CN111015142A - Hard alloy woodworking cutting milling cutter and processing technology thereof - Google Patents
Hard alloy woodworking cutting milling cutter and processing technology thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111015142A CN111015142A CN201911343075.9A CN201911343075A CN111015142A CN 111015142 A CN111015142 A CN 111015142A CN 201911343075 A CN201911343075 A CN 201911343075A CN 111015142 A CN111015142 A CN 111015142A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
- B23P15/34—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools milling cutters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27G—ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
- B27G13/00—Cutter blocks; Other rotary cutting tools
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hard alloy woodworking cutting milling cutter and a processing technology thereof, the hard alloy woodworking cutting milling cutter comprises a cutter handle and a cutter head, the cutter head is fixed on the cutter handle and comprises cutting parts, chip breakers and cutting edges, the cutting edges are two pairs, more than 2 chip breakers are arranged on one pair of cutting edges, the other pair of cutting edges do not have chip breakers, the two pairs of cutting edges are installed in a staggered mode, and the cutting parts are arranged between the cutting edges. The invention has the advantages that: compared with a soldering lug type hard alloy cutter, the hardness, the wear resistance and the service life of the cutting edge of the cutter are improved to a greater extent, the grinding and tool changing times of the cutter are reduced, and the cutting and grooving of the cutter are smoother; compared with the integral alloy cutter, the production cost of the cutter is reduced as much as possible, the cost performance of the cutter is higher, and the market competitiveness is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a hard alloy woodworking cutting milling cutter and a processing technology thereof, which combine the characteristics of a TCT three-edge cutting cutter and a TCT double-edge straight cutter and are suitable for efficient cutting processing of various wood plates such as shaving boards, density boards, double veneers and the like.
Background
The TCT three-edge cutting knife is always the first choice for high-speed cutting of plates, cutting is efficient, heat dissipation is fast, but the three-edge structure enables a cutting edge to have certain jumping, and once chip breaking grooves in the TCT three-edge cutting knife touch the edges of the plates, the edges of the plates are subjected to hair and edge explosion, particularly double-faced plates are machined, and the machining quality of the cutting knife is greatly influenced. Therefore, the problem that the TCT three-edge material cutting knife is prone to edge cracking is improved and promoted according to market demands.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a hard alloy woodworking cutting milling cutter and a processing technology thereof. The cutter handle of the hard alloy woodworking cutting milling cutter adopts carbon structural steel, the cutting edges adopt a full alloy structure, and the cutting edges are welded together in a high-frequency induction welding mode, so that the welding strength is ensured.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a hard alloy woodworking milling cutter comprises a cutter handle and a cutter head, wherein the cutter head is fixed on the cutter handle and comprises two pairs of cutting parts, chip breakers and cutting edges, more than 2 chip breakers are arranged on one pair of cutting edges, no chip breakers are arranged on the other pair of cutting edges, the two pairs of cutting edges are installed in a staggered mode, and the cutting parts are arranged between the cutting edges.
The invention adopts two cutting edges with different forms, wherein a pair of cutting edges of the cutting edges adopts the design of chip breakers, and a plurality of chip breakers are distributed in a staggered manner, so that the sawdust is broken as much as possible during cutting processing, the sawdust is easier to discharge, and the heat radiation and the stability of the cutter are improved; the pair of cutting edges without chip breakers can improve the cutting speed of the cutter, so that the surface of the plate achieves the quality of finish polishing, and the workpiece has better surface attractiveness; the problems that the TCT three-edge material cutting knife cannot cut materials at will, the chip breaking groove touches the edge of a plate and the edge is broken are solved, the tool is more flexible to use, and various processing and production requirements are met.
The cutting edge includes a straight edge and a double-bevel edge. Compared with a hard alloy woodworking cutting milling cutter with a straight edge, the cutting edges of the double-inclined cutting knife are respectively provided with a positive single inclination and a negative single inclination, so that the cutter has double-helix cutting feeling during cutting, the cutter has upward tension and downward pressure on a plate, and the cutter is tightly attached to the plate for cutting under the traction of the double acting force, so that the veneer of the plate is protected from being easily broken, the cutting on the surface of the veneer is more dry and crisp, and the milling cutter is more suitable for processing double veneers.
The cutting edge is a bevel edge with an angle theta, a straight edge without the angle theta, theta is positive monoclinic, and theta 1 is negative monoclinic.
Further, the cutting edges are divided into rough milling cutting edges and finish milling cutting edges, the inclination angle theta 1 of the rough milling cutting edges is-1 degrees to-5 degrees, and the inclination angle theta of the finish milling cutting edges is 1 degrees to 5 degrees.
Further, the clearance angle of the cutting edge is α, the end tooth angle of the cutting edge is β, the first and second side relief angles of the cutting edge are δ and δ 1, the first and second relief angles of the cutting edge are γ and γ 1, the clearance angle α is between 40 ° and 50 °, the end tooth angle β is between 2 ° and 7 °, the first side relief angle δ is between 10 ° and 22 °, the second side relief angle δ 1 is between 25 ° and 40 °, the first relief angle γ is between 12 ° and 25 °, and the second relief angle γ 1 is between 25 ° and 40 °.
A processing technology of a hard alloy woodworking cutting milling cutter comprises the following steps:
(1) alloy bar cutting: and cutting the long material according to the length dimension tolerance.
