CN111020088A - Method for prolonging service life of cooling wall of vanadium-titanium ore smelting blast furnace - Google Patents
Method for prolonging service life of cooling wall of vanadium-titanium ore smelting blast furnace Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for prolonging the service life of a cooling wall of a schreyerite smelting blast furnace, which comprises the following steps: in the blast furnace smelting process, the mass content of Ti in pig iron is controlled to be 0.18-0.28%, and the temperature of molten iron is 1430-1480 ℃. In the blast furnace smelting process, the Ti content in the pig iron is obtained by reducing raw materials, the Ti content is basically in a direct proportion relation with the physical heat of molten iron, and the Ti content in the molten iron is increased along with the increase of the physical heat of the molten iron, so that the thermal system of a hearth can be controlled by controlling the Ti content. The invention reduces the thermal stress change of the cooling wall of the furnace hearth by controlling the relative stability of the thermal system of the furnace hearth, and ensures the long service life of the cooling wall of the blast furnace body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blast furnace smelting, in particular to a method for prolonging the service life of a cooling wall of a vanadium-titanium smelting blast furnace.
Background
The blast furnace cooling system is one of the key operation systems of the blast furnace, and the reasonable blast furnace cooling system is favorable for stabilizing slag crust, maintaining reasonable operation furnace shape, promoting long-term stable and smooth operation of the blast furnace and achieving the purpose of long service life.
There are many factors which have great harm to the cooling wall of the blast furnace body, zinc is an element coexisting with the iron-containing raw material, and the content of zinc in natural ore is trace, but because the reduction temperature of zinc is low, the boiling point of liquid zinc is low, and the liquid zinc can hardly be absorbed by slag iron and is easy to be enriched in the furnace, therefore, the corrosion of zinc to the hearth is not negligible, and increases along with the increase of temperature. The small amount of zinc in iron ore is mainly ferrite (ZnO. Fe)2O3) Silicate (2 ZnO. SiO)2) Andthe sulfide (ZnS) exists in a form of complex oxide, the sulfide is firstly converted into complex oxide, then the complex oxide is reduced into gaseous zinc by CO in a high-temperature area at the temperature of more than 1000 ℃, zinc vapor with the boiling point of 907 ℃ rises along with coal gas, the gaseous zinc vapor is condensed (580 ℃) and then oxidized when reaching a lower-temperature area, zinc oxide fine particles formed by reoxidation are taken out of the blast furnace when being attached to dust of rising coal gas, and enter the high-temperature area again when being attached to descending furnace burden, and the enrichment phenomenon of zinc in the blast furnace is formed repeatedly. The zinc vapor circulating in the furnace conditionally infiltrates into the junction of the hearth and the brick lining, so that the brick lining expands in volume and becomes brittle.
The cooling equipment of the blast furnace is related to the normal production and the service life of the blast furnace. It is generally required that the cooling equipment has sufficient cooling strength to protect the brick lining and the furnace shell, and that part of the cooling equipment also has a supporting lining to form a working inner mold. Once damaged, the cooling equipment will seriously jeopardize the production of the blast furnace. Because the irreplaceable effect of the cooling equipment, the research on the damage reason of the cooling equipment and the search of effective protective measures are the fundamental guarantee of the safe production of the blast furnace and the long service life of the blast furnace. Therefore, how to reduce the damage to the cooling wall of the blast furnace in the smelting process and prolong the service life of the cooling wall becomes a hot point of research of the technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for prolonging the service life of a cooling wall of a schreyerite smelting blast furnace, and the method provided by the present invention can make the cooling wall of the blast furnace have a longer service life.
The invention provides a method for prolonging the service life of a cooling wall of a schreyerite smelting blast furnace, which comprises the following steps:
in the blast furnace smelting process, the mass content of Ti in the pig iron is controlled to be 0.18-0.28%;
the temperature of the molten iron is 1430-1480 ℃.
