CN111020306B - Aluminum alloy manufacturing method, aluminum alloy and mobile phone - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy manufacturing method, aluminum alloy and mobile phone Download PDFInfo
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- CN111020306B CN111020306B CN201911367158.1A CN201911367158A CN111020306B CN 111020306 B CN111020306 B CN 111020306B CN 201911367158 A CN201911367158 A CN 201911367158A CN 111020306 B CN111020306 B CN 111020306B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/18—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with zinc
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
- H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
- H04M1/0202—Portable telephone sets, e.g. cordless phones, mobile phones or bar type handsets
- H04M1/026—Details of the structure or mounting of specific components
Abstract
The invention relates to an aluminum alloy manufacturing method, an aluminum alloy and a mobile phone, which comprises the following steps: providing an ingot, wherein the ingot comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.90wt% -1.1 wt% of Mg0.90wt% -1.1 wt%, 0.6 wt% -1.0 wt% of Si0.5wt% -1.0 wt%, less than or equal to 0.15 wt% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.02 wt% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.10 wt% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% of Zr, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% of Zn, and the balance of Al; heating the cast ingot to 480-520 ℃ within 2-12 h, and carrying out first-stage heat preservation for 2-12 h; heating the ingot after the first-stage heat preservation to 540-570 ℃, and carrying out second-stage heat preservation for 4-10 h; heating the ingot after the second-stage heat preservation to 570-585 ℃, and carrying out third-stage heat preservation for 2-10 h; cooling the ingot after the third-order heat preservation to be less than or equal to 200 ℃ within 1-8 h to obtain an alloy matrix; and carrying out extrusion treatment and aging treatment on the alloy matrix to obtain the aluminum alloy. The aluminum alloy prepared by the method can meet the requirements of 5G mobile phones on yield strength and heat conductivity coefficient of the aluminum alloy material on the basis of ensuring the anodic oxidation effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy, in particular to an aluminum alloy manufacturing method, an aluminum alloy and a mobile phone.
Background
The 5G mobile phone has two significant features: firstly, the heat production quantity of a 5G mobile phone is 4-5 times that of a common mobile phone, and the heat dissipation problem is obvious. Secondly, the 5G high-end mobile phone generally adopts the configuration of double-sided glass, and the weight of the whole mobile phone is increased. The middle frame is used as an important bearing structural member, and needs to have higher strength to bear the impact of the mobile phone on internal parts when the mobile phone falls, such as the impact on a screen. Therefore, the basic requirements of the 5G mobile phone on the aluminum alloy for the middle frame are high heat conductivity and high strength, and secondly, the anodic oxidation appearance effect of the material needs to meet the requirements of design departments. The existing mobile phone middle frame is 6013 aluminum alloy as a raw material, the thermal conductivity coefficient is about 160W/(m.K), and the yield strength is about 330MPa, but the requirements of 5G mobile phones on the yield strength and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the aluminum alloy material cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide an aluminum alloy manufacturing method, an aluminum alloy, and a mobile phone.
The manufacturing method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
providing an ingot, wherein the ingot comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.90wt% -1.1 wt% of Mg0.90wt% -1.1 wt%, 0.6 wt% -1.0 wt% of Si0.5wt% -1.0 wt%, less than or equal to 0.15 wt% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.02 wt% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.10 wt% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% of Zr, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% of Zn, and the balance of Al;
heating the cast ingot to 480-520 ℃ within 2-12 h, and carrying out first-stage heat preservation for 2-12 h;
heating the ingot after the first-stage heat preservation to 540-570 ℃, and carrying out second-stage heat preservation for 4-10 h;
heating the ingot after the second-stage heat preservation to 570-585 ℃, and carrying out third-stage heat preservation for 2-10 h;
cooling the ingot after the third-order heat preservation to be less than or equal to 200 ℃ within 1-8 h to obtain an alloy matrix;
and carrying out extrusion treatment and aging treatment on the alloy matrix to obtain the aluminum alloy.
The aluminum alloy manufacturing method provides an ingot different from the prior art, and is matched with a preparation method, wherein the first-stage heat preservation, the second-stage heat preservation and the third-stage heat preservation are arranged, the heat preservation temperature in each stage is different, so that the low-melting-point second phase with different temperatures in the aluminum alloy can be dissolved, the low-melting-point and soluble second phase in the aluminum alloy structure can be fully eliminated, the aluminum alloy is cooled to be less than or equal to 200 ℃ within 1-8 h in a matched mode, the second phase of an alloy matrix is effectively prevented from being regenerated, and the aluminum alloy can be obtained after extrusion treatment and aging treatment.
