CN111024363A - Model and method for measuring six-component wave load of hull section - Google Patents
Model and method for measuring six-component wave load of hull section Download PDFInfo
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- CN111024363A CN111024363A CN201911211081.9A CN201911211081A CN111024363A CN 111024363 A CN111024363 A CN 111024363A CN 201911211081 A CN201911211081 A CN 201911211081A CN 111024363 A CN111024363 A CN 111024363A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M10/00—Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/16—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
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Abstract
The invention discloses a model and a method for measuring six-component wave load of a hull section, wherein the model comprises a hull module and a load measuring module; the hull module comprises a segmented hull, a transverse bulkhead and a segmented deck; after the ship hull is scaled according to the geometric shape of a real ship, the ship hull is broken at a load measurement section to form a plurality of segmented ship hulls; the sectional ship shell is provided with a transverse bulkhead at the end section, and the transverse bulkhead penetrates through the transverse section of the sectional ship shell; a segmented deck is arranged above each segmented hull; the load measuring module comprises a strong transverse plate and a force measuring sensor; the strong transverse plates are arranged at the outer ends of the transverse bulkhead of each sectional ship shell, and three force measuring sensors are arranged between two adjacent strong transverse plates at the sections. The invention adopts the articulated sectional model, and three-component force sensors are reasonably arranged at the cuts of the cross section of the ship body, so that all six-component force (moment) of the cross section of the ship body can be accurately measured and calculated. The invention relates to the technical field of ship tests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ship tests, in particular to a model and a method for measuring six-component wave load of a hull section.
Background
Ships sailing at sea have considerable time in rough seas throughout their service life. Wave loads are the most important of all external environmental loads (including wind, wave, current, etc.) acting on the hull structure. The reasonable forecast of the load response of the ship under the action of waves is necessary and is a key task for evaluating the safety of the ship structure. The wave-induced section load of the hull beam comprises forces along three coordinate axis directions (namely, axial force, vertical shear force and horizontal shear force) and moments around the three coordinate axes (namely, vertical bending moment, horizontal bending moment and torque).
The ship wave load test is an effective method for predicting the stress condition of a ship in waves. The ship wave load test can be divided into a real ship test and a model test. The actual ship test can be generally carried out after the ship is built, a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources are consumed, and the actual ship test under severe sea conditions can also pose certain threats to the safety of a ship structure and testers. The model test has the advantages of low cost, short period, high controllability and the like, and can accurately simulate the motion and wave load of a real ship under different sea conditions, so that the model test is widely adopted.
The ship model wave load test is generally developed in a water pool laboratory by adopting a segmented ship model, the ship model is obtained by converting real ship parameters according to a certain similarity law, and waves are generated by wave maker simulation. In a traditional test scheme, the ship model is segmented, keel beams are arranged inside a ship shell to connect the segments, and strain gauges are arranged on the keel beams to measure section loads (such as bending moment, shearing force, torque and the like) borne by the ship model. The keel beam with the rectangular cross section is generally adopted, the vertical bending moment and the horizontal bending moment of the cross section of the hull can be accurately measured based on a full-bridge circuit, but the loads such as torque and the like are difficult to measure. The keel beam with the circular section can accurately measure the torque, but is difficult to measure the loads such as axial force, shearing force and the like. In summary, it is difficult to measure all six component (moment) wave loads of a hull section through a keel beam. Since the vertical bending moment of midship cross section is a critical load affecting the strength of the hull, it is common practice to measure only the vertical bending moment on the keel beam. However, the other five components (moments) of the hull section also contribute to the total load of the hull, and the reasonable prediction of the total six components (moments) of the hull section induced by the wave load has important value and significance for the structural strength evaluation of the hull.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art and provides a model for measuring the six-component wave load of a ship hull section, which can accurately measure and calculate all six-component force (moment) of the ship hull section.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method for measuring the six-component wave load of a hull section.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a model for measuring six-component wave load of a hull section comprises a hull module and a load measuring module; the hull module comprises a segmented hull, a transverse bulkhead and a segmented deck; after the ship hull is scaled according to the geometric shape of a real ship, the ship hull is broken at a load measurement section to form a plurality of segmented ship hulls; the sectional ship shell is provided with a transverse bulkhead at the end section, and the transverse bulkhead penetrates through the transverse section of the sectional ship shell; a segmented deck is arranged above each segmented hull; the load measuring module comprises a strong transverse plate and a force measuring sensor; the strong transverse plates are arranged at the outer ends of the transverse bulkhead of each sectional ship shell, and three force measuring sensors are arranged between two adjacent strong transverse plates at the sections.
