CN111027264A - Plain district urban river network water circulation regulation and control method based on ecological restoration target - Google Patents
Plain district urban river network water circulation regulation and control method based on ecological restoration target Download PDFInfo
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- Y02A20/402—River restoration
Abstract
The invention relates to a plain area urban river network water circulation regulation and control method based on an ecological restoration target, which comprises the steps of surveying the basic situation of the urban river network, and constructing a water quantity-water power-water quality-water ecological index system by taking aquatic organism diversity as the basic target of the urban inland river network water ecological restoration; constructing a fine simulation model of river network hydraulics-water quality-water ecology, optimizing a running water engineering regulation and control scheme by using hydrodynamic force-water quality simulation results of each scenario scheme, constructing an urban river network large circulation system, and adjusting a section structure of a local terminal river reach to realize local small circulation; comprehensively evaluating the flood control safety, the environmental improvement benefit and the influence on a water replenishing source of the regulation and control scheme. The invention realizes that under the existing engineering system, the running water source and the kinetic energy thereof are fully utilized, and the hydraulic engineering scheduling of a gate, a pump and the like is taken as a main way to promote the orderly movement of the inland river water flow and recover and improve the inland river self-cleaning capability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a plain area urban river network water circulation regulation and control method based on an ecological restoration target, and belongs to the technical field of black and odorous river treatment and hydraulic engineering.
Background
"asking the ditch for a clear? The water comes from the active head. Insufficient source water, poor source water quality and poor hydrodynamic conditions are the main reasons for deterioration of water environment quality and water ecosystem degradation of inland rivers in plain areas. In engineering, aiming at the problem of insufficient water source of urban inland river water network in plain areas, a large number of ecological water replenishing practices of urban inland rivers are developed, such as Suzhou urban running water self-flow engineering. The running water is the soul of long-term management of urban water body, and the running water with overlarge flow or flow velocity can be called as 'water change'; the running water mode of the 'water changing' mode is not sustainable, which not only causes great waste of water resources of a water replenishing source and aggravates contradictions between ecological water consumption and other water consumption, but also is not beneficial to the stability maintenance of an ecological system because the flow state of the inland river is directly transited from still water to higher flow speed. Meanwhile, in order to meet the requirements of flood control and drainage, engineering systems such as gates, dams, pumps and the like are built in the inland river system in plain cities, and engineering conditions are provided for river network water circulation regulation and control. Therefore, the key of the plain city river network running water is to regulate and control the water circulation of the river network, fully utilize a running water source and optimize the scheduling of the existing engineering system under the existing engineering system, and the method is an important way for realizing the orderly movement of the city river network water and ensuring the health of the river network ecosystem. For example, although the urban river water quality purification method based on the hydrodynamic force control and guidance system utilizes the kinetic energy of the tidal current of the river fluctuation to make the river flow live, the method is not suitable for the areas without obvious tidal kinetic energy in inland and foreign rivers.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a plain district urban river network water circulation regulation and control method based on an ecological restoration target, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
the plain district urban river network water circulation regulation and control method based on the ecological restoration target comprises the following steps:
step one, investigating the basic situation of an urban river network;
investigating hydrodynamic conditions of the river network, investigating and rechecking the vertical section, the cross section, the culvert, the sluice and the pump station of the river network, and finding out the pollution source conditions of endogenous pollution, urban non-point source pollution, position and water quantity of a discharge port along the way, type and concentration of pollutants entering the river and the like in the river network;
step two, constructing a water quantity-water power-water quality-water ecology index system by taking aquatic organism diversity as a basic target of urban inland river water network water ecology recovery;
the water quantity index is the satisfaction degree of the integral ecological water demand of the river network, the hydrodynamic indexes are the average flow speed of the river network, the flow speed river network length below 25% quantile and the flow speed river network length above 75% quantile, the water quality index is the main water quality index and is controlled as the management requirement, and the water ecological index is the good of an aquatic animal and plant system;
step three, constructing a fine simulation model of river network hydraulics-water quality-water ecology;
generalizing the topological structures inside the river network, between the river network and a discharge port, and between the river network and a river outside the system, wherein the connection mode of each river section of the river network is generalized into direct connection, culverts, water gates and pump stations to form a topological structure diagram of the river network; carrying out calibration on model parameters and verifying the precision of the model according to the measured data of the diversion time interval;
step four, building a large circulation system and a local small circulation system of the urban river network
