CN111018697B - Method for extracting trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid from corn straws and application of trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid as herbicide - Google Patents

Method for extracting trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid from corn straws and application of trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid as herbicide Download PDF

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CN111018697B
CN111018697B CN201911287017.9A CN201911287017A CN111018697B CN 111018697 B CN111018697 B CN 111018697B CN 201911287017 A CN201911287017 A CN 201911287017A CN 111018697 B CN111018697 B CN 111018697B
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罗小勇
孙小雪
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Qingdao Agricultural University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for extracting trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid from corn straws and application of the trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid as a herbicide, wherein the method comprises the following steps: A. extraction: weighing corn stalk powder, extracting with 60% ethanol for 7 days, collecting extractive solution, sequentially extracting for 2-4 times, mixing extractive solutions, and rotary evaporating to obtain first extract; B. and (3) extraction: dispersing the first extract by deionized water, extracting with 5 times of petroleum ether for 6 times, extracting the residue with 5 times of ethyl acetate for 6 times, mixing ethyl acetate extractive solutions, vacuum filtering, and rotary evaporating to obtain second extract; C. and (3) chromatographic column separation: and (3) sequentially carrying out three-stage chromatographic column separation on the second extract, collecting a high-activity E13-1 fraction, and purifying the high-activity E13-1 fraction through HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) preparative chromatography to obtain the trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid. The method separates the trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid from the corn straws for the first time, has excellent herbicidal activity, can be used for preventing and removing weeds, and has the advantage of environmental friendliness.

Description

Method for extracting trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid from corn straws and application of trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid as herbicide
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of extraction of herbicidal active substances, in particular to a method for extracting trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid from corn straws and application of the trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid as a herbicide.
Background
The weeds have a wide growth range, and the growth of the weeds can cause serious harm to the normal growth of crops, so that the weeds in the field must be prevented and removed greatly. Due to long-term adaptation to local ecological environment and farming culture, weed communities with various characteristics of different crops are gradually formed, and even if the same crop is in different geographical positions and environmental conditions, the composition of the weed communities is greatly different. However, the harm of weeds to crops is basically the same, which can cause serious reduction of the yield and quality of agricultural products, even cause no grain harvest, and greatly increase the labor cost. Therefore, how to effectively control the farmland weeds becomes an important subject for the development of modern agricultural production.
Weed control refers to the act of artificially controlling weeds in the ecosystems of farmlands and forests. The method has various means, including methods of agricultural control, plant quarantine, biological control, chemical control and the like. The chemical control method is the best method for preventing and removing the weeds in the farmland due to the rapidness, high efficiency and obvious weed control effect, plays a great role in the development of agricultural economy, promotes the high-efficiency, rapid and healthy development of the agricultural economy, and is deeply trusted by farmers. However, the unreasonable use of chemical herbicides also brings a series of major problems such as pesticide residue, environmental pollution, pest drug resistance and the like. In addition, due to factors such as change of cultivation and farming systems, excessive dependence on herbicides, improper herbicide mixing, large-scale planting of transgenic crops and the like, weed communities are changed, and the development of chemical herbicides is seriously hindered.
