CN111014928A - Copper-based composite material for cutting tool, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Copper-based composite material for cutting tool, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111014928A CN111014928A CN201911229357.6A CN201911229357A CN111014928A CN 111014928 A CN111014928 A CN 111014928A CN 201911229357 A CN201911229357 A CN 201911229357A CN 111014928 A CN111014928 A CN 111014928A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
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Abstract
The copper-based composite material for the cutting tool is of a laminated structure formed by alternately laminating intermediate copper layers and refractory metal layers, wherein the outermost layer of the laminated structure is the refractory metal layer, the number of the intermediate copper layers is 1-9, and the number of the refractory metal layers is 2-10. The method comprises the following steps: grinding and brightening the intermediate copper layer and the refractory metal layer; alternately superposing the intermediate copper layers and the refractory metal layers for diffusion welding compounding to obtain a composite layer, wherein the outermost layer of the composite layer is the refractory metal layer; carrying out multi-pass hot pressing and cold pressing thinning on the composite layer to obtain a copper-based composite material; and hammering the end of the copper-based composite material to form a conical tip. Also relates to the application of the copper-based composite material for the cutting tool in the cutting tool for mechanical cutting. The copper-based composite material for the cutting tool has excellent self-heat dissipation performance and good impact resistance, and develops new machining application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical cutting tool materials, and particularly relates to a copper-based composite material for a cutting tool, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In the machine manufacturing industry, metal is machined into various machine parts using cutting tools, which are typically made of high speed steel materials. Due to the strong friction between the surface of the cutting tool and the metal chips and the strong deformation of the metal, a large amount of heat is generated, so that the tool must withstand not only various impacts and vibrations, but also high temperature and high pressure, which reduces the hardness and service life of the cutting tool, and further affects the precision of the machined object.
The refractory metal material and the composite material thereof have the advantages of high hardness, high strength and low expansion coefficient of refractory metals, are suitable for high-speed turning of high-silicon aluminum alloy which is difficult to process for conventional cutters, and are suitable for high-speed turning of high-hardness ferrous metals and the like. The patent of publication No. CN102941441A, which discloses a method for preparing a high-bonding-strength high-precision copper-molybdenum-copper laminated composite material, and the patent of publication No. CN103264261A, which discloses a method for preparing a multi-laminated molybdenum-copper composite material, both adopt the processes of firstly diffusion welding, then rolling reinforcement and thinning to compound a copper material and a molybdenum material to obtain high heat conduction and excellent toughness, but the molybdenum-copper laminated composite material prepared by the method only has the outermost layer of the composite material being copper in order to ensure good heat conduction and heat dissipation capability, and the material is not suitable for being applied to a cutting tool because of the low hardness of the copper.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a copper-based composite material for a cutting tool, which has excellent self-heat dissipation performance and good impact resistance.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the copper-based composite material for the cutting tool, which has wide application range and is easy to produce and manufacture.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a use of the copper-based composite material for a cutting tool in a cutting tool for machine cutting.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a copper-based composite material for a cutting tool, which is a laminated structure formed by alternately laminating intermediate copper layers and refractory metal layers, wherein the outermost layer of the laminated structure is the refractory metal layer, the number of the intermediate copper layers is 1-9, and the number of the refractory metal layers is 2-10.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the intermediate copper layer is selected from at least one of red copper, oxygen-free copper, deoxidized copper, and special copper.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the refractory metal layer is selected from one or more of metal tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum and alloys thereof.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a ratio of the thicknesses of the intermediate copper layer and the refractory metal layer is 0.1 to 1.0: 1.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the copper-based composite material for the cutting tool, which comprises the following steps:
s1, grinding and brightening the intermediate copper layer and the refractory metal layer;
s2, alternately superposing the intermediate copper layers and the refractory metal layers for diffusion welding compounding to obtain a composite layer, wherein the outermost layer of the composite layer is the refractory metal layer;
s3, carrying out multi-pass hot pressing and cold pressing thinning on the composite layer to obtain a copper-based composite material;
and S4, hammering the end of the copper-based composite material to form a conical nose.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step S2 specifically includes:
and alternately superposing the intermediate copper layer and the refractory metal layer, and performing diffusion welding at the pressure of 8-30 MPa and the temperature of 850-1000 ℃, wherein the heat preservation time is 20-60 min, and the atmosphere in a diffusion welding furnace is selected from vacuum, hydrogen or inert gas.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step S3 specifically includes:
placing the composite layer on a common two-roller or four-roller rolling mill, and sequentially carrying out hot pressing and cold pressing, wherein the reduction rate of cold rolling passes is less than or equal to 35%, and the cold rolling passes are 1-10 times; the reduction rate of hot rolling passes is less than or equal to 50%, the hot rolling temperature is 800-900 ℃, and the hot rolling passes are 1-10.
