CN111027006B - Method for obtaining optimal washing cycle of gas turbine - Google Patents
Method for obtaining optimal washing cycle of gas turbine Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 90
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/70—Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning
- F04D29/701—Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/705—Adding liquids
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for acquiring the optimal washing cycle of a gas turbine, which is characterized in that the optimal washing cycle of the gas turbine is acquired according to the curve relationship between the increased cost and the number of times of washing per year by acquiring each parameter of the gas turbine and obtaining the outward output work, the thermal efficiency and the fuel consumption of the gas turbine according to the acquired parameters. The optimal water washing cycle combination is determined by integrating influencing factors of various parameters of the gas turbine, namely the reduction of the compression ratio and the power of the gas compressor of the gas turbine, the economic loss caused by shutdown and the increase of the operation cost caused by the change of fuel consumption conditions; the fuel is balanced with the water washing consumption of the gas turbine, so that the comprehensive cost of the gas turbine operation and water washing is minimized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of gas turbine cleaning, and particularly relates to a method for acquiring an optimal washing cycle of a gas turbine.
Background
Because the air contains various suspended matters such as dirt, dust, smoke and the like, although the air filter is arranged at the inlet of the air compressor, more than about 90 percent of suspended matters in the air have the diameter smaller than 2pm, the air filter at the inlet of the air compressor cannot remove the suspended matters completely, and the suspended matters are gradually adsorbed on the surfaces of blades of the air compressor to generate scale along with the continuous increase of the operation time after entering the air compressor. After the compressor blade is fouled, the aerodynamic performance of the blade is changed, the output, the efficiency and the running performance of the unit are gradually reduced, and the safe running of the gas turbine is greatly influenced.
In order to ensure safe and efficient operation of the gas turbine, the gas turbine needs to be periodically washed with water to restore the efficiency of the gas turbine. However, a large amount of station service electricity is consumed in the water washing process, special cleaning agents are needed for the water washing of the gas turbine, the cost is high, the metal temperature in the gas turbine after the water washing can be reduced to a certain value, the starting time of the unit after the water washing is prolonged, and all the factors are the main cost of the water washing. In view of the above, the gas turbine should not be washed too frequently. Therefore, an optimal washing cycle needs to be determined by comparing with the washing benefits, however, the research on the optimal washing cycle of the gas turbine at home and abroad is less at present.
1) Combined cycle generator set gas turbine washing strategy optimization model research
Based on the principle that the average generalized offline washing cost is the lowest in the whole washing period, an optimization model for calculating the economic offline washing period of the combined cycle generator set of the heavy oil burning gas turbine is provided. The generalized offline water-wash costs of a gas turbine combined cycle generator set primarily include the additional cost of operation and the cost of shutdown. Calculations for a combined cycle generator set indicate that the optimal offline water wash cycle is about 77 hours. Compared with the traditional washing standard (48 h), the optimization model improves the equipment utilization rate, and simultaneously can be more profitable 594 ten thousand yuan per year; compared with the water washing period (150 h) actually executed by the power plant, the safety of equipment operation is improved, and the device can be profitable 1234 thousands yuan per year. Finally, the influence of fuel price, internet electricity price, downtime, deterioration rate and washing times on the washing period is analyzed; the results show that the optimal offline water-washing cycle is greatly affected by the above factors except the number of water-washing times.
2) Water washing system optimization of M701F3 type gas-steam combined cycle unit
The M701F3 type gas-steam combined cycle generator set is briefly introduced, the necessity of water washing of the gas turbine is elaborated, the water washing system of the generator set is optimized by calculating the optimal offline water washing period and the two technical improvements of no vacuumizing during water washing, and the two technical improvements are proved by experimental comparison to bring obvious economic benefits to enterprises.
Disadvantages of the prior art:
1) The user needs are not considered from the practical point of view. When the efficiency of the gas compressor is reduced, the output power of the gas turbine is also reduced, and in order to ensure the electricity consumption of a user, the consumption of fuel is required to be increased so as to ensure the stable output power of the gas turbine.
2) The optimal water washing cycle is determined only from the reduction of the compression ratio and the power of the gas compressor of the gas engine and the economic loss caused by shutdown, and the operation cost increase caused by the change of the fuel consumption condition is not considered, so that the calculated result deviation is larger.
3) The periodic water washing is less preferable. Too long a cycle may cause compressor fouling to be too thick to clean, and additional costs of fuel addition; too short a cycle can result in surplus water washing, increased costs of washing the combustion engine, and wasted resources for downtime.