Therefore, the development of novel herbicides which are highly effective, low in toxicity, low in residual and environmentally friendly is urgently needed. The plants are used as huge natural resources on the earth, contain abundant secondary metabolites based on phytochemical effect, and have the potential of being developed into herbicides. At present, trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid is mainly used as an intermediate in the pharmaceutical and flavor industries, and the herbicidal activity of trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid is not found before.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of pesticide residue, environmental pollution, pest resistance and the like of the existing chemical herbicide, the invention discovers trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid with excellent herbicidal activity from corn straws for the first time and provides an extraction method thereof.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for extracting trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid from corn stalks comprises the following steps:
A. extraction: weighing corn straw powder, placing the corn straw powder in a sealed tank, adding 60% ethanol until the powder is soaked, placing the sealed tank in a constant temperature box at 25 ℃ for leaching for 7 days, collecting an extracting solution, stirring once every 7-9 hours, sequentially extracting for 2-4 times according to the method, combining all extracting solutions, performing vacuum filtration on the extracting solutions, and performing rotary evaporation to obtain a first extract;
B. and (3) extraction: dispersing the first extract by using deionized water, extracting the dispersion liquid by using petroleum ether with the volume 5 times of the dispersion liquid for 6 times, removing petroleum ether extract, extracting residues by using ethyl acetate with the volume 5 times of the dispersion liquid for 6 times, combining ethyl acetate extract, performing vacuum filtration, and evaporating the solvent by rotary evaporation to obtain a second extract;
C. and (3) chromatographic column separation:
performing primary column chromatography separation on the second extract: dissolving the second extract with acetone, adding silica gel, stirring, and adding into silica gel chromatographic column after acetone is volatilized; sequentially carrying out gradient elution by taking petroleum ether/acetone mixed solution with the volume ratio of 1:0, 50:1, 25:1, 15:1, 10:1, 5:1, 1:1 and 0:1 and acetone/methanol mixed solution with the volume ratio of 50:1, 25:1, 10:1, 5:1, 1:1 and 0:1 as mobile phases, tracing and collecting all eluted components by thin-layer chromatography, merging the components with the same Rf value, then respectively carrying out rotary evaporation to remove the solvent, obtaining 16 fractions of E1-E16 according to the elution sequence, and collecting high-activity fractions E3 and E13;
fraction E13 was subjected to secondary column chromatography: sequentially carrying out gradient elution by using petroleum ether/acetone mixed solution and acetone/methanol mixed solution in the volume ratio of 10:1, 5:1, 3:1, 2:1 and 0:1 as eluent, merging components with the same Rf value, respectively carrying out rotary evaporation to remove the solvent, separating from E13 fraction according to the elution sequence to obtain 5 fractions of E13-1, E13-2, E13-3, E13-4 and E13-5, and collecting high-activity E13-1 fraction.
Preferably, 200-mesh 300-mesh silica gel is used in step C, and the chromatographic column used is 12cm × 80 cm.
And (3) purification: the E13-1 fraction was further purified by HPLC preparative chromatography to give only one compound qn-9, trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid.
Specifically, the E13-1 fraction was separated and purified by HPLC preparative chromatography using a π NAP semi-preparative column (250 mm. times.10 mm), and fractions were collected and combined according to the peak of the compound appearing on the detector. The mobile phase was 20% acetonitrile acid water (v/v; acid water: 0.5 ‰ trifluoroacetic acid was added to water) at a flow rate of 4mL/min, and only one compound qn-9 was obtained by elution with a retention time tR of 14.0 min.
The invention provides application of trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid as a herbicide. Specifically, trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid can be used as an active ingredient to be directly processed into a preparation for weed control, or used as a lead compound to form a compound with higher herbicidal activity through further structural modification or modification, and then applied to a herbicide.
In view of the fact that trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid also has strong inhibitory activity and weak selectivity on crops such as wheat, corn and the like, the trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid can be firstly used in non-cultivated land (such as leisure land, field side, roadside and the like) and crop fields insensitive to the trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid in practical application. When the environment is applied, no specific requirements are imposed on the specific application method, and a conventional stem leaf spraying method can be adopted.