(2) Grinding without a heart mill: and grinding by rotating the grinding wheel at high speed.
(3) Fine grinding by a centerless grinder: the processing mode is the same as the rough grinding.
(4) Grinding and chamfering: and (5) grinding one end of the alloy bar to form a chamfer on a common grinding machine.
(5) And (4) full inspection: and (5) performing quality inspection on the outer diameter, the length and the runout of all the processed alloy rods by using a micrometer and a concentricity detector.
(6) Blanking of a cutter handle round bar punch: after the steps, the alloy bar is subjected to corresponding processing pretreatment, and the process is mainly used for blanking of the cutter handle material.
(7) Centerless grinding of the knife handle: and (4) performing through grinding on the cutter handle by adopting a centerless grinding machine.
(8) Turning a knife handle: and carrying out rough turning on the shape of the cutter body.
(9) And (3) rough punching: and roughly punching the top end of the cutter handle.
(10) Fine reaming: and (5) finely reaming by using a reamer.
(11) And (4) full inspection: and (5) fully checking the size of the inner hole of the cutter handle by using a go-no go gauge.
(12) Welding an alloy rod: the alloy bar is welded by high-frequency induction.
(13) Acid washing: boiling the heat-insulated welding piece in boiled water, then soaking in hydrochloric acid, removing the surface oxidation layer, taking out the welding piece, removing the surface hydrochloric acid solution with clear water, and then using the sodium nitrite solution for rust prevention of the cutter.
(14) Turning an arc: and (3) arc curves at the welding position of the turning tool handle.
(15) Manual sand blasting: and carrying out manual sand blasting treatment on the cutter body.
(16) Painting: the cutter adopts an automatic plastic spraying production line to perform automatic plastic spraying.
(17) Centerless grinding and rough grinding of the handle: and (5) roughly grinding the outer diameter of the cutter handle.
(18) Centerless grinding and fine grinding of the handle: and (4) accurately grinding the outer diameter of the cutter handle.
(19) Numerical control edging: the cutter is processed by adopting a numerical control five-axis machine tool, and the sharpening comprises seven parts of chip groove sharpening, chip groove polishing, fine grinding relief angle, excircle shovel back, end face tooth gap grinding, front end face fine grinding and chip groove cutting.
(20) And (4) checking: and carrying out spot check on the edged cutter by using a projector.
Further, welding the alloy rod: during welding, firstly, solder is placed in an inner hole of the tool handle, the tool handle and the alloy rod are respectively arranged on the welding fixtures 1 and 2, the welding fixture 2 is started to move towards the fixture 1, one end, with the chamfer angle, of the alloy rod is inserted into the inner hole of the tool handle, and the fixture 2 starts to rotate to drive the alloy rod to rotate. Then, the high-frequency induction heating device heats the alloy rod and the alloy rod, the heating temperature is 580-620 ℃, the heating time is 5-6 s, the clamp 2 moves left and right during heating, the alloy rod is driven to move, and after heating is finished, the clamp 2 stops rotating and moving the alloy rod. And detecting the circular runout of the alloy bar after welding, wherein the runout is not more than phi 0.1 mm. After welding, the cutter alloy rod and the welding part need to be inserted into lime powder at 200 ℃ for heat preservation, and the heat preservation is continued for 4 hours.
Further, the sharpening method specifically comprises the following steps:
a. chip groove cutting: the grinding wheel is processed by a 1A1 fine grinding wheel with phi 60X 6X 90 mesh number of 180#, the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 20m/s, and the feeding speed v is 60 mm/min. During grooving, the workpiece is machined from the far cutter end to the near cutter end, and during grooving, the workpiece is machined from the far cutter end to the near cutter end, the cutting machining length is 10.9mm, and the grooving is finishedThe rear cutter rotates by 90 degrees to process the second blade, the cutting processing of 4 blades is completed in sequence, and the core diameter of the cutter is ensured to be within the range
Within the range.
b. Chip groove polishing: polishing by using a fine grinding wheel which is the same as the chip grooves, wherein the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 20m/s, and the feeding speed v is 200 mm/min. During polishing, the same way as grooving, the polishing length is 10.9mm, and the diameter of the core is ensured to be within the range
Within the range.
c. Fine grinding clearance angle: the 11V9 bowl-type fine grinding wheel with phi 100 x 30 meshes of 280# is adopted for processing, the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 27m/s, and the feeding speed is 200 mm/min. When the process is carried out, the grinding wheel deflects 4-6 degrees, the tool is processed by the excircle side of the grinding wheel from the position of the tool close to the welding position to the tool tip, and the processing length is within
Within the range. The fine grinding back angle also comprises allowance removal, secondary back angle grinding and primary back angle grinding. When the allowance is removed, the outer diameter of the alloy rod is ground to
The second back angle is firstly ground, the angle is 25-40 degrees, and the width is 1.4 mm. Regrinding the first back angle with an angle of 12-25 DEG and a width
d. Backing off the excircle: and the bowl-shaped grinding wheel with the same accurate grinding back angle is adopted for processing, and the processing mode is also the same. The linear speed of the grinding wheel is 27m/s during operation, and the feeding speed is 400 mm/min. When shoveling the back, the shoveling back is carried out for 2 times, and the back diameter is 4.8 mm.