It is noted that this section is intended to provide a background or context for the embodiments of the invention that are recited in the claims. The description herein is not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for acquiring the optimal washing cycle of a gas turbine, which effectively controls the washing times of the gas turbine, reduces the washing cost of the gas turbine and improves the efficiency of the gas turbine.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purposes:
the method for acquiring the optimal washing cycle of the gas turbine comprises the following steps of:
1 collecting the total inlet temperature T of a gas compressor in a gas turbine 1 * And the total temperature T of the outlet 2 * And the inlet total temperature T of a turbine in a gas turbine 3 * And the total temperature T of the outlet 4 * ；
2, according to the gas turbine, outputting work W outwards n And the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine is eta gt Acquiring the fuel consumption of the gas turbine;
2.1 according to the specific work W of the turbine T Specific work W of air compressor C The calculated outward output work of the gas turbine is W n The specific calculation formula is as follows:
W n ＝W T -W C ＝c pg (T 3 * -T 4 * )-c p (T 2 * -T 1 * ) (1)
wherein c pg C is the constant pressure specific heat capacity of the fuel p The constant pressure specific heat capacity of the air;
2.2, according to the gas turbine, the work W is output outwards n Heating value H of fuel u The ratio f of the mass flow of the fuel to the mass flow of the air is calculated to obtain the thermal efficiency eta of the gas turbine gt The specific calculation formula is as follows:
2.3 according to the power W of the generator set in the gas turbine f Heat rate q of generator set, heat value H of fuel u Thermal efficiency η of a gas turbine gt Calculating the consumption Q of the fuel of the gas turbine m The specific calculation formula is as follows:
3, according to the price u of natural gas, the number n of water washing per year and the cost W of water washing per year 2 Consumption of fuel Q m The annual gas turbine cost W due to efficiency degradation is calculated 3 The specific formula is as follows:
according to the increased cost W 3 And (5) obtaining the optimal washing cycle of the gas turbine according to the curve relation of the number n of the washing times per year.
Further, in the step 1, the total inlet temperature T of the compressor is collected by thermometers installed at the inlet and the outlet of the compressor, respectively 1 * And the total temperature T of the outlet 2 * And collecting the total inlet temperature T of the turbine by a thermometer method installed at the inlet and the outlet of the turbine respectively 3 * And the total temperature T of the outlet 4 * 。
Further, in the step 2, the constant pressure specific heat capacity c of the fuel pg The specific formula is as follows:
wherein a is 1 、b 1 、c 1 、d 1 、a 2 、b 2 、c 2 、d 2 Are all constant, T is the temperature of the fuel, R g Is a gas constant.
Further, in the above step 2 ], the constant pressure specific heat capacity c of air p The specific formula is as follows:
c p ＝(a+bT+cT 2 +dT 3 )R g (6)
wherein a, b, c, d is constant, T is the temperature of air, R g Is a gas constant.
Further, in the above step 3 ], the cost W is obtained by washing with water each time 1 And the number of times of washing n to obtain the cost W of washing per year 2 The specific relation is as follows:
W 2 ＝W 1 ·n (7)。
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method is based on influencing factors of various parameters of the gas turbine, and determines the optimal water washing cycle combination from the reduction of the compression ratio and the power of the gas compressor of the gas turbine, the economic loss caused by shutdown and the increase of the operation cost caused by the change of fuel consumption conditions; the fuel is balanced with the water washing consumption of the gas turbine, so that the comprehensive cost of the gas turbine operation and water washing is minimized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a workflow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a gas turbine engine of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of fuel consumption trend of a gas turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the water wash cost trend of a gas turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments may be embodied in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The described features or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
As shown in fig. 2, a gas turbine generally includes a compressor 1, a combustor 2, a turbine 3, and a generator set 4.
Compressor 1: the pressure of the air flowing therethrough is increased, and satisfactory compressed air is supplied to the combustion chamber 2.
Combustion chamber 2: and means for combusting the fuel and generating a high temperature gas and flowing the high temperature gas to the turbine.
Turbine 3: also known as a turbine. The function of the device is that most of energy of high-temperature and high-pressure gas flowing out of the combustion chamber 2 is converted into mechanical work, so that the turbine 3 is driven to rotate and generate output power, and the output power is output by a turbine shaft to drive a fan, the compressor 1, other accessories and the like.
