CN111014696A - TiB2Method for preparing pantograph carbon slide bar material from/Cu composite material - Google Patents
TiB2Method for preparing pantograph carbon slide bar material from/Cu composite material Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910021392 nanocarbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011300 coal pitch Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000006253 pitch coke Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001175 oxide dispersion-strengthened alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
-
- B22F1/0003—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
- B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F3/26—Impregnating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0084—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ carbon or graphite as the main non-metallic constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon slide bar preparation, in particular to a TiB2Method for preparing pantograph carbon slide bar material by using/Cu composite material to improve mechanical strength, electric conductivity and resistance of pantograph carbon slide bar materialImpact properties. By adding TiB into the raw material pitch coke2SiC, Cu, nano carbon powder, graphite powder and the like are fused with other materials in the raw materials, so that the mechanical strength of the finished carbon slide bar can be supplemented, and the finished carbon slide bar is not easy to break and crack in operation; the preparation process comprises the steps of grinding the raw materials, and then carrying out compression molding, Cu soaking, sintering and carbonization, and electrifying purification treatment, so that the density and the strength of the carbon slide bar material can be increased, a roasted product with higher volume density can be obtained, an impregnant can be soaked into pores, and the product percent of pass can be improved. The volume density is less than or equal to 4.0g/cm3The flexural strength is more than or equal to 140, the compressive strength is more than or equal to 280, and the impact toughness is more than or equal to 0.5J/cm2The resistivity at 20 ℃ is less than or equal to 5 mu omega-m, and the Rockwell Hardness (HBS) is less than or equal to 120.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon slide bar preparation, in particular to a TiB2A method for preparing a pantograph carbon slide bar material by using a Cu composite material.
Background
The pantograph slide plate is an important current collecting element on the electric locomotive, is arranged at the uppermost part of the pantograph and is directly contacted with a contact network lead, and in the running process of a train, current is obtained from the contact network lead to supply electric power to the locomotive.
The pantograph carbon slide material must have good friction reducing and self-lubricating properties, good heat and arc resistance, a certain wear resistance, sufficient impact strength and stable electrical resistivity and contact resistance.
At present, the pantograph carbon slide bars of the electric locomotive are divided into three types: powder metallurgy slide plate, pure carbon slide bar, carbon base composite material slide plate. The carbon-based composite material is a metal-impregnated carbon material, a carbon fiber material and an MCC material or a ceramic material.
The comprehensive performance of the carbon slide bar material is a necessary condition, and the sliding electric contact material with high strength, high toughness, low resistance, wear resistance and self-lubricating property is the best choice.
TiB2The particles have high heat resistance, low thermal expansion rate, and better density, hardness, elastic modulus and bending strength than those of single materials. The carbon slide bar prepared by the method has various performance indexes meeting the national standard requirements, and has simple process and high efficiency.
TiB2The granules themselves have a high melting point (melting point 3225 deg.C), good strength, good abrasion resistance (hardness 30GPa, flexural strength 750 MPa), and a low coefficient of thermal expansion (about 8.2X 10)-6K-1) Good electrical and thermal conductivity (resistivity of 10)-5Omega cm), so that its strengthening effect is obvious, and compared with other ceramic reinforced material it has the characteristics of that it can make electric conductivity and heat conductivity of metal reduce less.
