CN111027665A - Cloud manufacturing scheduling method based on improved chaotic bat swarm algorithm - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cloud manufacturing scheduling method based on an improved chaotic bat swarm algorithm, which generates a matrix of a swarmPConfirming the population number, initializing the target configuration and dividing the task tomSubtask, preset virtual machine asnThe platform initializes the global optimum to obtain the optimum scheduling scheme, and outputs the final optimum scheduling scheme after using the improved chaos bat swarm algorithm to perform scheduling operationglobalbestAnd the cloud scheduling method is used as an optimal cloud manufacturing scheduling scheme. The invention is an improved algorithm based on bat group, which blends chaos into particle motion to make bat group move alternately between chaos and stability, and approaches to optimal point gradually, thereby improving calculation precision and further improving total efficiencyLocal optimization ability; the original algorithm is improved by combining two-dimensional disturbance and the chaotic factor, so that a better effect is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to computing; calculating; the technical field of counting, in particular to a cloud manufacturing scheduling method based on an improved chaotic bat swarm algorithm for a computer system based on a specific computing model.
Background
In the operation process of the cloud manufacturing platform, a service demander continuously submits own manufacturing requirements to the cloud manufacturing platform, and the cloud manufacturing platform provides optimal manufacturing services for users and generates a task and service scheduling scheme based on the personalized requirements of each user.
The matching and scheduling process of the manufacturing tasks and the manufacturing services is the core of solving the supply and demand matching and the resource effective utilization of the cloud manufacturing platform, and the process needs to consider the optimization selection problem among different manufacturing services.
In the prior art, the research on scheduling problems of tasks and services of manufacturing resources in a cloud manufacturing environment is still less, the used method is mainly based on an intelligent optimization algorithm, such as a genetic algorithm, a peak swarm algorithm, a particle swarm algorithm, an ant colony algorithm and the like, and some game theory methods are applied to task scheduling problems in a networked manufacturing environment.
However, although the algorithm in the prior art can guarantee the distribution planning of tasks, the execution speed and the load balance degree of the scheduling scheme cannot be guaranteed, and the cloud manufacturing scheduling cannot be perfectly implemented finally.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problems in the prior art, provides an optimized cloud manufacturing scheduling method based on the improved chaotic bat swarm algorithm, and improves the original algorithm by combining two-dimensional disturbance and a chaotic factor so as to achieve better effect.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that a cloud manufacturing scheduling method based on an improved chaotic bat swarm algorithm comprises the following steps:
step 1: generating a population P, wherein P is a matrix and the number of the population is P;
step 2: initializing target configuration, dividing tasks into m subtasks, and presetting n virtual machines;
and step 3: initializing global optimization, obtaining an optimal solution bestfittness of an optimal value algorithm of the fitness of the scheduling scheme, a population row bestindex corresponding to the optimal solution, and an optimal scheduling scheme globalbest, wherein the globalbest is a vector with the length of m;
and 4, step 4: using an improved chaotic bat swarm algorithm to perform scheduling operation;
and 5: and outputting globalbest as an optimal cloud manufacturing scheduling scheme.
Preferably, in step 1, the number of columns of the matrix P is the number of the population, the number of rows is the number of the tasks, and the value of any element is the number of the virtual machine.
Preferably, in step 3, the scheduling scheme fitness includes run time and load balancing.
Preferably, the step 4 comprises the steps of:
step 4.1: initializing a matrix P, wherein each element in the matrix corresponds to a speed, and the speed matrix is V;
initializing loudness A corresponding to the population quantity p, average loudness Ampan corresponding to the population quantity p, frequency F, maximum element fmax and minimum element fmin of the frequency F, pulse emissivity r, search measure faid, proportion Mi of space search of bats moving towards a negative direction, chaotic factor rid and chaotic variable cid;
step 4.2: initializing data, wherein the loudness A is any value in [0,2], the pulse emissivity r is a uniformly distributed random number between [0,1], and the chaos factor rid is any value in [0,1 ]; let iteration number iter be 1, and maximum iteration number gmax;
step 4.3: if iter is less than gmax, then go to the next step, otherwise, go to step 5;
step 4.4: initializing chaotic variables cid, cid [ i]t=(cid[i]t-1)1+rid[i];
Updating the frequency F [ i ] of each bat to fmin + (fmax-fmin) multiplied by β;
updating speed information v [ i ] [ j ] - [ v [ i ] [ j ] + (pop [ i ] [ j ] -globalbest [ j ]) × F [ i ], wherein i is the ith row of P, t is an order identifier, j is the jth column of P, pop [ i ] [ j ] is an element of the jth row of the ith row in the matrix P, and β is a random variable subject to uniform distribution among [0 and 1 ];
step 4.5: calculation of pop [ i][j]t+1=ω×v[i][j]t+1+(1-0.2×σ)×pop[i][j]tWherein ω and σ are both [0,1]]Random numbers obeying uniform distribution;
step 4.6: let pop [ i ] [ j ] ═ pop [ i ] [ j ] + epsilon × amaan, where epsilon is a random number between [ -1,1] subject to uniform distribution;
Step 4.7: rounding and border crossing judgment are carried out on each element of the matrix P;
step 4.8, updating the frequency F [ i ] ═ fmin + (fmax-fmin) × β;
update loudnessPulse emissivity ri]t+1=r[i]t(1-e-γt),And gamma are both [0,1]]Random numbers obeying uniform distribution;
step 4.9: based on step 4.8, updating average loudness ocean, global optimum bestfittness, bestindex and globalbest, iter ═ iter +1, and returning to step 4.3.