c. Grinding end face tooth gaps: the grinding wheel is processed by a 12V 945-degree fine grinding wheel with phi 125 × 25 meshes of 280#, the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 27m/s, and the feeding speed is 40 mm/min. After grinding, the tooth clearance angle is ensured to be between 40 and 50 degrees.
d. Grinding the front end face: the 11V9 bowl-shaped fine grinding wheel with phi 100 x 30 meshes of 280# is adopted for processing, the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 27mm/s, the feeding speed is 60mm/min, the cutter rotates 90 degrees after one edge is ground, and the end tooth angle and the side back angle of four edges are respectively ground. The end tooth angle is between 2 degrees and 7 degrees, the side back angle is a double back angle structure, the first back angle is between 10 degrees and 22 degrees, and the second back angle is between 25 degrees and 40 degrees.
c. Cutting off chip grooves: an electroplating grinding wheel with the number of 400# R0.5 meshes is adopted, the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 20m/s, and the feeding speed is 100 mm/min. And respectively processing two corresponding teeth according to the distribution of the chip breakers marked on the drawing.
After the (20) test, the shank was again ground by centerless grinding: the outer diameter of the fine grinding cutter handle is equal to
The roundness of the knife handle is between 0.005mm and 0.008 mm. The grinding handle adopts cut-in type centerless grinding, a cutter is manually placed on an axial positioning supporting plate between a grinding wheel and a guide wheel and is pressed by an ejector rod, the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 45m/s, the speed of the guide wheel is 12r/min, the grinding time of an alloy rod is controlled to be 3-4 s, and the cutter is taken out and placed on a bracket after grinding is finished.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with a soldering lug type hard alloy cutter, the hardness, the wear resistance and the service life of the cutting edge of the cutter are improved to a greater extent, the grinding and tool changing times of the cutter are reduced, and the cutting and grooving of the cutter are smoother; compared with the integral alloy cutter, the production cost of the cutter is reduced as much as possible, the cost performance of the cutter is higher, and the market competitiveness is higher.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a TCT straight-edge hard alloy woodworking milling cutter;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a TCT double-bevel cemented carbide woodworking milling cutter;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of arrangement of rough milling and finish milling cutting edges;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the inclination angle of the TCT double-bevel cemented carbide woodworking cutting milling blade;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the angle parameters of a TCT double bevel cemented carbide woodworking slotting cutter;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the tool shank and the alloy bar before welding;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the wall thickness of a cemented carbide woodworking milling cutter shank;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of basic structural parameters of 1/2 × 6 × 20 cemented carbide woodworking slitting mill.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, two types of woodworking milling cutters made of cemented carbide according to the present invention are shown, in which fig. 1 shows a TCT straight-edge woodworking milling cutter made of cemented carbide, and fig. 2 shows a TCT double-bevel woodworking milling cutter made of cemented carbide. The two cutters are similar in structure and comprise a cutter handle 1, a positioning ring 2, a cutting part 3, a chip breaker groove 4, a cutting edge 5, a cutting edge 6, a positioning step 7, a cutting edge 8 and a cutting edge 9. The utility model provides a carbide carpenter cuts material milling cutter, includes handle of a knife, tool bit, and the tool bit is fixed on handle of a knife 1, and the tool bit includes position circle 2, cutting part 3, chip breaker 4, cutting edge 5, location step 7, and the cutting edge is two pairs, and it has 3 chip breaker 4 to open on a pair of cutting edge 5, and another pair of cutting edge 6 does not have chip breaker 4, and two pairs of cutting edges dislocation installation have the cutting part between the cutting edge.
(2) The cutter handle 1 of the hard alloy woodworking cutting milling cutter disclosed by the invention is made of high-quality carbon structural steel, so that the cutter has better mechanical strength on the premise of ensuring the excellent cutting and machining performance of the cutter. The hard alloy woodworking cutting milling cutter is suitable for processing high-precision grooving and cutting, the precision of an adaptive chuck is high, and the precision requirement on a cutter handle 1 is strict, so that the cutter handle 1 is repeatedly ground by a centerless grinding machine, and the size deviation is within a range of 15 micrometers.
(3) The positioning is slightly different due to the different diameters of the tool edges shown in fig. 1 and 2. Figure 1 adopts plastics position circle 2 as the location benchmark when the cutter clamping, and this to the operation workman, the clamping location of cutter is surveyability more, improves the cutter and changes efficiency, and position circle 2 is detachable design simultaneously, makes position circle 2 can replace wantonly. Figure 2 adopts the benchmark when location step 7 is as the cutter clamping, originally, for the convenience of the clamping of cutter, beats anti-K in handle of a knife department with laser marking machine, but probably there is the condition of anti-K line unclear or handle of a knife wearing and tearing, and is comparatively arduous during the clamping, consequently when using this design location step, cutter one dress is just suitable centre gripping length, and the cutter uses simple and clear more.
(4) The cutting part 3 adopts an ultrafine particle alloy round bar, the Co content of the bar is less than 3%, the hardness of the bar is greater than HRA94.5, the finished product of the cutter has good wear resistance, long service life and wide application range of the cutter, and the cutter can be used for processing plates such as shaving boards, density boards, medium density fiber boards and the like.