When the herbicide is applied to wheat and corn fields, the herbicide can be applied by a soil treatment method after sowing and before seedling, so that the phytotoxicity to crops is avoided, and the weeding effect can be achieved. Wherein the soil treatment method comprises the following steps: before the crop is sown or before the emergence of seedlings after the crop is sown, the herbicide is applied to the soil to eliminate the weed seedlings.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid is separated from corn straws for the first time and is found to have excellent herbicidal activity, and the purity of the separated product is high by the extraction method of the trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid. The extraction method provided by the invention can effectively separate the trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid from the corn straws, turns waste into valuable and fully develops the utilization value of the corn straws.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of preliminary extracts of corn stover in example 1 on the inhibition of radicles and hypocotyls of lettuce seedlings; the inhibition effect on the radicles of the vegetable seedlings is shown on the left side, and the inhibition effect on the radicles of the vegetable seedlings is shown on the right side;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of preliminary extracts of corn stover in example 1 on the inhibition of radicles and hypocotyls of wheat seedlings; the inhibition effect on the radicle of the wheat seedling is shown on the left side, and the inhibition effect on the radicle of the wheat seedling is shown on the right side;
FIG. 3 shows the inhibitory effect of different extracts of 60% ethanol extracts from corn stover on wheat seedling radicle and hypocotyl; the inhibition effect on the radicle of the wheat seedling is shown on the left side, and the inhibition effect on the radicle of the wheat seedling is shown on the right side;
FIG. 4 shows the inhibitory effect of different extractions of 60% ethanol extracts from corn stover on the radicles and hypocotyls of lettuce seedlings; the inhibition effect on radicles is shown on the left side, and the inhibition effect on radicles is shown on the right side;
FIG. 5 shows the yields of the fractions separated from ethyl acetate phase;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the inhibition of Amaranthus retroflexus and Echinochloa crusgalli seedlings by trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid and pendimethalin; wherein the left test object is Amaranthus retroflexus, the right test object is Echinochloa crusgalli, IV is trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid, and VI is pendimethalin.
Note: vertical lines in the graph indicate standard error; lower case english letters are used to indicate the analysis of the significance of the difference in growth inhibition of radicle or hypocotyl between solvent extracts, the difference in letters indicating a significant difference at the 5% level.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Test materials and activity tracking methods
1. Test plant material
The research takes the maize straws (variety: longevity and benefit) collected from Qingdao Jimo high-prosperity farms as research materials. The climate in the ground is suitable, the four seasons are clear, and the annual average temperature is 12 ℃. Washing corn stalks with deionized water, naturally air drying outdoors, crushing with a graded superfine continuous crusher, and storing in a low-temperature seed cabinet at 6 ℃ for later use.
2. Recipient plant seed
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.) and Amaranthus retroflexus (Amaranthus Retroflexus L.) were used as recipient plants in this study. Wherein the wheat variety is Nicotiana No. 24, provided by Nicotiana agricultura; the lettuce variety is Yinongnian Gaila Hexixue lettuce purchased from Qingdao city Yang wholesale market seed station; amaranthus retroflexus and Echinochloa crusgalli were collected from the wastelands near Qingdao agricultural university where no herbicide was used. All the seeds of the test plants are stored in a seed cabinet at 6 ℃ for later use.
3. Activity tracking of extracts
In this study, the herbicidal (chemosensory) activity of each extract, extract and monomeric compound was measured by the agar method.
1) Treatment of test plant seeds
Soaking seeds of the plant to be tested in a 2% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10-15min, washing with distilled water for 5-6 times, and soaking in running water in a vessel for 6-8h to absorb water. Spreading two layers of kitchen paper in a square plate which is cleaned and disinfected by 75% alcohol, wetting the paper with distilled water, washing the plant seeds to be tested after water absorption with distilled water for a plurality of times, uniformly placing the seeds on the kitchen paper, covering the paper, placing the paper in a constant temperature climate incubator at 25 ℃ for accelerating germination, and keeping the radicles (seed roots) of the plant seedlings for later use when the radicles grow to 3-5 mm.
2) Preparation of extract-containing agar
Dissolving the extracts and monomer compounds in DMSO to obtain high-concentration mother solution. Then sucking a certain amount of mother liquor into 0.5% agar solution to prepare agar matrix containing extract. Agar medium containing only DMSO was used as a blank. The DMSO content remained consistent throughout the treatment.