Further, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the initial rolling temperature is 840-890 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 800-850 ℃ during the hot rolling process.
The embodiment of the invention also provides the application of the copper-based composite material for the cutting tool in the cutting tool for mechanical cutting.
The copper-based composite material for the cutting tool and the preparation method thereof have the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the intermediate copper layer and the refractory metal layer are alternately superposed, and the refractory metal layer is set as the outermost layer to obtain the copper-based composite material, so that the copper-based composite material not only has high hardness, high strength and low expansion coefficient of the refractory metal on the cutting surface, but also has high heat conductivity, excellent toughness and low thermal expansion coefficient of the intermediate copper layer, and simultaneously can regulate and control the comprehensive mechanical and thermal properties of the intermediate copper layer and the refractory metal layer by regulating the relative thicknesses of the intermediate copper layer and the refractory metal layer, and also meets the requirements of high-efficiency, high-precision and green processing.
(2) The preparation method of the copper-based composite material for the cutting tool adopts the working procedures of diffusion welding and rolling, and has the advantages that ① accurately controls the required final thickness of the composite material, ② enlarges the using area of the multilayer composite material, ③ further increases the micro-joint area among refractory metal components through the rolling pressure and the shearing and stretching action so as to enhance the interlayer bonding strength and strengthen the comprehensive mechanical property of the material in the lamination.
(3) The invention develops a new machining application for the copper-based composite material for the cutting tool, and develops a new application field, when the composite material is used as the cutting tool, the advantages are that ① has high hardness of refractory metal materials, high-silicon aluminum alloy, stainless steel, high-hardness ferrous metal and the like which are difficult to machine by the traditional tool can be machined, ② the cutting tool material has excellent self-heat dissipation performance and good toughness, the heat conductivity can reach 250-310W/m.K, the high-efficiency and high-precision green machining requirements of less cooling liquid can be realized, the ③ machining range is wide, the cutting tool can be used for high-speed cutting or the turning and milling instead of grinding can be realized, and the cutting efficiency is higher than that of the traditional tool.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is an optical microscope photograph of a copper-based composite material for a cutting tool in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an optical microscope photograph of a copper-based composite material for a cutting tool in example 2 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a method for preparing the copper-based composite material for a cutting tool in example 1 of the present invention.
The reference numerals are summarized as follows:
a-a refractory metal layer; b-intermediate copper layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The following is a detailed description of the copper-based composite material for a cutting tool and a method for preparing the same according to embodiments of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a copper-based composite material for a cutting tool, which is a laminated structure formed by alternately laminating intermediate copper layers and refractory metal layers, wherein the outermost layer of the laminated structure is the refractory metal layer. The middle copper layer and the refractory metal layer are alternately superposed, and the refractory metal layer is set as the outermost layer to obtain the copper-based composite material, so that the copper-based composite material not only has high hardness, high strength and low expansion coefficient of the refractory metal of the cutting surface, but also has high heat conductivity, excellent toughness and low thermal expansion coefficient of the middle copper layer, and can regulate and control comprehensive mechanical and thermal properties by regulating the relative thicknesses of the middle copper layer and the refractory metal layer.
Further, the intermediate copper layer is selected from at least one of red copper, oxygen-free copper, deoxidized copper and special copper. Preferably, the intermediate copper layer is selected from red copper, and the red copper has high purity, excellent heat conductivity and excellent processability.
Further, the refractory metal layer is selected from one or more of the metals tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum and alloys thereof. It is understood that in the present embodiment, other refractory metals with high melting point and high hardness, such as niobium, rhenium, vanadium, etc., and their alloy materials, can also be used as the refractory metal layer in the present invention.
