CN111013400A - Method for preparing polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane by low-temperature thermal induced phase method - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
- B01D71/34—Polyvinylidene fluoride
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/04—Tubular membranes
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane by a low-temperature thermal induced phase method, which comprises the following steps: s1, adding polyvinylidene fluoride resin, a pore-forming agent, a hydrophilic modifier and a diluent into a stirring tank according to the parts by weight, stirring and mixing, heating to 100-160 ℃, fully stirring, standing, vacuumizing and defoaming to obtain a membrane casting solution; s2, coating the casting solution on the surface of a non-woven fabric tube under the pressure environment of 0.1-1 MPa to obtain a coated tube; s3, soaking the film coating pipe in a cooling bath at the temperature of 20-60 ℃, extracting in pure water at the temperature of 20-35 ℃ to remove the diluent and the additive, and airing to obtain the polyvinylidene fluoride tubular film. The dissolving and phase-splitting temperature of the polyvinylidene fluoride is reduced by selecting a proper diluent, the requirements on a membrane tube non-woven fabric substrate and equipment are reduced, and the polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane with good hydrophilicity and uniform pore size distribution can be prepared.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of membrane separation, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane by a low-temperature thermally induced phase method.
Background
The membrane separation technology is a novel separation technology which rises rapidly in recent years and is a technology which integrates multidisciplinary cross combination of materials science, processes, technologies, chemical principles and the like. Due to the characteristic of multidisciplinary combination of the technology, the technology can be used for different types of separation processes. The separation principle of the membrane technology is that a specific membrane (microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration or reverse osmosis membrane) is selected as a separation medium according to the size and the type of a separated object, and substances are allowed to selectively permeate through the separation medium under the action of a driving force to achieve the purpose of separation. In the present day that water resources are increasingly in shortage and the environment is continuously worsened, the film science and technology is highly regarded in the world. Due to the continuous maturity and commercialization of membrane technology, the membrane has played a significant role in the industries such as sewage treatment, medicine purification, beverage concentration and separation, chemical metallurgy and the like.
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) resin has good performance and is widely applied to the membrane separation industry. The commercial PVDF separation membrane has two preparation methods: both the immersion precipitation method (NIPS) and the thermally induced phase separation method (TIPS).
The NIPS method is also called a non-solvent induced phase separation method, and is the most commonly used method for preparing the PVDF separation membrane at present. The NIPS method comprises the following steps: firstly, coating a casting solution composed of polymer, solvent and the like on a supporting plate (such as glass or non-woven fabric), scraping the film, or directly spinning without supporting materials, wherein the solvent and a non-solvent gel bath in the casting solution are mutually diffused, and after a period of time, the polymer forms a film. The immersion precipitation method is influenced by many factors, mainly including the type of polymer, the types of solvent and non-solvent, the composition of the casting solution, the composition of the gel bath, the gelation and crystallization characteristics of the polymer, the position of the liquid-liquid layer separation region, the temperature evaporation time of the casting solution and the gel bath, and the like. The conditions affected are numerous as can be seen by controlling the parameters. Thus, the membrane structures prepared by the immersion precipitation process are of a wide variety, like bicontinuous networks, spherulite crystals, spongy pores, and the like. The NIPS method has more influencing factors, the repeatability of the membrane is poor, and the membrane structure is not easy to control and is easy to form a macroporous structure, so that the separation performance is reduced.
The TIPS process is a newer method of making microporous membranes proposed by castro in the early 80 s of the 20 th century. The steps of preparing the microporous membrane by the TIPS method are as follows: firstly, forming uniform membrane casting solution by using polymer, small molecular diluent and other components at high temperature, forming a flat plate, tubular or hollow fiber membrane by using the membrane casting solution through a mould, putting the flat plate, tubular or hollow fiber membrane into a cooling bath for phase separation, extracting the diluent by using a gel bath, and finally evaporating and removing the extractant, thereby obtaining the microporous membrane. The main advantages of the polymer microporous membrane prepared by the TIPS method are that: the selection range of the diluent is expanded, and the membrane has high strength, good repeatability, high porosity, narrow pore size distribution and the like, so that the research on the TIPS method becomes a hotspot in recent years. However, the temperature of the general TIPS method is above 180 ℃, and the requirements on equipment conditions are high; furthermore, the use of water-insoluble diluents (e.g., dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, etc.) is troublesome when the diluent is removed by final extraction.