In the invention, the mass content of Ti in the pig iron in the blast furnace smelting process is preferably controlled to be 0.18-0.28%, more preferably 0.2-0.26%, and most preferably 0.22-0.24%; in the blast furnace smelting process, the Ti content in the pig iron is obtained by reducing raw materials, the Ti content and the physical heat of molten iron are in a substantially direct proportion relationship, and the Ti content in the molten iron is increased along with the increase of the physical heat of the molten iron, so that the thermal system of a hearth can be controlled by controlling the Ti content; the temperature (physical temperature) of the molten iron is preferably controlled to be 1430-1480 ℃, more preferably 1440-1470 ℃ and most preferably 1450-1460 ℃.
In the invention, the relative stability of the hearth thermal system can be ensured by timely adjusting measures such as air temperature, coal injection quantity, air quantity and the like, and the thermal stress change of the hearth cooling wall is reduced.
In the invention, the method for prolonging the service life of the cooling wall of the schreyerite smelting blast furnace preferably further comprises the following steps:
in the smelting process of the blast furnace, the water temperature difference of each section of the cooling wall of the blast furnace is controlled to be less than or equal to 6 ℃.
In the invention, in the blast furnace smelting process, the water temperature difference of each section of the cooling wall of the blast furnace is preferably controlled to be one or more of the temperature of less than or equal to 3 ℃, less than or equal to 1.5 ℃, 3-5 ℃, less than or equal to 2 ℃, less than or equal to 3 ℃ and less than or equal to 6 ℃. The shape of the blast furnace cooling wall is not particularly limited, and a person skilled in the art can select a blast furnace cooling wall with a proper shape according to actual needs. In the invention, the water temperature difference of each section of the cooling wall of the blast furnace refers to the difference value of the inlet water temperature and the outlet water temperature of the cooling wall of one section.
In the invention, the method for prolonging the service life of the cooling wall of the schreyerite smelting blast furnace preferably further comprises the following steps:
in the blast furnace smelting process, the integral water quantity of the medium-pressure water of the cooling water is controlled to be 6000-6400 m3H; the integral water quantity of the high-pressure water is 1000-1100 m3/h。
In the invention, the total water quantity of the medium-pressure water is preferably 6100-6300 m3A more preferable range is 6100 to 6300m3H, most preferably 6200m3H; the integral water quantity of the high-pressure water is preferably 1020-1080 m3More preferably 1040 to 1060m3H, most preferably 1050m3/h。
In the invention, the water temperature difference of each section of the cooling wall of the blast furnace can be monitored by an alarm monitoring system. In the invention, the water temperature difference of each cooling wall section of the blast furnace exceeds the control range, measures are required to be taken in time to enable the water temperature difference to be within the temperature difference range, if the cooling strength is insufficient, the flow of cooling water is adjusted to enable the water temperature difference to return to the control range, the water temperature difference of each cooling wall section is monitored in real time, and an alarm and early warning mechanism is implemented.
In the invention, the method for prolonging the service life of the cooling wall of the schreyerite smelting blast furnace preferably further comprises the following steps:
in the blast furnace smelting process, the binary alkalinity of the furnace slag is controlled to be 1-1.06.
In the invention, the method for prolonging the service life of the cooling wall of the schreyerite smelting blast furnace preferably further comprises the following steps:
in the blast furnace smelting process, the slag-iron ratio is controlled to be 620-650 kg/t.
In the invention, when the burden of charging alkali and zinc is heavy in the blast furnace smelting process, the slagging system preferably controls the lower slag alkalinity and the larger slag amount to play the role of alkali discharge. In the invention, the binary alkalinity of the slag is preferably controlled to be 1-1.06, more preferably 1.02-1.04; the slag-iron ratio is preferably controlled to be 620-650 kg/t, more preferably 630-640 kg/t; so as to play a role in periodically discharging alkali, reduce the accumulation of alkali metal in the furnace and reduce the harm brought by the alkali metal to the maximum extent.