As a preferred technical scheme, the strong transverse plate is a steel plate with an inverted triangular outline, and the force sensors are arranged at three corners of the steel plate.
According to a preferable technical scheme, the strong transverse plate is provided with a strong transverse plate opening hole, the transverse bulkhead is provided with a transverse bulkhead opening hole corresponding to the strong transverse plate opening hole, and the bolt is connected with the strong transverse plate and the transverse bulkhead through the strong transverse plate opening hole and the transverse bulkhead opening hole.
As a preferred technical scheme, the strong transverse plate is provided with an internal thread hole, the force sensor is provided with a force sensor opening corresponding to the force sensor, and the bolt is connected with the force sensor and the strong transverse plate through the force sensor opening and the internal thread hole.
As a preferred technical solution, the geometric centroid of the strongly horizontal plate is located at the height of the neutral axis of the model.
As the preferred technical scheme, the subsections of the adjacent subsection ship shells are connected and sealed by silica gel sealing strips. The silica gel sealing strip has good elasticity, and does not influence the stress condition when the deformation occurs between the two adjacent segmental hulls caused by the deformation of the load measuring module. In addition, the silica gel sealing strip can play the watertight role, and prevent water from entering the inside of the ship body from the slit.
As a preferable technical scheme, concave striations are symmetrically arranged on the outer surfaces of the side and the bottom of the adjacent segmented hulls near the segmented positions and used for adhering silica gel sealing strips.
As a preferred technical scheme, the model further comprises a propulsion system module, the propulsion system module comprises a motor, a propeller shaft, a propeller and a steering engine, the motor is installed at the stern of the ship body, one end of the propeller shaft is connected with the motor, the other end of the propeller shaft is connected with the propeller, and the steering engine is installed at the stern and is located right behind the propeller.
As a preferable technical scheme, the motor is connected with the propeller shaft through a universal joint. The universal joint has good transmission effect, and can reduce transmission efficiency reduction and energy loss caused by installation errors of a motor shaft and a propeller shaft.
The other purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a method for measuring six-component wave load of a hull section comprises the following steps:
arranging transverse bulkheads at the end sections of the segmented hulls, wherein the transverse bulkheads penetrate through the transverse sections of the segmented hulls; the outer end of the transverse bulkhead of each segmental hull is provided with a strong transverse plate, and three force sensors are arranged between the adjacent strong transverse plates; the forces Fx, Fy and Fz along the three coordinate axes and the moments Mx, My and Mz around the three coordinate axes at the load measuring section can be calculated by the following formula:
Mx＝-(Fy1+Fy2)·z1-Fy3·z2
My＝(Fx1+Fx2)·z1+Fx3·z3
Mz＝(Fx2-Fx1)·y1
wherein y isiAnd zi(i 1-3) represents the coordinate positions of the three sensors on the y-axis and the z-axis, respectively, and Fxi、Fyi、FziAnd (i is 1-3) respectively representing the measuring forces of the three sensors in the directions of an x axis, a y axis and a z axis, defining that the tensile force in the direction of the x axis measured by the force measuring sensors is positive, the pressure force is negative, and the forces in the directions of the y axis and the z axis are positive and negative along corresponding coordinate axes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts the articulated sectional model, and three-component force sensors are reasonably arranged at the cuts of the cross section of the ship body, so that all six-component force (moment) of the cross section of the ship body can be accurately measured and calculated.