The water quantity defines the type of a water replenishing source, including tail water of a town sewage plant, outlet water of a rainwater storage tank and external water regulation; determining the position of a water tap door and water supplement amount distribution according to the existing water system communication condition; according to the principle of orthogonal design, setting the combination situation of water supplementing position, water quantity and water supplementing time, and setting a situation scheme set; calculating indexes of water quantity, water power, water quality and water ecology by using a fine simulation model of river network hydraulics, water quality and water ecology as a platform; comprehensively providing a regulation and control scheme of a large circulation system and a local small circulation system of the urban river network according to a multi-target calculation result;
and step five, comprehensively evaluating the comprehensive influence of the regulation and control scheme on flood control safety, environment improvement benefit and the influence on a water replenishing source.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the fine simulation model of river network hydraulics-water quality-water ecology defines an analysis range of a river network system by taking physical connectivity of a river network in a research area as a link and taking river network nodes with definite boundary conditions as system boundary points, and requires that the analysis range completely includes the river network in the research area; aiming at analyzing the river network, the basic information of the surveyed river network is taken as input, and the roughness of the river network, BOD degradation rate and NH are taken as input3The N degradation rate and the total phosphorus degradation rate are model parameters, and a one-dimensional river hydrodynamic-water quality-water ecological coupling model is established; the river hydrodynamic-water quality-water ecological coupling model is subjected to parameter calibration and model verification in a rainfall/water diversion process of not less than 2-3 times.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the urban river network large circulation system aims at spiraling the whole river network hydrodynamic condition, reducing the flow velocity of the river reach above 75% quantiles, taking the allowable non-rush flow velocity of the riverbed as the upper limit, and aiming at fully utilizing the flow velocity kinetic energy of diversion and water adjustment and spiraling the whole river network to further determine the proper diversion position, diversion amount, water supplementing time and water supplementing frequency.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the local small circulation system is a river reach with the flow rate quantile regulated to be below 25%, a flow guide facility is added to a main river reach connected with the river reach, and an overflow weir engineering measure is used for improving the flow split ratio of the tail river reach to form local small circulation of water flow of the tail river reach.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, in the step one, the river network hydrodynamic conditions include a flow direction, a flow speed, and a water surface slope.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the river network nodes with definite boundary conditions comprise gate dams, hydrological stations and river network tip sections.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, in step three, the measured data of the water diversion time interval includes measured data of water level, flow rate, and pollutant concentration.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method comprehensively regulates and controls the hydrodynamic conditions of the river network according to two levels of large circulation of the river network and small circulation of a local river reach, preferentially uses the large circulation of the river network to regulate and control the total water supplement amount, and uses the small circulation of the local river reach to solve the hydrodynamic conditions of the local slow stagnation river reach, so that the organic unification of the whole live water and the local live water of the hydrodynamic conditions of the urban river network is realized, and the maximization of the environmental ecological effect under the constraint of limited live water resources is realized.
2. The invention utilizes the existing urban water system structure and the water-activating engineering system to realize the ordered flow of the slow-flow urban river network water body on the basis of not increasing the engineering investment on a large scale. In the time period that the water level of the outer river is higher than that of the city inner river, the natural fall of the water heads of the inner river and the outer river can be used as power; in the regions and time periods when the water level of the outer river is lower than that of the urban inner river, the existing inner river estuary pump station is transformed into a waterlogging drainage and water supplement integrated pump station, and the pump station is used as a power source.
3. The invention strengthens the self-purification capacity of the inland river water ecosystem, reduces the scale of diversion and water diversion, and creates conditions for enhancing the annual purification function of water ecological engineering measures and recovering the water ecological health.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an operation flow chart of the plain district urban river network water circulation regulation and control method based on the ecological restoration target;
fig. 2 is a topological relation diagram of river network in a certain city.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The plain district urban river network water circulation regulation and control method based on the ecological restoration target has the operation flow shown in figure 1, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: and (5) investigating the basic situation of the urban river network. Investigating the hydrodynamic conditions of the river network, including flow direction, flow speed, water surface slope and the like, investigating and rechecking projects such as river network vertical sections, cross sections, culverts, water gates, pump stations and the like, and the position of a discharge port along the course of the pollution source river network, water quantity, types and concentrations of pollutants entering the river.