There are several manifestations of the specific application of separation membranes: flat sheet membranes, spiral wound membranes, hollow fiber membranes, and tubular membranes. At present, flat membrane is gradually eliminated in the field of water treatment due to factors such as complex assembly, high energy consumption and the like; the roll-type membrane and the hollow fiber membrane are mainly used for sea water desalination, brackish water desalination, pure water and ultrapure water preparation, the pretreatment requirements of the roll-type membrane and the hollow fiber membrane on feed liquid are very high in practical application, otherwise, the pretreatment requirements on the feed liquid are very high, the blockage and the rapid reduction of flux are easily caused, irreversible repair can be seriously caused, the rejection is caused, the cleaning is difficult, and the roll-type membrane and the hollow fiber membrane are difficult to treat the feed liquid with high solid content and high concentration; the tubular membrane has the advantages that the pretreatment requirement on feed liquid is simple, only hard particle substances which directly damage the membrane need to be removed through the coarse grating and the fine grating, and the membrane can enter a unit, the pretreatment is simple, so that the investment cost and the operating cost are saved, the tubular membrane is used for MBR, the sludge concentration can be 20-30 g/L, the raw water turbidity is less than or equal to 3000NTU, the hollow fiber membrane is used for MBR, the sludge concentration is generally 3-15 g/L, and the inlet water turbidity is required to be less than or equal to 20 NTU. For treating high solid matter and high concentration material liquid, the tubular membrane has remarkable capacity, no blockage, no concentration polarization, wide flow rate range regulation and easy cleaning.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for preparing a polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane by a low-temperature thermally induced phase method, which solves the technical problems in the prior art.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing a polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane by a low-temperature thermal induced phase method comprises the following steps:
s1, adding polyvinylidene fluoride resin, a pore-forming agent, a hydrophilic modifier and a diluent into a stirring tank according to the parts by weight, stirring and mixing, heating to 100-160 ℃, fully stirring, standing, vacuumizing and defoaming to obtain a membrane casting solution;
s2, coating the casting solution on the surface of a non-woven fabric tube under the pressure environment of 0.1-1 MPa to obtain a coated tube;
s3, soaking the coated pipe in a cooling bath at the temperature of 20-60 ℃, extracting in pure water at the temperature of 20-35 ℃ to remove a diluent and an additive, and airing to obtain a polyvinylidene fluoride tubular film;
wherein: the diluent comprises a good solvent and a poor solvent, wherein the ratio of the good solvent: 2-9% of a poor solvent: 8-1; the diameter of the polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane is 4-20 mm, and the wall thickness is 50-350 mu m; the membrane aperture of the polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane is 0.01-10 mu m;
meanwhile, under the conditions that the pressure is 0.1MPa and the water temperature is 25 ℃, the pure water flux is more than 600L/(m)2·h)。
Further, the polyvinylidene fluoride resin, the pore-forming agent, the hydrophilic modifier, the good solvent and the poor solvent in the S1 are 25-50% by weight: 1-10%: 0-20%: 20-60%: 10 to 35 percent.
Further, the pore-forming agent is one or a mixture of lithium chloride, polyethylene glycol 200, polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 600, polyethylene glycol 800, polyethylene glycol 1000, polyethylene glycol 2000, polyethylene glycol 3000 and polyethylene glycol 4000.
Further, the hydrophilic modifier is one or a mixture of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polymethyl methacrylate (PVP-K12, PVP-K15, PVP-K30, PVP-K60 and PVP-K90), F-127 and F-108 (Pluronic F-127 and Pluronic F-108 respectively, and polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether block copolymer (also called poloxamer).
