CN111010213A - An aircraft electrical system communication terminal - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种飞行器电气系统通信终端，包括一个主节点终端和多个从节点终端，在飞行器电子系统中选择一个电子设备安装主节点终端，在其余电子设备上安装从节点终端，主节点终端和从节点终端能够实现自动组网，每个从节点终端和主节点终端通过28V直流供电线进行通信。本发明实现了基于电力线的数据通信，从而降低了线缆网的复杂度，进而降低了飞行器的重量和体积。
An aircraft electrical system communication terminal, comprising a master node terminal and a plurality of slave node terminals, select one electronic device in the aircraft electronic system to install the master node terminal, and install slave node terminals, master node terminals and slave nodes on the remaining electronic devices The terminal can realize automatic networking, and each slave node terminal and the master node terminal communicate through a 28V DC power supply line. The invention realizes the data communication based on the power line, thereby reducing the complexity of the cable network, thereby reducing the weight and volume of the aircraft.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aircraft electrical system communication terminal, and belongs to the field of remote measuring systems.
Background
The communication between the electrical devices in the aircraft generally carries out data transmission in a wired mode, and because the electrical devices are more and the communication signal types are complex, a huge cable network between the devices exists in an electrical system, so that the weight and the volume of the aircraft are greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the defects of the prior art are overcome, and the aircraft electrical system communication terminal is provided to realize data communication based on the power line, so that the complexity of a cable network is reduced, and the weight and the volume of the aircraft are reduced.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
the aircraft electrical system communication terminal comprises a master node terminal and a plurality of slave node terminals, wherein one electronic device is selected from an aircraft electronic system and is provided with the master node terminal, the other electronic devices are provided with the slave node terminals, the master node terminal and the slave node terminals can realize automatic networking, and each slave node terminal and the master node terminal are communicated through a 28V direct current power supply line.
Each slave node terminal can be used as a relay communication contact to realize the communication between the remote slave node terminal and the master node terminal.
The main node terminal comprises a main control circuit, a main PLC carrier communication circuit, a main RS422 interface circuit and a main power supply circuit;
a main control circuit: determining a networking white list, and sending a networking instruction to a main PLC carrier communication circuit; controlling the communication frequency band and the transmitting signal gain of the PLC, and simultaneously sending the communication frequency band of the slave node terminal to the main PLC carrier communication circuit; after networking, receiving the carrier data of the slave node terminal sent by the master PLC carrier communication circuit, judging whether the carrier data is sent to the master node terminal, if so, sending the carrier data to master external equipment connected with the master node terminal through a master RS422 interface circuit; receiving the information of the main external equipment forwarded by the main RS422 interface circuit, converting the information into carrier data and sending the carrier data to the main PLC carrier communication circuit;
main PLC carrier communication circuit: is connected with a 28V direct current power supply line; sending the networking instruction to a slave node terminal in a networking white list through a 28V direct current power supply line; transmitting the communication frequency band of the slave node terminal to the slave node terminal through a 28V direct current power supply line; after networking, receiving carrier data sent by the slave node terminal through a 28V direct current power supply line, and sending the carrier data to the main control circuit; if the carrier data is to be sent to other slave node terminals, sending the carrier data to the corresponding slave node terminals through a 28V direct current power supply line; according to the requirement, the carrier data from the main control circuit is sent to the corresponding slave node terminal through a 28V direct current power supply line;
main RS422 interface circuit: the carrier data transmission circuit is connected with the main external equipment, forwards information sent by the main external equipment to the main control circuit and sends the carrier data received by the main control circuit to the main external equipment;
a main power supply circuit: and receiving power supply of a 28V direct current power supply line, performing primary power supply conversion on the power supply line to obtain 12V voltage to supply power to the main PLC carrier communication circuit, and performing secondary power supply conversion on the 12V voltage to obtain 3.3V voltage to supply power to the main PLC carrier communication circuit, the main control circuit and the main RS422 interface circuit.
The communication rate of data transmission between the main control circuit and the main PLC carrier communication circuit can reach 3Mbps at most.