The TCT straight-edge cemented carbide woodworking cutting mill and the TCT double-bevel cemented carbide woodworking cutting mill shown in figures 1 and 2 both comprise two cutting edges of rough milling and finish milling. As shown in fig. 3, the arrangement sequence of the woodworking milling cutter for cutting hard alloy material is that the rough milling cutting edge and the finish milling cutting edge are arranged in a staggered manner. The rough milling cutting edge is provided with a chip breaker groove for cutting wood fibers, so that the wood chips are cut into more pieces, the wood chips are convenient to discharge, the cutter is lighter and faster to use, and the cutter still has good cutting performance even under the condition of high cutting speed. The finish milling cutting edge is not provided with a chip breaker groove and is used for polishing the surface of a plate and improving the surface smoothness of the cutter. The innovation in the design combines the advantages of the TCT double-edge straight knife and the TCT three-edge cutting knife, so that the cutting knife has higher cutting speed, and the edge burst of the plate is avoided to a greater extent.
As shown in fig. 4, the cutting edge inclination angles of the cutting edges are roughly milled and finely milled for the TCT double-bevel cemented carbide woodworking open mill. The inclined design of the cutting edge enables the cutting edge to gradually cut into the plate when the cutter is used for machining, and the load applied to the cutter is gradually increased, so that the stability and the machining precision of the cutter in cutting machining are improved.
The TCT double-bevel hard alloy woodworking cutting milling cutter adopts two blade inclination angles. The rough milling is negative monoclinic, and the finish milling is positive monoclinic. When the plate is rotationally processed, a state of micro double helix is formed, so that the cutting edge not only has horizontal cutting force to the plate, but also has downward and upward force. Under the action force of the extrusion of the two parts, the cutter is tightly attached to the plate for cutting, so that the plate attaching surface can be effectively protected, and the cutting surface is cleaner and cleaner.
In consideration of the strength problem of the cutter, the edge inclination angle is not suitable to be too large, the rough milling cutting edge inclination angle theta is designed to be between-1 degrees and-5 degrees, and the finish milling cutting edge inclination angle theta is designed to be between 1 degrees and 5 degrees.
(5) Referring to fig. 5, the angle parameters of the woodworking milling cutter for cemented carbide according to the present invention are shown, wherein α is a clearance angle, β is an end tooth angle, δ and δ 1 are first and second side relief angles of a cutting edge, and γ 1 are first and second relief angles of the cutting edge.
After the tooth clearance angle is added, the end tooth angle can be over-centered, so that the cutter has a cutter similar to a drill bit, and the cutter is not difficult to cut whether the cutter is vertically lowered or lowered. Meanwhile, the tooth clearance groove avoids the problems that chips are squeezed and the sawdust cannot be discharged during groove cutting, the chip removal capability of a cutter is improved, and the surface smoothness of the groove bottom is improved. The tooth clearance angle is generally designed to be between 40 and 50 degrees.
Each edge of the hard alloy woodworking milling cutter is ground with an end tooth angle β, so that the cutter has the functions of processing a groove bottom and drilling downwards, and the end tooth angle is between 2 and 7 degrees.
The first side relief angle and the second side relief angle of the hard alloy woodworking cutting milling cutter effectively reduce friction between the side surface of a cutting edge of the cutter and the surface of a workpiece, reduce surface roughness of a plate, improve the attractiveness of the bottom of a cutting groove, and enable the first side relief angle delta to be between 10 degrees and 22 degrees and the second side relief angle delta 1 to be between 25 degrees and 40 degrees.
The utility model provides a carbide carpenter cuts material milling cutter has adopted the design of two relief angles, and first relief angle is the main cutting heat of cutter, and the size direct influence sharpness and the incorruptibility of cutter of first relief angle, and the design of first relief angle is between 12 ~ 25. The second back angle can avoid the friction between the back of the knife and the plate, reduce the friction heat and improve the cutting performance of the cutter.
(6) FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the tool shank and the alloy bar prior to welding. The handle of a knife is welded before turning the transition arc for improve the welding strength of cutter, reduce cutter welding disability rate. An inner hole is formed in the position of the cutter handle and used for inserting and welding the alloy rod. The alloy bar needs to be subjected to two-time through-grinding, so that the high precision of the size of the alloy bar is ensured, and the welding success rate is improved.
The cutter adopts high frequency induction heating equipment to weld and forms, and in welding process, the alloy rod needs constantly to rotate and control, and the solder of being convenient for is at the flow of the handle of a knife inner wall that punches, increases the area of contact of solder and alloy rod, handle of a knife, improves cutter welding strength.
After the tool is welded and a series of surface treatments are carried out, the handle needs to be turned again, and a transition arc at the welding position of the tool handle needs to be turned out, as shown in fig. 7.
In the use process of the cutter, the cutter is subjected to large load, the wall thickness of the cutter handle is thin at the welding part of the cutter and the alloy rod, the cutter is easy to break, the service life of the cutter is influenced, and the production safety of operators is seriously influenced. Therefore, the wall thickness of the position H of the cutter is 0.5-1 mm under the condition of ensuring the attractive appearance of the cutter.
The basic parameters of the woodworking milling cutter with the specification of 1/2 × 6 × 20 of the hard alloy are shown in figure 8,
the processing technology comprises the following steps:
alloy bar cutting → centerless grinding rough grinding → centerless grinding finish → grinding chamfer → full inspection of round bar stock punch blanking → centerless grinding shank → lath handle → rough punching → fine reaming hole → full inspection → welding alloy bar → acid cleaning → lath arc → manual sand blasting → spray painting → centerless grinding rough grinding shank → centerless grinding shank → numerical control edging → inspection → centerless grinding shank → inspection → cleaning → antirust oil coating → packaging → warehousing.