In the invention, the main method for controlling the binary alkalinity and the slag-iron ratio of the slag is preferably the adjustment of the structure of the charged materials and the adjustment of the heat of a furnace hearth; for the binary alkalinity of the slag, the adjustment is preferably carried out as a main means through the change of the proportion of acid-base materials, and is carried out as a secondary means through the heat of a furnace hearth; the slag-iron ratio is preferably changed by adjusting the material proportions of different grades as a main means.
In the invention, the method for prolonging the service life of the cooling wall of the schreyerite smelting blast furnace preferably further comprises the following steps:
in the blast furnace smelting process, the control material distribution matrix is as follows:
in the invention, aiming at the damage of the cooling equipment, the central air flow is preferably taken as the main material in the aspect of upper material distribution, and the charging system of the development center is adopted, so that the alkali and zinc can be effectively discharged, the scouring of the coal gas flow to the edge furnace wall can be reduced, and the service life of the cooling wall can be prolonged. In the invention, the material distribution matrix in the blast furnace smelting process is preferably as follows:
in the invention, the distribution matrix refers to that the burden is distributed into the blast furnace by using a distribution chute according to a set angle and a set number of turns in a circle in the actual production process of the blast furnace, so that the burden is distributed in the furnace according to the needs of operators; the distribution chute is in continuous rotation, and the coke and the ore are uniformly distributed in a clockwise and annular mode from outside to inside, so that the coke and the ore are basically distributed in a layered mode, and the material surface shape of a platform and a funnel is ensured.
In the present invention, the first row 38, 37, 35.. etc. in the distribution matrix represents the distribution angle (α), O represents the number of turns of ore, and C represents the number of turns of coke.
In the invention, the stable thermal system is preferably used for a short time, suspension is avoided, the phenomenon that the thermal load of local cooling equipment is changed violently due to the fact that the upper and lower floating of a reflow zone is caused by the fluctuation of an artificial thermal system is prevented, and finally the service life of the blast furnace is shortened; the method mainly prevents the knots from being thick, prevents the accumulation and avoids furnace washing and tumor blasting for a long time.
In the invention, the suspension refers to the phenomenon that furnace burden in a blast furnace stops descending for more than 10 minutes, the height of a stockline and the blanking uniformity are monitored by a stock rod, and the blanking is uniform under normal conditions, and the stock rod shows an oblique line with a certain slope; if the abnormal distribution of the airflow in the blast furnace causes abnormal blanking due to various reasons, the stock line is suddenly reduced or the stock line is straight and the like in the monitoring of the stock rod; the phenomenon that the burden stops descending due to the contradiction between the ascending gas flow and the descending burden is the phenomenon of hanging.
In the invention, the reflow zone refers to that as the furnace charge falls along with the furnace charge, the temperature gradually rises, the ore begins to soften until the ore is melted and then is completely liquefied, and the ore drops into a furnace hearth; this zone of ore softening is referred to as the reflow zone; with the change of the heat of the hearth, the heat carried by the ascending coal gas flow is changed, and the softening position of the furnace charge is different, so that a continuously changing reflow zone is presented in the blast furnace.
In the invention, the blast furnace charging material has poor strength, more powder and the like which influence the smooth operation of the blast furnace, and the charging material charging condition is preferably improved.
In the invention, the raw materials adopted in the blast furnace smelting process preferably comprise one or more of sintered ore, natural ore, limestone, coke and acid oxidized pellets.
In the invention, the ISO tumbler index of the sintered ore is preferably equal to or more than 72%, the fluctuation range of the alkalinity RO is preferably-0.05 to +0.05 times, the abrasion resistance index is preferably less than 7.0%, the mass content of FeO is preferably 7.0 to 8.8%, the mass content of powder with the diameter of less than 5mm after sieving is preferably less than 2.5%, the mass content of S is preferably less than or equal to 0.04%, and the average particle size is preferably equal to or more than 20.0 mm.
In the invention, the alkalinity fluctuation range of the sintered ore fluctuates on the basis of alkalinity, and the alkalinity basis means that the alkalinity of the sintered ore finished product is ensured to be basically unchanged, namely maintained on the basis of the sintering alkalinity by adjusting the sintering batching structure at each period of time.