The main control circuit adopts an STM32F103CBT6 chip and designs three communication interfaces, namely an external debugging interface and two UART interfaces; the STM32F103CBT6 chip adopts a Cortex-M3 ARM inner core, and the dominant frequency is 72 MHz; the external debugging interface is connected to the external connector of the product, so that the program upgrading and debugging functions of the main node terminal are realized; the UART1 is connected to the main RS422 interface circuit to realize the serial port communication function with the main external equipment, and the maximum communication speed reaches 2.25 Mb/s; the UART2 is connected to the main PLC carrier communication circuit to realize data transceiving function, and the maximum communication speed reaches 4.5 Mb/s.
The slave node terminal comprises a slave control circuit, a slave PLC carrier communication circuit, a slave RS422 interface circuit and a slave power supply circuit;
slave PLC carrier communication circuit: is connected with a 28V direct current power supply line; receiving a networking instruction through a 28V direct current power supply line to realize network access; receiving the communication frequency band and the information carrier data of the main external equipment sent by the main node terminal through a 28V direct current power supply line, and forwarding the data to a slave control circuit; sending the information carrier data of the slave external equipment to a main node terminal through a 28V direct current power supply line;
the slave control circuit: receiving a communication frequency band sent by a main node terminal, and adjusting the communication frequency band to the communication frequency band sent by the main node terminal; receiving information carrier data of the master external equipment sent by the master node terminal, and forwarding the information carrier data to the slave external equipment connected with the slave node terminal through a slave RS422 interface circuit; receiving the information of the slave external equipment forwarded by the RS422 interface circuit, converting the information into carrier data and sending the carrier data to the slave PLC carrier communication circuit;
from the RS422 interface circuitry: the slave control circuit is connected with the slave external device, forwards the information sent from the external device to the slave control circuit and sends the carrier data received from the control circuit to the slave external device;
from the power supply circuit: the power supply of the 28V direct current power supply line is received, primary power supply conversion is carried out on the power supply, 12V voltage is obtained and used for supplying power to the slave PLC carrier communication circuit, meanwhile, secondary power supply conversion is carried out on the 12V voltage, 3.3V voltage is obtained and used for supplying power to the slave PLC carrier communication circuit, the slave control circuit and the slave RS422 interface circuit.
When the slave node terminal serves as a relay communication node, the slave PLC carrier communication circuit transfers the carrier data transmitted from the master node terminal to the slave PLC carrier communication circuit of the corresponding slave node terminal via the 28V dc power supply line.
The communication rate of data transmission between the slave control circuit and the slave PLC carrier communication circuit is up to 3 Mbps.
The slave control circuit adopts an STM32F103CBT6 chip and designs three communication interfaces, namely an external debugging interface and two UART interfaces; the STM32F103CBT6 chip adopts a Cortex-M3 ARM inner core, and the dominant frequency is 72 MHz; the external debugging interface is connected to an external connector of a product, so that the program upgrading and debugging functions of the slave node terminal are realized; the UART1 is connected to the slave RS422 interface circuit, and realizes the serial port communication function with the slave external equipment, and the maximum communication speed reaches 2.25 Mb/s; the UART2 is connected to the slave PLC carrier communication circuit to realize data transceiving function, and the maximum communication speed thereof reaches 4.5 Mb/s.
Each slave node terminal and the master node terminal communicate through a 28V direct current power supply line, when a communication broadband carrier signal is superposed on the 28V direct current power supply line, the communication broadband carrier signal needs to be set in order to reduce the influence on the power supply frequency of the 28V direct current power supply line, and the setting mode is as follows:
a) adjusting the working frequency bands of a main node terminal and a slave node terminal according to the frequency point distribution condition of each device of an electrical system on an aircraft, wherein the working frequency bands of the main node terminal and the slave node terminal are 700K-30 MHz;
b) adjusting the output signal power and signal gain of the main node terminal and the slave node terminal to enable the in-band emission power spectrum density to be adjustable within the range of-55 dB/Hz-35 dB/Hz, and ensuring the normal communication of the terminals on the premise of reducing the influence of terminal signals on other equipment;
c) the current generated by the terminal broadband carrier signal in the system is measured, and compared with the interference signal injection limit value specified in the CS114 test item in the GJB151B, if the current generated by the broadband carrier signal is smaller than the limit value, it can be shown that the broadband carrier signal in the system is smaller than the interference signal injection limit value specified by the CS114, and if other devices in the system pass the CS114 test, the other devices should be able to bear the influence of the broadband carrier signal, so as to evaluate the influence of the broadband carrier signal on the other devices.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention realizes the broadband carrier ad hoc network communication of the aircraft electrical system based on the 28V direct current power supply line for the first time, thereby reducing the complexity of a cable network and further reducing the weight and the volume of the aircraft. Meanwhile, when the communication terminal is used for communication, the aircraft electrical system can be compatible, and the normal work of other equipment of the aircraft electrical system is not influenced.