In the research of composite reinforced high-conductivity Cu material in the United states at the end of 80 s in 20 th century, a novel mixed alloy process is adopted to prepare TiB2Dispersion-strengthened composite Cu alloy with 5% phase volume, code MXT5, has certain performance indexes exceeding GlidcopAI-60 (aluminum oxide dispersion-strengthened Cu alloy, A1, available from SCM in America)2O3The mass fraction of (1.2%), the electrical conductivity of 80% IACS, the strength of 620MPa, and the high temperature softening resistance temperature of 870 ℃ or above). The national Xian transportation university, the university of the Zhongnan, the Zhejiang, the industry university of the Zhongnan and the like respectively carry out the TiB2And (3) researching the preparation of the/Cu composite material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a TiB2A method for preparing a pantograph carbon slide bar material by using a Cu composite material.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
TiB2The method for preparing the pantograph carbon slide bar material from the/Cu composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, grinding: mixing TiB2Placing the SiC, the Cu, the nano carbon powder and the graphite powder in a ball mill, grinding for 2-6h at the temperature of 200-300 ℃, wherein the grinding rotating speed is 350-600 r/min, and naturally cooling the mixture to normal temperature after grinding;
s2, secondary dry mixing: mixing the mixture obtained in the step S1 with the asphalt coke, kneading at 160-220 ℃ for 1-5 h, and naturally cooling the kneaded powder to normal temperature;
s3, wet mixing: mixing and kneading the mixture of the secondary mixture and the binder in the S2 and the binder modified coal pitch, wherein the temperature of the wet-mixed binder is 120-170 ℃, and the time of the wet mixing is 40-60 minutes;
s4, compression molding: pouring the material subjected to the wet mixing in the S3 mode into a die, forming a pressed blank with a certain shape and size by utilizing a two-way pressing die, enabling the pressed blank to have a certain density and strength, and cooling the carbon slide bar initial blank by utilizing cooling equipment;
s5, roasting: loading the pre-formed green body of S4 into a roasting furnace for roasting to obtain a first green body;
s6, Cu leaching: weighing the first blank, placing the first blank into a graphite crucible, preheating a preheating furnace according to a temperature rise curve, adding Cu molten liquid, placing the graphite crucible into vacuum equipment, starting vacuumizing after no error is ensured, after the vacuum degree reaches 0.085MPa, finishing vacuum, placing the graphite crucible into the preheating furnace again, preheating for half an hour to room temperature, and taking out, wherein the weight gain is 33-35%;
s7, secondary roasting: placing the blank soaked in the S6 into a roasting furnace for secondary roasting to obtain a secondary blank, wherein the roasting temperature is 20-1200 ℃, and the temperature is kept at 1200 ℃ for 4 hours, and the roasting time is 16 hours;
s8, sintering: placing the carbon slide bar material subjected to secondary roasting in S7 into a sintering furnace to completely wrap the steel carbon, then introducing protective gas argon until the pressure reaches 15-20 MPa, then heating to 1000-1250 ℃, keeping for 24-32 hours, and taking out;
s9, electrically heating the sintered carbon slide bar material in the S8 to 375-500 ℃ under the condition of air isolation, keeping the current intensity at 15A for 6-8 hours, filling micro pores in the material to form whiskers, and preparing the pure TiB2a/Cu composite;
s10, and performing subsequent treatment on the obtained product: according to the requirements of product performance, proper subsequent treatment processes are selected, such as finishing, mechanical processing, chemical treatment, electroplating and the like, so as to meet the comprehensive performance of the product.
Further, the asphalt coke is used as aggregate, and the true density is more than or equal to 2.13g/cm3Ash content is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, sulfur content is less than or equal to 0.3 percent, and volatile matter is less than or equal to 0.5 percent; the density of the SiC powder was 3.2g/cm3(ii) a The density of Cu powder was 8.92X 103/cm3(ii) a The true density of the powdered graphite is more than or equal to 2.0g/cm3The resistivity is less than or equal to 8.0 mu omega m, the breaking strength is more than or equal to 25Mpa, the compressive strength is more than or equal to 35Mpa, and the ash content is less than or equal to 0.20 percent; the binder adopts modified coal pitch, the softening point is 105-120 ℃, the coking value is more than or equal to 58 percent, and the ash content is less than or equal to 0.30 percent; molten Cu was used as the impregnant, and 99% pure Cu was used.
Further, the TiB2The weight ratio of the mixture to the graphite powder is 8:12:20:25:35, and the weight ratio of the ground mixture to the asphalt coke is 65: 35; the weight ratio of the secondary mixture to the binder is 70:30-75: 25.
