CN111008472B - Discrete element-based split basin stretching process simulation method - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011439 discrete element method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The application discloses a split basin stretching process simulation method based on discrete elements, which fully considers geological features of stratum in geological history period, provides a tough substrate construction method and establishes a discrete element model close to the split basin stretching process. During the simulation, a deposition or ablation process can be added, and the influence of the common geological phenomenon on the structural deformation of the region can be studied. The application does not need to set a pre-existing fault, so that the model has a particle structure similar to that of a real rock mass. The discrete element simulation is adopted to supplement and replace part of experiments, and the construction evolution process and construction deformation mechanism research method based on the discrete element simulation can obtain data which are not easy to measure by the experiments, so that the actual problem is solved by improving the existing theory, and theoretical support is provided for the oil gas exploration of the split basin.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of geologic structure deformation simulation research, and particularly relates to a split basin stretching process simulation method based on discrete elements.
Background
The split basin is formed under the tensile stress dynamics background, and the former performs a great deal of research on the formation evolution dynamics model of the split basin, so that the split basin is a current hot spot for oil and gas exploration at home and abroad. By means of experimental simulation, it is necessary to explore the evolution process of fault formation of the valley basin under different geological conditions. Moreover, studies have shown that basal lithology controls the structural development pattern in the rift basin. In physical modeling of construction, canvas is typically used to model rigid substrates and blankets transmit tensile stresses to model flexible substrates.
Previous simulation of the riffle basin mostly adopts a rigid substrate, but in nature, a tough substrate exists in the riffle basin, and the structural style of the riffle basin is obviously different from that of the riffle basin with the rigid substrate. Simulation studies are currently lacking for tough substrates in the rift basin.
The discrete element method regards the geologic body as a discrete unit, allows larger relative displacement among particles, can better simulate high deformation, is suitable for researching discontinuous mechanical behaviors of brittle deformation such as faults, fault related folds and the like appearing in a sediment stratum, and is an important method for researching a construction deformation process and a deformation mechanism.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a split basin extending process simulation method based on discrete elements, which realizes the discrete element simulation of the extending process of the split basin of a tough substrate, and can be used for simulating the fracture evolution process of the split basin in different substrates.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:
a split-valley basin stretching process simulation method based on discrete elements, comprising the following steps:
1) And (3) observing geology of the area to be analyzed, analyzing seismic data of the area, extracting stratum information of the area to be analyzed, and inverting a structural evolution process. And carrying out inversion analysis on the seismic analytic graph obtained by analysis to obtain a historical stratum distribution diagram before the valley basin begins to stretch, and finally obtaining the historical stratum distribution situation of the area to be analyzed.
2) Constructing a discrete element initial model according to the stratum distribution situation obtained in the step 1): the radius of the first particles is set to be 60m, the radius of the second particles is set to be 80m, the first particles and the second particles are randomly filled into a rectangular box-shaped model with a given size according to a certain proportion, so that the particles are piled up at the bottom of the rectangular box-shaped model under the action of gravity, and a first discrete element model is generated.
3) And obtaining the microscopic parameters of the granular materials of each stratum in the discrete element initial model through a series of biaxial compression experiment tests.
4) And (3) establishing a second discrete element model reflecting geological features of the region to be analyzed by giving the particle material properties of each stratum according to the stratum distribution condition obtained in the step 1) and the microscopic properties of the particle materials of each stratum obtained in the step 3). The second discrete meta-model comprises a base divided into three parts: first and second rigid substrates on both sides and a malleable substrate in the middle. And limiting the displacement and rotation of the particles on the rigid substrate, and limiting the displacement and rotation of the particles on the flexible substrate in the vertical direction, so that the particles of the flexible substrate can move freely in the horizontal direction. The bonding is generated between the tough substrate and the rigid substrate, the tensile strength and the shearing strength are 1e100 Pa, and the substrate is prevented from being bonded and broken.
The ductile substrate is composed of mutually overlapped particles, and an initial overlapping rate cratio= |ao|/(ra+ro), namely a ratio of a circle center distance (|ao|) to a balance distance (ra+ro), is defined. When cratio is less than or equal to 0.5, particle a bonds with particle B across particle O, and to avoid bonding across particles, a temporary radius scaling factor rext=r is defined tmp /r old . When the bond is generated, the particle radius is temporarily changed to r tmp =r old Rext. When cratio=0.4 and rext=0.4, with the temporary scaling radius, particle a just adheres to particle O, avoiding particle a from adhering to particle B.
5) And (3) carrying out iterative operation on the second discrete element model established in the step (4) by adopting a discrete element calculation method to finish the simulation of the basin stretching construction evolution process of the area to be analyzed: setting boundary conditions based on the discrete element model reflecting the geological features of the region to be analyzed obtained in the step 4), fixing the boundaries and the substrates at two sides, enabling the boundaries at two sides and the rigid substrate to be separated at a constant speed, namely setting displacement boundary conditions, and simulating the horizontal stretching effect in reality; and adding isomorphic depositions to simulate real geological events.
Further, the mesoscopic parameters of the particulate material include the following parameters: radius of particles, density of particles, shear modulus of particles, poisson's ratio of particles, coefficient of friction of particles, bonding parameters between particles, local damping coefficient.
Further, the bonding parameters between the particles were set as follows: the Young modulus of the shear modulus is 2.0e8Pa, the tensile strength is 0.0-4.0e7Pa, and the shear strength is 0.0-8.0e7Pa. The conditions for bonding were |AO| - (rA+rO). Ltoreq.tolearate, where tolearate takes 1e-6.