Further, the good solvent comprises one of triethyl phosphate and N, N-dimethylacetamide; the poor solvent comprises one or a mixture of diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate and propylene glycol methyl ether acetate.
Further, after the raw material was introduced into S1, heating and stirring were performed under the protection of nitrogen gas.
Further, the cooling bath in S3 is air, pure water, ethanol mixture, or mixture of pure water and ethanol.
Further, ultrasonic welding is adopted between the non-woven fabric tubes in the S3.
Further, during the ultrasonic welding in the step S3, the coating rate is 1-10 m/S according to different formulas of the base material non-woven fabric and the casting solution.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the tubular membrane is prepared by adopting a low-temperature thermal induced phase method, the dissolving and phase splitting temperatures of the polyvinylidene fluoride are reduced by selecting a proper diluent, and the requirements on a membrane tube non-woven fabric substrate and equipment are reduced.
2. The water-soluble mixed diluent is adopted, and pure water or ethanol with a certain concentration is used in the extraction process, so that the consumption is reduced, the cost is reduced, and the environment is protected.
3. The polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane with good hydrophilicity and uniform pore size distribution is prepared by adjusting the formula and the process.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane, which comprises the following preparation methods:
s1, weighing 25 parts of polyvinylidene fluoride resin, 5 parts of pore-foaming agent polyethylene glycol 200, 5 parts of hydrophilic modifier PVP-K60, 45 parts of triethyl phosphate and 20 parts of diethylene glycol according to parts by weight, adding into a stirring tank, mixing, introducing nitrogen for protection, heating to 130 ℃, fully stirring for 6 hours until the mixed solution is uniform and transparent, standing for 1 hour, and then vacuumizing for defoaming.
S2, quantitatively conveying the casting solution through a gear pump under the pressure environment of 0.2MPa, coating the surface of a non-woven fabric 8mm membrane tube which is curled into a tube and welded by ultrasonic waves at the coating rate of 5m/S, and cutting the membrane tube into a certain length according to the use requirement.
S3, immersing the membrane tube coated with the membrane casting solution into a pure water cooling bath at 20 ℃ to carry out thermally induced phase separation after passing through a heating tube at the periphery and a gap of 30cm of air (keeping the temperature at 25 ℃) for heating and keeping the temperature, extracting for 24 hours in pure water at 20 ℃ after 5 minutes to remove diluents of triethyl phosphate, diethylene glycol and a pore-forming agent, and carrying out post-treatment process and air drying to obtain the polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane.
The polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane is used for testing the pure water flux which is 1100L/(m) under the conditions of 0.1MPa of pressure and 25 ℃ of water temperature2·h)。
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane, which comprises the following preparation methods:
s1, weighing 25 parts of polyvinylidene fluoride resin, 2 parts of pore-forming agent lithium chloride, 4 parts of hydrophilic modifier PVP-K90, 59 parts of triethyl phosphate and 10 parts of diethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate according to parts by weight, adding the materials into a stirring tank, mixing, introducing nitrogen for protection, heating to 100 ℃, fully stirring for 6 hours until the mixed solution is uniform and transparent, standing for 1 hour, and vacuumizing for defoaming.
S2, quantitatively conveying the casting solution through a gear pump under the pressure of 0.3MPa, coating the 6mm non-woven fabric membrane tube which is curled into a tube and welded by ultrasonic waves at the coating rate of 4.5m/S, and cutting the membrane tube into a certain length.
S3, immersing the membrane tube coated with the membrane casting solution into a pure water cooling bath at 20 ℃ to perform thermal phase separation after passing through an air gap of 30cm (keeping the temperature at 60 ℃), extracting for 24 hours in pure water at 30 ℃ after 5 minutes to remove diluents of triethyl phosphate, diethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate and a pore-forming agent, and performing post-treatment and air-drying processes to obtain the polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane.