3) Transplanting of test plant seedlings
Selecting receptor plant germinating seeds with basically consistent root length, firstly inserting 5 small holes on the surface of solidified agar culture medium by using sharp-nose tweezers, then gently inserting the radicle of the seed into 5 particles in each beaker, repeating for 3 times, placing the beaker in a paper box to shade light, and then culturing in a plant growth box for 3-4 days. The setting condition of the growth chamber is that the light is continuously circulated for 14h (25 ℃) and the dark is continuously circulated for 10h (20 ℃), and the relative humidity in the growth chamber is 60%.
4) Result measurement and data analysis
Each treated seedling was taken out of the beaker, and the length of its seed root (radicle) and coleoptile (hypocotyl) was measured with a vernier caliper to calculate the amount of growth. The data were analyzed using Excel software, the inhibition rates and standard errors for the radicle (radicle) and coleoptile (hypocotyl) were calculated, and the effective medium concentrations of each treatment were analyzed using SPSS software (EC 50).
Growth amount-treated radicle (or hypocotyl) length-untreated radicle (or hypocotyl) length
Inhibition (%) - (control growth amount-treated growth amount)/control growth amount × 100
EXAMPLE extraction separation of herbicidally active substances
1. Screening of extraction solvent
The activity of the extract is taken as an index, 60 percent methanol, 60 percent ethanol and water are taken as extraction solvents, and the solvent for extracting the weeding active substances in the corn straws is screened. Weighing 3 parts of 20g of corn straw powder in three conical flasks, extracting with 350mL of each of three solvents, sealing the opening of the conical flask with tinfoil paper, leaching in a constant-temperature shaking box at 25 ℃ for 3 days, filtering, and collecting the extract. Extracting for 3 times by the same method, mixing the filtrates of 3 times, and vacuum filtering. The extract of 60% methanol and 60% ethanol is rotary evaporated at 40 deg.C with rotary evaporator to obtain extract, and the water extract is subjected to water removal with freeze dryer, and then used for activity determination. The recipient plant is selected from wheat and lettuce, and represents Gramineae and broad-leaved plant respectively.
As shown in figure 1, each of the three solvent extracts showed significant inhibition of the growth of the radicle of the seedling of lettuce at 0.5 g.L-1The inhibition rates of the compounds are respectively 83.9 percent, 70.4 percent and 70.3 percent at the lowest treatment concentration, and are all obviously improved along with the increase of the treatment concentration, and the inhibition rates are 4 g.L-1The inhibition rate of the compound is more than 90% under the highest treatment concentration. But the inhibition effect on the growth of hypocotyl of lettuce seedlings is relatively low, and the difference between different extracts is large. Wherein the activity of the extract is relatively high at 0.5 g.L with 60% methanol and 60% ethanol-1～1g·L-1The inhibition rates under the treatment concentrations respectively reach 83.9-89.5 percent and 70.4-85.6 percent, and are respectively 4 g.L-1The time increases to 93.7% and 94.7%. The water extract is 0.5 g.L-1～1g·L-1The inhibition rate under the treatment concentration is less than 10 percent, and the inhibition activity is about 40 percent only under the high-concentration treatment.
As shown in figure 2, the extracts of three different solvents also showed strong inhibition effect on the growth of wheat seedlings, and the inhibition activity on the seed roots was higher than that on the coleoptiles. At 0.5 g.L-1～4.0g·L-1The inhibition rates of the 60% methanol, the 60% ethanol and the water extract on the wheat seedling seed roots (coleoptiles) are respectively 79.9% -92.0% (33.2% -92.0%), 71.7% -90.7% (2.3% -65.7%) and 58.1% -86.7% (23.9% -51.2%).
The results show that the inhibitory activity of the methanol and ethanol extracts on the growth of lettuce and wheat seedlings is basically equivalent but higher than that of the water extracts under the same concentration. 60% ethanol was chosen as the extraction solvent, considering the high toxicity of methanol and the difficulty of extracting the fat-soluble active substance with aqueous extracts.