In the invention, the TFe fluctuation range of the natural ore is preferably less than or equal to +/-3.0 percent without uniform mixing and is preferably less than or equal to +/-1.0 percent after uniform mixing; the mass content of the particle size of 8-80 mm is preferably not less than 65%, the mass content of not more than 8mm is preferably not more than 10%, and the mass content of not less than 80mm is preferably not more than 10%; SiO 22The mass content of (A) is preferably 16-20%; the mass content of S is preferably less than or equal to 0.10 percent; the mass content of P is preferably less than or equal to 0.18%.
In the invention, the mass content of the limestone with the granularity of 20-50 mm is preferably more than or equal to 85%; the mass content of CaO in the limestone is preferably more than or equal to 52.0 percent; SiO in the limestone2The mass content of (B) is preferably less than or equal to 2.0%.
In the invention, the M40 (anti-crushing index) of the coke is preferably more than or equal to 88 percent, and the M10 (anti-crushing index) is preferably less than or equal to 6 percent; the CRI (reactivity index) tamping coke of the coke is preferably less than or equal to 29 percent, and the top fixing coke is preferably less than or equal to 29 percent; the CSR (strength after reaction) tamping coke of the coke is preferably more than or equal to 64 percent, and the top coke is preferably more than or equal to 64 percent; the Ad (ash content index) of the coke is preferably less than or equal to 12.8 percent; the mass content of S in the coke is preferably less than or equal to 0.65 percent; the average particle size of the coke is preferably 48-52 mm; the moisture content of the coke is preferably less than or equal to 4.0 percent.
In the invention, the tumbler index of the acid oxidation pellets is preferably more than or equal to 92%, the wear resistance index is preferably less than or equal to 4.0%, the compressive strength is preferably more than or equal to 2000N/pellet, and the medium-temperature reduction RI is preferably more than or equal to 89%; the mass content of TFe in the acid oxidation pellets is preferably not less than 52.5%, the mass content of FeO is preferably not more than 1.0%, the mass content of S is preferably not more than 0.05%, the mass content of P is preferably not more than 0.08%, and Al is preferably not more than 0.08%2O3The mass content of (B) is preferably not more than 4.0%, V2O5The mass content of (B) is preferably not less than 0.40%.
In the present invention, the acid oxidized pellet refers to Fe under high temperature oxidizing atmosphere2O3The recrystallized crystal bridge bond is solidified into a spherical ironmaking raw material with high grade, good strength and uniform granularity, and the gangue component of the spherical ironmaking raw material is mainly acidic SiO2And a small amount of Al2O3When the alkaline fluxing agent is used as a blast furnace raw material alone, the alkaline fluxing agent is required to be added.
In the invention, the enrichment of harmful elements in the raw materials, particularly potassium, sodium, zinc and the like, is preferably controlled in the blast furnace smelting process, the enrichment and the adhesion of the harmful elements in the blast furnace brick lining are easy, the influence on the lining and cooling equipment is great, the lead enrichment directly damages the furnace bottom brick lining, and the service life of the blast furnace is shortened.
In the invention, the method for prolonging the service life of the cooling wall of the schreyerite smelting blast furnace preferably further comprises the following steps:
controlling K carried into the blast furnace by the raw materials in the smelting process of the blast furnace2O and Na2The total content of O is less than 3kg/t, the content of Pb is less than or equal to 0.1wt percent, and the content of Zn is less than or equal to 0.1wt percent.
In the invention, the content of harmful elements K, Na, Pb and Zn in the raw materials adopted in the blast furnace smelting process is preferably controlled according to the national standard; in the present invention, a blast furnace is usedK in the furnace for carrying raw materials during smelting2O+Na2The total O content is preferably < 3 kg/t; the content of Pb and Zn is preferably less than or equal to 0.1 wt%.
The invention provides a special-purpose tool for 1750m3The invention provides an operation method for vanadium-titanium ore blast furnace smelting, which comprises a plurality of operation systems of daily operation of a blast furnace and mainly aims to ensure the long service life of a cooling wall of a blast furnace body.