2. The articulated segmented model is simple to design and process, the three-component force sensor can be directly purchased in the market, and the designed load measuring module can be directly installed on different hulls for test measurement, so that the efficiency of model processing and manufacturing is greatly improved. The complex processes that keel beams need to be adopted and strain gages need to be adhered automatically in the traditional segmented keel beam type ship model machining process are avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional perspective view in the overall arrangement of a mold in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an external structural view of the overall arrangement of a model in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an internal structure of the overall arrangement of the model in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a connection at a cut of a mold segment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a partial view of a model stern portion according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a propulsion system module in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an assembly drawing of a midship section load measuring module of a model in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a front view of an embodiment of the present invention with a strong cross plate connected to a cross bulkhead;
FIG. 9 is a front view of a load measurement module in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is an assembly view of a load measurement module in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a load cell in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a diagram of a hull coordinate system definition in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 13 is a numbered view of a load cell in an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: 1: segmented hull, 2: transverse bulkhead, 3: segmented deck, 4: notch gap, 5: concave streak, 6: silica gel sealing strip, 7: transverse bulkhead opening, 8: strong transverse plate, 9: load cell, 10: strong horizontal plate opening, 11: bolt, 12: female screw hole, 13: load cell opening, 14: bolt, 15: motor, 16: paddle shaft, 17: propeller, 18: steering engine, 19: universal joint, 20: shaft sheath, 21: shaft support, #1- # 3: and numbering the load cells.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the model for measuring the six-component wave load of the hull section comprises a hull module, a load measuring module and a propulsion system module.
The hull module includes a segmented hull, transverse bulkheads, and a segmented deck. The geometric shape of the model shell is obtained by scaling according to the real ship model line information, the model is cut and segmented at the load measurement section, and the hull in the width range of the cut is removed. The purpose of the slit is to prevent the load measuring module from elastically deforming to cause contact or collision between two adjacent sections of the hull. In this embodiment, the wave load measurement is performed on a ship model, the model is equally divided into 4 sections along the ship length direction, the ship body is disconnected at the ship length positions away from the stem 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4, and the wave loads at the three sections are measured.
Transverse bulkheads are fixed to the cross-section of the hull near the cut-outs, the transverse bulkheads extending through the cross-section of the segmented hull to increase the degree of rigid fixation to the hull. The transverse bulkheads are integrated with the segmented hulls during the ship model processing stage. The transverse bulkhead is used for installing the load measuring module and completely transmitting the fluid force and the inertia force received by the segmented hull to the load measuring module. The segmented decks are arranged above the segmented hulls, and a cut gap with a certain width is reserved between the adjacent decks. The deck is used for preventing waves from entering the inside of the ship body when the deck waves occur in the test process. The ship shell and the deck at the section cut are sealed by the silica gel sealing strips, and the silica gel sealing strips have good elasticity and do not influence the stress condition caused by deformation of the load measuring module when the adjacent two sections of ship shells deform. In addition, the silica gel sealing strip can play the watertight role, and prevent water from entering the inside of the ship body from the slit. The edge of the outer surface of the segmented hull, which is close to the notch gap, is provided with a concave streak for arranging and sticking a silica gel sealing strip. The depth of the concave striations is equal to the thickness of the silica gel sealing strip, and the smooth curved surface of the outer surface of the hull can be ensured after the silica gel sealing strip is pasted, so that the consistency of the flow field around the hull and the actual situation is ensured.