Effect of different extractions of 2.60% ethanol extract on wheat and lettuce seedling growth
(1) The experimental method comprises the following steps:
weighing 10kg of corn straw powder, placing the corn straw powder into a sealed tank, adding 60% ethanol until the powder is soaked, placing the powder into a constant temperature box at 25 ℃ for leaching for 7 days, stirring the powder once every 8 hours, extracting the powder for 3 times, combining the extracting solutions for 3 times, performing vacuum filtration (No. 2 filter paper, Whatman) and then evaporating the extracting solution to dryness by using a rotary evaporator at 40 ℃ to obtain an extract.
Taking a 500mL separating funnel, fixing, pouring an extract (40g) of a corn straw 60% ethanol solution extract dispersed by deionized water, adding a certain amount of petroleum ether for extraction, removing a petroleum ether phase after a certain time, adding new petroleum ether for secondary extraction, circulating the steps until no compound is detected under an ultraviolet lamp by a TLC chromatographic plate, and combining all petroleum ether extract liquor. The residue was then extracted with ethyl acetate and n-butanol in the same manner. The combined extracts were vacuum filtered (Whatman, No2.) and the solvent evaporated by rotary evaporator (40 ℃ C.) to obtain an extract and weighed. Wherein the aqueous phase extract is weighed after drying in a freeze dryer. The herbicidal (sensate) activity of each extract was measured.
(2) Results of the experiment
As shown in FIG. 3, the concentration of the compound is 0.25 g.L for wheat seedlings-1～2g·L-1At the treatment concentration of (3), the extract was at 0.25 g.L except for the n-butanol phase-1～0.5g·L-1Shows a certain growth stimulating activity to the growth of the coleoptile at low concentration, and the four solvent extracts show different degrees of inhibitory activity to the growth of the seed root or the coleoptile. Wherein, the inhibition effect of the ethyl acetate phase extract is the highest, and the growth inhibition rates of the seed roots and the coleoptiles in the tested concentration range respectively reach 52.1-94.6 percent and 22.2-84.4 percent; the petroleum ether phase extraction is the second, and the inhibition rates of the petroleum ether phase extraction and the petroleum ether phase extraction are respectively 28.9-73.6% and 11.1-48.7%. Whereas the inhibitory activity of the n-butanol and aqueous phase extracts was relatively low.
As shown in fig. 4, for the seedlings of the green vegetables, the ethyl acetate phase and the petroleum ether phase extract both have a significant growth inhibition effect on the growth of radicles and hypocotyls of the seedlings, but the inhibitory activity on the radicles is higher than that on the hypocotyls. They are in the range of 0.25 g.L-1～2g·L-1The inhibition rates on the growth of radicle (hypocotyl) reach 81.8-100% (35.2-93.7%) and 38.6-97.2% (23.1-79.0%), respectively. The n-butanol and aqueous extracts were relatively low in activity and showed some inhibitory activity against radicle growth over the tested concentration range, but showed some inhibitory activity against hypocotyl growth only in the high concentration treatment and slight growth stimulating activity in the low concentration treatment.
The above results indicate that the ethyl acetate phase extract is the most biologically active, the petroleum ether phase is the less active, and the n-butanol phase and the aqueous phase are relatively less active, and therefore, further separation of the active species in the ethyl acetate phase extract and the petroleum ether phase extract is emphasized.
3. Separation of trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid from ethyl acetate phase extract
3.1 Ethyl acetate phase first-order column chromatography separation results and Activity measurement thereof
(1) The experimental method comprises the following steps: a12 cm X80 cm column was fixed to an iron support. 3000g of 200-mesh 300-mesh silica gel is weighed in a large beaker, petroleum ether is added until the silica gel is immersed, and stirring is carried out while adding, so as to remove bubbles. And filling the treated silica gel into a column by a wet method, and emptying the column by using petroleum ether for one day after filling the column. Weighing 40g of ethyl acetate phase extract, dissolving the ethyl acetate phase extract in a 500ml beaker by using a proper amount of acetone, adding 65g of silica gel (200 meshes and 300 meshes), continuously stirring and uniformly mixing, and loading the mixture into a column after the solvent is volatilized. Gradient elution was performed with petroleum ether/acetone mixed solution (1:0, 50:1, 25:1, 15:1, 10:1, 5:1, 1:1 and 0:1v/v) and acetone/methanol mixed solution (50:1, 25:1, 10:1, 5:1, 1:1 and 0:1v/v) as mobile phases. Tracking and collecting all components by TLC, combining the components with the same Rf value, respectively carrying out rotary evaporation to obtain n fractions of E1-En, weighing and calculating the yield of each component.