Specific examples are: the river network catchment area of an urban inland river in a certain plain area is an urban built-up area and peripheral farmlands, and the existing river network water source mainly comprises urban landscaping area rainwater, farmlands area rainwater, dry season drainage ports, tail water of urban sewage treatment plants and irregular water diversion of an external river. A check gate is built on the outer river at the lower reaches of the urban built-up area, and the normal water storage level on the gate is about 1.0-1.5 m higher than the water level of the urban inner river, so that the self-flowing water diversion condition of the urban river network can be met. The urban inland river and the inland river are both controlled by gates, and drainage pumping stations are built. The urban drainage system is rain sewage confluence, and a water outlet of a town sewage treatment plant is positioned at the downstream of an urban river network; the urban inland river pollutant sources are dry season discharge openings, rainwater openings, tail water of urban sewage treatment plants and endogenous sources. Gate dams are built at the intersections of part of inland rivers.
S2: and constructing a water quantity-water power-water quality-water ecology index system by taking the aquatic organism diversity as a basic target of urban inland river water network water ecology recovery. The water quantity index is the satisfaction degree of the integral ecological water demand of the river network, the hydrodynamic indexes are the average flow speed of the river network, the flow speed river network length below 25% quantile and the flow speed river network length above 75% quantile, the water quality index is the main water quality index and is controlled as the management requirement, and the water ecology index is the good of an aquatic animal and plant system.
Specific examples are: the water quantity index is the satisfaction degree of the integral ecological water demand of the river network, the basic ecological water demand and the target ecological water demand are calculated according to a Mongolian method, a guarantee rate method and a water quantity balance method, and the result is that the basic ecological water demand of the region is 27 ten thousand meters3D, the target ecological water demand is 110 ten thousand meters3And d. The hydrodynamic indexes comprise the average flow velocity of a river network, the flow velocity river network length below 25% quantiles and the flow velocity river network length above 75% quantiles, the flow velocity of the river network is comprehensively determined by controlling the algae critical flow velocity, starting the sediment critical flow velocity and allowing the non-flushing flow velocity, and the suitable flow velocity range is 0.05-0.2 m/s. The water quality index is a main water quality index, the control is a management requirement, the target is IV-class water, and the indexes comprise DO and NH4-N, BOD 5; the water ecological index is a physical habitat model.
S3: a fine simulation model of river network hydraulics, water quality and water ecology. Topology structures inside the river network, between the river network and a discharge port, between the river network and a river outside the system are generalized, wherein the connection modes of all river sections of the river network are generalized to direct connections, culverts, water gates, pump stations and the like to form a river network topology structure diagram. And (3) carrying out calibration on model parameters and verifying the precision of the model according to measured data such as water level, flow and pollutant concentration in a water diversion period.
Specific examples are: the topological relation of the river network of the urban inland river in a certain plain area is shown in figure 2, 102 river sections are divided, and the connection mode of the river sections is mainly water gates and direct connection. In recent 5 years, the water quality of the foreign river is maintained in indexes of NH4-N, BOD5 and the like in III-IV class all the year round.
S4: the large circulation and the local small circulation of the urban river network are built. Determining types of water replenishing sources, including tail water of a town sewage plant, outlet water of a rainwater storage tank and external water transfer; determining the position of a water tap door and water supplement amount distribution according to the existing water system communication condition; according to the principle of orthogonal design, setting factor combination scenes such as water replenishing positions, water amounts, water replenishing opportunities and the like, and setting a scene scheme set; calculating indexes of water power, water quality and water ecology by using a fine simulation model of river network hydraulics, water quality and water ecology as a platform; and comprehensively providing a regulation and control scheme of a large circulation system and a local small circulation system of the urban river network according to a multi-target calculation result.
Specific examples are: according to the current water system characteristics, the simulation calculation results show that when the water quality of the outer river is stable in IV class and the initial concentration of the water quality of the inner river is V class, the water quality of the inner river can be improved to IV class after water diversion for 2 days. Compared with a single-point water inlet mode, the multi-point water inlet water supplementing mode can obviously improve the hydrodynamic conditions in the area. The hydrodynamic conditions of the 4 river reach are poor, and the flow velocity of the river reach is obviously increased and approaches to the lower limit of the proper flow velocity after a water blocking facility is arranged at the joint of the river reach and the main river channel.
S5: comprehensively evaluating the comprehensive influence of the regulation and control scheme on flood control safety, environmental improvement benefit and the influence on a water replenishing source.