Mixing the above polyvinylidene fluoride tubeThe pure water flux is tested by a formula membrane under the conditions of 0.1MPa of pressure and 25 ℃ of water temperature, and is 600L/(m)2·h)。
Example 3:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane, which comprises the following preparation methods:
s1, weighing 35 parts of polyvinylidene fluoride resin, 5 parts of pore-forming agent polyethylene glycol 600, 5 parts of hydrophilic modifier F-127, 40 parts of triethyl phosphate and 15 parts of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate according to parts by weight, adding into a stirring tank, mixing, introducing nitrogen for protection, heating to 130 ℃, fully stirring for 6 hours until the mixed solution is uniform and transparent, standing for 1 hour, and then vacuumizing and defoaming.
S2, quantitatively conveying the casting solution through a gear pump under the pressure of 0.1MPa, coating the coiled pipe and the ultrasonic welded non-woven 8mm film pipe at the coating rate of 1.5m/S, and cutting the film pipe into a certain length.
S3, immersing the membrane tube coated with the membrane casting solution into 60% ethanol aqueous solution at 30 ℃ to perform thermally induced phase separation after passing through an air gap of 10cm (keeping the temperature at 60 ℃), extracting in pure water at 35 ℃ for 24 hours after 5 minutes to remove diluents of triethyl phosphate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate and pore-forming agents, and performing post-treatment and air drying to obtain the polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane.
The polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane is used for testing the pure water flux, and the pure water flux is 780L/(m) under the conditions that the pressure is 0.1MPa and the water temperature is 25 DEG C2·h)。
Example 4:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane, which comprises the following preparation methods:
s1, weighing 35 parts of polyvinylidene fluoride resin, 5 parts of pore-forming agent polyethylene glycol 2000, 5 parts of hydrophilic modifier polymethyl methacrylate, 20 parts of N, N-dimethylacetamide and 35 parts of diethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate according to parts by weight, adding the mixture into a stirring tank, mixing, introducing nitrogen for protection, heating to 150 ℃, fully stirring for 6 hours until the mixed solution is uniform and transparent, standing for 1 hour, and then vacuumizing for defoaming.
S2, quantitatively conveying the casting solution through a gear pump under the pressure of 0.1MPa, coating the 6mm non-woven fabric membrane tube which is curled into a tube and welded by ultrasonic waves at the coating rate of 3.5m/S, and cutting the membrane tube into a certain length;
s3, immersing the membrane tube coated with the membrane casting solution into a pure water cooling bath at 60 ℃ to perform thermally induced phase separation after passing through an air gap of 20cm (keeping the temperature at 30 ℃), extracting for 24 hours in pure water at 30 ℃ after 5 minutes to remove the diluent and the pore-forming agent, and performing post-treatment and air-drying processes to obtain the polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane.
The polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane is used for testing the pure water flux under the conditions of 0.1MPa of pressure and 25 ℃ of water temperature, and the pure water flux is 1200L/(m)2·h)。
Example 5:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane, which comprises the following preparation methods:
s1, weighing 20 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride resin, 5 parts by weight of pore-forming agent polyethylene glycol 4000, 10 parts by weight of hydrophilic modifier (5 parts of F-127 and 5 parts of F-108), 40 parts by weight of triethyl phosphate and 25 parts by weight of diethylene glycol, adding the mixture into a stirring tank, mixing, introducing nitrogen for protection, heating to 160 ℃, fully stirring for 6 hours until the mixed solution is uniform and transparent, standing for 1 hour, and then vacuumizing and defoaming.
S2, quantitatively conveying the casting solution through a gear pump under the pressure of 0.1MPa, coating the 12 mm film tube of the non-woven fabric which is curled into a tube and welded by ultrasonic waves at the coating rate of 2.3m/S, and cutting the film tube into a certain length;
s3, immersing the membrane tube coated with the membrane casting solution into a 60% ethanol aqueous solution cooling bath at 25 ℃ to perform thermally induced phase separation after passing through an air gap of 15cm (keeping the temperature at 25 ℃), extracting for 24 hours in pure water at 25 ℃ after 5 minutes to remove diluents of triethyl phosphate, diethylene glycol and a pore-forming agent, and performing post-treatment and air drying to obtain the polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane.
The polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane is used for testing the pure water flux which is 1500L/(m) under the conditions of 0.1MPa of pressure and 25 ℃ of water temperature2·h)。
In conclusion, the tubular membrane is prepared by adopting a low-temperature thermal induced phase method, the dissolution and phase separation temperatures of the polyvinylidene fluoride are reduced by selecting a proper diluent, and the requirements on a membrane tube non-woven fabric substrate and equipment are reduced. The polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane with good hydrophilicity and uniform pore size distribution is prepared by adjusting the formula and the process.
Meanwhile, under the conditions that the pressure is 0.1MPa and the water temperature is 25 ℃, the pure water flux is more than 600L/(m)2·h)。
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing a polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane by a low-temperature thermal-induced phase method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, adding polyvinylidene fluoride resin, a pore-forming agent, a hydrophilic modifier and a diluent into a stirring tank according to the parts by weight, stirring and mixing, heating to 100-160 ℃, fully stirring, standing, vacuumizing and defoaming to obtain a membrane casting solution;
s2, coating the casting solution on the surface of a non-woven fabric tube under the pressure environment of 0.1-1 MPa to obtain a coated tube;
s3, soaking the coated pipe in a cooling bath at the temperature of 20-60 ℃, extracting in pure water at the temperature of 20-35 ℃ to remove a diluent and an additive, and airing to obtain a polyvinylidene fluoride tubular film;
wherein: the diluent comprises a good solvent and a poor solvent, wherein the ratio of the good solvent: 2-9% of a poor solvent: 8-1; the diameter of the polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane is 4-20 mm, and the wall thickness is 50-350 mu m; the membrane aperture of the polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane is 0.01-10 mu m;
meanwhile, under the conditions that the pressure is 0.1MPa and the water temperature is 25 ℃, the pure water flux is more than 600L/(m)2·h)。
2. The method for preparing a polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane according to claim 1, wherein the polyvinylidene fluoride resin, the pore-forming agent, the hydrophilic modifier, the good solvent and the poor solvent in the step S1 are 25-50% by weight: 1-10%: 0-20%: 20-60%: 10 to 35 percent.
3. The method for preparing a polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane according to claim 2, wherein the pore-forming agent is one or a mixture of lithium chloride, polyethylene glycol 200, polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 600, polyethylene glycol 800, polyethylene glycol 1000, polyethylene glycol 2000, polyethylene glycol 3000 and polyethylene glycol 4000.
4. The method for preparing the polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane according to claim 2, wherein the hydrophilic modifier is one or a mixture of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polymethyl methacrylate, F-127 and F-108.
5. The method for preparing the polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane according to claim 2, wherein the good solvent comprises one of triethyl phosphate and N, N-dimethylacetamide; the poor solvent comprises one or a mixture of diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate and propylene glycol methyl ether acetate.
6. The method for preparing the polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane according to the claim 1, wherein the raw material is introduced into S1, and then the raw material is heated and stirred under the protection of nitrogen.
7. The method for preparing the polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane according to the claim 1, wherein the cooling bath in S3 is air, pure water, ethanol mixture or mixture of pure water and ethanol.
8. The method for preparing the polyvinylidene fluoride tubular membrane according to the claim 1, wherein the nonwoven fabric tubes in the step S3 are welded by ultrasonic wave.
9. The method for preparing the polyvinylidene fluoride tubular film according to the claim 8, wherein the coating speed is 1-10 m/S during the ultrasonic welding in S3.
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| CN113368703A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-10 | 安徽普朗膜技术有限公司 | Method for preparing polyaryletherketone organic tubular membrane by pore-foaming agent |
| CN113368703B (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2022-05-31 | 安徽普朗膜技术有限公司 | Method for preparing polyaryletherketone organic tubular membrane by pore-foaming agent |
| CN114307673A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-04-12 | 杨春波 | Internal coating and surface coating process for tubular composite membrane |
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