In one embodiment, the content of a single impurity element in the raw material of the ingot is less than or equal to 0.03%.
In one embodiment, in the step of performing extrusion treatment and aging treatment on the alloy matrix to obtain the aluminum alloy, the temperature of the extrusion rod is 500-575 ℃ during the extrusion treatment.
In one embodiment, in the step of performing extrusion treatment and aging treatment on the alloy matrix to obtain the aluminum alloy, the extrusion speed is 3 m/min to 12 m/min during the extrusion treatment.
In one embodiment, in the step of performing extrusion treatment and aging treatment on the alloy matrix to obtain the aluminum alloy, the temperature of the outlet of the extruder is 520 ℃ to 550 ℃ during the extrusion treatment.
In one embodiment, in the step of performing extrusion treatment and aging treatment on the alloy matrix to obtain the aluminum alloy, the aging treatment is performed on the extruded alloy matrix at 175-200 ℃.
In one embodiment, in the step of obtaining the aluminum alloy by performing extrusion treatment and aging treatment on the alloy matrix, the aging treatment is performed on the alloy matrix for 2-24 hours.
In one embodiment, the step of cooling the ingot after the third-stage heat preservation to less than 200 ℃ within 1-8 h to obtain an alloy matrix comprises:
and putting the ingot subjected to third-order heat preservation into a cooling chamber, and cooling the ingot subjected to third-order heat preservation to be less than 200 ℃ within 1-8 hours to obtain an alloy matrix.
An aluminum alloy is manufactured by the aluminum alloy manufacturing method in any one of the above embodiments.
A mobile phone comprises a middle frame, wherein the middle frame is made of the aluminum alloy prepared by the method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for making an aluminum alloy according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In one embodiment, a method for making an aluminum alloy is provided, comprising the steps of: providing an ingot, wherein the ingot comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.90wt% -1.1 wt% of Mg0.90wt% -1.1 wt%, 0.6 wt% -1.0 wt% of Si0.5wt% -1.0 wt%, less than or equal to 0.15 wt% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.02 wt% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.10 wt% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% of Zr, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% of Zn, and the balance of Al. Heating the cast ingot to 480-520 ℃ within 2-12 h, and carrying out first-stage heat preservation for 2-12 h. And heating the ingot after the first-stage heat preservation to 540-570 ℃, and carrying out second-stage heat preservation for 4-10 h. And heating the ingot after the second-stage heat preservation to 570-585 ℃, and carrying out third-stage heat preservation for 2-10 h. And cooling the ingot after the third-stage heat preservation to be less than or equal to 200 ℃ within 1-8 h to obtain the alloy matrix. And carrying out extrusion treatment and aging treatment on the alloy matrix to obtain the aluminum alloy.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a method for making an aluminum alloy is provided, comprising the steps of:
And step 120, heating the ingot to 480-520 ℃ within 2-12 h, and carrying out first-stage heat preservation for 2-12 h.
And step 130, heating the ingot after the first-stage heat preservation to 540-570 ℃, and carrying out second-stage heat preservation for 4-10 h.
And 140, heating the ingot subjected to the second-stage heat preservation to 570-585 ℃, and carrying out third-stage heat preservation for 2-10 h.
And 150, cooling the ingot after the third-stage heat preservation to be less than or equal to 200 ℃ within 1-8 h to obtain an alloy matrix.
And 160, carrying out extrusion treatment and aging treatment on the alloy matrix to obtain the aluminum alloy.