Wheat and lettuce were used as test plants and activity was measured according to the method described above. The fraction with the best activity and higher yield is selected for further column chromatographic separation, and the mobile phase composition used in the separation is found in the results and analysis part.
(2) The experimental results are as follows:
the separation result and the activity of the ethyl acetate phase first-stage column chromatography are confirmed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) that petroleum ether/acetone and acetone/methanol with different proportions are gradient eluents for separating ethyl acetate phase substances. 40g of ethyl acetate extract phase is taken to be subjected to primary column chromatography separation and purification to obtain 16 components of E1-E16, and the yield of each component is shown in figure 5. It can be seen that the yield of the E13 fraction is the highest, which is 17.8%, the yield of the E3 fraction is 12.8%, and the yields of the other fractions are relatively low.
Furthermore, wheat and lettuce were used as recipient plants, and 0.5 g.L was measured-1The herbicidal (chemosensory) activity of each fraction at the treatment concentration is shown in table 1. It can be seen that the fractions showed different degrees of inhibitory activity on the growth of lettuce and wheat seedlings, except that the E1 fraction showed a slight stimulation on the growth of the radicles and hypocotyls of lettuce seedlings. The activity of E3 fraction is highest, and the inhibition rate of the E3 fraction on the radicle of lettuce (hypocotyl) and the root of wheat seed (coleoptile) is respectively as high as 100% (80.7%) and 80.5% (69.2%). The next ones of the E13 fractions were 90.3% (46.2%) and 87.7% (75.7%), respectively, while the lowest of the E1 fraction was only-9.7% (-7.3%) and 8.4% (3.1%). The activity of the other fractions is intermediate between them. And E13 fraction is selected for further separation and purification by comprehensively considering the yield and the biological activity of each component.
TABLE 10.5 g.L-1Effect of ethyl acetate phase fractions on lettuce and wheat seedling growth at concentration
Figure BDA0002317140030000121
Figure BDA0002317140030000131
Note: the data in the table are mean ± sd of 3 replicates. Lower case letters in the same column indicate significant differences between fractions at the 0.05 level.
3.2E13 fraction two-stage column chromatography separation results and Activity measurement thereof
Petroleum ethers in varying proportions5 fractions of E13-1, E13-2, E13-3, E13-4 and E13-5 were separated from the E13 fraction by two-stage column chromatography using acetone (10:1, 5:1, 3:1, 2:1 and 0:1v/v) and acetone/methanol (10:1, 5:1, 3:1, 1:1 and 0:1v/v) as eluents, and the yields of the fractions were 25.7%, 16.5%, 14.0%, 13.2% and 30.6%, respectively. They are in the range of 0.3 g.L-1The effect on lettuce and wheat seedling growth at concentration is shown in table 2. As can be seen, the two fractions E13-1 and E13-2 both significantly inhibit the growth of seedlings of two kinds of recipient plants, and the inhibition rates of radicles (hypocotyls) and seed roots (coleoptiles) of the two kinds of recipient plants respectively reach 98.8% -100% (81.6% -84.8) and 87.0% -95.6% (78.7% -87.2%). The two fractions E13-3 and E13-4 showed relatively low inhibitory effect on the hypocotyls (coleoptiles) of 68.2-85.1% (62.0-76.7%) of the embryo roots (seed roots) but only 16.2-28.5% (31.7-49.6%) of the embryo roots (seed roots). The E13-5 fraction was less active and showed 52.2% higher inhibitory activity only on wheat seed roots. Taking the yield and biological activity of each component into comprehensive consideration, and selecting the high-activity fraction E13-1 to be directly used for preparative chromatographic separation for further purification.