Preferably, in said step 4.1, the initial value of each element in the velocity matrix V is 0.
Preferably, in said step 4.1, the search measure faid ═ m-1.
Preferably, in said step 4.1, the initial value of the proportion Mi of the space search of the bat moving in the negative direction is 0.
Preferably, in the step 4.1, the chaotic variable cid is epsilon [0,1 ].
The invention relates to an optimized cloud manufacturing scheduling method based on an improved chaotic bat swarm algorithm.
The invention is based on the improved algorithm on the basis of the bat group, the chaos is integrated into the particle motion, so that the bat group moves alternately between chaos and stability and gradually approaches to an optimal point, the calculation precision is improved, and the global optimization capability is further improved; the original algorithm is improved by combining two-dimensional disturbance and the chaotic factor, so that a better effect is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a comparison of the iterative trend of the algorithm when the number of tasks is 30 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of the iterative trend of the algorithm when the number of tasks is 300 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
in fig. 2 and 3, the abscissa represents the number of runs and the ordinate represents the time overhead; in the embodiment, the node graph corresponding to the method is a square.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
The invention relates to a cloud manufacturing scheduling method based on an improved chaotic bat swarm algorithm, which comprises the following steps.
Step 1: and generating a population P, wherein P is a matrix and the number of the population is P.
In step 1, the number of columns of the matrix P is the number of the population, the number of rows is the number of the tasks, and the value of any element is the number of the virtual machine.
In the invention, the number of rows of the population P is the number of the population, each row represents a scheduling scheme, the number of columns is the number of the virtual machines, and the number of each element represents the number of the task allocated to the virtual machine.
Step 2: target configuration is initialized, tasks are divided into m subtasks, and n virtual machines are preset.
And step 3: initializing global optimization, obtaining an optimal solution bestfittness of an optimal value algorithm of the fitness of the scheduling scheme, a population row bestindex corresponding to the optimal solution, and a best scheduling scheme globalbest, wherein the globalbest is a vector with the length of m.
In step 3, the adaptability of the scheduling scheme includes running time and load balancing.
In the invention, global optimization is initialized so as to obtain an optimal scheduling scheme in the current population, compare the optimal scheduling scheme with subsequent results, and store the scheduling scheme globalbest and the execution time bestfiltness, wherein the bestfiltness can be any index for measuring the quality of the scheduling scheme, such as load balance degree, energy consumption and the like; taking the execution time as an example, the subscript best of the current population optimal scheduling scheme is recorded at the same time, because each row of the matrix is a scheduling scheme, the subscript here is actually the row number of the matrix, and is convenient for subsequent access to the population optimal solution to update the value of globalbest, and globalbest is a value stored by using only one variable in population iteration, and the updating formula is as follows with each iteration:
globalbest is only the best of the current population, and the scheduling scheme is updated all the time when population iteration is performed, and there may be a better scheduling scheme in the population P.
And 4, step 4: and performing scheduling operation by using an improved chaotic bat swarm algorithm.
The step 4 comprises the following steps:
step 4.1: initializing a matrix P, wherein each element in the matrix corresponds to a speed, and the speed matrix is V;
in said step 4.1, the initial value of each element in the velocity matrix V is 0.
In said step 4.1, the search measure faid is m-1.
In said step 4.1, the initial value of the proportion Mi of the bat's spatial search moving in the negative direction is 0.
In the step 4.1, the chaotic variable cid is formed by [0,1 ].