Specifically, in step 110, alloying is a key factor for ensuring and improving the strength of the 6-series aluminum alloy. In the 6-series aluminum alloy, i.e., the 6 xxx-series aluminum alloy, Mg and Si are main reinforcing elements, forming a reinforcing phase Mg2 Si. The higher the Mg and Si contents, the better the strengthening effect. However, if the contents of Mg and Si are too high, a large amount of Mg2Si phase exceeding the solid solubility of the matrix tends to be formed. These phases do not have a favorable effect on the strength increase of the material, and cause poor appearance of the aluminum alloy anode due to preferential dissolution or corrosion in the anodic oxidation. Therefore, further, in one embodiment, in the components in percentage by mass, Mg0.90wt% to 1.1 wt% and Si0.6 wt% to 1.0 wt%; further, in one embodiment, the Mg content is 0.95 wt% to 0.98 wt%, and the Si content is 0.7 wt% to 0.9 wt%. In one embodiment, the Mg content is 0.96 wt% and the Si content is 0.8 wt%. Cu is an essential additive element in the high-strength 6-series aluminum alloy, and the element can improve the solid solution strengthening effect and the aging strengthening effect and also has great help on the improvement of the work hardening capacity. However, since excessive Cu tends to deteriorate the corrosion resistance of the material, in one embodiment, the Cu content is 0.5 wt% to 1.0 wt% in the composition. In one embodiment, the Cu content is 0.6 wt% to 0.9 wt%. In one embodiment, the Cu content is 0.7 wt%. The addition of Mn, Cr, Zr and Ti mainly serves the purpose of controlling the grain size, and further, in one embodiment, the mass percentage of the components is that Cr is less than or equal to 0.02 wt%, Ti is less than or equal to 0.05 wt%, Zr is less than or equal to 0.05 wt%, and Mn is less than or equal to 0.15 wt%. In one embodiment, the mass percentage of Cr is less than or equal to 0.018 wt%, Ti is less than or equal to 0.04 wt%, Zr is less than or equal to 0.04 wt%, and Mn is less than or equal to 0.12 wt%. If Mn, Cr, Zr and Ti are excessively added, a large amount of coarse intermetallic compounds are easily formed due to the action of atomic force, and the anodic oxidation appearance of the material is affected. Fe and Zn are impurity elements in the material, and the content of the impurity elements needs to be respectively controlled to be less than or equal to 0.10 wt% and less than or equal to 0.05 wt%, otherwise, the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy is reduced. It is worth mentioning that the raw material of the ingot may also be referred to as the raw material of the aluminum alloy, because the aluminum alloy is made of an ingot.
In the steps 120 to 140, the ingot is slowly heated in three stages, and the ingot is thermally insulated after each heating, so that the thermal insulation temperature of each stage is different, and the low-melting-point second phase with different temperatures can be dissolved in each stage, thereby sufficiently eliminating the low-melting-point and soluble second phase in the structure of the aluminum alloy. Wherein the second phase means a substance having no effect of increasing the strength of the aluminum alloy. In the embodiment, experiments show that the temperature and the time used in the heat preservation of each stage are controlled within a better range, and the first-stage heat preservation, the second-stage heat preservation and the third-stage heat preservation are matched with each other, so that the second phases with low melting points and different temperatures are removed well by the three-stage heat preservation, and the second phases are prevented from being generated again. It is worth mentioning that the above process can also be called as a uniform annealing,
and step 150, cooling the ingot after the third-stage heat preservation, wherein the ingot is controlled to be cooled within 1-8 h, and other second phases generated by rapid cooling or too slow cooling of the ingot are effectively avoided, so that the final second phase of the aluminum alloy is lower.
The aluminum alloy manufacturing method provides an ingot different from the prior art, and is matched with a preparation method, wherein the first-stage heat preservation, the second-stage heat preservation and the third-stage heat preservation are arranged, the heat preservation temperature in each stage is different, so that the low-melting-point second phase with different temperatures in the aluminum alloy can be dissolved, the low-melting-point and soluble second phase in the aluminum alloy structure can be fully eliminated, the aluminum alloy is cooled to be less than or equal to 200 ℃ within 1-8 h in a matched mode, the second phase of an alloy matrix is effectively prevented from being regenerated, and the aluminum alloy can be obtained after extrusion treatment and aging treatment. The size of the coarse second phase in the extruded structure of the aluminum alloy prepared by the steps is 1-5 mu m, and the surface fraction of the coarse second phase in the extruded structure is less than 0.2%. It is worth mentioning that the content of the raw materials in the ingot and the preparation method are matched together, and the aluminum alloy has higher strength and heat-conducting property on the basis of ensuring the anodic oxidation effect by reasonably adjusting the content of each element in the aluminum alloy and controlling the processing technology. It should be understood that the 5G mobile phone component can be a middle frame, and can also be other components requiring aluminum alloy material, further, the aluminum alloy prepared by the above method can also be applied to other fields, and is not limited to the components of the 5G mobile phone.