TABLE 20.3 g.L-1Effect of E13 fractions on lettuce and wheat seedling growth at concentration
Figure BDA0002317140030000141
Note: the data in the table are mean ± sd of 3 replicates. Lower case letters in the same column indicate significant differences between fractions at the 0.05 level.
3.3 further isolation and structural characterization of the active substances in the E13-1 fraction
The E13-1 fraction was further separated by preparative chromatography, and only 1 compound, qn-9(17.5mg), was isolated and purified from the E13-1 fraction (153.8 mg).
The preparative chromatographic separation method comprises the following steps: the E13-1 fraction was purified by preparative HPLC chromatography using a π NAP semi-preparative column (250 mm. times.10 mm), and fractions were collected and combined according to the peak of the compound appearing on the detector. The mobile phase was 20% acetonitrile acid water (v/v; acid water: 0.5 ‰ trifluoroacetic acid was added to water) at a flow rate of 4mL/min, and only one compound qn-9 was obtained by elution with a retention time tR of 14.0 min.
And identifying the structure of qn-9 by utilizing spectra such as mass spectrum, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT spectrum, one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and the like, and determining the structure of the qn-9, namely trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid (also called p-hydroxycinnamic acid). Its C, H signal attributes are as follows:
trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid (qn-9): 1H-NMR (500MHz, CD3OD) δ:7.53(1H, d, J ═ 15.9Hz, H-7),7.37(2H, d, J ═ 8.6Hz, H-2,6),6.73(2H, d, J ═ 8.6Hz, H-3,5),6.21(1H, d, J15.9 Hz, H-8); 13C-NMR (125MHz, CD3OD) δ 171.1(C ═ O),161.1(C-4),146.6(C-7),131.1(C-2,6),127.2(C-1),116.8(C-3,5),115.6 (C-8).
The structural formula of trans-p-hydroxy cinnamic acid (qn-9) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002317140030000161
example herbicidal Activity assay of Di-trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid
1. Herbicidal activity of trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid
The effect of trans-para-hydroxycinnamic acid on wheat, lettuce, redroot amaranth and barnyard grass is shown in table 3. As can be seen from the table, trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid treated at different concentrations significantly inhibited the growth of seedlings of 4 test plants at 0.025 g.L-1The inhibition rates of the compound on the hypocotyls of lettuce and redroot amaranth and the coleus barnyardgrass are respectively 62.2%, 86.3%, 7.55% and 73.3% at the lowest treatment concentration, and the inhibition rates of the compound on the hypocotyls of lettuce and redroot amaranth and the coleoptiles of wheat and barnyard grass are respectively 33.4%, 60.3%, 0.82% and 38.0%, and the compound also has the overall expression that the inhibition activity on weeds is higher than that on crops, and the inhibition effect on dicotyledons is better than that of monocotyledons.
TABLE 3 Effect of trans-para-hydroxycinnamic acid on lettuce, Amaranthus retroflexus, wheat and barnyard grass seedling growth
Figure BDA0002317140030000171
Figure BDA0002317140030000181
Note: the data in the table are mean ± sd of 3 replicates. Lower case letters in the same column indicate significant differences between fractions at the 0.05 level.
2. Comparative test with conventional herbicides
To further verify the herbicidal activity of trans-hydroxycinnamic acid, a comparative test was carried out on pendimethalin, a common herbicide, and the results are shown in fig. 6 and table 4. Trans-p-hydroxy cinnamic acid 0.05 g.L-1At the concentration of 0.1 g.L for the recipient plant Amaranthus retroflexus-1Has obvious inhibiting effect on the growth of barnyard grass seedlings under the concentration. Wherein the inhibitory activity (96%) of trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid on the growth of the radicle of the amaranthus retroflexus is higher than that (92.0%) of a contrast medicament pendimethalin, and the inhibitory activity on the growth of the hypocotyl of the amaranthus retroflexus is not different from that of the contrast medicament pendimethalin; in the inhibition of barnyard grass seed roots, trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid has no significant difference from a control medicament. These results indicate that the herbicidal activity of trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid is higher than or equal to that of the control agent.