The above steps are explained in detail:
(1) alloy bar cutting: taking materials from a warehouse according to the alloy rod mark, the outer diameter and the length dimension marked by the drawing, and cutting the long material according to the length dimension tolerance to ensure that the dimension of the alloy rod is within the tolerance range. The hard alloy woodworking cutting milling cutter adopts an ultrafine particle alloy rod with Co content<3%, hardness is greater than HRA94.5, and the size of the cut material is
Within the range.
(2) Grinding without a heart mill: the tolerance of the outer diameter of the alloy rod after coarse grinding is
The circle run-out is controlled within 0.06 mm. The alloy rod adopts vibration dish and guide rail to realize autoloading, and the emery wheel rotates at a high speed and grinds, and the guide pulley adopts and grinds with the emery wheel syntropy but the speed rotation that is slow, makes the alloy rod also autogiration when passing through the emery wheel, guarantees that the alloy rod can fully be ground, and the device of full automatization reduces production manufacturing cost by a wide margin like this, improves production productivity. The linear speed of the grinding wheel is 40m/s, the speed of the guide wheel is 20r/min, and the passing time of the alloy rod is controlled to be 2-3 s.
(3) Fine grinding by a centerless grinder: the tolerance of the external diameter dimension of the ground alloy rod is
The circle run-out is controlled within 0.01 mm. The processing mode is the same as the rough grinding, and is a pass-through mode. At the moment, the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 45m/s, the speed of the guide wheel is 15r/min, and the passing time of the alloy rod is controlled to be 3-4 s.
(4) Grinding and chamfering: and grinding one end of the alloy bar by a 0.3-45-degree chamfer on a common grinding machine. And when chamfering, the grinding wheel adopts an electroplated emery grinding wheel with the granularity of 150#, the specification of phi 100 x 20 x 90 degrees, the linear speed is 35m/s, and the time is controlled to be about 2 s.
(5) And (4) full inspection: and (3) performing quality inspection on the outer diameter, the length and the runout of all the machined alloy rods by adopting a micrometer and a concentricity detector, re-cutting or grinding the machined alloy rods if the machined alloy rods are large in size, and not using the machined alloy rods if the machined alloy rods are small in size and large in runout, so that the follow-up procedures are ensured to be performed smoothly.
(6) Blanking of a cutter handle round bar punch: after the steps, the alloy bar is subjected to corresponding processing pretreatment, and the process is mainly used for blanking of the cutter handle material. A No. 45 steel long bar with the diameter of phi 13 is cut by a punch according to the outer diameter and the length of a knife handle on a drawing, cutting allowance is provided for the next process, and the length of the bar is guaranteed to be within the range of 47 +/-0.1 mm.
(7) Is free ofC, core grinding the knife handle: according to the requirement of a drawing on the outer diameter size of the cutter handle, a centerless grinder is adopted to carry out through grinding on the cutter handle, and the requirement of dimensional tolerance is
The same way as the alloy rod processing method, the automatic feeding of the vibrating disk is adopted, and the grinding is carried out in a pass mode. The linear speed of the grinding wheel is 40m/s, the speed of the guide wheel is r/min, and the grinding time of the alloy rod is controlled to be 1.5-2 s.
(8) Turning a knife handle: and carrying out rough turning on the shape of the cutter body according to the requirement of a drawing. The end face of the tool shank is firstly flattened, the total length of the tool shank is controlled within the range of 46 +/-0.1 mm, then a positioning ring assembling groove is turned, the assembling groove is a semicircular groove with the radius R being 0.9, the tool shank turns around, the other end of the tool shank is rounded, and the radius R of the rounded corner is 1 mm. When the lathe is machined, the main shaft rotates at a high speed, the rotating speed n is 1600r/min, the lathe tool is machined by adopting a 60-degree machine tool, the feed speed f is 360mm/min, and the back bite is 0.2 mm.
(9) And (3) rough punching: roughly punching the top end of the tool holder according to the specification of a drawing, selecting a phi 5.8 twist drill and controlling the depth to be
Within the range, the rotating speed n of the twist drill is 1200r/min, the feed speed f is 100mm/min, and the coaxiality is controlled within phi 0.1 mm.
(10) Fine reaming: selecting a phi 6.15 reamer for fine reaming, wherein the reaming depth is
The rotating speed n of the reamer is 800r/min, the reaming speed v is 4mm/min, the inner hole has good smoothness, no wavy lines or taper, and the coaxiality is controlled within phi 0.05 mm.
(11) And (4) full inspection: and (5) fully checking the size of the inner hole of the cutter handle by using a go-no go gauge.
(12) Welding an alloy rod: the alloy bar adopts high-frequency induction welding, and the specification of the solder is phi 3 x 5.2. During welding, firstly, solder is placed in an inner hole of the tool handle, the tool handle and the alloy rod are respectively arranged on the welding fixtures 1 and 2, the welding fixture 2 is started to move towards the fixture 1, one end, with the chamfer angle, of the alloy rod is inserted into the inner hole of the tool handle, and the fixture 2 starts to rotate to drive the alloy rod to rotate. Then, the high-frequency induction heating device heats the alloy rod and the alloy rod, the heating temperature is 580-620 ℃, the heating time is 5-6 s, the clamp 2 moves left and right during heating, the alloy rod is driven to move, and after heating is finished, the clamp 2 stops rotating and moving the alloy rod. And detecting the circular runout of the alloy bar after welding, wherein the runout is not more than phi 0.1 mm. After welding, the cutter alloy rod and the welding part need to be inserted into lime powder at 200 ℃ for heat preservation, and the heat preservation is continued for 4 hours.