In one embodiment, the content of a single impurity element in the raw material of the ingot is less than or equal to 0.03%. That is, in one embodiment, there is provided an aluminum alloy manufacturing method including the steps of: step 110, providing an ingot, wherein the ingot comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.90wt% -1.1 wt% of Mg0.90wt% -1.1 wt%, 0.6 wt% -1.0 wt% of Si0.5wt% -1.0 wt%, less than or equal to 0.15 wt% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.02 wt% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.10 wt% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% of Zr, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% of Zn, and the balance of Al. In the raw materials of the ingot, the content of a single impurity element is less than or equal to 0.03 percent. And step 120, heating the ingot to 480-520 ℃ within 2-12 h, and carrying out first-stage heat preservation for 2-12 h. And step 130, heating the ingot after the first-stage heat preservation to 540-570 ℃, and carrying out second-stage heat preservation for 4-10 h. And 140, heating the ingot subjected to the second-stage heat preservation to 570-585 ℃, and carrying out third-stage heat preservation for 2-10 h. And 150, cooling the ingot after the third-stage heat preservation to be less than or equal to 200 ℃ within 1-8 h to obtain an alloy matrix. And 160, carrying out extrusion treatment and aging treatment on the alloy matrix to obtain the aluminum alloy. The rest of the examples are analogized. It should be understood that, in the process of manufacturing the aluminum alloy through the ingot casting, other impurities exist in the unavoidable environment, such as dust, metal fragments dropped by the mold, and the like, and the performance of the aluminum alloy is reduced due to excessive impurities. Further, in one embodiment, the content of a single impurity element in the raw material of the ingot is less than or equal to 0.01%. This may better ensure consistency in the properties of the final product.
In one embodiment, in the step of performing extrusion treatment and aging treatment on the alloy matrix to obtain the aluminum alloy, the temperature of the extrusion rod is 500-575 ℃ during the extrusion treatment. That is, in one embodiment, there is provided an aluminum alloy manufacturing method including the steps of: step 110, providing an ingot, wherein the ingot comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.90wt% -1.1 wt% of Mg0.90wt% -1.1 wt%, 0.6 wt% -1.0 wt% of Si0.5wt% -1.0 wt%, less than or equal to 0.15 wt% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.02 wt% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.10 wt% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% of Zr, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% of Zn, and the balance of Al. And step 120, heating the ingot to 480-520 ℃ within 2-12 h, and carrying out first-stage heat preservation for 2-12 h. And step 130, heating the ingot after the first-stage heat preservation to 540-570 ℃, and carrying out second-stage heat preservation for 4-10 h. And 140, heating the ingot subjected to the second-stage heat preservation to 570-585 ℃, and carrying out third-stage heat preservation for 2-10 h. And 150, cooling the ingot after the third-stage heat preservation to be less than or equal to 200 ℃ within 1-8 h to obtain an alloy matrix. Step 160, carrying out extrusion treatment and aging treatment on the alloy matrix to obtain the aluminum alloy; wherein, during the extrusion treatment, the temperature of the extrusion rod is 500-575 ℃. The rest of the examples are analogized. In this embodiment, the extrusion rod is the extrusion structure on the extruder, is used for extruding the alloy base member for the temperature of extrusion rod is 500 ℃ -575 ℃, can effectively make the density increase of aluminum alloy, makes the final finished product of aluminum alloy satisfy the requirement to aluminum alloy material yield strength and coefficient of heat conductivity, and has better yield strength and coefficient of heat conductivity. Further, in one embodiment, the temperature of the extrusion bar during the extrusion process is 523 ℃ to 565 ℃. In one embodiment, the temperature of the extrusion bar during the extrusion process is 537 ℃. In one embodiment, the temperature of the extrusion bar during the extrusion process is 538 ℃. In tests, the temperature of the extrusion rod is found to be in the range of 523 ℃ to 565 ℃, particularly 537 ℃ or 538 ℃, so that the extrusion effect is better, and the density of the aluminum alloy can be further increased.
In one embodiment, in the step of performing extrusion treatment and aging treatment on the alloy matrix to obtain the aluminum alloy, the extrusion speed is 3 m/min to 12 m/min during the extrusion treatment. The temperature of the extrusion rod is 500-575 ℃, the density of the aluminum alloy can be further increased, the final finished product of the aluminum alloy meets the requirements on the yield strength and the heat conductivity coefficient of the aluminum alloy material, and the aluminum alloy has better yield strength and heat conductivity coefficient. Further, in one embodiment, the extrusion speed is 5 m/min to 10 m/min during the extrusion process. In one embodiment, the extrusion speed is 7 m/min during the extrusion process. In one embodiment, the temperature of the extrusion bar during the extrusion process is 8 m/min. In tests, the extrusion speed of 5 m/min to 10 m/min, especially 7 m/min or 8 m/min, has better extrusion effect, and can further increase the density of the aluminum alloy.