Initializing loudness A corresponding to the population quantity p, average loudness Ampan corresponding to the population quantity p, frequency F, maximum element fmax and minimum element fmin of the frequency F, pulse emissivity r, search measure faid, proportion Mi of space search of bats moving towards a negative direction, chaotic factor rid and chaotic variable cid;
step 4.2: initializing data, wherein the loudness A is any value in [0,2], the pulse emissivity r is a uniformly distributed random number between [0,1], and the chaos factor rid is any value in [0,1 ]; let iteration number iter be 1, and maximum iteration number gmax;
step 4.3: if iter is less than gmax, then go to the next step, otherwise, go to step 5;
step 4.4: initializing chaotic variables cid, cid [ i]t=(cid[i]t-1)1+rid[i];
Updating the frequency F [ i ] of each bat to fmin + (fmax-fmin) multiplied by β;
updating speed information v [ i ] [ j ] - [ v [ i ] [ j ] + (pop [ i ] [ j ] -globalbest [ j ]) × F [ i ], wherein i is the ith row of P, t is an order identifier, j is the jth column of P, pop [ i ] [ j ] is an element of the jth row of the ith row in the matrix P, and β is a random variable subject to uniform distribution among [0 and 1 ];
step 4.5: calculation of pop [ i][j]t+1=ω×v[i][j]t+1+(1-0.2×σ)×pop[i][j]tWherein ω and σ are both [0,1]]Random numbers obeying uniform distribution;
step 4.6: let pop [ i ] [ j ] ═ pop [ i ] [ j ] + epsilon × amaan, where epsilon is a random number between [ -1,1] subject to uniform distribution;
Step 4.7: rounding and border crossing judgment are carried out on each element of the matrix P;
step 4.8, updating the frequency F [ i ] ═ fmin + (fmax-fmin) × β;
update loudnessPulse emissivity ri]t+1=r[i]t(1-e-γt),And gamma are both [0,1]]Random numbers obeying uniform distribution;
step 4.9: based on step 4.8, updating average loudness ocean, global optimum bestfittness, bestindex and globalbest, iter ═ iter +1, and returning to step 4.3.
In the invention, a group optimization algorithm needs to have a group individual, wherein one row (one array) of a P matrix is regarded as one individual, the P matrix has two types of position attribute and speed attribute, each individual has three types of loudness attribute, pulse emissivity attribute and frequency attribute, the position is a task number on the ith virtual machine of any array, the speed represents the variable quantity of each iteration, the frequency is an attribute for correcting the speed attribute, the loudness attribute is an attribute for correcting the frequency attribute, and the pulse emissivity attribute is used for correcting the loudness attribute; i.e. the position and velocity are matrices of the same dimension and size as the population P, while the pulse emissivity, frequency, loudness are arrays of size population P.
In the invention, the position information is updated by using two-dimensional disturbance, so as to increase the search area and reduce the probability of falling into the local optimum, but if the global optimum is already at the point, the two-dimensional disturbance can cause the search to deviate from the optimum solution, and in order to avoid the oscillation amplitude to be larger, in step 4.5, the oscillation amplitude is set to be 0.2.
In the invention, since the matrix obtained in step 4.6 has floating point numbers, but the virtual machine number is set as an integer, and the size of the task number is also limited, the rounding and border crossing judgment are performed on the result in step 4.7.
And 5: and outputting globalbest as an optimal cloud manufacturing scheduling scheme.
In the invention, the effect is verified based on experiments.
Experiments are carried out by using cloudsim as a simulation platform, and the experimental running environment is a Windows 1064-bit operating system, an Intel Core i5-7500CPU and an 8GB memory;
taking 10 servers as a group, the latter 20, 30 servers are copies of the computing power of the first 10 servers; except for the MIPS (computing power), namely the number of millions of instructions which can be executed per second is different, and the rest data are the same;
the task length is a random integer constant initialized to be 500-10000, in order to remove accidental influence factors and better observe global effects, the average value of 10 times is taken in an experiment, and the iteration times of a group are fixed for 20 times; the running times and corresponding load balances of the best scheduling schemes found by the running of several algorithms are compared as follows:
comparing the change trend of the algorithm, and comparing the change trend with a traditional bat swarm algorithm (BA), a quantum particle swarm algorithm (QPSO) and a Genetic Algorithm (GA), and operating for 10 times, wherein the result is shown in a figure 2; in the figure, the number of the virtual machines is 10, the number of tasks is 30, the number of iterations is 20, and the comparison of the results of multiple running of each algorithm shows that the algorithm of the invention has better stability and stronger optimizing capability, and compared with the algorithm, the GA optimizing capability is not good enough, and the QPSO and BA algorithms have larger variation;
when the number of tasks is 300, the number of virtual machines is 10, the group is iterated 10 times, ram is 8192, bw is 10000, and the operation is performed 21 times, and the result is as shown in fig. 3, and the effect is more obvious.
The method comprises the steps of generating a matrix P of a population, confirming the number of the population, initializing target configuration, dividing tasks into m subtasks, presetting n virtual machines, initializing global optimality to obtain an optimal scheduling scheme, performing scheduling operation by using an improved chaotic bat group algorithm, and outputting a final optimal scheduling scheme globalbest serving as an optimal cloud manufacturing scheduling scheme.
