CN111008743A - High-discretization reservoir power generation optimal scheduling method - Google Patents

High-discretization reservoir power generation optimal scheduling method Download PDF

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CN111008743A
CN111008743A CN201911255453.8A CN201911255453A CN111008743A CN 111008743 A CN111008743 A CN 111008743A CN 201911255453 A CN201911255453 A CN 201911255453A CN 111008743 A CN111008743 A CN 111008743A
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顾巍
叶志伟
徐志刚
徐慧
董新华
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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-discretization reservoir power generation optimal scheduling method, which comprises the steps of firstly establishing a maximum model of high-discretization space reservoir power generation optimal scheduling; and then, solving a maximum model for optimizing and dispatching the power generation of the reservoir in the high discrete space by adopting a cultural whale optimization algorithm and combining a discrete space mapping continuous strategy. The invention adopts culture algorithm, whale optimization algorithm and discrete space mapping continuous strategy to process the power generation optimization scheduling problem of the reservoir with high discrete space, effectively improves the reservoir scheduling level and provides a new method for solving the reservoir scheduling problem with high discrete constraint.

Description

High-discretization reservoir power generation optimal scheduling method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of reservoir optimization scheduling in the field of water resources, and particularly relates to a high-discretization reservoir power generation optimization scheduling method.
Background
Reservoir optimal scheduling is an important means for water resource optimal utilization, and the reservoir generally has the functions of power generation, flood control, irrigation, water supply and the like. In the power generation dispatching of the reservoir, the reservoir optimization dispatching problem is a high-dimensionality, multi-constraint and nonlinear complex optimization problem, and the research on the problem is always a hotspot researched by scholars. When the vibration problem of each unit in the reservoir is considered, the combined feasible region is a highly discrete feasible region, and an infeasible solution is easily trapped during problem solving, so that more challenges are brought.
Therefore, a proper mechanism is needed to be adopted to process the high discretization so as to improve the quality of the solution of the algorithm for solving the reservoir optimal scheduling problem.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a high-discretization reservoir power generation optimal scheduling method, which adopts a cultural algorithm, a whale optimal algorithm and a discrete space mapping continuous strategy to process the high-discretization space reservoir power generation optimal scheduling problem, effectively improves the reservoir scheduling level, and provides a new method for the high-discretization constraint reservoir scheduling problem.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the optimal scheduling method for the power generation of the high-discretization reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: establishing a maximum mathematical model of reservoir dispatching generating capacity;
Figure BDA0002310123810000011
s.t.
Vt=Vt-1+It-Qt-St
Vmin≤Vt≤Vmax
Qmin≤Qt≤Qmax
Pmin≤Pt≤Pmax
V0=VB,VT=VE
Figure BDA0002310123810000012
whereinP is the generated energy; k is a hydropower station output coefficient; qiThe average generated flow at the moment i; hiAverage head for period i; diHours of the i period; t is the total number of periods in the scheduling period, where VtIs the storage capacity of the reservoir at time t, ItIs the warehousing flow rate, Q, of the reservoir at the time ttGenerating flow of reservoir at time t, StThe water discharge of the reservoir at the time t; vmin、VmaxThe lower limit and the upper limit of the reservoir capacity of the reservoir; qmin、QmaxThe lower limit and the upper limit of reservoir discharge; pmin、PmaxFor reservoir to produce PtLower and upper limits of, V0、VTRegulating the starting water level and the final water level for hydropower dispatching;
Figure BDA0002310123810000021
is the feasible region of the reservoir output;
step 2: and solving a maximum model of the high-dispersion-space reservoir power generation optimal scheduling by adopting a cultural whale optimization algorithm and combining a discrete space mapping continuous strategy to realize the high-dispersion-space reservoir power generation optimal scheduling.