In one embodiment, in the step of performing extrusion treatment and aging treatment on the alloy matrix to obtain the aluminum alloy, the temperature of the outlet of the extruder is 520 ℃ to 550 ℃ during the extrusion treatment. The outlet temperature of the extruder is 520-550 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion rod is 500-575 ℃, the extrusion speed is 3-12 m/min, the density of the aluminum alloy can be effectively increased, the final finished product of the aluminum alloy meets the requirements on the yield strength and the heat conductivity coefficient of the aluminum alloy, and the aluminum alloy has better yield strength and heat conductivity coefficient. After the parameters of the extrusion treatment are cooperatively controlled, the structure preparation can be provided for the aluminum alloy in the subsequent aging process. Further, in one embodiment, the temperature at the outlet of the extruder during the extrusion process is 530 ℃ to 540 ℃, and in one embodiment, the temperature at the outlet of the extruder during the extrusion process is 535 ℃. In tests, the temperature of the outlet of the extruder is 530-540 ℃, particularly 535 ℃, so that the extruder has better extrusion effect and can further increase the density of the aluminum alloy.
In one embodiment, in the step of obtaining the aluminum alloy by performing the extrusion treatment and the aging treatment on the alloy matrix, the alloy matrix after the extrusion treatment is subjected to heat preservation at 175-200 ℃ during the aging treatment, so that the hardness and the strength of the aluminum alloy can be increased, and the plastic toughness and the internal stress are reduced. Further, in one embodiment, the aging treatment is carried out, and the alloy matrix after the extrusion treatment is subjected to 185-190 ℃ heat preservation. In one embodiment, the aging treatment is carried out by keeping the alloy matrix subjected to the extrusion treatment at 188 ℃. In the test, the aging treatment is found that the alloy matrix after the extrusion treatment is subjected to 185-190 ℃ heat preservation, particularly 188 ℃ heat preservation, so that the aging treatment effect is better, and the hardness and the strength of the aluminum alloy can be further improved.
In one embodiment, in the step of obtaining the aluminum alloy by performing extrusion treatment and aging treatment on the alloy matrix, during the aging treatment, the heat preservation time of the alloy matrix is 2-24 h, and the heat preservation is performed at 175-200 ℃ in a matching manner, so that the hardness and strength of the aluminum alloy can be further increased, the plastic toughness and internal stress of the aluminum alloy are reduced, and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy can be effectively improved after the parameters of the aging treatment are cooperatively controlled. In one embodiment, the heat preservation time of the alloy matrix is 6-20 h during the aging treatment. In one embodiment, the heat preservation time of the alloy matrix is 10 h-16 h during the aging treatment, and in one embodiment, the heat preservation time of the alloy matrix is 13h during the aging treatment, and in the experiment, the heat preservation time of the alloy matrix is 10 h-16 h during the aging treatment, and particularly when the heat preservation is carried out for 13h, the heat preservation effect is better, and the hardness and the strength of the aluminum alloy can be further increased.
In one embodiment, the step of cooling the ingot after the third-stage heat preservation to less than 200 ℃ within 1-8 h to obtain an alloy matrix comprises: and putting the ingot subjected to third-order heat preservation into a cooling chamber, and cooling the ingot subjected to third-order heat preservation to be less than 200 ℃ within 1-8 hours to obtain an alloy matrix. In this embodiment, the cooling chamber can be room temperature cooling chamber, also can be for having cooling device's cooling chamber, and it should be understood that, the temperature in the cooling chamber is comparatively steady, can not the abrupt change, and can effectively prevent in the cooling chamber that the ingot casting is influenced by external environment for the ingot casting after third order keeps warm can cool off uniformly, effectively avoids the second phase of aluminum alloy to generate. In the step, the aluminum alloy is cooled to below 200 ℃ within 1-8 h, so that the compound in the aluminum alloy can be prevented from being separated out in the cooling process, and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is improved. In one embodiment, the ingot after the third-stage heat preservation is cooled to be less than 200 ℃ within 3-8 h, so that the ingot can be further uniformly cooled. In one embodiment, the third stage held ingot is cooled to less than 200 ℃ within 8 hours, further enabling the ingot to be cooled uniformly.
In one embodiment, an aluminum alloy is provided, which is manufactured by the aluminum alloy manufacturing method described in any one of the above embodiments. The aluminum alloy prepared by the method can meet the requirements of 5G mobile phones on yield strength and heat conductivity coefficient of the aluminum alloy material on the basis of ensuring the anodic oxidation effect. The size of the coarse second phase in the extruded structure of the aluminum alloy prepared by the steps is 1-5 mu m, and the surface fraction of the coarse second phase in the extruded structure is less than 0.2%.
In one embodiment, a mobile phone is provided, which comprises a middle frame, wherein the middle frame is made of the aluminum alloy prepared by the method. The middle frame made of the aluminum alloy prepared by the method has the advantages of high heat conduction and high strength, and the appearance effect of anodic oxidation can meet the requirements of design departments.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by specific examples.