Further, the asphalt coke has a particle size of 1-10 μm accounting for 10% of its weight, a particle size of 10-20 μm accounting for 20% of its weight, a particle size of 20-30 μm accounting for 20% of its weight, a particle size of 30-40 μm accounting for 20% of its weight, a particle size of 40-50 μm accounting for 20% of its weight, and a particle size of 50-60 μm accounting for 10% of its weight; TiB2The powder has a particle size of 1-3 μm in 20 wt%, a particle size of 3-5 μm in 30 wt%, a particle size of 5-8 μm in 30 wt%, and a particle size of 8-10 μm in 20 wt%; of SiC powder15% by weight of the powder having a particle size of 1-5 μm, 35% by weight of the powder having a particle size of 5-10 μm, 35% by weight of the powder having a particle size of 10-15 μm, and 15% by weight of the powder having a particle size of 15-20 μm; the powder Cu powder has a particle size of 1-5 μm accounting for 10% of the weight, a particle size of 5-10 μm accounting for 20% of the weight, a particle size of 10-15 μm accounting for 20% of the weight, a particle size of 15-20 μm accounting for 20% of the weight, a particle size of 20-25 μm accounting for 20% of the weight, and a particle size of 25-30 μm accounting for 10% of the weight; the powder nano carbon powder has the granularity of 1-10 mu m accounting for 25 percent of the weight of the powder nano carbon powder, the granularity of 10-20 mu m accounting for 25 percent of the weight of the powder nano carbon powder, the granularity of 20-30 mu m accounting for 25 percent of the weight of the powder nano carbon powder and the granularity of 30-40 mu m accounting for 25 percent of the weight of the powder nano carbon powder; the powder graphite powder has a particle size of 1-10 μm accounting for 10% of its weight, a particle size of 10-20 μm accounting for 20% of its weight, a particle size of 20-30 μm accounting for 20% of its weight, a particle size of 30-40 μm accounting for 25% of its weight, and a particle size of 40-50 μm accounting for 25% of its weight.
Further, the temperature inside the kneader is set to 160-220 ℃ and 120-170 ℃. An automatic alarm device is arranged on the kneading machine and used for giving an alarm when the set time is up.
Further, the baking temperature rise procedure of S5: the temperature is 20-1250 ℃, the room temperature is 100 ℃ below zero, the temperature is increased according to 100 ℃/h, and the temperature is kept for 1 h; raising the temperature at 100 ℃ and 200 ℃ according to the speed of 100 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 1 h; heating at 200-900 deg.c and 100 deg.c/h for 7 hr; raising the temperature at 900-1250 ℃ according to the speed of 150 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 2 h; and keeping the temperature at 1250 ℃ for 4h, and then naturally cooling.
Further, the Cu melt in S6 is specifically: putting Cu into a melting pool, starting energization, adjusting the current to 220A, changing the Cu into a molten mass to meet the metal immersion requirement after 2 hours of energization, and checking whether a circuit and a water path are unblocked before energization.
Further, before the secondary roasting of S7, drying the primary sintered carbon slip material blank after the impregnation treatment by using a drying device.