Generating set 4: a device driven by the turbine 3 and generating electricity.
According to the technical scheme (as shown in fig. 1), the invention is described in detail according to a specific embodiment. The following are specific tests performed on a 50MW gas turbine of some type:
(1) Collecting gas turbine operating parameters
Mainly comprises the following parameters:
| parameter name | (symbol) | Unit (B) |
| Total temperature of inlet of air compressor | T 1 * | K |
| Total temperature of outlet of air compressor | T 2 * | K |
| Total temperature of turbine inlet | T 3 * | K |
| Total temperature of turbine outlet | T 4 * | K |
The values specifically collected are as follows, depending on the gas turbine operating time:
| run time (h) | T 1 *(K) | T 2 *(K) | T 3 *(K) | T 4 *(K) |
| 0 | 288.15 | 777.7 | 1435 | 933 |
| 100 | 288.15 | 772.9 | 1442 | 938 |
| 200 | 288.15 | 768.1 | 1449 | 942 |
| 300 | 288.15 | 765.7 | 1455 | 946 |
| 400 | 288.15 | 763.3 | 1460 | 949 |
| 500 | 288.15 | 758.4 | 1469 | 955 |
| 600 | 288.15 | 755.6 | 1473 | 958 |
| 700 | 288.15 | 753.6 | 1479 | 962 |
| 800 | 288.15 | 751.2 | 1484 | 965 |
| 900 | 288.15 | 748.8 | 1490 | 969 |
| 1000 | 288.15 | 746.4 | 1493 | 971 |
| 1100 | 288.15 | 744 | 1493 | 972 |
| 1200 | 288.15 | 741.5 | 1502 | 977 |
(2) Calculating fuel consumption of gas turbine
The work output by the gas turbine is W n By specific work W of turbine T Specific work W of air compressor C Calculated and kept unchanged.
W n ＝W T -W C ＝c pg (T 3 * -T 4 * )-c p (T 2 * -T 1 * ) (1)
Wherein the constant pressure specific heat capacity c of air p And the constant pressure specific heat capacity c of the fuel pg The method can be obtained by inquiring an engineering mechanics ideal gas ratio constant pressure heat capacity meter, and specifically by the following formula:
constant pressure specific heat capacity c of air p Can be calculated by the following formula (a, b, c, d is a constant related to the gas type, T is the temperature of the gas, R g Gas constant):
c p ＝(a+bT+cT 2 +dT 3 )R g (6)
constant pressure specific heat capacity c of fuel gas pg Can be calculated from the following formula (wherein a is 1 、b 1 、c 1 、d 1 、a 2 、b 2 、c 2 、d 2 Are constants related to the gas species, T represents the temperature of the fuel gas, f is the ratio of the mass flow rate of the fuel to the mass flow rate of the air):
the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine is eta gt From the calorific value H of the fuel u The ratio f of the mass flow of fuel and the mass flow of air is calculated to:
consumption of fuel Q m By power W of the generator set f Heating value H of fuel u Thermal efficiency η of gas turbine gt The heat consumption rate q of the generator set is calculated to obtain:
the behavior of the fuel of the combustion engine with the operation time is shown in fig. 3.
(4) Calculating the optimal water washing period of the gas turbine
Cost W of gas turbine annual water washing 2 The cost of each water washing is W 1 And the number of water washing times n:
W 2 ＝W 1 ·n (7)
the gas turbine incurs an increased cost W each year due to the decrease in compressor efficiency 3 Cost W of water washing per year, which is determined by price u of natural gas, number n of water washing 2 And fuel consumption Q m The calculation results are that:
the consumption amounts of the different fuels according to the operation time are specifically as follows:
| run time (h) | T 1 *(K) | T 2 *(K) | T 3 *(K) | T 4 *(K) | Fuel consumption (m) 3 /h) |
| 0 | 288.15 | 777.7 | 1435 | 933 | 31146 |
| 100 | 288.15 | 772.9 | 1442 | 938 | 31565 |
| 200 | 288.15 | 768.1 | 1449 | 942 | 31957 |
| 300 | 288.15 | 765.7 | 1455 | 946 | 32278 |
| 400 | 288.15 | 763.3 | 1460 | 949 | 32523 |
| 500 | 288.15 | 758.4 | 1469 | 955 | 32703 |
| 600 | 288.15 | 755.6 | 1473 | 958 | 32953 |
| 700 | 288.15 | 753.6 | 1479 | 962 | 33211 |
| 800 | 288.15 | 751.2 | 1484 | 965 | 33489 |
| 900 | 288.15 | 748.8 | 1490 | 969 | 33749 |
| 1000 | 288.15 | 746.4 | 1493 | 971 | 33994 |
| 1100 | 288.15 | 744 | 1493 | 972 | 34116 |
| 1200 | 288.15 | 741.5 | 1502 | 977 | 34338 |
According to the increased cost W 3 And (5) obtaining the optimal washing cycle of the gas turbine according to the curve relation of the number n of the washing times per year.