(2) Under the condition of no relay, the transmission distance of the invention can reach more than 2Km based on the 28V direct current power supply line, and the invention can meet the data mutual transmission requirement between any 28V power supply equipment and ground equipment in the aircraft.
(3) The invention has the characteristics of high speed, low error rate and low delay. The master PLC carrier communication circuit and the slave PLC carrier communication circuit adopt an OFDM modulation and demodulation mode, and the communication speed of effective data is up to more than 2 Mb/s; by setting the broadband carrier signal of communication, the low bit error rate is realized, the anti-jamming capability is strong, the aircraft 28V power supply network system is compatible, and the high-reliability data transmission is realized.
(4) The invention can realize the low-delay quick transparent transmission function of data between devices, can ensure that the delay of the PLC carrier communication circuit is less than 30ms by means of widening the working frequency range of the terminal, improving the serial port communication rate with external devices and the like, and meets the transparent transmission requirements of various protocols and various interfaces.
(5) The invention adopts a miniaturized modular design, is convenient to install and use, does not influence the normal work of other terminals when increasing or decreasing one terminal, and is flexible to install and use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication terminal according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a master control circuit or a slave control circuit;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a master PLC carrier communication circuit;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a slave LC carrier communication circuit;
fig. 5 is a perspective view of a master PLC carrier communication circuit or a slave PLC carrier communication circuit.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides an aircraft electrical system communication terminal which realizes data communication based on a power line so as to reduce the complexity of a cable network.
The communication terminal comprises a main node terminal and a plurality of slave node terminals, wherein one electronic device is selected from an aircraft electronic system and is provided with the main node terminal, the other electronic devices are provided with the slave node terminals, the main node terminal and the slave node terminals can realize automatic networking, and a multi-level associated tree structure which takes the main node terminal as a center and is connected with all the slave node terminals in the same 28V power supply network is formed. Each slave node terminal and master node terminal performs information forwarding transmission through a 28V dc power supply line. Each slave node terminal can be used as a relay communication contact, and when the communication environment of the slave node terminal is severe and difficult to directly carry out networking communication with the master node terminal, the relay networking communication with the master node terminal can be realized through other slave node terminals. Electronic equipment in the aircraft electrical system can realize interconnection and intercommunication through the main node terminal and the slave node terminal after networking.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the master node terminal includes a master control circuit, a master PLC carrier communication circuit, a master RS422 interface circuit, and a master power supply circuit.