Example 1
The ingot comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: mg0.9wt%, Si1.0wt%, Cu1.0wt%, Mn0.15wt%, Cr0.02wt%, Ti0.05wt%, Fe0.10wt%, Zr0.05wt%, Zn0.05wt%, and the balance of Al.
Heating the ingot to 520 ℃ for first-stage heat preservation for 2h within 2h of heating time, heating to 540 ℃ with the furnace for second-stage heat preservation for 10h, heating to 585 ℃ with the furnace for third-stage heat preservation for 2h, cooling the ingot after the third-stage heat preservation to below 200 ℃ within 1h, and then carrying out extrusion treatment, wherein the temperature of an extrusion rod is 575 ℃, the extrusion speed is 12 m/min, and the temperature of an outlet of an extruder is 550 ℃; aging treatment is carried out, and the temperature is kept for 2h at 200 ℃.
Example 2
The ingot comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: mg1.1wt%, Si0.6wt%, Cu0.50wt%, Mn0.10wt%, Cr0.01wt%, Ti0.02wt%, Fe0.08wt% and Zn0.03wt%, and the balance being Al.
Heating the ingot to 480 ℃ for first-stage heat preservation for 6h within 12h of heating time, heating the ingot to 570 ℃ with the furnace for second-stage heat preservation for 4h, heating the ingot to 570 ℃ with the furnace for third-stage heat preservation for 10h, cooling the ingot after the third-stage heat preservation in a cooling chamber to below 200 ℃ within 8h, and then carrying out extrusion treatment, wherein the temperature of an extrusion rod is 500 ℃, the extrusion speed is 3 m/min, and the temperature of an outlet of an extruder is 520 ℃; aging treatment is carried out, and the temperature is kept at 175 ℃ for 24 h.
Example 3
The ingot comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: mg0.98wt%, Si0.75wt%, Cu0.67wt%, Mn0.08wt%, Cr0.01wt%, Ti0.02wt%, Fe0.09wt%; zr0.01wt% and Zn0.02wt%, the balance being Al.
Heating the ingot to 500 ℃ for first-stage heat preservation for 4h within 8h of heating time, heating the ingot to 560 ℃ with the furnace for second-stage heat preservation for 6h, heating the ingot to 580 ℃ with the furnace for third-stage heat preservation for 6h, cooling the ingot after the third-stage heat preservation in a cooling chamber for 6h to below 200 ℃, and then carrying out extrusion treatment, wherein the temperature of an extrusion rod is 550 ℃, the extrusion speed is 6 m/min, and the temperature of an outlet of an extruder is 532 ℃; aging treatment is carried out at 185 ℃ and heat preservation is carried out for 9 h.
Example 4
The ingot comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: mg1.05wt%, Si0.80wt%, Cu0.85wt%, Mn0.05wt%, Cr0.01wt%, Ti0.03wt%, Fe0.08wt% and Zn0.01wt%, and the balance of Al.
Firstly, carrying out homogenization annealing on an ingot, heating the ingot to 510 ℃ for carrying out first-stage heat preservation for 4h within 4h of heating time, then heating the ingot to 568 ℃ along with a furnace for carrying out second-stage heat preservation for 7h, then heating the ingot to 580 ℃ along with the furnace for carrying out third-stage heat preservation for 7h, then enabling the ingot subjected to third-stage heat preservation to enter a cooling chamber, cooling the ingot to below 200 ℃ within 5h, and then carrying out extrusion treatment, wherein the temperature of an extrusion rod is 560 ℃, the extrusion speed is 6 m/min, and the temperature of an outlet of an extruder is 550 ℃; aging treatment is carried out, and the temperature is kept at 180 ℃ for 12 h.
Comparative example 1
The ingot comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: mg1.2wt%, Si0.5wt%, Cu0.3wt%, Mn0.40wt%, Cr0.111wt%, Ti0.12wt%, Fe0.18wt%, Zr0.2wt%, Zn0.31wt%, and the balance of Al.
Heating the cast ingot to 550 ℃ for heat preservation for 12h within 6h, then enabling the cast ingot to enter a cooling chamber, cooling to below 200 ℃ within 6h, and then carrying out extrusion treatment, wherein the temperature of an extrusion rod is 540 ℃, the extrusion speed is 8 m/min, and the temperature of an outlet of an extruder is 550 ℃; aging treatment is carried out, and the temperature is kept for 8 hours at 180 ℃.