As can be seen from fig. 4, the optimal water wash cycle of the gas turbine is approximately 9 times per year, which ensures that the additional operating costs of the gas turbine are minimal.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
Claims (3)
1. The method for obtaining the optimal washing cycle of the gas turbine is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1 collecting the total inlet temperature T of a gas compressor in a gas turbine 1 * And the total temperature T of the outlet 2 * And the inlet total temperature T of a turbine in a gas turbine 3 * And the total temperature T of the outlet 4 * ；
2, according to the gas turbine, outputting work W outwards n And the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine is eta gt Acquiring the fuel consumption of the gas turbine;
2.1 according to the specific work W of the turbine T Specific work W of air compressor C The calculated outward output work of the gas turbine is W n The specific calculation formula is as follows:
W n ＝W T -W C ＝c pg (T 3 * -T 4 * )-c p (T 2 * -T 1 * ) (1)
wherein c pg C is the constant pressure specific heat capacity of the fuel p The constant pressure specific heat capacity of the air;
2.2, according to the gas turbine, the work W is output outwards n Heating value H of fuel u The ratio f of the mass flow of the fuel to the mass flow of the air is calculated to obtain the thermal efficiency eta of the gas turbine gt The specific calculation formula is as follows:
2.3 according to the power W of the generator set in the gas turbine f Heat rate q of generator set, heat value H of fuel u Thermal efficiency η of a gas turbine gt Calculating the consumption Q of the fuel of the gas turbine m The specific calculation formula is as follows:
in the step 2, the constant pressure specific heat capacity c of the fuel pg The specific formula is as follows:
wherein a is 1 、b 1 、c 1 、d 1 、a 2 、b 2 、c 2 、d 2 Are all constant, T is the temperature of the fuel, R g Is a gas constant;
in the step 2, the constant pressure specific heat capacity c of the air p The specific formula is as follows:
c p ＝(a+bT+cT 2 +dT 3 )R g (6)
wherein a, b, c, d is constant, T is the temperature of air, R g Is a gas constant;
3, according to the price u of natural gas, the number n of water washing per year and the cost W of water washing per year 2 Consumption of fuel Q m The annual gas turbine cost W due to efficiency degradation is calculated 3 The specific formula is as follows:
according to the increased cost W 3 And (5) obtaining the optimal washing cycle of the gas turbine according to the curve relation of the number n of the washing times per year.
2. The method for obtaining an optimal water wash cycle of a gas turbine according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, the inlet total temperature T of the air compressor is respectively acquired through thermometers arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the air compressor 1 * And the total temperature T of the outlet 2 * And collecting the total inlet temperature T of the turbine by a thermometer method installed at the inlet and the outlet of the turbine respectively 3 * And the total temperature T of the outlet 4 * 。
3. The method for obtaining an optimal water wash cycle of a gas turbine according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 3, the cost W of each water washing is used 1 And the number of times of washing n to obtain the cost W of washing per year 2 The specific relation is as follows:
W 2 ＝W 1 ·n (7)。
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| EP3187697A1 (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-07-05 | General Electric Company | Gas turbine water wash methods and systems |
| CN108053109A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-18 | 长春工程学院 | A kind of distributed energy generating set energy efficiency evaluating method |
| CN110056544A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-07-26 | 马文德 | A kind of compressor most preferably washes period acquisition methods |
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| JP2005133583A (en) * | 2003-10-29 | 2005-05-26 | Hitachi Ltd | Gas turbine cleaning time determining device and method |
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| CN103593570A (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2014-02-19 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Method for determining optimal offline washing period of gas turbine |
| EP3187697A1 (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-07-05 | General Electric Company | Gas turbine water wash methods and systems |
| CN108053109A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-18 | 长春工程学院 | A kind of distributed energy generating set energy efficiency evaluating method |
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