(13) Acid washing: and boiling the heat-insulated welding piece in boiling water for 15-20 minutes, then soaking the welding piece in hydrochloric acid for 20-30 minutes, removing a surface oxidation layer, taking out the welding piece, removing a surface hydrochloric acid solution by using clear water, and then soaking the welding piece in a sodium nitrite solution for 1-2 minutes for rust prevention of a cutter.
(14) Turning an arc: and turning the arc curve of the welding position of the tool handle according to the drawing size.
(15) Manual sand blasting: the cutter body is subjected to manual sand blasting treatment to remove burrs, stains and the like formed in the machining process, and the surface attractiveness is improved. The shot blasting adopts 304 stainless steel shot with the diameter of 0.3mm, and the welding position cannot be damaged.
(16) Painting: the cutter adopts an automatic plastic spraying production line to perform automatic plastic spraying. The cutting tools are inserted into the paint spraying frame respectively, the paint spraying frame is hung on a production line for paint spraying, and the cutting tools are taken down and placed on the cutting tool tray after the paint spraying.
(17) Centerless grinding and rough grinding of the handle: rough grinding of the outer diameter of the tool shank to
The roundness of the knife handle is between 0.01mm and 0.02 mm. The grinding handle is cut-in type centerless grinding, a cutter is placed on an axial positioning supporting plate between a grinding wheel and a guide wheel and is pressed by an ejector rod, the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 40m/s, the speed of the guide wheel is 20r/min, and the grinding time of the alloy rod is controlled to be 2-3 s.
(18) Centerless grinding and fine grinding of the handle: the outer diameter of the fine grinding cutter handle is equal to
The roundness of the knife handle is between 0.02mm and 0.05 mm. Grinding the shank by cuttingThe method comprises the following steps of carrying out type centerless grinding, manually placing a cutter on an axial positioning supporting plate between a grinding wheel and a guide wheel, pressing the cutter by using an ejector rod, controlling the linear speed of the grinding wheel to be 45m/s, the speed of the guide wheel to be 15r/min, controlling the grinding time of an alloy rod to be 2-3 s, and taking out the cutter after grinding and placing the cutter on a bracket.
(19) Numerical control edging: the cutter is processed by adopting a numerical control five-axis machine tool, and is clamped by a high-precision chuck. The specific steps of the hard alloy woodworking material cutting milling cutter edge cutting comprise seven parts of chip groove cutting, chip groove polishing, fine grinding relief angle, excircle back shoveling, end face tooth gap grinding, front end face fine grinding and chip groove cutting.
a. Chip groove cutting: the grinding wheel is processed by a 1A1 fine grinding wheel with phi 60X 6X 90 mesh number of 180#, the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 20m/s, and the feeding speed v is 60 mm/min. During grooving, the cutter core diameter is ensured to be within the range of the cutter core diameter after machining and forming, the cutting machining length is 10.9mm, the cutter is rotated by 90 degrees to machine the second edge, the cutting machining of 4 edges is completed in sequence, and the cutter core diameter is ensured to be within the range of the cutter core diameter after machining and forming
Within the range.
b. Chip groove polishing: polishing by using a fine grinding wheel which is the same as the chip grooves, wherein the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 20m/s, and the feeding speed v is 200 mm/min. During polishing, the same way as grooving, the polishing length is 10.9mm, and the diameter of the core is ensured to be within the range
Within the range.
c. Fine grinding clearance angle: the 11V9 bowl-type fine grinding wheel with phi 100 x 30 meshes of 280# is adopted for processing, the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 27m/s, and the feeding speed is 200 mm/min. When the process is carried out, the grinding wheel deflects 4-6 degrees, the tool is processed by the excircle side of the grinding wheel from the position of the tool close to the welding position to the tool tip, and the processing length is within
Within the range. The fine grinding back angle also comprises allowance removal, secondary back angle grinding and primary back angle grinding. Removing the allowance to obtain the alloyThe outer diameter of the rod is ground to
The second back angle is firstly ground, the angle is 25-40 degrees, and the width is 1.4 mm. Regrinding the first back angle with an angle of 12-25 DEG and a width
d. Backing off the excircle: and the bowl-shaped grinding wheel with the same accurate grinding back angle is adopted for processing, and the processing mode is also the same. The linear speed of the grinding wheel is 27m/s during operation, and the feeding speed is 400 mm/min. When shoveling the back, the shoveling back is carried out for 2 times, and the back diameter is 4.8 mm.
c. Grinding end face tooth gaps: the grinding wheel is processed by a 12V 945-degree fine grinding wheel with phi 125 × 25 meshes of 280#, the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 27m/s, and the feeding speed is 40 mm/min. After grinding, the tooth clearance angle is ensured to be between 40 and 50 degrees.
d. Grinding the front end face: the 11V9 bowl-shaped fine grinding wheel with phi 100 x 30 meshes of 280# is adopted for processing, the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 27mm/s, the feeding speed is 60mm/min, the cutter rotates 90 degrees after one edge is ground, and the end tooth angle and the side back angle of four edges are respectively ground. The end tooth angle is between 2 degrees and 7 degrees, the side back angle is a double back angle structure, the first back angle is between 10 degrees and 22 degrees, and the second back angle is between 25 degrees and 40 degrees.
c. Cutting off chip grooves: an electroplating grinding wheel with the number of 400# R0.5 meshes is adopted, the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 20m/s, and the feeding speed is 100 mm/min. And respectively processing two corresponding teeth according to the distribution of the chip breakers marked on the drawing.