Compared with the existing algorithm, the reservoir power generation optimization scheduling considering the high dispersion condition is provided by the invention, the existing algorithm processes the discrete solution space in a penalty function mode, the penalty function mode easily causes the solution to fall into an infeasible area when the dispersion is high, and in the actual reservoir operation, due to the fact that different generator set vibration infeasible intervals are different, the scheduling problem in the power generation operation of a distribution power station is the high dispersion optimization problem. The invention provides a culture whale optimization algorithm under the high-dispersion condition, integrates the treatment of a high-dispersion space in the algorithm design process, improves the problem of algorithm treatment on high-dispersion reservoir dispatching, integrates the culture algorithm and the whale optimization algorithm, provides the culture whale optimization algorithm, and further improves the capability of the algorithm jumping out of local optimal solution, thereby improving the reservoir power generation optimization dispatching performance of the algorithm, and providing more practical operation management for the reservoir.
The invention relates to a high-discretization reservoir power generation optimal scheduling method, which adopts a cultural algorithm, a whale optimal algorithm and a discrete space mapping continuous strategy to process the high-discretization reservoir power generation optimal scheduling problem, effectively improves the reservoir scheduling level, and provides a new method for the high-discretization-constraint reservoir scheduling problem
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate the understanding and implementation of the present invention for those of ordinary skill in the art, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, it is to be understood that the embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and explanatory of the present invention and are not restrictive thereof.
Referring to fig. 1, the optimal scheduling method for power generation of a high-discretization reservoir provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing a maximum mathematical model of reservoir dispatching generating capacity;
Figure BDA0002310123810000031
s.t.
Vt=Vt-1+It-Qt-St
Vmin≤Vt≤Vmax
Qmin≤Qt≤Qmax
Pmin≤Pt≤Pmax
V0=VB,VT=VE
Figure BDA0002310123810000032
wherein, P is the generated energy; k is a hydropower station output coefficient; qiThe average generated flow at the moment i; hiAverage head for period i; diHours of the i period; t is the total number of periods in the scheduling period, where VtFor reservoir at time tCarved storage capacity, ItIs the warehousing flow rate, Q, of the reservoir at the time ttGenerating flow of reservoir at time t, StThe water discharge of the reservoir at the time t; vmin、VmaxThe lower limit and the upper limit of the reservoir capacity of the reservoir; qmin、QmaxThe lower limit and the upper limit of reservoir discharge; pmin、PmaxFor reservoir to produce PtLower and upper limits of, V0、VTRegulating the starting water level and the final water level for hydropower dispatching;
Figure BDA0002310123810000033
is the feasible region of the reservoir output;
step 2: and solving a maximum model of the high-dispersion-space reservoir power generation optimal scheduling by adopting a cultural whale optimization algorithm and combining a discrete space mapping continuous strategy to realize the high-dispersion-space reservoir power generation optimal scheduling.
In this embodiment, the specific implementation of step 2 includes the following substeps:
step 2.1: initializing a population, and randomly generating N initial solutions in a solution space, namely randomly generating the positions of N whales;
wherein, the position of whale is marked as x (i,0) ═ Q1,Q2,..QT},QTThe generating flow of the reservoir at the T-th time period; in [ Q ]min,c,Qmax,c]Random generation of Q over a rangeTA value of (d); qmin,c,Qmax,cAnd the upper and lower limits of the reservoir generating flow in the T-th time period are restricted.
Step 2.2: calculating the fitness value of the whale, and comparing to obtain a solution with the maximum fitness value and a current optimal solution;
by the formula
Figure BDA0002310123810000034
Calculating the power generation capacity as the fitness value of the individual;
and carrying out penalty function processing on the violation of the constraint condition of the equation, namely P + PF (y), wherein PF (y) is a penalty function, and y is a constraint violation quantity.
Step 2.3: analyzing the position of whales in the colony, and updating situation knowledge, standard knowledge, historical knowledge and field knowledge in a cultural algorithm;
in this embodiment, situational knowledge is used to record the preferred individuals during evolution, and the structural description is as follows:
<E1,E2,....,Es
wherein S is knowledge volume, ESThe individuals in the situation knowledge are arranged in a descending order according to individual fitness values for the elite individuals in the evolution process; after the evolution of the individuals in the population space Npop is completed, selecting a better part of the individuals through an acceptance function and submitting the better part of the individuals to a belief space Nbel ef; and if the number of the individuals in the knowledge space exceeds the knowledge capacity S, replacing the poor individuals when a new individual is accepted, and selecting the better individuals to enter the belief space.