Comparative example 2
The ingot comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: mg1.05wt%, Si0.80wt%, Cu0.85wt%, Mn0.05wt%, Cr0.01wt%, Ti0.03wt%, Fe0.08wt% and Zn0.01wt%, and the balance of Al.
Heating the cast ingot to 550 ℃ for heat preservation for 12h within 6h, then enabling the cast ingot to enter a cooling chamber, cooling to below 200 ℃ within 6h, and then carrying out extrusion treatment, wherein the temperature of an extrusion rod is 540 ℃, the extrusion speed is 8 m/min, and the temperature of an outlet of an extruder is 550 ℃; aging treatment is carried out, and the temperature is kept for 8 hours at 180 ℃.
Comparative example 3
The ingot comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: mg1.2wt%, Si0.5wt%, Cu0.3wt%, Mn0.40wt%, Cr0.111wt%, Ti0.12wt%, Fe0.18wt%; zr0.2wt% and Zn0.31wt%, the rest is Al.
Heating the ingot to 510 ℃ for first-stage heat preservation for 4h, then heating to 568 ℃ with the furnace for second-stage heat preservation for 7h, then heating to 580 ℃ with the furnace for third-stage heat preservation for 7h, then enabling the ingot subjected to third-stage heat preservation to enter a cooling chamber, cooling to below 200 ℃ within 5h, and then carrying out extrusion treatment, wherein the temperature of an extrusion rod is 560 ℃, the extrusion speed is 6 m/min, and the temperature of an outlet of an extruder is 550 ℃; aging treatment is carried out, and the temperature is kept at 180 ℃ for 12 h.
Comparative example 4
The ingot comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: mg1 wt%, Si0.6wt%, Cu0.2wt%, Mn0.05wt%, Cr0.22wt%, Ti0.03wt%, Fe0.18wt% and Zn0.01wt%, and the balance of Al.
Firstly, carrying out homogenization annealing on an ingot, heating the ingot to 510 ℃ for carrying out first-stage heat preservation for 4h within 4h of heating time, then heating the ingot to 568 ℃ along with a furnace for carrying out second-stage heat preservation for 7h, then heating the ingot to 580 ℃ along with the furnace for carrying out third-stage heat preservation for 7h, then enabling the ingot subjected to third-stage heat preservation to enter a cooling chamber, cooling the ingot to below 200 ℃ within 5h, and then carrying out extrusion treatment, wherein the temperature of an extrusion rod is 560 ℃, the extrusion speed is 6 m/min, and the temperature of an outlet of an extruder is 550 ℃; aging treatment is carried out, and the temperature is kept at 180 ℃ for 12 h.
Wherein the components of the comparative example 2 are consistent with those of the example 4, and the processing technology is consistent with that of the comparative example 1; the composition of comparative example 3 was identical to that of comparative example 1, and the processing technique was identical to that of example 4. The composition of comparative example 4 was a 6061 aluminum alloy composition.
TABLE 1 partial Performance parameters of aluminum alloys in examples and comparative examples
Wherein Rp0.2 represents the yield strength, and the greater the yield strength, the better the resistance of the aluminum alloy to the stress of micro plastic deformation, and the better the performance of the aluminum alloy. Rm represents tensile strength, and the greater the tensile strength, the better the fracture resistance of the aluminum alloy, and the more excellent the performance of the aluminum alloy. A represents plasticity, and the smaller the plasticity is, the larger the minimum force required for permanent deformation of the aluminum alloy is, and the more excellent the performance of the aluminum alloy is. The smaller the largest dimension in the coarse second phase, the finer the aluminum alloy anode look outside, and the better the anode appearance. The smaller the surface fraction in the coarse second phase, the smoother the aluminum alloy anode look outside, and the better the aluminum alloy anode appearance. Among the anodic oxidation effect, "penetrating" indicates that the aluminum alloy is through surface treatment back, and the oxide film is from structural even more level and smooth for the oxide film is even and unanimous in looking at in the outward appearance, and the positive pole outward appearance is better, and like this, the aluminum alloy just can satisfy appearance design's requirement better. The 'fog' refers to the defect type of the anode, and refers to that the surface of the aluminum alloy is fuzzy after surface treatment, and the aluminum alloy is attached like blocky fog, so that the appearance of the anode is poor. When the pits appear, the dotted pits are formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy, and the appearance of the anode is poor.
TABLE 2 thermal conductivity (W/(m.K))
| Example 1 | 176 |
| Example 2 | 179 |
| Example 3 | 182 |
| Example 4 | 186 |
| Comparative example 1 | 152 |
| Comparative example 2 | 175 |
| Comparative example 3 | 143 |
| Comparative example 4 | 162 |
Wherein, the higher the coefficient of heat conductivity is, the better the heat conduction effect of aluminum alloy is, can distribute away the heat better, satisfy the heat dissipation requirement.
