CN111022037A - Early warning method for drilling mud loss - Google Patents
Early warning method for drilling mud loss Download PDFInfo
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- CN111022037A CN111022037A CN201911143147.5A CN201911143147A CN111022037A CN 111022037 A CN111022037 A CN 111022037A CN 201911143147 A CN201911143147 A CN 201911143147A CN 111022037 A CN111022037 A CN 111022037A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/10—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for early warning of drilling mud loss, which utilizes the relation between mud pool amount and time, uses a regression algorithm to fit a regression equation, divides the mud amount in the drilling process into four stages by analysis, namely a normal stage, a pump lifting stage, a loss stage and a slurry adding stage, finds mud amount change characteristics and identification methods in different stages by modeling calculation analysis, determines key parameters when mud is lost by analysis calculation, establishes a method for early warning of drilling mud loss, and can effectively and accurately early warn the mud loss condition in the drilling process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum drilling operation, and particularly relates to a drilling mud leakage early warning method.
Background
In the process of drilling operation, due to the influences of geological factors such as holes, cracks and underground riverways and process factors such as pressure difference between slurry and the ground in the drilling process, slurry leakage happens occasionally, not only is the drilling speed and the drilling quality influenced, but also huge losses in time and economy are brought, the surrounding environment of the ground is also influenced, collapse in the hole and clamping of a drilling tool are caused occasionally, drilling difficulty and the like are caused, other accidents in the hole can be caused due to improper treatment, and even the drilling hole is scrapped.
At present, by observing the amount reduction change of a mud pit, the early warning cannot be found in time or can be early warned, and the early warning can be found only after the loss occurs, so that the hysteresis quality is very high. How to predict the leakage phenomenon quickly and accurately becomes a prerequisite for solving the problem. Various detection methods exist at home and abroad, for example, sensors are used for detecting whether the temperature of different positions of a drilling well is increased linearly or not, or pressure sensors and flowmeters are used for detecting the change of pressure and flow to detect leakage, the methods are often limited by the detection environment, the leakage is detected after the leakage occurs, and the leakage monitoring is delayed; the multi-parameter modeling early warning method has complex algorithm, and the acquisition error of each parameter often influences the early warning effect and is difficult to apply on site. At present, an efficient drilling mud leakage measurement early warning method is not available.
The invention can effectively carry out accurate early warning on the mud loss condition in the drilling process by monitoring the change of the mud pit quantity along with the time and adopting a linear regression algorithm.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a drilling mud leakage early warning method, which utilizes the characteristic that the mud quantity and the time are in a linear relation under the normal condition, takes the data of a normal section as a reference section, conjectures the theoretical value of the mud quantity of an analysis section, and judges whether the mud leakage occurs or not according to the deviation of an actual value and the theoretical value.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for early warning of drilling mud loss is carried out according to the following steps:
(I) establishing a relation coordinate system of mud pit amount and time
The relation coordinate system of the mud pit amount and the time takes a vertical axis as the mud pit amount and a horizontal axis as the time; dividing the curve into a normal section, a pump lifting section, a leakage section and a slurry feeding section through the slope change of the curve; as shown in figure 1:
in the normal section, the mud pool amount gradually inclines downwards along with time, the curve is approximate to a linear straight line, and the mud is output at a constant speed;
in the pump lifting section, the mud pit amount is increased and then reduced along with time, the duration of the pump lifting section is short, and the wave crest change is not large, which represents that pump lifting is occurring;
in the loss section, the mud pool amount is suddenly reduced, and the mud reduction rate is obviously faster than that in the normal section by many times; indicating the loss of mud;
and in the slurry adding section, the amount of the slurry tank is gradually increased along with time, which represents that slurry is added into the slurry tank.