Further, the number of the intermediate copper layers is 1-9, and the number of the refractory metal layers is 2-10. Preferably, the number of the intermediate copper layers is 1 to 4, and the number of the refractory metal layers is 2 to 5. More preferably, the number of the intermediate copper layers is 2-3, and the number of the refractory metal layers is 3-4. The two component materials based on the intermediate copper layer and the refractory metal layer are not easy to form compounds and are also difficult to melt, and the interlayer compounding of the intermediate copper layer and the refractory metal layer is mainly realized by interface micro-meshing and mutual diffusion in a very narrow range, so when the number of the compounded layers is too large, the parallelism and thickness deviation among the laminated layers are large, the compounding strength is low, the impact resistance is reduced, and the multi-laminated compounding is not suitable.
Further, the ratio of the thicknesses of the intermediate copper layer and the refractory metal layer is 0.1 to 1.0: 1. Preferably, the thickness ratio is 0.5 to 1.0:1, more preferably, the thickness ratio is 0.6 to 0.8: 1. When the thickness ratio is too large, the copper layer is too thick, and the hardness is reduced.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the copper-based composite material for the cutting tool, which comprises the following steps:
and S1, grinding and brightening the intermediate copper layer and the refractory metal layer.
And S2, alternately stacking the intermediate copper layers and the refractory metal layers for diffusion welding compounding to obtain a composite layer, wherein the outermost layer of the composite layer is the refractory metal layer.
And S3, carrying out multi-pass hot pressing and cold pressing thinning on the composite layer to obtain the copper-based composite material.
And S4, hammering the end of the copper-based composite material to form a conical nose.
Wherein, the grinding and brightening treatment increase the microscopic joint area ratio of the two components of the intermediate copper layer and the refractory metal layer which are subjected to diffusion welding, so that the two components have certain bonding strength after diffusion welding. Alternatively, the intermediate copper layer and the refractory metal layer surface may be sanded with water-abrasive sandpaper, dry-abrasive sandpaper, or the like, for example: the water grinding sand paper can be sequentially ground by one or more of 1000#, 1500# or 2000# according to the roughness requirement. Meanwhile, polishing cloth, polishing powder and the like can be adopted to further brighten the surface layer. Preferably, the surface roughness of the intermediate copper layer is Ra0.05 μm and the surface roughness of the refractory metal layer is Ra0.1 μm by grinding and brightening.
Further, the step S2 specifically includes: and alternately superposing the intermediate copper layer and the refractory metal layer, and performing diffusion welding at the pressure of 8-30 MPa and the temperature of 850-1000 ℃, wherein the heat preservation time is 20-60 min, and the atmosphere in a diffusion welding furnace is selected from vacuum, hydrogen or inert gas.
Further, the step S3 specifically includes: placing the composite layer on a common two-roller or four-roller rolling mill, and sequentially carrying out hot pressing and cold pressing, wherein the reduction rate of cold rolling passes is less than or equal to 35%, and the cold rolling passes are 1-10 times; the reduction rate of hot rolling passes is less than or equal to 50%, the hot rolling temperature is 800-900 ℃, and the hot rolling passes are 1-10. In the cold rolling process, the hardness of the composite layer is increased, the hot rolling further refines grains, and the defect of a microstructure is eliminated, so that the structure of the composite layer is more compact, and the mechanical property is improved.
Preferably, the rolling reduction of the cold rolling pass is 20-35%, and the rolling passes of the cold rolling are 1-3; the hot rolling pass reduction rate is 30-50%, the hot rolling temperature is 800-890 ℃, and the hot rolling passes are 2-4. Optionally, in the hot rolling process, temperature control needs to be strictly performed, in the range of the rolling temperature of 840-890 ℃, along with the increase of the rolling temperature, the hardness and tensile strength of the material are increased, along with the extension of the rolling time, the mechanical property is slightly reduced, and when the pressing temperature is higher than 890 ℃, the toughness of the composite material is reduced. Optionally, when the initial rolling temperature is 840-890 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 800-850 ℃, the composite material has better comprehensive mechanical properties.