The invention is based on the improved algorithm on the basis of the bat group, the chaos is integrated into the particle motion, so that the bat group moves alternately between chaos and stability and gradually approaches to an optimal point, the calculation precision is improved, and the global optimization capability is further improved; the original algorithm is improved by combining two-dimensional disturbance and the chaotic factor, so that a better effect is achieved.
Claims (8)
1. A cloud manufacturing scheduling method based on an improved chaotic bat swarm algorithm is characterized in that:
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: generating a population P, wherein P is a matrix and the number of the population is P;
step 2: initializing target configuration, dividing tasks into m subtasks, and presetting n virtual machines;
and step 3: initializing global optimization, obtaining an optimal solution bestfittness of an optimal value algorithm of the fitness of the scheduling scheme, a population row bestindex corresponding to the optimal solution, and an optimal scheduling scheme globalbest, wherein the globalbest is a vector with the length of m;
and 4, step 4: using an improved chaotic bat swarm algorithm to perform scheduling operation;
and 5: and outputting globalbest as an optimal cloud manufacturing scheduling scheme.
2. The cloud manufacturing scheduling method based on the improved chaotic bat swarm algorithm as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 1, the number of columns of the matrix P is the number of the population, the number of rows is the number of the tasks, and the value of any element is the number of the virtual machine.
3. The cloud manufacturing scheduling method based on the improved chaotic bat swarm algorithm as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 3, the adaptability of the scheduling scheme includes running time and load balancing.
4. The cloud manufacturing scheduling method based on the improved chaotic bat swarm algorithm as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step 4 comprises the following steps:
step 4.1: initializing a matrix P, wherein each element in the matrix corresponds to a speed, and the speed matrix is V;
initializing loudness A corresponding to the population quantity p, average loudness Ampan corresponding to the population quantity p, frequency F, maximum element fmax and minimum element fmin of the frequency F, pulse emissivity r, search measure faid, proportion Mi of space search of bats moving towards a negative direction, chaotic factor rid and chaotic variable cid;
step 4.2: initializing data, wherein the loudness A is any value in [0,2], the pulse emissivity r is a uniformly distributed random number between [0,1], and the chaos factor rid is any value in [0,1 ]; let iteration number iter be 1, and maximum iteration number gmax;
step 4.3: if iter is less than gmax, then go to the next step, otherwise, go to step 5;
step 4.4: initializing chaotic variables cid, cid [ i]t=(cid[i]t_1)1+rid[i];
Updating the frequency F [ i ] of each bat to fmin + (fmax-fmin) multiplied by β;
updating speed information v [ i ] [ j ] ═ v [ i ] [ j ] + (pop [ i ] [ j ] -globalbest [ j ]) × F [ i ];
wherein i is the ith row of P, t is the sequence identifier, j is the jth column of P, pop [ i ] [ j ] is the element of the jth row of the ith row in the matrix P, and β is a random variable subject to uniform distribution among [0,1 ];
step 4.5: calculation of pop [ i][j]t+1=ω×v[i][j]t+1+(1-0.2×σ)×pop[i][j]tWherein ω and σ are both [0,1]]Random numbers obeying uniform distribution;
step 4.6: let pop [ i ] [ j ] ═ pop [ i ] [ j ] + epsilon × amaan, where epsilon is a random number between [ -1,1] subject to uniform distribution;
Step 4.7: rounding and border crossing judgment are carried out on each element of the matrix P;
step 4.8, updating the frequency F [ i ] ═ fmin + (fmax-fmin) × β;
update loudnessPulse emissivity ri]t+1=r[i]t(1-e-γt),And gamma are both [0,1]]Random numbers obeying uniform distribution;
step 4.9: based on step 4.8, updating average loudness ocean, global optimum bestfittness, bestindex and globalbest, iter ═ iter +1, and returning to step 4.3.
5. The cloud manufacturing scheduling method based on the improved chaotic bat swarm algorithm as claimed in claim 4, wherein: in said step 4.1, the initial value of each element in the velocity matrix V is 0.
6. The cloud manufacturing scheduling method based on the improved chaotic bat swarm algorithm as claimed in claim 4, wherein: in said step 4.1, the search measure faid is m-1.
7. The cloud manufacturing scheduling method based on the improved chaotic bat swarm algorithm as claimed in claim 4, wherein: in said step 4.1, the initial value of the proportion Mi of the bat's spatial search moving in the negative direction is 0.
8. The cloud manufacturing scheduling method based on the improved chaotic bat swarm algorithm as claimed in claim 4, wherein: in the step 4.1, the chaotic variable cid is formed by [0,1 ].
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