CN111024583A - Simple method for testing porosity of porous material - Google Patents
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- CN111024583A CN111024583A CN201911399644.1A CN201911399644A CN111024583A CN 111024583 A CN111024583 A CN 111024583A CN 201911399644 A CN201911399644 A CN 201911399644A CN 111024583 A CN111024583 A CN 111024583A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000326 densiometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010603 microCT Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010003694 Atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002749 Bacterial cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000037444 atrophy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005016 bacterial cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a simple method for testing porosity of a porous material, which comprises the following steps: cutting a sheet sample with a proper size, measuring the thickness of the sample to be delta, attaching a waterproof transparent adhesive tape on one side of the sample, placing the sample on a horizontal desktop with the side attached with the adhesive tape facing downwards, dropping a drop of pure water with the mass of m and the volume of V (m/rho, rho is the density of water) on the side of the sample which is not attached with the waterproof adhesive tape by using a rubber head dropper, observing the seepage process of water on the surface of the sample by using a microscope-CCD-computer system, and shooting to obtain a circular seepage area picture with the radius of R of the water in the sample when the water drops completely permeate into the sheet porous material sample after a sufficient time. The percolation time is long enough and the volume of water V fills the pores of the whole percolation region, according to the formula:
the porosity of the sample is calculated η. the porosity testing method provided by the invention has simple and feasible testing process,Is convenient. In addition, the consumption of instruments and materials used in the test process is low in cost, high in cost performance and strong in practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of material technical detection, in particular to a simple method for measuring porosity.
Background
Porosity is the ratio of the volume of all the voids within the porous medium to the total volume of the porous medium (porosity as referred to herein refers to the effective porosity). The porosity is used for representing the porosity or compactness of the porous medium, and has important influence on the heat conduction and electric conduction coefficient, the strength and toughness, the air permeability, the water absorbability and the like of the material.
At present, the traditional and novel methods for measuring the porosity of the porous material include a density measurement drainage method, a gas adsorption method (BET method), a mercury intrusion method, a scanning electron microscope SEM method, a transmission electron microscope TEM method, a Micro-computer tomography Micro-CT and the like. There are many porosity measurement methods available today, but each has its applicability and disadvantages, such as: densitometry drainage is well suited for the determination of total porosity of a scaffold that is easily penetrated into the interstices of a material using water as a non-wetting solvent without causing swelling or atrophy of the material, whereas for hydrophilic materials such as bacterial cellulose, which are easily swollen by water, the porosity of the material is not accurately measured by densitometry drainage; the gas adsorption method (BET method) is commonly used for determining the porosity of the catalyst, but the method only measures open pores, has an effective range of 0.4-100nm and takes a long time; mercury porosimetry is generally used for the determination of pore size and pore size distribution, porosimetry is expensive and mercury contamination is caused by using mercury as a non-wetting solvent; the measuring method is simple, convenient and quick by adopting a scanning electron microscope SEM method, a transmission electron microscope TEM method and a Micro-computer tomography Micro-CT method, but the investment of the instrument is large, and the measurement of the porosity is too expensive.
Because the hydrophilic porous material is easy to absorb water and swell, the porosity of the hydrophilic porous material cannot be accurately measured by the conventional method, and the instrument investment cost required by the existing new technical method is high. Therefore, the invention provides a simple method capable of accurately measuring the porosity of a hydrophilic material, which is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Against the background of the above, the present invention provides a method for measuring porosity, which can solve the disadvantages existing in the existing methods, and the method is simple in measurement process and strong in practical operability, and actually solves the practical problem that the existing method is too bulky in terms of test instruments and consumables, and is particularly practical for measuring the porosity of hydrophilic porous materials.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a simplified method of testing the porosity of a porous material, the method comprising:
cutting a sheet sample with proper size and uniform thickness, and measuring the thickness delta of the sample; sticking a waterproof transparent adhesive tape on one side of the sample, and placing the sample on a horizontal desktop with the side stuck with the adhesive tape facing downwards;
and (3) dropping a drop of pure water with the mass of m by using a rubber head dropper on one surface of the sample which is not attached with the waterproof adhesive tape, simultaneously observing the seepage process of the water on the surface of the sample by using a microscope-CCD-computer system, and shooting to obtain a circular seepage area picture of the water with the radius of R in the sample when the water drops completely penetrate into the thin porous material sample after a sufficient long time.
Weighing the mass m of the water drop by using a precise electronic scale, and calculating the volume V of the water drop according to a formula V which is m/rho, wherein rho is the density of the water drop, namely the density of water in the experimental process;
according to the formula:
the porosity of the porous material is calculated η.
Wherein the porous material is a hydrophilic porous material.
Wherein, the water drop with the mass m is weighed, and the operation steps are as follows: weighing the weight m of a dropper with a certain amount of water by a precise electronic scale1Then, after dropping a drop of water to the surface of the sample by a dropper, the total weight m of the water and the dropper is weighed2Then the mass of the water drop can be made from m ═ m1–m2And (6) calculating.
Wherein ρ is the density of water.
Through the technical scheme, the method canCompared with the prior art, the invention discloses a method for testing the porosity of a porous material, which comprises the steps of observing the seepage process of water on the surface of a sample by using a microscope-CCD-computer system, and shooting to obtain a circular seepage area picture with the radius of R of the water in the sample when water drops completely penetrate into a thin porous material sample after a sufficient long time. The percolation time is long enough and the volume of water V fills the pores of the whole percolation region, according to the formula:
and η, the porosity of the sample is calculated, and the porosity testing method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple, feasible and convenient testing process, low cost in consumption of instruments and materials in the testing process, high cost performance and strong practicability.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief description of the drawings required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings provided without inventive labor.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for testing porosity in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
For citation and clarity, the description, shorthand or abbreviation of terminology used hereinafter is summarized as follows:
porosity: the ratio of the volume of pores and voids in a volume of solid (pore volume) to the total volume occupied by it can be determined.