A main control circuit: determining a networking white list, and sending a networking instruction to a main PLC carrier communication circuit; controlling the communication frequency band and the transmitting signal gain of the PLC, and simultaneously sending the communication frequency band of the slave node terminal to the main PLC carrier communication circuit; after networking, receiving the carrier data of the slave node terminal sent by the master PLC carrier communication circuit, judging whether the carrier data is sent to the master node terminal, if so, sending the carrier data to master external equipment connected with the master node terminal through a master RS422 interface circuit; receiving the information of the main external equipment forwarded by the main RS422 interface circuit, converting the information into carrier data and sending the carrier data to the main PLC carrier communication circuit;
main PLC carrier communication circuit: is connected with a 28V direct current power supply line; sending the networking instruction to a slave node terminal in a networking white list through a 28V direct current power supply line; transmitting the communication frequency band of the slave node terminal to the slave node terminal through a 28V direct current power supply line; after networking, receiving carrier data sent by the slave node terminal through a 28V direct current power supply line, and sending the carrier data to the main control circuit; if the carrier data is to be sent to other slave node terminals, sending the carrier data to the corresponding slave node terminals through a 28V direct current power supply line; according to the requirement, the carrier data from the main control circuit is sent to the corresponding slave node terminal through a 28V direct current power supply line;
main RS422 interface circuit: the carrier data transmission circuit is connected with the main external equipment, forwards information sent by the main external equipment to the main control circuit and sends the carrier data received by the main control circuit to the main external equipment;
a main power supply circuit: and receiving power supply of a 28V direct current power supply line, performing primary power supply conversion on the power supply line to obtain 12V voltage to supply power to the main PLC carrier communication circuit, and performing secondary power supply conversion on the 12V voltage to obtain 3.3V voltage to supply power to the main PLC carrier communication circuit, the main control circuit and the main RS422 interface circuit.
The communication rate of data transmission between the main control circuit and the main PLC carrier communication circuit can reach 3Mbps at most.
The main control circuit adopts an STM32F103CBT6 chip and designs three communication interfaces, namely an external debugging interface and two UART interfaces; the STM32F103CBT6 chip adopts a Cortex-M3 ARM inner core, and the dominant frequency is 72 MHz; the external debugging interface is connected to the external connector of the product, so that the program upgrading and debugging functions of the main node terminal are realized; the UART1 is connected to the main RS422 interface circuit to realize the serial port communication function with the main external equipment, and the maximum communication speed reaches 2.25 Mb/s; the UART2 is connected to the main PLC carrier communication circuit to realize data transceiving function, and the maximum communication speed reaches 4.5 Mb/s.
The slave node terminal comprises a slave control circuit, a slave PLC carrier communication circuit, a slave RS422 interface circuit and a slave power supply circuit;
slave PLC carrier communication circuit: is connected with a 28V direct current power supply line; receiving a networking instruction through a 28V direct current power supply line to realize network access; receiving the communication frequency band and the information carrier data of the main external equipment sent by the main node terminal through a 28V direct current power supply line, and forwarding the data to a slave control circuit; sending the information carrier data of the slave external equipment to a main node terminal through a 28V direct current power supply line;
the slave control circuit: receiving a communication frequency band sent by a main node terminal, and adjusting the communication frequency band to the communication frequency band sent by the main node terminal; receiving information carrier data of the master external equipment sent by the master node terminal, and forwarding the information carrier data to the slave external equipment connected with the slave node terminal through a slave RS422 interface circuit; receiving the information of the slave external equipment forwarded by the RS422 interface circuit, converting the information into carrier data and sending the carrier data to the slave PLC carrier communication circuit;
from the RS422 interface circuitry: the slave control circuit is connected with the slave external device, forwards the information sent from the external device to the slave control circuit and sends the carrier data received from the control circuit to the slave external device;
from the power supply circuit: the power supply of the 28V direct current power supply line is received, primary power supply conversion is carried out on the power supply, 12V voltage is obtained and used for supplying power to the slave PLC carrier communication circuit, meanwhile, secondary power supply conversion is carried out on the 12V voltage, 3.3V voltage is obtained and used for supplying power to the slave PLC carrier communication circuit, the slave control circuit and the slave RS422 interface circuit.
When the slave node terminal serves as a relay communication node, the slave PLC carrier communication circuit transfers the carrier data transmitted from the master node terminal to the slave PLC carrier communication circuit of the corresponding slave node terminal via the 28V dc power supply line.
The communication rate of data transmission between the slave control circuit and the slave PLC carrier communication circuit is up to 3 Mbps.