In the embodiment, the standard knowledge gives the range of each variable, and is used for providing a standard for an individual and guiding the individual to adjust; the standard knowledge structure is:
<l1,...lj,...,ln;u1,...uj,...,un
wherein ljAnd ujJ is the upper and lower limits of the variable, and n is the dimension of the variable.
In the embodiment, the historical knowledge is used for monitoring the evolutionary process of the population space and guiding the search direction of the population space; the historical knowledge records the optimal solution of the population after each generation of evolution in the population space, and the structure of the historical knowledge is as follows:
<f*(Mt-h+1),...,f*(Mt);ξt,h
wherein f is*(Mt-h+1)~f*(Mt) Fitness value for successive h generations of optimal individuals, ξt,hDescribing the relative change of the algorithm in the near h generation if ξt,hLess than a convergence threshold ξ0It indicates that the optimal individual of the latest h generation has no significant change, and the algorithm may be trapped in the local optimal solution.
In the embodiment, the domain knowledge is used for predicting the evolution direction, recording a better evolution trend, and jumping out the local optimum and improving the convergence precision by using a local search method; the structure of domain knowledge is:
<X*;LocalSearch()>
wherein, X*For the optimal solution obtained in the evolution process, LocalSearch () is a local search operator, and hill climbing search, namely X, is adopted*Whether + -random is more preferable, random is a random value.
Step 2.4: adopting situation knowledge and standard knowledge to spirally update the positions of whales, adopting a food search operator to search in combination with historical knowledge and domain knowledge, recalculating fitness values and updating the positions, sequencing the fitness values of all whales and finding out an optimal solution;
the specific implementation comprises the following substeps:
step 2.4.1: updating the position of whale by adopting situation knowledge and standard knowledge; the specific mathematical model is as follows:
Xi(t+1)=Xp(t)-A·cos(2πl)·ebl·|C·Xp(t)-Xi(t)|ifli<Xi(t+1)<ui
Xi(t+1)=liifli>Xi(t+1)
Xi(t+1)=uiifui<Xi(t+1)
wherein t is the current iteration number, Xp(t) is the position of the prey at time t, i.e. the position of the optimal solution in the population of the t generation, Xp(t) is the optimal solution of the t-th generation population, Xi(t +1) is the position of the individual i at the t +1 th generation; li,uiParameters that are standard knowledge; b is a constant coefficient, l is [0,1]]Random number in between, A · | C · Xp(t)-Xi(t) | is the step length of hunting enclosure, and a and C are coefficients for controlling the enclosure step length, respectively, and the coefficients are defined as follows:
A=a·(2·r1-1)
C=2·r2
wherein r1 and r2 are random numbers between [0,1], a is a control parameter set by adopting situation knowledge and standard knowledge:
Figure BDA0002310123810000051
in the formula tmaxIs the maximum iteration number;
step 2.4.2: searching by adopting a food search operator in combination with historical knowledge and domain knowledge; the specific mathematical model is as follows:
Xi(t+1)=Xp(t)-A·|C·Xrandom-Xi(t)|+Localsearch()
wherein t is the current iteration number, XrandomFor random historical knowledge location, A. C. Xp(t)-Xi(t) | is the step length surrounded by the hunting, A and C are coefficients for controlling the surrounding step length respectively, and Localsearch () is a neighborhood knowledge parameter;
step 2.5: adopting a discrete space mapping continuous strategy to map the individuals in the infeasible domain, namely mapping and correcting variables violating the constraint through a formula, wherein X is X +/-Xm, and Xm is a violation value;
step 2.6: judging whether the maximum iteration times is reached;
if yes, ending the process;
if not, the rotation is executed to repeat the step 2.2.