Hydrophilicity: "hydrophilic" is interpreted in english: (ii) a hydraulic property; hydrophyllicity, refers to a molecule with polar groups that has a greater affinity for water, can attract water molecules, or is readily soluble in water.
Seepage flow: percolation refers to the flow of fluid through a porous medium.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention discloses a method for testing porosity of a porous material, which comprises the steps of observing the seepage process of water on the surface of a sample by using a microscope-CCD-computer system, and shooting to obtain a circular seepage area picture with the radius of R of the water in the sample when water drops completely penetrate into a thin porous material sample after a sufficient long time. The percolation time is long enough and the volume of water V fills the pores of the whole percolation region, according to the formula:
and η, the porosity of the sample is calculated, and the porosity testing method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple, feasible and convenient testing process, low cost in consumption of instruments and materials in the testing process, high cost performance and strong practicability.
The instruments and solutions used in the process of the method of the invention: microscope-CCD-computer system, precision balance (± 0.1 mg); precision thickness gauges (+/-0.1 μm); and (4) distilled water.
Referring to FIG. 1, a flow chart of a method for testing porosity of a porous material according to the present invention is shown;
step 101: cutting a sheet sample with proper size and uniform thickness, and measuring the thickness delta of the sample; sticking a waterproof transparent adhesive tape on one side of the sample, and placing the sample on a horizontal desktop with the side stuck with the adhesive tape facing downwards;
step 102: and (3) dropping a drop of pure water with the mass of m by using a rubber head dropper on one surface of the sample which is not attached with the waterproof adhesive tape, simultaneously observing the seepage process of the water on the surface of the sample by using a microscope-CCD-computer system, and shooting to obtain a circular seepage area picture of the water with the radius of R in the sample when the water drops completely penetrate into the thin porous material sample after a sufficient long time.
Step 103: weighing the mass m of the water drop by using a precise electronic scale, and calculating the volume V of the water drop according to a formula V which is m/rho, wherein rho is the density of the water drop, namely the density of water in the experimental process;
step 104: according to the formula:
the porosity of the porous material is calculated η.
Wherein the porous material is a hydrophilic porous material.
Wherein, the water drop with the weighing mass m specifically comprises the following components: weighing the weight m of a dropper with a certain amount of water by a precise electronic scale1Then, after dropping a drop of water to the surface of the sample by a dropper, the total weight m of the water and the dropper is weighed2Then m ═ m1–m2。
Where V is the volume of the water droplet, which can be calculated from the formula V ═ m/ρ, where ρ is the density of the water.
In summary, the following steps: the invention discloses a method for testing porosity of a porous material, which comprises the steps of observing the seepage process of water on the surface of a sample by using a microscope-CCD-computer system, and shooting to obtain a circular seepage area picture with the radius of R of the water in the sample when water drops completely penetrate into a thin porous material sample after a sufficient long time. The percolation time is long enough, and the water with volume V occupies the pores of the whole percolation region according to the formula:
and η, the porosity of the sample is calculated, and the porosity testing method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple, feasible and convenient testing process, low cost in consumption of instruments and materials in the testing process, high cost performance and strong practicability.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. A simple method for testing the porosity of a porous material, characterized in that the porosity of the porous material is determined by the phenomenon of water seepage, the method comprising:
step 1: cutting a sheet sample with proper size and uniform thickness, and measuring the thickness delta of the sample; sticking a waterproof transparent adhesive tape on one side of the sample, and placing the sample on a horizontal desktop with the side stuck with the adhesive tape facing downwards;
step 2: dropping a drop of purified water with mass m by using a rubber head dropper on one surface of the sample which is not pasted with the waterproof adhesive tape, simultaneously observing the seepage process of the water on the surface of the sample by using a microscope-CCD-computer system, and shooting to obtain a circular seepage area photo of the water with radius R in the sample when the water drops completely penetrate into the thin porous material sample after a sufficient long time;
and step 3: weighing the mass m of the water drop by using a precise electronic scale, and calculating the volume V of the water drop according to a formula V which is m/rho, wherein rho is the density of the water drop, namely the density of water in the experimental process;
and 4, step 4: according to the formula:
the porosity of the porous material is calculated η.
2. A simple method for testing the porosity of a porous material according to claim 1, characterized in that the porous material is a hydrophilic porous material.
3. The simple method for testing the porosity of the porous material according to claim 1, wherein the water drop with mass m is weighed, and the water drop mass weighing operation comprises the following steps: is weighed by a precise electronic scale and is suckedWeight m of dropper for measuring water1Then, after dropping a drop of water to the surface of the sample by a dropper, the total weight m of the water and the dropper is weighed2Then the mass of the water drop is defined by m ═ m1–m2And (6) calculating.
4. The simple method for testing the porosity of a porous material as claimed in claim 1, wherein a microscope-CCD-computer system is used to observe the seepage process of water on the surface of the sample, and a sufficient time is required to allow water drops to completely penetrate into the thin porous material sample, so that a circular seepage area of water in the sample can be photographed, and the radius R of the seepage area can be measured.
5. The simple method for testing the porosity of the porous material as claimed in claim 1, wherein V is the volume of water drops and is calculated as V-m/p, wherein p is the density of water.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112098301A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-18 | 国联汽车动力电池研究院有限责任公司 | Method for testing porosity of diaphragm |
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