(II) calculation of the pit volume
Defining the latest half hour as an analysis segment, defining the first 1.5 hours as a reference segment, and calculating a regression coefficient k of the curve in the reference segment by using Spark linear regression algorithmReference toAnd an intercept b. The linear regression algorithm is formulated as follows:
y＝kreference tot+b
In the analysis section, the regression coefficient k of the reference section is usedReference toAnd the intercept b is substituted into a linear regression algorithm formula to calculate different time tAnalysis sectionTheoretical value y of mud pit amountTheory of the invention. The calculation of the theoretical value of the mud pit amount is disclosed as follows:
ytheory of the invention＝kReference totAnalysis section+b
If it is beforeIf the leakage or pulp adding condition can not be used as a reference section within 1.5 hours, the forward backtracking is needed to be continued until a normal section exceeding 1.5 hours appears, the normal section can not be used as a reference section, and the regression coefficient k of the curve is calculatedReference toAnd an intercept b.
(III) analysis of drilling mud loss
The drilling mud loss analysis flow is shown in figure 2.
(1) Slurry loss judgment
The judgment basis of the leakage is that the rate of the mud pit quantity is increased along with the time reduction, and the actual value is smaller than the theoretical value. According to a difference formula of an actual value and a theoretical value of the mud pit quantity:
ydifference value＝yPractice of-yTheory of the invention
Can calculate yDifference valueIf the difference y between the actual value and the theoretical valueDifference valueIf the value is less than-5, the suspected leakage is considered to occur, and the point is defined as the suspected leakage starting point. If a suspected leak lasts 15 minutes (set as an empirical parameter), it is considered to have indeed occurred.
(2) Backtracking search miss starting point
Difference y between actual value and theoretical valueDifference valueAs a basis for determining the start of the miss, the obtained suspected miss start point lags behind the actual occurrence time, and therefore, the actual miss start point needs to be searched back. Tracing back from the suspected leakage starting point to find the difference y between the first actual value and the theoretical valueDifference valueA point less than-2 is determined as the actual leak start point.
(3) Introduction of kFloatDescription of the parameters (see FIG. 3)
Due to the regression coefficient kReference toIs a theoretical calculation value, even if the analysis point is in a normal stage state, its actual regression coefficient kAnalysis pointNor may it be exactly equal to kReference toBut at kReference toThe vicinity floats. Therefore, we introduce an empirical parameter kFloatAs shown in FIG. 3, provided that k isAnalysis pointIn [ k ]Reference to-kFloat,kReference to+kFloat]Within the range, the analysis point can be considered to be in the normal segment.
(4) Determining a loss ending point
The data is changed from the missing segment to the normal segment, which means the end of the missing segment, so the start time of the next normal segment is directly used as the end time of the current missing segment. Taking an analysis base point every 15 minutes for data to be analyzed, and calculating a regression coefficient k of the data 15 minutes before and after each analysis base point by using a linear regression algorithmAnalysis pointRecording the regression coefficient k for each analysis pointAnalysis point. The end of the leak was judged by the rate at which the mud pit volume decreased with time returning to normal and lasting 120 minutes (set as an empirical parameter). If k isAnalysis pointIn [ k ]Reference to-kFloat,kReference to+kFloat]Within the range, the loss is considered to be a suspected end, and the point is determined as a loss end point. If suspected normal lasts 120 minutes (set as an empirical parameter), the leak is deemed to have indeed ended.
(IV) mud-in analysis of drilling mud
In the leakage process, the slurry adding and liquid supplementing conditions exist, so that the slurry adding process needs to be analyzed and the slurry adding condition in the leakage process needs to be fully considered.
(1) Slurry addition determination
The judgment basis of the slurry adding is that the amount of the slurry pool is gradually increased along with the time, yPractice ofShould be compared with yTheory of the inventionIs large. If the difference y between the actual value and the theoretical valueDifference valueIf the point is more than 5, the suspected adding is considered to occur, and the point is defined as a suspected adding starting point. If suspected of having been filled for 15 minutes (set as an empirical parameter), it is considered that it has indeed been filled.