In the embodiment, the invention realizes that under the existing engineering system, the running water source and the kinetic energy thereof are fully utilized, and the water conservancy project scheduling such as a gate, a pump and the like is taken as a main way to promote the ordered movement of the water flow of the inland river and recover and improve the self-cleaning capability of the inland river.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The plain district urban river network water circulation regulation and control method based on the ecological restoration target is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, investigating the basic situation of an urban river network;
investigating hydrodynamic conditions of the river network, investigating and rechecking the vertical section, the cross section, the culvert, the sluice and the pump station of the river network, and investigating the position of a discharge port, the water quantity and the type and the concentration of river-entering pollutants of the pollution source river network;
step two, constructing a water quantity-water power-water quality-water ecology index system by taking aquatic organism diversity as a basic target of urban inland river water network water ecology recovery;
the water quantity index is the satisfaction degree of the integral ecological water demand of the river network, the hydrodynamic indexes are the average flow speed of the river network, the flow speed river network length below 25% quantile and the flow speed river network length above 75% quantile, the water quality index is the main water quality index and is controlled as the management requirement, and the water ecological index is the good of an aquatic animal and plant system;
step three, constructing a fine simulation model of river network hydraulics-water quality-water ecology;
generalizing the topological structures inside the river network, between the river network and a discharge port, and between the river network and a river outside the system, wherein the connection mode of each river section of the river network is generalized into direct connection, culverts, water gates and pump stations to form a topological structure diagram of the river network; carrying out calibration on model parameters and verifying the precision of the model according to the measured data of the diversion time interval;
fourthly, building a large circulation system and a local small circulation system of the urban river network;
the water quantity defines the type of a water replenishing source, including tail water of a town sewage plant, outlet water of a rainwater storage tank and external water regulation; determining the position of a water tap door and water supplement amount distribution according to the existing water system communication condition; according to the principle of orthogonal design, setting the combination situation of water supplementing position, water quantity and water supplementing time, and setting a situation scheme set; calculating indexes of water quantity, water power, water quality and water ecology by using a fine simulation model of river network hydraulics, water quality and water ecology as a platform; comprehensively providing a regulation and control scheme of a large circulation system and a local small circulation system of the urban river network according to a multi-target calculation result;
and step five, comprehensively evaluating the comprehensive influence of the regulation and control scheme on flood control safety, environment improvement benefit and the influence on a water replenishing source.
2. The plain district urban river network water circulation regulation and control method based on ecological restoration target according to claim 1, characterized in that: the river network hydraulics-water quality-water ecology refined simulation model is characterized in that physical connectivity of a river network of a research area is taken as a link, river network nodes with definite boundary conditions are taken as system boundary points, an analysis range of a river network system is defined, and the analysis range is required to completely contain the river network of the research area; aiming at analyzing the river network, the basic information of the surveyed river network is taken as input, and the roughness of the river network, BOD degradation rate and NH are taken as input3The N degradation rate and the total phosphorus degradation rate are model parameters, and a one-dimensional river hydrodynamic-water quality-water ecological coupling model is established; the river hydrodynamic-water quality-water ecological coupling model is subjected to parameter calibration and model verification in a rainfall/water diversion process of not less than 2-3 times.
3. The plain district urban river network water circulation regulation and control method based on ecological restoration target according to claim 1, characterized in that: the urban river network large circulation system aims at making a complete river network live in a spiral way under hydrodynamic conditions, reduces the flow velocity of a river reach above 75% quantiles, and takes the allowable non-rush flow velocity of a riverbed as an upper limit, so that the flow velocity kinetic energy of diversion and water adjustment and the complete river network live in the spiral way are fully utilized, and further, a proper water diversion position, a water diversion amount, a water supplementing time and a water supplementing frequency are determined.
4. The plain district urban river network water circulation regulation and control method based on ecological restoration target according to claim 1, characterized in that: the local small circulation system is a river reach with the flow rate quantile regulated and controlled below 25%, a flow guide facility is added to the main river reach connected with the river reach, and an overflow weir engineering measure is used to improve the flow split ratio of the peripheral river reach so as to form local small circulation of water flow of the peripheral river reach.
5. The plain district urban river network water circulation regulation and control method based on ecological restoration target according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the hydrodynamic conditions of the river network comprise flow direction, flow speed and water surface slope.
6. The plain district urban river network water circulation regulation and control method based on ecological restoration target according to claim 2, characterized in that: the river network nodes with definite boundary conditions comprise gate dams, hydrological stations and river network tip sections.
7. The plain district urban river network water circulation regulation and control method based on ecological restoration target according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, the measured data of the water diversion time interval comprises the measured data of the water level, the flow and the pollutant concentration.
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