The load measuring module comprises a strong transverse plate and a force measuring sensor. The strong transverse plate is arranged at the outer end of the transverse bulkhead of each segmented hull, a strong transverse plate opening is arranged on the strong transverse plate, a transverse bulkhead opening corresponding to the strong transverse plate opening is arranged on the transverse bulkhead, and the bolt is connected with the strong transverse plate and the transverse bulkhead through the strong transverse plate opening and the transverse bulkhead opening. In this embodiment, the strong transverse plates are steel plates with inverted triangular outlines, the force sensors are mounted at three corners of the steel plates, and the three force sensors are clamped between the two strong transverse plates for fixed mounting. The strong transverse plate is provided with an internal thread hole, the force sensor is provided with a force sensor opening corresponding to the force sensor, and the bolt is connected with the force sensor and the strong transverse plate through the force sensor opening and the internal thread hole. The three load cells are capable of measuring axial forces in three directions on their central axes. The geometric centroid of the strong transverse plate is located at the neutral axis height of the model.
The propulsion system module comprises a motor, a propeller shaft, a propeller and a steering engine. The motor is fixedly arranged at the stern part of the ship body and used for providing navigation power. The propeller shaft is used for transmitting the output torque of the motor inside the ship body to the propeller outside the ship body, one end of the propeller shaft is connected with the motor, and the other end of the propeller shaft is connected with the propeller. The motor is connected with the paddle shaft through the universal joint, so that the reduction of transmission efficiency and energy loss caused by the installation error of the motor shaft and the paddle shaft can be reduced. A shaft wrap is mounted at the point where the shaft passes through the hull of the vessel for providing support and guidance to the shaft. The outer part of the ship body is provided with a shaft support for supporting a propeller shaft extending out of the outer part of the ship body, and the upper end of the shaft support is embedded and fixed in the ship shell. The steering engine is arranged on the stern and is positioned right behind the propeller and used for controlling the course of the ship model. The present embodiment adopts a double-oar and double-rudder ship type.
As shown in fig. 12, in the definition of the right-hand coordinate system o-xyz, the barycentric position of the ship is taken as the origin o, the ox axis points to the bow, the oy axis points to the port, the oz axis points to the sky, and the cross section is a hull section parallel to the yoz plane. The method for calculating six component forces and moment at the load measurement section by using the model of the invention comprises the following steps:
in a certain section, the mounting positions of three load cells (i 1 to 3) are shown in fig. 13, and the coordinate positions of the three load cells on the y axis and the z axis are represented by yiAnd zi(i is 1 to 3) and the forces measured by the three sensors in the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis directions are represented by Fxi、Fyi、FziAnd (i) is 1 to 3. The tensile force in the x-axis direction measured by the force cell is defined as positive, the pressure force is defined as negative, and the forces in the y-axis and z-axis directions along the corresponding coordinate axes are defined as positive and negative in the reverse direction.
From this, the six components (moments) of the hull section can be calculated as:
Mx＝-(Fy1+Fy2)·z1-Fy3·z2
My＝(Fx1+Fx2)·z1+Fx3·z3
Mz＝(Fx2-Fx1)·y1
wherein Fx, Fy and Fz are forces along three coordinate axes, namely axial force, horizontal shearing force and vertical shearing force; mx, My and Mz are moments around three coordinate axes, namely torque, vertical bending moment and horizontal bending moment.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A model for measuring six-component wave load of a hull section is characterized by comprising a hull module and a load measuring module;
the hull module comprises a segmented hull, a transverse bulkhead and a segmented deck; after the ship hull is scaled according to the geometric shape of a real ship, the ship hull is broken at a load measurement section to form a plurality of segmented ship hulls; the sectional ship shell is provided with a transverse bulkhead at the end section, and the transverse bulkhead penetrates through the transverse section of the sectional ship shell; a segmented deck is arranged above each segmented hull;
the load measuring module comprises a strong transverse plate and a force measuring sensor; the strong transverse plates are arranged at the outer ends of the transverse bulkhead of each sectional ship shell, and three force measuring sensors are arranged between two adjacent strong transverse plates at the sections.