(20) And (4) checking: and carrying out spot check on the edged cutter by using a projector. And detecting the sizes of various data of the cutter according to the drawing.
(21) Centerless grinding and fine grinding of the handle: the outer diameter of the fine grinding cutter handle is equal to
The roundness of the knife handle is between 0.005mm and 0.008 mm. The grinding handle adopts cut-in type centerless grinding, a cutter is manually placed on an axial positioning supporting plate between a grinding wheel and a guide wheel and is pressed by a mandril, the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 45m/s, the speed of the guide wheel is 12r/min, and the grinding time of the alloy rod is controlled to be within the range ofAnd 3-4 s, taking out the cutter after grinding and placing the cutter on the bracket.
(22) And (4) checking: and (4) carrying out full inspection on the handle diameter of the cutter handle by using a micrometer according to the drawing size.
(23) Cleaning: and cleaning the cutter by using an ultrasonic cleaner to remove surface stains. The cleaning time is 4-5 min.
(24) Coating antirust oil: and (3) the cleaned cutter is coated with dehydrated anti-rust oil and then coated with anti-rust oil, so that the cutter is prevented from being oxidized and rusted.
(25) Marking: the brand Logo is marked on the handle of the cutter, and the specification and the production date of the product require the laser mark to be clear and beautiful.
(26) Packaging: the handle of the cutter is provided with the black plastic positioning ring and then the cutter is packaged, and the cutter cannot be touched to damage the cutting edge during packaging, so that the use of the cutter is influenced.
(27) Warehousing: and warehousing the machined and packaged cutters according to the types and specifications.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a carbide carpenter cuts material milling cutter which characterized in that: the cutting head is fixed on the handle and comprises two pairs of cutting edges, more than 2 chip breakers are arranged on one pair of cutting edges, the other pair of cutting edges has no chip breakers, the two pairs of cutting edges are installed in a staggered mode, and the cutting part is arranged between the cutting edges.
2. The carbide woodworking milling cutter as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cutting edge includes a straight edge and a double-bevel edge.
3. The carbide woodworking milling cutter as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cutting edges are divided into rough milling cutting edges and finish milling cutting edges, the inclination angle theta of the rough milling cutting edges is-1 degrees to-5 degrees, and the inclination angle theta of the finish milling cutting edges is 1 degree to 5 degrees.
4. A woodworking milling cutter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cutting edge has a clearance angle of α, an end tooth angle of β, first and second side relief angles of δ and δ 1, first and second relief angles of γ and γ 1, a clearance angle α of 40 ° to 50 °, an end tooth angle β of 2 ° to 7 °, a first side relief angle δ of 10 ° to 22 °, a second side relief angle δ 1 of 25 ° to 40 °, a first relief angle γ of 12 ° to 25 °, and a second relief angle γ 1 of 25 ° to 40 °.
5. The woodworking milling cutter machining process for hard alloys according to claims 1 to 4, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) alloy bar cutting: cutting the long material according to the length size tolerance;
(2) grinding without a heart mill: grinding by high-speed rotation of the grinding wheel;
(3) fine grinding by a centerless grinder: the processing mode is the same as the rough grinding;
(4) grinding and chamfering: chamfering one end of the alloy bar on a common grinding machine;
(5) and (4) full inspection: performing quality inspection on the outer diameter, the length and the runout of all the processed alloy rods by using a micrometer and a concentricity detector;
(6) blanking of a cutter handle round bar punch: after the steps, the alloy bar is subjected to corresponding processing pretreatment, and the process is mainly used for blanking of the material of the cutter handle;
(7) centerless grinding of the knife handle: the tool shank is subjected to through grinding by adopting a centerless grinding machine;
(8) turning a knife handle: carrying out rough turning on the shape of the cutter body;
(9) and (3) rough punching: roughly punching the top end of the cutter handle;
(10) fine reaming: finely reaming by using a reamer;
(11) and (4) full inspection: fully checking the size of the inner hole of the cutter handle by using a go-no go gauge;
(12) welding an alloy rod: the alloy bar is welded by high-frequency induction;
(13) acid washing: boiling the heat-insulated welding part in boiled water, then transferring the welding part into hydrochloric acid for soaking, removing a surface oxidation layer, taking out the welding part, removing surface hydrochloric acid liquid by using clear water, and then using a sodium nitrite solution for rust prevention of a cutter;
(14) turning an arc: an arc curve at the welding position of the turning tool handle;
(15) manual sand blasting: carrying out manual sand blasting treatment on the cutter body;
(16) painting: the cutter adopts an automatic plastic spraying production line to perform automatic plastic spraying;
(17) centerless grinding and rough grinding of the handle: roughly grinding the outer diameter of the cutter handle;
(18) centerless grinding and fine grinding of the handle: finely grinding the outer diameter of the cutter handle;
(19) numerical control edging: the cutter is processed by adopting a numerical control five-axis machine tool, and the sharpening comprises seven parts of chip groove sharpening, chip groove polishing, fine grinding relief angle, excircle back-shoveling, end face tooth gap grinding, front end face fine grinding and chip groove cutting;
(20) and (4) checking: and carrying out spot check on the edged cutter by using a projector.