As can be seen from table 1, in the embodiments 1 to 4 of the present invention, by reasonably adjusting the content of each element in the aluminum alloy and controlling the processing technology, the strength of the material is improved on the basis of ensuring the anodic oxidation effect, so that the aluminum alloy has better comprehensive performance compared with the comparative examples 1 to 4, has better anodic oxidation effect, and better meets the use requirements of the 5G mobile phone appearance piece. Specifically, example 1 except for yield strength, other parameters were optimized in each example because the ingredients of the raw materials in example 1 were well mixed and the production parameters were also tensile strength. It can be seen that in examples 1 to 4, the performance of example 3 with poor effect is better than that of comparative examples 1 to 4, and obviously, in example 3, the aluminum alloy has better performance by adjusting the ratio of raw materials and matching the process flow of the present application.
As can be seen from table 2, the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloys of examples 1 to 4 is greater than that of the aluminum alloys of comparative examples 1 to 4, which is because the aluminum alloys have better thermal conductivity than the prior art by reasonably adjusting the contents of the elements in the raw materials of the aluminum alloys and controlling the processing process. Specifically, example 4 has the best thermal conductivity with reasonable formulation and process parameters.
In summary, in embodiments 1 to 4 of the present invention, by reasonably adjusting the content of each element in the aluminum alloy and controlling the processing technology, the strength and the heat conductivity of the material are improved on the basis of ensuring the anodic oxidation effect, and the mechanical requirements, the heat dissipation requirements and the appearance requirements of the 5G mobile phone on the aluminum alloy parts can be well satisfied.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The manufacturing method of the aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
providing an ingot, wherein the ingot comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.90wt% -1.1 wt% of Mg0.90wt% -1.1 wt%, 0.6 wt% -1.0 wt% of Si0.5wt% -1.0 wt%, less than or equal to 0.15 wt% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.02 wt% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.10 wt% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% of Zr, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.01 wt% of single impurity element, and the balance of Al;
heating the cast ingot to 480-520 ℃ within 2-12 h, and carrying out first-stage heat preservation for 2-12 h;
heating the ingot after the first-stage heat preservation to 540-570 ℃, and carrying out second-stage heat preservation for 4-10 h;
heating the ingot after the second-stage heat preservation to 570-585 ℃, and carrying out third-stage heat preservation for 2-10 h;
cooling the ingot after the third-order heat preservation to be less than or equal to 200 ℃ within 1-8 h to obtain an alloy matrix;
and (3) carrying out extrusion treatment and aging treatment on the alloy matrix, wherein in the extrusion treatment, the temperature of an extrusion rod is 500-550 ℃, the extrusion speed is 6-12 m/min, and the temperature of an outlet of an extruder is 520-532 ℃ to obtain the aluminum alloy.
2. The method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step of obtaining the aluminum alloy by performing the extrusion treatment and the aging treatment on the alloy base body, the temperature of the extrusion rod is 523 ℃ to 550 ℃ during the extrusion treatment.
3. The method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step of obtaining the aluminum alloy by performing the extrusion treatment and the aging treatment on the alloy base body, the extrusion speed is 7 m/min to 12 m/min during the extrusion treatment.
4. The method for manufacturing the aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein in the step of obtaining the aluminum alloy by performing the extrusion treatment and the aging treatment on the alloy matrix, the extrusion speed is 7 m/min or 8 m/min during the extrusion treatment.
5. The method for manufacturing the aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the first-stage heat preservation is performed for 2-6 hours.
6. The method for manufacturing the aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step of obtaining the aluminum alloy by performing the extrusion treatment and the aging treatment on the alloy substrate, the alloy substrate after the extrusion treatment is subjected to heat preservation at 175-200 ℃ during the aging treatment.
7. The method for manufacturing the aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step of obtaining the aluminum alloy by performing extrusion treatment and aging treatment on the alloy matrix, the aging treatment is performed for 2-24 hours.
8. The method for manufacturing the aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the step of cooling the ingot after the third-stage heat preservation to less than 200 ℃ within 1-8 h to obtain an alloy matrix comprises the following steps:
and putting the ingot subjected to third-order heat preservation into a cooling chamber, and cooling the ingot subjected to third-order heat preservation to be less than 200 ℃ within 1-8 hours to obtain an alloy matrix.
9. An aluminum alloy produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A cellular phone comprising a middle frame, wherein the middle frame is made of the aluminum alloy of claim 9.
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