2. The model for measuring the six-component wave load of the hull profile according to claim 1, wherein the strong cross plate is a steel plate with an inverted triangular profile, and the load cells are installed at three corners of the steel plate.
3. The model for measuring the six-component wave load of the hull section according to claim 2, wherein the strong cross plate is provided with a strong cross plate opening, the cross bulkhead is provided with a cross bulkhead opening corresponding to the strong cross plate opening, and the bolt is used for connecting the strong cross plate and the cross bulkhead through the strong cross plate opening and the cross bulkhead opening.
4. The model for measuring the six-component wave load of the hull section according to claim 2, wherein the strong cross plate is provided with an internal threaded hole, the load cell is provided with a load cell opening corresponding to the internal threaded hole, and the bolt is used for connecting the load cell and the strong cross plate through the load cell opening and the internal threaded hole.
5. The model for measuring the six-component wave load of a hull section according to claim 1, wherein the geometric centroid of the strong transverse plate is located at the neutral axis height of the model.
6. The model for measuring the six-component wave load of the hull section according to claim 1, wherein the segments of the adjacent segmented hulls are connected and sealed by using silica gel sealing strips.
7. The model for measuring the six-component wave load of the hull section according to claim 6, wherein concave scratches are symmetrically arranged on the outer surfaces of the sides and the bottom of the adjacent segmented hulls near the segments for adhering silica gel sealing strips.
8. The model for measuring the six-component wave load of the hull section according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the model further comprises a propulsion system module, the propulsion system module comprises a motor, a paddle shaft, a propeller and a steering engine, the motor is arranged at the stern of the hull, one end of the paddle shaft is connected with the motor, the other end of the paddle shaft is connected with the propeller, and the steering engine is arranged at the stern and is positioned right behind the propeller.
9. The model for measuring the six-component wave load of the hull section according to claim 8, wherein the motor and the propeller shaft are connected through a universal joint.
10. A method for measuring six-component wave load of a hull section is characterized by comprising the following steps:
arranging transverse bulkheads at the end sections of the segmented hulls, wherein the transverse bulkheads penetrate through the transverse sections of the segmented hulls; the outer end of the transverse bulkhead at the end part of each segmental hull is provided with a strong transverse plate, and three force sensors are arranged between the adjacent strong transverse plates; the forces Fx, Fy and Fz along the three coordinate axes and the moments Mx, My and Mz around the three coordinate axes at the load measuring section can be calculated by the following formula:
Mx＝-(Fy1+Fy2)·z1-Fy3·z2
My＝(Fx1+Fx2)·z1+Fx3·z3
Mz＝(Fx2-Fx1)·y1
wherein y isiAnd zi(i 1-3) y-axis sum of three sensorsCoordinate position of the z-axis, Fxi、Fyi、FziAnd (i is 1-3) respectively representing the measuring forces of the three sensors in the directions of an x axis, a y axis and a z axis, defining that the tensile force in the direction of the x axis measured by the force measuring sensors is positive, the pressure force is negative, and the forces in the directions of the y axis and the z axis are positive and negative along corresponding coordinate axes.
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| CN111380640A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-07-07 | 中国船舶科学研究中心 | Combined measuring device capable of switching bending moment and connecting load |
| CN112357004A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-02-12 | 华南理工大学 | Pilot test boat sea test system and method for testing overall performance of ship by pilot test boat sea test system |
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| CN116628838A (en) * | 2023-04-03 | 2023-08-22 | 中国船舶集团有限公司第七一九研究所 | Method and system for calculating weight center of gravity of open hole of ship body structure based on CAA development |
| CN116929702A (en) * | 2023-09-15 | 2023-10-24 | 中国人民解放军32806部队 | Aerodynamics test balance device and test method for aircraft |
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| CN116929702A (en) * | 2023-09-15 | 2023-10-24 | 中国人民解放军32806部队 | Aerodynamics test balance device and test method for aircraft |
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