The invention adopts culture algorithm, whale optimization algorithm and discrete space mapping continuous strategy to process the power generation optimization scheduling problem of the reservoir with high discrete space, effectively improves the reservoir scheduling level and provides a new method for solving the reservoir scheduling problem with high discrete constraint.
It should be understood that the above description of the preferred embodiments is given for clarity and not for any purpose of limitation, and that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. The optimal scheduling method for the power generation of the high-discretization reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: establishing a maximum mathematical model of reservoir dispatching generating capacity;
Figure FDA0002310123800000011
s.t.
Vt=Vt-1+It-Qt-St
Vmin≤Vt≤Vmax
Qmin≤Qt≤Qmax
Pmin≤Pt≤Pmax
V0=VB,VT=VE
Figure FDA0002310123800000013
wherein, P is the generated energy; k is a hydropower station output coefficient; qiThe average generated flow at the moment i; hiAverage head for period i; diHours of the i period; t is the total number of periods in the scheduling period, where VtIs the storage capacity of the reservoir at time t, ItIs the warehousing flow rate, Q, of the reservoir at the time ttGenerating flow of reservoir at time t, StThe water discharge of the reservoir at the time t; vmin、VmaxThe lower limit and the upper limit of the reservoir capacity of the reservoir; qmin、QmaxThe lower limit and the upper limit of reservoir discharge; pmin、PmaxFor reservoir to produce PtLower and upper limits of, V0、VTRegulating the starting water level and the final water level for hydropower dispatching;
Figure FDA0002310123800000012
is the feasible region of the reservoir output;
step 2: and solving a maximum model of the high-dispersion-space reservoir power generation optimal scheduling by adopting a cultural whale optimization algorithm and combining a discrete space mapping continuous strategy to realize the high-dispersion-space reservoir power generation optimal scheduling.
2. The optimal scheduling method for power generation of high-discretization reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 is realized by the following substeps:
step 2.1: initializing a population, and randomly generating N initial solutions in a solution space, namely randomly generating the positions of N whales;
wherein, the position of whale is marked as x (i,0) ═ Q1,Q2,..QT},QTThe generating flow of the reservoir at the T-th time period; in [ Q ]min,T,Qmax,T]Random generation of Q over a rangeTA value of (d); qmin,c,Qmax,cThe upper limit and the lower limit of the reservoir generating flow in the T-th time period respectively;
step 2.2: calculating the fitness value of the whale, and comparing to obtain a solution with the maximum fitness value and a current optimal solution;
by the formula
Figure FDA0002310123800000021
Calculating the power generation capacity as the fitness value of the individual;
step 2.3: analyzing the position of whales in the colony, and updating situation knowledge, standard knowledge, historical knowledge and field knowledge in a cultural algorithm;
step 2.4: adopting situation knowledge and standard knowledge to spirally update the positions of whales, adopting a food search operator to search in combination with historical knowledge and domain knowledge, recalculating fitness values and updating the positions, sequencing the fitness values of all whales and finding out an optimal solution;
step 2.5: adopting a discrete space mapping continuous strategy to map the individuals in the infeasible domain, namely mapping and correcting variables violating the constraint through a formula, wherein X is X +/-Xm, and Xm is a violation value;
step 2.6: judging whether the maximum iteration times is reached;
if yes, ending the process;
if not, the rotation is executed to repeat the step 2.2.
3. The high-discretization optimal dispatching method for reservoir power generation according to claim 2, wherein the dispatching method comprises the following steps: in step 2.2, a penalty function is performed on the violation of the constraint condition of the equation, that is, P + pf (y), where pf (y) is the penalty function and y is the constraint violation quantity.