Further, TiB prepared2The volume density of the/Cu composite material is less than or equal to 4.0g/cm3The flexural strength is more than or equal to 140, the compressive strength is more than or equal to 280, and the impact toughness is more than or equal to 0.5J/cm2The resistivity at 20 ℃ is less than or equal to 5 mu omega-m, and the Rockwell Hardness (HBS) is less than or equal to 120.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a TiB2The method for preparing the pantograph carbon slide bar material by the Cu composite material is used for improving the mechanical strength, the electric conductivity and the impact resistance of the pantograph carbon slide bar material. By adding TiB into the raw material pitch coke2SiC, Cu, nano carbon powder, graphite powder and the like are fused with other materials in the raw materials, so that the mechanical strength of the finished carbon slide bar can be supplemented, the finished carbon slide bar is not easy to break and crack in operation, and the prepared carbon slide bar has compact structure, fine pores, good erosion resistance, excellent mechanical strength and wear resistance; the preparation process comprises the steps of grinding the raw materials, and then carrying out compression molding, Cu soaking, sintering and carbonization, and electrifying purification treatment, so that the density and the strength of the carbon slide bar material can be increased, a roasted product with higher volume density can be obtained, an impregnant can be soaked into pores, and the product percent of pass can be improved. The volume density is less than or equal to 4.0g/cm3The flexural strength is more than or equal to 140, the compressive strength is more than or equal to 280, and the impact toughness is more than or equal to 0.5J/cm2The resistivity at 20 ℃ is less than or equal to 5 mu omega-m, and the Rockwell Hardness (HBS) is less than or equal to 120.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
TiB2The method for preparing the pantograph carbon slide bar material from the/Cu composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, grinding: mixing TiB2Placing the SiC, the Cu, the nano carbon powder and the graphite powder in a ball mill, grinding for 2-6h at the temperature of 200-300 ℃, wherein the grinding rotating speed is 350-600 r/min, and naturally cooling the mixture to normal temperature after grinding; the density of Cu powder was 8.92X 103/cm3(ii) a The true density of the powdered graphite is more than or equal to 2.0g/cm3Resistivity is less than or equal to 8.0 mu omega m, breaking strength is more than or equal to 25Mpa, and resistanceThe compressive strength is more than or equal to 35Mpa, and the ash content is less than or equal to 0.20 percent; the TiB2The weight ratio of the SiC to the Cu to the nano carbon powder to the graphite powder is 8:12:20:25: 35;
s2, secondary dry mixing: mixing the mixture obtained in the step S1 with the asphalt coke, kneading at 160-220 ℃ for 1-5 h, and naturally cooling the kneaded powder to normal temperature; the true density of the asphalt coke is more than or equal to 2.13g/cm3Ash content is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, sulfur content is less than or equal to 0.3 percent, and volatile matter is less than or equal to 0.5 percent; the density of the SiC powder was 3.2g/cm3(ii) a The weight ratio of the ground mixture to the asphalt coke is 65: 35;
s3, wet mixing: mixing and kneading the mixture of the secondary mixture and the binder in the S2 and the binder modified coal pitch, wherein the temperature of the wet-mixed binder is 120-170 ℃, and the time of the wet mixing is 40-60 minutes; the binder adopts modified coal pitch, the softening point is 105-120 ℃, the coking value is more than or equal to 58 percent, and the ash content is less than or equal to 0.30 percent; molten Cu is used as a impregnant, and 99% pure Cu is adopted; the weight ratio of the secondary mixture to the binder is 70:30-75: 25; the wet mixing adopts a kneading machine, and the temperature inside the kneading machine is set to be 160-220 ℃ and 120-170 ℃. An automatic alarm device is arranged on the kneading machine and used for giving an alarm when the set time is up.