As shown in fig. 2, the master control circuit in the master node terminal and the slave control circuit in the slave node terminal have the same structure, and both use STM32F103CBT6 chips to design three communication interfaces, namely, an external debug interface and two UART interfaces; the STM32F103CBT6 chip adopts a Cortex-M3 ARM core, the dominant frequency is 72MHz, the chip has 48 pins in total, the size is small, and the computing and interface resources are rich; the external debugging interface is connected to the product external-to-external connector, so that the program upgrading and debugging functions of the corresponding terminal are realized;
the UART1 of the main control circuit is connected to the main RS422 interface circuit to realize the serial port communication function with the main external equipment, and the maximum communication speed reaches 2.25 Mb/s; the UART2 is connected to the main PLC carrier communication circuit to realize data transceiving function, and the maximum communication speed reaches 4.5 Mb/s.
The UART1 of the slave control circuit is connected to the slave RS422 interface circuit to realize the serial port communication function with the slave external equipment, and the maximum communication speed reaches 2.25 Mb/s; the UART2 is connected to the slave PLC carrier communication circuit to realize data transceiving function, and the maximum communication speed thereof reaches 4.5 Mb/s.
As shown in fig. 3, the main PLC carrier communication circuit includes a crystal oscillator, a PSRAM, a PLC chip (HZ3001), an analog front end chip (PA1450), and a signal conditioning and coupling circuit.
The HZ3001 chip integrates two 32-bit RISC-V kernel CPUs, is internally provided with a PLC MAC, a PLC PHY based on OFDM modulation and demodulation, an Analog Front End (AFE) and various peripheral interfaces (such as UART, SPI, I2C and the like), performs amplification processing through an external analog front-end chip PA1450, and is provided with a PSRAM chip to expand the running memory capacity of the chip.
The signal conditioning circuit mainly completes functions of PLC signal filtering, coupling, surge suppression and the like.
As shown in fig. 4, the slave PLC carrier communication circuit includes a crystal oscillator, a PLC chip (HZ3011), and a signal conditioning and coupling circuit. The external analog front-end chip PA1450 and PSRAM chip are not equipped.
The three-dimensional structure of the master PLC carrier communication circuit and the slave PLC carrier communication circuit is shown in fig. 5, and the size is 70mm (length) × 63mm (width) × 28mm (height).
The technical indexes of the master node terminal and the slave node terminal of the present invention are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 main technical indexes of terminal
| Serial number | Index name | Specific index |
| 1 | Rate of communication | ＞1Mb/s |
| 2 | Topological structure | Bus structure |
| 3 | Modulation system | PLC broadband carrier |
| 4 | Coding method | OFDM |
| 5 | Communication distance | Greater than 200 m |
| 6 | |
28V±4V |
| 7 | Supply current | ＜0.15A |
| 8 | Weight (D) | ＜0.15kg |
The terminal of the invention needs to be bound with the appointed external equipment and appoints the ID of the terminal, and the data transmission between the equipment needs to appoint the ID number of the other party.
When the master external device needs to send data to a certain slave external device 2, the control circuit of the master node terminal firstly analyzes and identifies a data frame sent by the master external device through the master RS422 interface circuit, then packages the data frame as a data segment into a data frame format (the data frame contains the MAC address of the slave external device 2) identified by the master PLC carrier communication circuit and sends the data frame format to the master PLC carrier communication circuit, the master PLC carrier communication circuit sends the packaged data to the 28V dc power supply line, the slave PLC carrier communication circuit of the slave node terminal corresponding to the slave external device receives the data matched with its own ID and sends the data to the slave control circuit, and the slave control circuit extracts the data segment data and finally forwards the data to the slave external device to complete the data transparent transmission function.
The invention can also remove the master control circuit and the slave control circuit according to the requirement, and directly use the master PLC carrier communication circuit or the slave PLC carrier communication circuit to be connected with the RS422 interface circuit, thereby further reducing the communication delay.
The invention realizes the broadband carrier ad hoc network communication of the aircraft electrical system based on the 28V direct current power supply line for the first time, thereby reducing the complexity of a cable network and further reducing the weight and the volume of the aircraft. Meanwhile, when the communication terminal is used for communication, the aircraft electrical system can be compatible, and the normal work of other equipment of the aircraft electrical system is not influenced.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention has not been described in detail in this specification.
Claims (10)
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| CN116594343A (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-08-15 | 红岩(重庆)防务科技有限公司 | A remote operation method of UAV based on embedded computer |
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