4. The high-discretization optimal dispatching method for reservoir power generation according to claim 2, wherein the dispatching method comprises the following steps: in step 2.3, the situational knowledge is used to record the superior individuals in the evolution process, and the structural description is as follows:
<E1,E2,....,Es
wherein S is knowledge volume, ESThe individuals in the situation knowledge are arranged in a descending order according to individual fitness values for the elite individuals in the evolution process; after the evolution of the individuals in the population space Npop is completed, selecting a better part of the individuals through an acceptance function and submitting the better part of the individuals to a belief space Nbel ef; and if the number of the individuals in the knowledge space exceeds the knowledge capacity S, replacing the poor individuals when a new individual is accepted, and selecting the better individuals to enter the belief space.
5. The high-discretization optimal dispatching method for reservoir power generation according to claim 2, wherein the dispatching method comprises the following steps: in step 2.3, the standard knowledge gives the range of each variable, and is used for providing standards for individuals and guiding the individuals to adjust; the standard knowledge structure is:
<l1,...lj,...,ln;u1,...uj,...,un
wherein ljAnd ujJ is the upper and lower limits of the variable, and n is the dimension of the variable.
6. The high-discretization optimal dispatching method for reservoir power generation according to claim 2, wherein the dispatching method comprises the following steps: in step 2.3, historical knowledge is used for monitoring the evolutionary process of the population space and guiding the search direction of the population space; the historical knowledge records the optimal solution of the population after each generation of evolution in the population space, and the structure of the historical knowledge is as follows:
<f*(Mt-h+1),...,f*(Mt);ξt,h>
wherein f is*(Mt-h+1)~f*(Mt) Fitness value for successive h generations of optimal individuals, ξt,hDescribing the relative change of the algorithm in the near h generation if ξt,hLess than a convergence threshold ξ0It indicates that the optimal individual of the latest h generation has no significant change, and the algorithm may be trapped in the local optimal solution.
7. The high-discretization optimal dispatching method for reservoir power generation according to claim 2, wherein the dispatching method comprises the following steps: in step 2.3, the domain knowledge is used for predicting the evolution direction, recording a better evolution trend, and jumping out the local optimum and improving the convergence precision by using a local search method; the structure of domain knowledge is:
<X*;LocalSearch()>
wherein, X*For the optimal solution obtained in the evolution process, LocalSearch () is a local search operator, and hill climbing search, namely X, is adopted*Whether + -random is more preferable, random is a random value.
8. The high-discretization optimal dispatching method for power generation of the reservoir according to claim 2, wherein the dispatching method is characterized in that. The specific implementation of step 4.2 comprises the following substeps:
step 2.4.1: updating the position of whale by adopting situation knowledge and standard knowledge; the specific mathematical model is as follows:
Xi(t+1)=Xi(t)-A·cos(2πl)·ebl·|C·Xp(t)-Xi(t)|if li<Xi(t+1)<ui
Xi(t+1)=liif li>Xi(t+1)
Xi(t+1)=uiif ui<Xi(t+1)
wherein t is the current iteration number, Xp(t) is the position of the prey at time t, i.e. the position of the optimal solution in the population of the t generation, Xp(t) is the optimal solution of the t-th generation population, Xi(t +1) is the position of the individual i at the t +1 th generation; li,uiParameters that are standard knowledge; b is a constant coefficient, l is [0,1]]Random number in between, A · | C · Xp(t)-Xi(t) | is the step length of hunting enclosure, and a and C are coefficients for controlling the enclosure step length, respectively, and the coefficients are defined as follows:
A=a·(2·r1-1)
C=2·r2
wherein r1 and r2 are random numbers between [0,1], a is a control parameter set by adopting situation knowledge and standard knowledge:
Figure FDA0002310123800000041
in the formula tmaxIs the maximum iteration number;
step 2.4.2: searching by adopting a food search operator in combination with historical knowledge and domain knowledge; the specific mathematical model is as follows:
Xi(t+1)=Xi(t)-A·|C·Xrandom-Xi(t)|+Localsearch()
wherein t is the current iteration number, XrandomFor random historical knowledge location, A. C. Xp(t)-Xi(t) | is the step length surrounded by hunting, A and C are the coefficients for controlling the surrounding step length respectively, and Localsearch () is the neighborhood knowledge parameter.
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Application publication date: 20200414