(2) Backtracking and searching slurry adding starting point
Difference y between actual value and theoretical valueDifference valueAs a basis for determining the start of the slurry feeding, the obtained suspected slurry feeding start point lags behind the actual occurrence time, and therefore, the actual slurry feeding start point needs to be searched back. Tracing back from the suspected pulp adding starting point to find the difference y between the first actual value and the theoretical valueDifference valueA point greater than 2 is determined as the actual point of starting the addition of the slurry.
(3) Judging and analyzing the state after adding the slurry
The criterion for the loss period after the addition of the slurry was that the rate of decrease of the amount of the slurry pool with time was faster than the normal period and lasted for 120 minutes (set as an empirical parameter). If k isAnalysis pointAt (- ∞, k)Reference to-kFloat) Within range, the end of the slurry is considered and the data thereafter is in the drop-out segment, which is defined as the end of the slurry. If the suspected slurry addition ends for 120 minutes (set as an empirical parameter), then the slurry addition is deemed to have indeed ended and the missing segment analysis continues.
The criterion for the normal period after the addition of the slurry was that the rate of decrease of the amount of the slurry pool with time was recovered to normal and continued for 120 minutes (set as an empirical parameter). If k isAnalysis pointIn (k)Reference to-kFloat0), the slurry is considered to be finished and the data thereafter is in a normal segment, which is defined as the slurry finish point. If the suspected end of the addition lasts 120 minutes (set as an empirical parameter), then the addition is deemed to have indeed ended and normal segment analysis continues.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that: the method utilizes the relation between the mud pool amount and time, uses a regression algorithm to fit a regression equation, divides the mud amount in the drilling process into four stages through analysis, namely a normal stage, a pump lifting stage, a loss stage and a mud adding stage, finds mud amount change characteristics and identification methods in different stages through modeling calculation analysis, determines key parameters when mud is lost through analysis calculation, and establishes an early warning method for the drilling mud loss.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a graph of mud pit volume versus time.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of drilling mud loss analysis.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the introduction of k-floating parameters.
For a person skilled in the art, other relevant figures can be obtained from the above figures without inventive effort.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood, the technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
1) And setting initial time analysis, ensuring that the data of the previous 1.5 hours is normal section data when the slurry leakage early warning is started for the first time, and performing subsequent analysis by taking the section data as a reference section.
2) And judging the current analysis state and entering corresponding analysis processing. The states include: "normal section", "leakage section" and "slurry feeding section".
3) The normal segment analysis method is as follows:
step 1: calculating a regression coefficient k of a reference segment using a linear regression algorithmReference toAnd an intercept b.
Step 2: and calculating a theoretical value of the mud quantity of the analysis section.
And 3, step 3: and calculating the difference between the actual value and the theoretical value of the mud amount.
And 4, step 4: judging whether the leakage occurs
The judgment basis of the leakage is that the mud quantity decreases with time at a higher rate, and the actual value is smaller than the theoretical value. If the difference y between the actual value and the theoretical valueDifference valueIf the value is less than-5, the suspected leakage is considered to occur, and the point is defined as the suspected leakage starting point. If a suspected leak lasts 15 minutes (set as an empirical parameter), it is considered to have indeed occurred.
Difference y between actual value and theoretical valueDifference valueAs a basis for determining the start of the miss, the obtained suspected miss start point lags behind the actual occurrence time, and therefore, the actual miss start point needs to be searched back.
Tracing back from the suspected leakage starting point to find the difference y between the first actual value and the theoretical valueDifference valueA point less than-2 is determined as the actual leak start point.
And if the leakage occurs, performing the analysis processing logic of the leakage section.
And 5, step 5: judging whether pulp adding occurs or not
The judgment basis of slurry addition is that the slurry amount gradually increases along with time, and the actual value is larger than the theoretical value. If the difference between the actual value and the theoretical value is more than 5, the suspected adding is considered to occur, and the point is defined as the suspected adding starting point. If suspected of having been filled for 15 minutes (set as an empirical parameter), it is considered that it has indeed been filled.
The difference value between the actual value and the theoretical value is used as a basis for judging the starching start, and the obtained suspected starching start point lags behind the actual occurrence time, so that the actual starching start point needs to be searched back.