The embodiment of the invention also provides application of the copper-based composite material for the cutting tool in a cutting tool for mechanical cutting, and develops a new application field, when the composite material is used as the cutting tool, the composite material has the advantages that ① has high hardness of refractory metal materials, and can be used for processing high-silicon aluminum alloy, stainless steel, high-hardness ferrous metal and the like which are difficult to process by a traditional tool, ② the cutting tool material has excellent self-heat dissipation performance and good toughness, the heat conductivity can reach 250-310W/m.K, the high-efficiency and high-precision green processing requirements of less cooling liquid can be realized, the ③ processing range is wide, the copper-based composite material can be used for high-speed cutting or the turning and milling instead of grinding can be realized, and the cutting efficiency is higher than that of the traditional tool.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a copper-based composite material for a cutting tool, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting 2 TU1 oxygen-free copper plates with the size of 2.0 x 40 x 80mm and 3 pure molybdenum plates with the size of 2.0 x 40 x 80 mm. Firstly, carrying out surface grinding treatment on the 5 sheets of plate materials to enable the flatness and thickness deviation of the materials to be less than or equal to +/-0.05 mm. Specifically, 2000# water grinding sand paper is selected to grind the surface of the oxygen-free copper plate, then polishing cloth is adopted to polish the ground surface to enable the surface roughness to reach Ra0.05 mu m, and then 1000#, 1500# and 2000# water grinding sand paper are sequentially selected to grind the surface of the pure molybdenum plate and then polishing cloth is used to polish the surface to enable the surface roughness to reach Ra0.1 mu m.
S2, overlapping the treated oxygen-free copper and the pure molybdenum plate according to the sequence of molybdenum-copper-molybdenum, then placing the mixture into a diffusion welding furnace, and performing diffusion welding at 8500 ℃ under the pressure of 10MPa to obtain a composite layer, wherein the heat preservation time is 30min, and the atmosphere in the diffusion welding furnace is hydrogen.
S3, unloading pressure and opening a furnace door after the diffusion welding heat preservation is finished, quickly taking out the composite layer, feeding the composite layer into a two-roller hot rolling mill for rolling and thinning, carrying out two hot rolling with the reduction rate of 50%, cooling, feeding into the two-roller mill for cold rolling, and carrying out one-pass cold rolling with the reduction rate of 35% to obtain the copper-based composite material with the thickness of 1.65 mm.
And S4, hammering the end of the copper-based composite material to form a conical nose.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a copper-based composite material for a cutting tool, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting 8T 1 copper plates with the size of 0.5 multiplied by 40 multiplied by 80mm and 9 pure tungsten plates with the size of 1.0 multiplied by 40 multiplied by 80 mm. Firstly, carrying out surface grinding treatment on the 17 sheets to ensure that the deviation of the flatness and the thickness of the material is less than or equal to +/-0.05 mm. Specifically, 2000# water grinding abrasive paper is selected to grind the surface of the red copper plate, then polishing cloth is adopted to polish the ground surface to enable the surface roughness to reach Ra0.05 mu m, and then 1000#, 1500# and 2000# water grinding abrasive paper are sequentially selected to grind the surface of the pure tungsten plate and then polishing cloth is used to polish the surface to enable the surface roughness to reach Ra0.1 mu m.
S2, overlapping the treated red copper plate and the pure molybdenum plate according to the order of tungsten-copper-tungsten, then placing the obtained product into a diffusion welding furnace, and performing diffusion welding at 1000 ℃ under the pressure of 20MPa to obtain a composite layer, wherein the heat preservation time is 20min, and the atmosphere in the diffusion welding furnace is inert gas.
S3, when the temperature in the furnace is reduced to 800 ℃ during diffusion welding, unloading the pressure, opening the furnace door, quickly taking out the composite layer, feeding the composite layer into a two-roller hot rolling mill for rolling and thinning, sequentially carrying out hot rolling at two reduction ratios of 50% and 40%, cooling, feeding the composite layer into the two-roller mill for cold rolling, and sequentially carrying out cold rolling at two reduction ratios of 35% and 30% to obtain the copper-based composite material with the thickness of 1.77 mm.
And S4, hammering the end of the copper-based composite material to form a conical nose.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a copper-based composite material for a cutting tool, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting 3T 1 copper plates with the size of 0.8 x 40 x 80mm and 4 pure tungsten plates with the size of 1.0 x 40 x 80 mm. Firstly, carrying out surface grinding treatment on the 17 sheets to ensure that the deviation of the flatness and the thickness of the material is less than or equal to +/-0.05 mm. Specifically, 2000# water grinding abrasive paper is selected to grind the surface of the red copper plate, then polishing cloth is adopted to polish the ground surface to enable the surface roughness to reach Ra0.05 mu m, and then 1000#, 1500# and 2000# water grinding abrasive paper are sequentially selected to grind the surface of the pure tungsten plate and then polishing cloth is used to polish the surface to enable the surface roughness to reach Ra0.1 mu m.