6. The woodworking milling cutter machining process for hard alloys according to claim 5, wherein the woodworking milling cutter machining process comprises the following steps: welding the alloy rod in the step (12): during welding, firstly, solder is placed in an inner hole of the tool handle, the tool handle and the alloy rod are respectively arranged on the welding fixtures 1 and 2, the device is started, the welding fixture 2 is made to move towards the fixture 1, the end, with the chamfer angle, of the alloy rod is inserted into the inner hole of the tool handle, and the fixture 2 starts to rotate to drive the alloy rod to rotate; then, the high-frequency induction heating device heats the alloy rod and the alloy rod, the heating temperature is 580-620 ℃, the heating time is 5-6 s, the clamp 2 moves left and right during heating to drive the alloy rod to move, and after heating is finished, the clamp 2 stops rotating and moving the alloy rod; detecting the circular runout of the alloy bar after welding, wherein the runout is not more than phi 0.1 mm; after welding, the cutter alloy rod and the welding part need to be inserted into lime powder at 200 ℃ for heat preservation, and the heat preservation is continued for 4 hours.
7. The carbide woodworking milling cutter as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the sharpening in the step (19) comprises the following specific steps:
a. chip groove cutting: processing by using a 1A1 fine grinding wheel with phi 60, 6, 90-degree mesh number of 180#, wherein the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 20m/sThe feeding speed v is 60 mm/min; during grooving, the cutter core diameter is ensured to be within the range of the cutter core diameter after machining and forming, the cutting machining length is 10.9mm, the cutter is rotated by 90 degrees to machine the second edge, the cutting machining of 4 edges is completed in sequence, and the cutter core diameter is ensured to be within the range of the cutter core diameter after machining and forming
Within the range;
b. chip groove polishing: polishing by adopting a fine grinding wheel which is the same as the chip groove, wherein the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 20m/s, and the feeding speed v is 200 mm/min; during polishing, the same way as grooving, the polishing length is 10.9mm, and the diameter of the core is ensured to be within the range
Within the range;
c. fine grinding clearance angle: processing by using an 11V9 bowl-shaped fine grinding wheel with phi 100, 30 meshes and 280#, wherein the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 27m/s, and the feeding speed is 200 mm/min; when the process is carried out, the grinding wheel deflects 4-6 degrees, the tool is processed by the excircle side of the grinding wheel from the position of the tool close to the welding position to the tool tip, and the processing length is within
Within the range; the fine grinding back angle also comprises allowance removal, second back angle grinding and first back angle grinding; when the allowance is removed, the outer diameter of the alloy rod is ground to
Firstly grinding a second back angle, wherein the angle is 25-40 degrees and the width is 1.4 mm; regrinding the first back angle with an angle of 12-25 DEG and a width
d. Backing off the excircle: the bowl-shaped grinding wheel with the same accurate grinding rear angle is adopted for processing, and the processing mode is also the same; when in operation, the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 27m/s, and the feeding speed is 400 mm/min; when shoveling the back, the shoveling back is carried out for 2 times, and the back diameter is 4.8 mm;
c. grinding end face tooth gaps: processing by using a 12V 945-degree fine grinding wheel with phi 125, 25 meshes of 280#, wherein the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 27m/s, and the feeding speed is 40 mm/min; after grinding, the tooth clearance angle is ensured to be between 40 and 50 degrees;
d. grinding the front end face: processing by using a 11V9 bowl-shaped fine grinding wheel with phi 100 x 30 meshes of 280#, wherein the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 27mm/s, the feeding speed is 60mm/min, a cutter rotates 90 degrees after grinding one edge, and end tooth angles and side rear angles of four edges are respectively ground; the end tooth angle is between 2 degrees and 7 degrees, the side back angle is a double back angle structure, the first back angle is between 10 degrees and 22 degrees, and the second back angle is between 25 degrees and 40 degrees;
c. cutting off chip grooves: adopting an electroplating grinding wheel with the R0.5 mesh number of 400#, wherein the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 20m/s, and the feeding speed is 100 mm/min; and respectively processing two corresponding teeth according to the distribution of the chip breakers marked on the drawing.
8. A cemented carbide woodworking slitting mill according to claim 5, 6 or 7, wherein: adding a centerless grinding step to the fine ground shank after the test (20): the outer diameter of the fine grinding cutter handle is equal to
The roundness of the knife handle is between 0.005mm and 0.008 mm; the grinding handle adopts cut-in type centerless grinding, a cutter is manually placed on an axial positioning supporting plate between a grinding wheel and a guide wheel and is pressed by an ejector rod, the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 45m/s, the speed of the guide wheel is 12r/min, the grinding time of an alloy rod is controlled to be 3-4 s, and the cutter is taken out and placed on a bracket after grinding is finished.
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| CN113305524A (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2021-08-27 | 锐胜精机（深圳）有限公司 | Cutter and manufacturing method thereof |
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