TABLE 4 comparison of herbicidal Activity of trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid with pendimethalin
Figure BDA0002317140030000182
Note: the data in the table are mean ± sd of 3 replicates. Lower case letters in the same column indicate significant differences between fractions at the 0.05 level.
It should be understood that the technical solutions and concepts of the present invention may be equally replaced or changed by those skilled in the art, and all such changes or substitutions should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. A method for extracting trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid from corn stalks is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. extraction: weighing corn straw powder, placing the corn straw powder in a sealed tank, adding 60% ethanol until the powder is soaked, placing the sealed tank in a constant temperature box at 25 ℃ for leaching for 7 days, collecting an extracting solution, stirring once every 7-9 hours, sequentially extracting for 2-4 times according to the method, combining all extracting solutions, performing vacuum filtration on the extracting solutions, and performing rotary evaporation to obtain a first extract;
B. and (3) extraction: dispersing the first extract by using deionized water, extracting the dispersion liquid by using petroleum ether with the volume 5 times of the dispersion liquid for 6 times, removing petroleum ether extract, extracting residues by using ethyl acetate with the volume 5 times of the dispersion liquid for 6 times, combining ethyl acetate extract, performing vacuum filtration, and evaporating the solvent by rotary evaporation to obtain a second extract;
C. and (3) chromatographic column separation:
performing primary column chromatography separation on the second extract: dissolving the second extract with acetone, adding silica gel, stirring, and adding into silica gel chromatographic column after acetone is volatilized; sequentially carrying out gradient elution by taking petroleum ether/acetone mixed solution with the volume ratio of 1:0, 50:1, 25:1, 15:1, 10:1, 5:1, 1:1 and 0:1 and acetone/methanol mixed solution with the volume ratio of 50:1, 25:1, 10:1, 5:1, 1:1 and 0:1 as mobile phases, tracing and collecting all eluted components by thin-layer chromatography, merging the components with the same Rf value, then respectively carrying out rotary evaporation to remove the solvent, obtaining 16 fractions of E1-E16 according to the elution sequence, and collecting high-activity fractions E3 and E13;
fraction E13 was subjected to secondary column chromatography: sequentially carrying out gradient elution by using petroleum ether/acetone mixed solution and acetone/methanol mixed solution in the volume ratio of 10:1, 5:1, 3:1, 2:1 and 0:1 as eluent, merging components with the same Rf value, respectively carrying out rotary evaporation to remove the solvent, separating from E13 fraction according to the elution sequence to obtain 5 fractions including E13-1, E13-2, E13-3, E13-4 and E13-5, and collecting high-activity E13-1 fraction;
and (3) purification: the E13-1 fraction was further purified by HPLC preparative chromatography to give only one compound qn-9, trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid.
2. The method for extracting trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid from corn stalk as claimed in claim 1 wherein step C is performed using 200-300 mesh silica gel with a chromatographic column size of 12cm x 80 cm.
3. The method for extracting trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid from corn stalk as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the separation and purification by HPLC preparative chromatography uses a π NAP semi-preparative column with a specification of 250mm x 10 mm.
4. The method for extracting trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid from corn stalks according to claim 1, wherein the method for separating the trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid from the fraction E3-1 by preparative chromatography specifically comprises the following steps: the mobile phase is prepared by adding 0.5 per mill of trifluoroacetic acid into 20 percent of acetonitrile acid water by volume percentage, the acid water is added into the water, the flow rate is 4mL/min, only one compound qn-9 is obtained by elution, and the retention time tR is 14.0 min.
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