S4, compression molding: pouring the material subjected to the wet mixing in the S3 mode into a die, forming a pressed blank with a certain shape and size by utilizing a two-way pressing die, enabling the pressed blank to have a certain density and strength, and cooling the carbon slide bar initial blank by utilizing cooling equipment;
s5, roasting: loading the pre-formed green body of S4 into a roasting furnace for roasting to obtain a first green body; temperature rising procedure: the temperature is 20-1250 ℃, the room temperature is 100 ℃ below zero, the temperature is increased according to 100 ℃/h, and the temperature is kept for 1 h; raising the temperature at 100 ℃ and 200 ℃ according to the speed of 100 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 1 h; heating at 200-900 deg.c and 100 deg.c/h for 7 hr; raising the temperature at 900-1250 ℃ according to the speed of 150 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 2 h; preserving the heat for 4 hours at 1250 ℃, and then naturally cooling;
s6, Cu leaching: weighing the first blank, placing the first blank into a graphite crucible, preheating a preheating furnace according to a temperature rise curve, adding Cu molten liquid, placing the graphite crucible into vacuum equipment, starting vacuumizing after no error is ensured, after the vacuum degree reaches 0.085MPa, finishing vacuum, placing the graphite crucible into the preheating furnace again, preheating for half an hour to room temperature, and taking out, wherein the weight gain is 33-35%; the Cu molten liquid is specifically: putting Cu into a melting pool, starting energization, regulating the current to 220A, changing the Cu into a molten mass after 2 hours of energization to meet the requirement of metal immersion, and checking whether a circuit and a water path are smooth before energization;
s7, secondary roasting: placing the blank soaked in the S6 into a roasting furnace for secondary roasting to obtain a secondary blank, wherein the roasting temperature is 20-1200 ℃, and the temperature is kept at 1200 ℃ for 4 hours, and the roasting time is 16 hours; before secondary roasting, drying the impregnated sintered carbon slide bar material primary blank by using drying equipment
S8, sintering: placing the carbon slide bar material subjected to secondary roasting in S7 into a sintering furnace to completely wrap the steel carbon, then introducing protective gas argon until the pressure reaches 15-20 MPa, then heating to 1000-1250 ℃, keeping for 24-32 hours, and taking out;
s9, electrically heating the sintered carbon slide bar material in the S8 to 375-500 ℃ under the condition of air isolation, keeping the current intensity at 15A for 6-8 hours to obtain TiB2a/Cu composite;
s10, and performing subsequent treatment on the obtained product: according to the requirements of product performance, proper subsequent treatment processes are selected, such as finishing, mechanical processing, chemical treatment, electroplating and the like, so as to meet the comprehensive performance of the product.
In this example, the pitch coke has a particle size of 1 to 10 μm in its weight of 10%, a particle size of 10 to 20 μm in its weight of 20%, a particle size of 20 to 30 μm in its weight of 20%, a particle size of 30 to 40 μm in its weight of 20%, a particle size of 40 to 50 μm in its weight of 20%, a particle size of 50 to 60 μm in its weight of 10%; TiB2The powder has a particle size of 1-3 μm in 20 wt%, a particle size of 3-5 μm in 30 wt%, a particle size of 5-8 μm in 30 wt%, and a particle size of 8-10 μm in 20 wt%; the SiC powder has a particle size of 1-5 μm accounting for 15% of the weight thereof, a particle size of 5-10 μm accounting for 35% of the weight thereof, a particle size of 10-15 μm accounting for 35% of the weight thereof, and a particle size of 15-20 μm accounting for 15% of the weight thereof; the Cu powder has a particle size of 1-5 μm in 10 wt% and a particle size of5-10 μm in 20% of its weight, 10-15 μm in 20% of its weight, 15-20 μm in 20% of its weight, 20-25 μm in 20% of its weight, 25-30 μm in 10% of its weight; the powder nano carbon powder has the granularity of 1-10 mu m accounting for 25 percent of the weight of the powder nano carbon powder, the granularity of 10-20 mu m accounting for 25 percent of the weight of the powder nano carbon powder, the granularity of 20-30 mu m accounting for 25 percent of the weight of the powder nano carbon powder and the granularity of 30-40 mu m accounting for 25 percent of the weight of the powder nano carbon powder; the powder graphite powder has a particle size of 1-10 μm accounting for 10% of its weight, a particle size of 10-20 μm accounting for 20% of its weight, a particle size of 20-30 μm accounting for 20% of its weight, a particle size of 30-40 μm accounting for 25% of its weight, and a particle size of 40-50 μm accounting for 25% of its weight.
In this example, TiB was prepared2The volume density of the/Cu composite material is less than or equal to 4.0g/cm3The flexural strength is more than or equal to 140, the compressive strength is more than or equal to 280, and the impact toughness is more than or equal to 0.5J/cm2The resistivity at 20 ℃ is less than or equal to 5 mu omega-m, and the Rockwell Hardness (HBS) is less than or equal to 120.