And tracing back from the suspected slurry adding starting point forward, finding a point with the difference value between the first actual value and the theoretical value being more than 2, and determining the point as the actual slurry adding starting point.
If the slurry feeding occurs, the analysis processing logic of the slurry feeding section is carried out.
And 6, step 6: and (4) stopping the analysis processing when no slurry adding loss occurs in the analysis section.
4) The drop-out section analysis method is as follows:
the main purpose of the drop-out section analysis is to find the end point of the drop-out. The data is changed from the missing segment to the normal segment, which means the end of the missing segment, so the start time of the next normal segment is directly used as the end time of the current missing segment.
Step 1: calculating regression coefficient k of data to be analyzed by using linear regression algorithmAnalysis point。
Step 2: the end of the leak-off was judged by the rate at which the amount of mud decreased with time returning to normal and lasting 120 minutes (set as an empirical parameter).
If k isAnalysis pointIn [ k ]Reference to-kFloat,k+kFloat]Within the range, the loss is considered to be a suspected end, and the point is determined as a loss end point. If suspected normal lasts 120 minutes (set as an empirical parameter), the leak is deemed to have indeed ended and the processing logic for normal segment analysis continues.
And 3, step 3: and if the loss of the analysis section is not finished, exiting the analysis processing.
5) The slurry addition section analysis method is as follows:
the main purpose of the slurry feeding section analysis is to analyze whether the data after the slurry feeding is finished is a normal section or a missing section.
Step 1: calculating regression coefficient k of data to be analyzed by using linear regression algorithmAnalysis point。
Step 2: the criterion for the end of the slurry addition and the subsequent data for the loss period was that the rate of decrease in the amount of slurry over time was faster than for the normal period and lasted for 120 minutes (set as an empirical parameter).
If k isAnalysis pointAt (- ∞)，kReference to-kFloat) Within range, the end of the slurry is considered and the data thereafter is in the drop-out segment, which is defined as the end of the slurry. And processing logic for performing a missing segment analysis if the suspected slurry end lasts 120 minutes (set as an empirical parameter) and the slurry is deemed to have indeed ended.
And 3, step 3: the criterion for judging that the addition of the slurry is completed and then the data is in a normal section is that the rate of decrease of the amount of the slurry with time is recovered to be normal and lasts for 120 minutes (set as an empirical parameter).
If k isAnalysis pointIn (k)Reference to-kFloat0), the slurry is considered to be finished and the data thereafter is in a normal segment, which is defined as the slurry finish point. If the suspected end of the slurry addition lasts 120 minutes (set as an empirical parameter), then the end of the slurry addition is deemed to be true and processing logic for normal segment analysis is performed.
And 4, step 4: and (4) stopping the analysis treatment if the slurry adding is not finished in the analysis section.
The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that any simple variations, modifications or other equivalent changes which can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for early warning of drilling mud loss is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, establishing a relation coordinate system of mud pit amount and time
The relation coordinate system of the mud pit amount and the time takes a vertical axis as the mud pit amount and a horizontal axis as the time; dividing the curve into a normal section, a pump lifting section, a leakage section and a slurry feeding section through the slope change of the curve;
in the normal section, the mud pool amount gradually inclines downwards along with time, the curve is approximate to a linear straight line, and the mud is output at a constant speed;
in the pump lifting section, the mud pit amount is increased and then reduced along with time, the duration of the pump lifting section is short, and the wave crest change is not large, which represents that pump lifting is occurring;
in the loss section, the mud pool amount is suddenly reduced, and the mud reduction rate is obviously faster than that in the normal section by many times; indicating the loss of mud;
in the slurry adding section, the amount of the slurry tank is gradually increased along with the time, which represents that slurry is added into the slurry tank;
(II) calculating the amount of the mud pit
Defining the latest half hour as an analysis segment, defining the first 1.5 hours as a reference segment, and calculating a regression coefficient k of the curve in the reference segment by using Spark linear regression algorithmReference toAnd intercept b, the linear regression algorithm is formulated as follows:
y＝kreference tot+b
In the analysis section, the regression coefficient k of the reference section is usedReference toAnd the intercept b is substituted into a linear regression algorithm formula to calculate different time tAnalysis sectionTheoretical value y of mud pit amountTheory of the inventionThe calculation of the theoretical value of the mud pit amount is disclosed as follows:
ytheory of the invention＝kReference totAnalysis section+b
Calculating the regression coefficient k of the curveReference toAnd an intercept b;
step (III) analysis of drilling mud loss
(1) Slurry loss judgment
According to a difference formula of an actual value and a theoretical value of the mud pit quantity:
ydifference value＝yPractice of-yTheory of the invention
Calculate yDifference valueIf the difference y between the actual value and the theoretical valueDifference valueIf the suspected loss is less than-5, the suspected loss is considered to occur, the point is defined as a suspected loss starting point, and if the suspected loss is sustainedAfter 15 minutes (set as an empirical parameter), it is considered to be indeed missed;
(2) backtracking search miss starting point
Tracing back from the suspected leakage starting point to find the difference y between the first actual value and the theoretical valueDifference valueA point less than-2 is determined as an actual leak starting point;
(3) determining a loss ending point
Taking an analysis base point every 15 minutes for the analysis data, and calculating a regression coefficient k of the data 15 minutes before and after each analysis base point by using a linear regression algorithmAnalysis pointRecording the regression coefficient k for each analysis pointAnalysis point(ii) a The basis for judging the end of the leakage is that the rate of the decrease of the mud pit amount along with the time is recovered to be normal and lasts for 120 minutes, if k isAnalysis pointIn [ k ]Reference to-kFloat,kReference to+kFloat]If the leakage is suspected to be normal and lasts 120 minutes, the leakage is considered to be really finished;
step (IV) mud-in-mud analysis of drilling mud
(1) Slurry addition determination
If the difference y between the actual value and the theoretical valueDifference valueIf the time is more than 5, the suspected adding is considered to occur, the point is defined as a suspected adding starting point, and if the suspected adding lasts for 15 minutes, the suspected adding is considered to actually occur;
(2) backtracking and searching slurry adding starting point
Tracing back from the suspected pulp adding starting point to find the difference y between the first actual value and the theoretical valueDifference valueA point greater than 2 is determined as the actual slurry adding starting point;
(3) judging and analyzing the state after adding the slurry
The criterion for judging the loss section after adding slurry is that the rate of the decrease of the mud pit amount along with the time is faster than that of the normal section and lasts for 120 minutes, if k isAnalysis pointAt (- ∞, k)Reference to-kFloat) Within range, the end of the slurry is considered and the data thereafter is in a drop-out segment, which is defined as the end of slurry point, and if the suspected end of slurry lasts 120 minutes, the end of slurry is considered to be true, followed by the end of slurryAnalyzing a continuous loss section;
the criterion of the normal section after slurry adding is that the rate of the decrease of the amount of the slurry pool along with the time is recovered to be normal and lasts for 120 minutes. If k isAnalysis pointIn (k)Reference to-kFloat0), considering that the slurry adding is suspected to be finished and the subsequent data is in a normal section, wherein the point is defined as a slurry adding end point; if the suspected adding of pulp ends for 120 minutes, the adding of pulp is considered to be really finished, and the analysis of the normal section is continued.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in the calculation of the mud pit amount in the step (two), if the leakage or mud adding condition can not be used as a reference section in the first 1.5 hours, the forward backtracking is needed until a normal section exceeding 1.5 hours appears, and the normal section can not be used as the reference section.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in the step (III) of analysis of the loss of drilling mud, the difference y between the actual value and the theoretical valueDifference valueLess than-5 for 15 minutes, then the first y is forwardDifference valueThe point less than-2 is the leak start point.
4. A method of warning of loss of drilling mud as claimed in claim 1, wherein: k isAnalysis pointIn [ k ]Reference to-kFloat,kReference to+kFloat]When within range, the analysis point is considered to be in the normal segment.
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