S2, overlapping the treated red copper plate and the pure molybdenum plate according to the order of tungsten-copper-tungsten, then placing the obtained product into a diffusion welding furnace, and performing diffusion welding at 1000 ℃ under the pressure of 20MPa to obtain a composite layer, wherein the heat preservation time is 20min, and the atmosphere in the diffusion welding furnace is inert gas.
S3, when the temperature in the furnace is reduced to 800 ℃ during diffusion welding, unloading the pressure, opening the furnace door, quickly taking out the composite layer, feeding the composite layer into a two-roller hot rolling mill for rolling and thinning, sequentially carrying out hot rolling at two reduction ratios of 50% and 40%, cooling, feeding the composite layer into the two-roller mill for cold rolling, and sequentially carrying out cold rolling at two reduction ratios of 35% and 30% to obtain the copper-based composite material with the thickness of 1.58 mm.
And S4, hammering the end of the copper-based composite material to form a conical nose.
Test example 1
The hardness, thermal expansion coefficient along the length direction of the cutter, and thermal conductivity of the cutter test samples of examples 1-2 processed into lengths of 40X 80mm and widths and thicknesses of 1.5-1.8mm were measured, and the results are shown in the following table:
in summary, the copper-based composite material for the cutting tool in the embodiment of the invention has high cutting hardness (60-70HRA) and bending strength (550-800MPA), the thermal conductivity can reach 250-310W/m.K, and the copper-based composite material can be used as the cutting tool in the field of machining.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The copper-based composite material for the cutting tool is characterized by being of a laminated structure formed by alternately laminating intermediate copper layers and refractory metal layers, then performing diffusion welding and rolling and thinning, wherein the outermost layer of the laminated structure is the refractory metal layer, the number of the intermediate copper layers is 1-9, and the number of the refractory metal layers is 2-10.
2. Copper-based composite material for cutting tools according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate copper layer is selected from at least one of red copper, oxygen-free copper, deoxidized copper, specialty copper.
3. Copper-based composite material for cutting tools according to claim 1, characterized in that the refractory metal layer is selected from one or more of the metals tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum and alloys thereof.
4. The copper-based composite material for a cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of thicknesses of the intermediate copper layer and the refractory metal layer is 0.1 to 1.0: 1.
5. A method for preparing a copper-based composite material for a cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
s1, selecting an intermediate copper layer and a refractory metal layer, and grinding and brightening the intermediate copper layer and the refractory metal layer;
s2, alternately superposing the intermediate copper layers and the refractory metal layers for diffusion welding compounding to obtain a composite layer, wherein the outermost layer of the composite layer is the refractory metal layer;
s3, carrying out multi-pass hot pressing and cold pressing thinning on the composite layer to obtain a copper-based composite material;
and S4, hammering the end of the copper-based composite material to form a conical nose.
6. The method for preparing a copper-based composite material for a cutting tool according to claim 5, wherein the step S2 specifically includes:
and alternately superposing the intermediate copper layer and the refractory metal layer, and performing diffusion welding at the pressure of 8-30 MPa and the temperature of 850-1000 ℃, wherein the heat preservation time is 20-60 min, and the atmosphere in a diffusion welding furnace is selected from vacuum, hydrogen or inert gas.
7. The method for preparing a copper-based composite material for a cutting tool according to claim 5, wherein the step of S3 specifically comprises:
placing the composite layer on a common two-roller or four-roller rolling mill, and sequentially carrying out hot pressing and cold pressing, wherein the reduction rate of cold rolling passes is less than or equal to 35%, and the cold rolling passes are 1-10 times; the reduction rate of hot rolling passes is less than or equal to 50%, the hot rolling temperature is 800-900 ℃, and the hot rolling passes are 1-10.
8. The method for preparing the copper-based composite material for the cutting tool as claimed in claim 7, wherein the initial rolling temperature is 840-890 ℃ and the final rolling temperature is 800-850 ℃ during the hot rolling process.
9. Use of the copper-based composite material for cutting tools according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in a tool for machine cutting.
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