Although only the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art, and all changes are encompassed in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. TiB2The method for preparing the pantograph carbon slide bar material from the/Cu composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, grinding: mixing TiB2Placing the SiC, the Cu, the nano carbon powder and the graphite powder in a ball mill, grinding for 2-6h at the temperature of 200-300 ℃, wherein the grinding rotating speed is 350-600 r/min, and naturally cooling the mixture to normal temperature after grinding;
s2, secondary dry mixing: mixing the mixture obtained in the step S1 with the asphalt coke, kneading at 160-220 ℃ for 1-5 h, and naturally cooling the kneaded powder to normal temperature;
s3, wet mixing: mixing and kneading the mixture of the secondary mixture and the binder in the S2 and the binder modified coal pitch, wherein the temperature of the wet-mixed binder is 120-170 ℃, and the time of the wet mixing is 40-60 minutes;
s4, compression molding: pouring the material subjected to the wet mixing in the S3 mode into a die, forming a pressed blank with a certain shape and size by utilizing a two-way pressing die, enabling the pressed blank to have a certain density and strength, and cooling the carbon slide bar initial blank by utilizing cooling equipment;
s5, roasting: loading the pre-formed green body of S4 into a roasting furnace for roasting to obtain a first green body;
s6, Cu leaching: weighing the first blank, placing the first blank into a graphite crucible, preheating a preheating furnace according to a temperature rise curve, adding Cu molten liquid, placing the graphite crucible into vacuum equipment, starting vacuumizing after no error is ensured, after the vacuum degree reaches 0.085MPa, finishing vacuum, placing the graphite crucible into the preheating furnace again, preheating for half an hour to room temperature, and taking out, wherein the weight gain is 33-35%;
s7, secondary roasting: placing the blank soaked in the S6 into a roasting furnace for secondary roasting to obtain a secondary blank, wherein the roasting temperature is 20-1200 ℃, and the temperature is kept at 1200 ℃ for 4 hours, and the roasting time is 16 hours;
s8, sintering: placing the carbon slide bar material subjected to secondary roasting in S7 into a sintering furnace to completely wrap the steel carbon, then introducing protective gas argon until the pressure reaches 15-20 MPa, then heating to 1000-1250 ℃, keeping for 24-32 hours, and taking out;
s9, electrically heating the sintered carbon slide bar material in the S8 to 375-500 ℃ under the condition of air isolation, keeping the current intensity at 15A for 6-8 hours to obtain TiB2a/Cu composite material.
2. A TiB according to claim 12The method for preparing the pantograph carbon slide bar material by the Cu composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the asphalt coke is used as aggregate, and the true density is more than or equal to 2.13g/cm3Ash content is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, sulfur content is less than or equal to 0.3 percent, and volatile matter is less than or equal to 0.5 percent; the density of the SiC powder was 3.2g/cm3(ii) a The density of Cu powder was 8.92X 103/cm3(ii) a The true density of the powdered graphite is more than or equal to 2.0g/cm3The resistivity is less than or equal to 8.0 mu omega m, the breaking strength is more than or equal to 25Mpa, the compressive strength is more than or equal to 35Mpa, and the ash content is less than or equal to 0.20 percent; the binder adopts modified coal pitch with a softening point of 105-120 DEG CThe coking value is more than or equal to 58 percent, and the ash content is less than or equal to 0.30 percent; molten Cu was used as the impregnant, and 99% pure Cu was used.
3. A TiB according to claim 12The method for preparing the pantograph carbon slide bar material by the Cu composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the TiB2The weight ratio of the mixture to the graphite powder is 8:12:20:25:35, and the weight ratio of the ground mixture to the asphalt coke is 65: 35; the weight ratio of the secondary mixture to the binder is 70:30-75: 25.