In the actual blast furnace smelting, the discharge of harmful elements in the furnace and the protection of a furnace wall are well carried out by controlling the quality of the raw materials entering the furnace and adopting a relatively open central gas flow charging system and a low-alkalinity and large-slag-quantity slagging system; the position of the reflow zone is stabilized by stabilizing a proper hearth thermal system, and the negative effects of thermal stress change on the hearth and the cooling wall of the furnace body are reduced; the water temperature difference of each cooling wall section is strictly controlled, the cooling parameters are closely monitored and timely adjusted, and a stable slag crust protective furnace wall is formed.
The inventor researches and discovers that the factors which have the greatest harm to the cooling wall of each section of the blast furnace mainly include alkali and zinc metal damage, high-temperature gas flow scouring damage, poor quality damage of raw fuel, position change of a reflow zone caused by thermal system fluctuation and the like; the invention respectively makes detailed counter measures aiming at the factors, finds out the matching relation of various operating systems and ensures the long service life of the cooling wall of each section of the blast furnace.
The method provided by the invention has obvious effect on prolonging the service life of the cooling wall of the blast furnace, and a corresponding operation system is made for eliminating the damage of the cooling wall of the blast furnace aiming at the mechanism of the damage of the cooling wall of the blast furnace. The method provided by the invention well solves the field problem, has strong operability and strong systematicness, can realize standardized and institutional operation, and has strong practical significance for blast furnace ironmaking work.
The key of the method provided by the invention is to eliminate the hidden trouble of cooling wall damage through the optimization and adjustment of the blast furnace operation system. The method provided by the invention is a systematic operation system, is a methodology summarized from long-time actual operation, and has uniqueness, exclusivity and pertinence.
The method provided by the invention is an operation method for preventing the damage of the cooling wall of the blast furnace, which is summarized based on long-time operation experience, has practical significance for operation guidance of the blast furnace, can effectively prolong the service life of the blast furnace, and is beneficial to realizing intensified smelting and low-carbon smelting of the blast furnace.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In the production process of a blast furnace, the structure of materials fed into the furnace is controlled according to 63 wt% of sintered ore, 31 wt% of pellet ore, 3 wt% of acid oxidized pellet ore and 3 wt% of natural lump ore, and the integral water quantity of medium-pressure water is 6200m3H, bulk water volume of high pressure water 1030m3The cooling parameter per hour, the produced product, the pig iron contains 0.27 wt% of Ti, the temperature of the molten iron is 1465 ℃, the binary basicity of the slag is 1.00, the slag-iron ratio is 585kg/t, and the used distribution matrix is as follows:
| cloth angle | 37.5° | 36.5° | 34.5° | 32.5° | 30.5° | 28.5° | 23.5° |
| Number of turns of ore | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Number of turns of coke | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Monitoring the water temperature difference of the cooling wall in the production process of the blast furnace, immediately checking to confirm whether the drainage of the cooling wall is normal or not in site once the water temperature difference of the cooling wall abnormally fluctuates (the fluctuation of the water temperature difference exceeds 5 ℃), further confirming whether the cooling wall is damaged or not, and considering that the service life of the cooling wall is ended once the cooling wall is damaged; the blast furnace smelting method provided by the embodiment 1 of the invention enables the service life of the cooling wall of the blast furnace to reach 8 years.
Example 2
In the production process of the blast furnace, the structure of the materials fed into the furnace is controlled according to 63 wt% of sinter, 31 wt% of pellet, 3 wt% of acid oxidized pellet and 3 wt% of natural lump ore, and the integral water of medium-pressure water is 6500m3H, integral water quantity of high-pressure water 1020m3The cooling parameter per hour, the produced product, the pig iron contains 0.20 wt% of Ti, the temperature of molten iron is 1448 ℃, the binary basicity of slag is 1.01, the slag-iron ratio is 577kg/t, and the used distribution matrix is as follows:
| cloth angle | 37.5° | 36.5° | 34.5° | 32.5° | 30.5° | 28.5° | 23.5° |
| Number of turns of ore | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Number of turns of coke | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
According to the detection method of the embodiment 1, the service life of the blast furnace cooling wall of the blast furnace smelting method provided by the embodiment 2 of the invention can reach 8 years.