4. The method for preparing the pantograph carbon slide bar material from the TiB2/Cu composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the particle size of the asphalt coke is 1-10 μm accounting for 10% of the weight of the asphalt coke, the particle size of 10-20 μm accounting for 20% of the weight of the asphalt coke, the particle size of 20-30 μm accounting for 20% of the weight of the asphalt coke, the particle size of 30-40 μm accounting for 20% of the weight of the asphalt coke, the particle size of 40-50 μm accounting for 20% of the weight of the asphalt coke, and the particle size of 50-60 μm accounting for 10% of the weight of the asphalt coke; TiB2The powder has a particle size of 1-3 μm in 20 wt%, a particle size of 3-5 μm in 30 wt%, a particle size of 5-8 μm in 30 wt%, and a particle size of 8-10 μm in 20 wt%; the SiC powder has a particle size of 1-5 μm accounting for 15% of the weight thereof, a particle size of 5-10 μm accounting for 35% of the weight thereof, a particle size of 10-15 μm accounting for 35% of the weight thereof, and a particle size of 15-20 μm accounting for 15% of the weight thereof; the powder Cu powder has a particle size of 1-5 μm accounting for 10% of the weight, a particle size of 5-10 μm accounting for 20% of the weight, a particle size of 10-15 μm accounting for 20% of the weight, a particle size of 15-20 μm accounting for 20% of the weight, a particle size of 20-25 μm accounting for 20% of the weight, and a particle size of 25-30 μm accounting for 10% of the weight; the powder nano carbon powder has the granularity of 1-10 mu m accounting for 25 percent of the weight of the powder nano carbon powder, the granularity of 10-20 mu m accounting for 25 percent of the weight of the powder nano carbon powder, the granularity of 20-30 mu m accounting for 25 percent of the weight of the powder nano carbon powder and the granularity of 30-40 mu m accounting for 25 percent of the weight of the powder nano carbon powder; the powder graphite powder has a particle size of 1-10 μm accounting for 10% of its weight, a particle size of 10-20 μm accounting for 20% of its weight, a particle size of 20-30 μm accounting for 20% of its weight, a particle size of 30-40 μm accounting for 25% of its weight, and a particle size of 40-50 μm accounting for 25% of its weight.
5. A TiB according to claim 12/CThe method for preparing the pantograph carbon slide bar material by using the u composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and (3) roasting temperature rise program of S5: the temperature is 20-1250 ℃, the room temperature is 100 ℃ below zero, the temperature is increased according to 100 ℃/h, and the temperature is kept for 1 h; raising the temperature at 100 ℃ and 200 ℃ according to the speed of 100 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 1 h; heating at 200-900 deg.c and 100 deg.c/h for 7 hr; raising the temperature at 900-1250 ℃ according to the speed of 150 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 2 h; and keeping the temperature at 1250 ℃ for 4h, and then naturally cooling.
6. A TiB according to claim 12The method for preparing the pantograph carbon slide bar material by the Cu composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the Cu molten liquid in the S6 specifically comprises the following components: putting Cu into a melting pool, starting energization, adjusting the current to 220A, changing the Cu into a molten mass to meet the metal immersion requirement after 2 hours of energization, and checking whether a circuit and a water path are unblocked before energization.
7. A TiB according to claim 12The method for preparing the pantograph carbon slide bar material by the Cu composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and before the secondary roasting of S7, drying the impregnated sintered carbon slide bar material primary blank by using drying equipment.
8. A TiB according to claim 12The method for preparing the pantograph carbon slide bar material by the Cu composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: prepared TiB2The volume density of the/Cu composite material is less than or equal to 4.0g/cm3The flexural strength is more than or equal to 140, the compressive strength is more than or equal to 280, and the impact toughness is more than or equal to 0.5J/cm2The resistivity at 20 ℃ is less than or equal to 5 mu omega m, and the Rockwell hardness is less than or equal to 120.
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