Example 3
In the production process of a blast furnace, the structure of materials fed into the furnace is controlled according to 63 wt% of sintered ore, 31 wt% of pellet ore, 3 wt% of acid oxidized pellet ore and 3 wt% of natural lump ore, and the integral water quantity of medium-pressure water is 6260m3H, the total water quantity of the high-pressure water is 1050m3The cooling parameter per hour, the produced product, the pig iron contains 0.23 wt% of Ti, the temperature of the molten iron is 1458 ℃, the binary basicity of the slag is 1.02, the slag-iron ratio is 569kg/t, and the used distribution matrix is as follows:
| cloth angle | 37.5° | 36.5° | 34.5° | 32.5° | 30.5° | 28.5° | 23.5° |
| Number of turns of ore | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Number of turns of coke | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
According to the detection method of the embodiment 1, the service life of the blast furnace cooling wall of the blast furnace smelting method provided by the embodiment 3 of the invention can reach 8 years.
From the above embodiment, the present invention provides a method for prolonging the service life of a cooling wall of a schreyerite smelting blast furnace, which comprises: in the blast furnace smelting process, the mass content of Ti in pig iron is controlled to be 0.18-0.28%, and the temperature of molten iron is 1430-1480 ℃. In the blast furnace smelting process, the Ti content in the pig iron is obtained by reducing raw materials, the Ti content is basically in a direct proportion relation with the physical heat of molten iron, and the Ti content in the molten iron is increased along with the increase of the physical heat of the molten iron, so that the thermal system of a hearth can be controlled by controlling the Ti content. The invention reduces the thermal stress change of the cooling wall of the furnace hearth by controlling the relative stability of the thermal system of the furnace hearth, and ensures the long service life of the cooling wall of the blast furnace body.
Claims (10)
1. A method for prolonging the service life of a cooling wall of a schreyerite smelting blast furnace comprises the following steps:
in the blast furnace smelting process, the mass content of Ti in the pig iron is controlled to be 0.18-0.28%;
the temperature of the molten iron is 1430-1480 ℃.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in the smelting process of the blast furnace, the water temperature difference of each section of the cooling wall of the blast furnace is controlled to be less than or equal to 6 ℃.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
in the blast furnace smelting process, the integral water quantity of the medium-pressure water of the cooling water is controlled to be 6000-6400 m3H; the integral water quantity of the high-pressure water is 1000-1100 m3/h。
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in the blast furnace smelting process, the binary alkalinity of the furnace slag is controlled to be 1-1.06.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in the blast furnace smelting process, the slag-iron ratio is controlled to be 620-650 kg/t.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in the blast furnace smelting process, the control material distribution matrix is as follows:
7. the method of claim 1, wherein the raw materials used in the blast furnace smelting process include one or more of sintered ore, natural ore, limestone, coke, and acid-oxidized pellets.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
controlling K carried into the blast furnace by the raw materials in the smelting process of the blast furnace2O and Na2The total content of O is less than 3kg/t, the content of Pb is less than or equal to 0.1wt percent, and the content of Zn is less than or equal to 0.1wt percent.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the sintered ore has a drum index of not less than 72% and an attrition index of less than 7.0%;
SiO in the natural ore2The mass content of S is 16-20%, the mass content of S is less than or equal to 0.1%, and the mass content of P is less than or equal to 0.18%.
10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the limestone contains CaO in an amount of 52% by mass or more and SiO in an amount of 52% by mass or more2The mass content is less than or equal to 2.0 percent;
the average particle size of the coke is 48-52 mm;
the tumbler index of the acid oxidation pellets is more than or equal to 92 percent, and the abrasion resistance index is less than or equal to 4.0 percent.
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