Further, the contact model of the granular material adopts a Hertz-Mindlin model, the radius of the granules is 60m and 80m, the density of the granules is 2500km/m 3, the shear modulus of the granules is 2.9e9Pa, the Poisson ratio is 0.2, and the local damping coefficient is 0.4. In the deposition phase, the particle friction coefficient was set to 0.0, and in the extension phase, the particle friction coefficient was set to 0.3.
The application discloses a split basin stretching process simulation method based on discrete elements, which fully considers the original geological characteristics of a stratum in a geological history period, provides a tough substrate construction method and establishes a discrete element model close to the geological history period; establishing an initial discrete meta-model by adopting a mode of randomly distributing particles with different sizes; at a certain stage, deposition and ablation events can be increased, and the influence of the common geological phenomenon on the structural deformation of the region is researched; the application does not need to set a pre-existing fault, adopts discrete particles to construct a model, and leads the model to have a particle structure similar to a real rock mass; the large-scale physical simulation experiment of the structure is usually costly and time-consuming, part of the experiment can be supplemented and replaced by adopting discrete element simulation, and the structure evolution process and structure deformation mechanism research method based on discrete element simulation can obtain data which are not easy to measure by the experiment, so that the actual problems of the prior theory solution are improved, such as the structure evolution process, the structure deformation mechanism, the stress strain distribution, the influence of the stress strain distribution on the reservoir property and the like, and theoretical support is provided for the oil gas exploration work of the split basin.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the initial folding rate in the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a temporary radius scaling factor definition of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a substrate generation process in one embodiment of the application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a rectangular box of random packing of particles to a given size in one embodiment of the application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a two-phase isomorphic deposition layer of a discrete meta-model during stretching in accordance with one embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The application provides a split basin stretching process simulation method based on discrete elements, which is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "bottom", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and "first", "second", etc. do not indicate the importance of the components, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present application. The specific dimensions used in this example are for illustration of the technical solution only and do not limit the scope of protection of the present application.
A split-valley basin stretching process simulation method based on discrete elements, comprising the following steps:
1) And (3) observing geology of the area to be analyzed, analyzing seismic data of the area, extracting stratum information of the area to be analyzed, and inverting a structural evolution process. And carrying out inversion analysis on the seismic analytic graph obtained by analysis to obtain a historical stratum distribution diagram before the valley basin begins to stretch, and finally obtaining the historical stratum distribution situation of the area to be analyzed.
2) Constructing a discrete element initial model according to the stratum distribution situation obtained in the step 1): setting the radius of the first particles to be 60m, setting the radius of the second particles to be 80m, and randomly filling the first particles and the second particles into a rectangular box-shaped model with a given size according to a certain proportion, wherein the proportion can be set to be 1 according to actual observation requirements: 1. 2: 1. 3:1 are stacked at the bottom of the rectangular box-shaped model under the action of gravity to generate a first discrete element model as shown in figure 4.
3) And obtaining the microscopic parameters of the granular materials of each stratum in the discrete element initial model through a series of biaxial compression experiment tests, and simulating the rock deformation of the actual stratum. The mesoscopic parameters of the particulate material include the following parameters: radius of the particles, density of the particles, shear modulus of the particles, poisson's ratio of the particles, coefficient of friction of the particles, inter-particle sticking parameters, etc.
The bonding parameters between the particles were set as follows: the Young modulus of the shear modulus is 2.0e8Pa, the tensile strength is 0.0-4.0e7Pa, and the shear strength is 0.0-8.0e7Pa. The conditions for bonding were |AO| - (rA+rO). Ltoreq.tolearate, where tolearate takes 1e-6.
The contact model of the granular material adopts a Hertz-Mindlin model, the radius of the granules is 60m and 80m, and the density of the granules is 2500km/m 3 The elastic modulus of the particles was 2.9e9Pa, the Poisson's ratio was 0.2, and the local damping coefficient was 0.4. In the deposition phase, the particle friction coefficient was set to 0.0, and in the extension phase, the particle friction coefficient was set to 0.3.
4) And (3) establishing a second discrete element model reflecting geological features of the region to be analyzed by giving the particle material properties of each stratum according to the stratum distribution condition obtained in the step 1) and the microscopic properties of the particle materials of each stratum obtained in the step 3). As shown in fig. 3, the second discrete meta-model includes a base, two sides of which are a left wall and a right wall, respectively, and the base is divided into three parts: left and right rigid substrates on both sides and a ductile substrate in the middle. The rigid substrate is limited in displacement and rotation of the particles, and the flexible substrate is limited in displacement and rotation of the particles in the vertical direction, so that the particles of the flexible substrate can move freely in the horizontal direction. The bonding is generated between the tough substrate and the rigid substrate, the tensile strength and the shearing strength are 1e100 Pa, and the substrate is prevented from being bonded and broken. In this embodiment, the ductile substrate is composed of particles superimposed on each other, and an initial superposition ratio cratio= |ao|/(ra+ro), that is, a ratio of a center distance (|ao|) to a balance distance (ra+ro), is defined. The general initial lamination rate range is set to 0.0-1.0, and the radius scaling factor is the same as the initial lamination rate. When cratio is less than or equal to 0.5, as shown in FIG. 1, particle A bonds with particle B across particle O, and as shown in FIG. 2, to avoid bonding across particles, a temporary radius scaling factor rext = r is defined tmp /r old . When the bond is generated, the particle radius is temporarily changed to r tmp =r old Rext. When cratio=0.4 and rext=0.4, with the temporary scaling radius, particle a just adheres to particle O, avoiding particle a from adhering to particle B.
5) And (3) carrying out iterative operation on the second discrete element model established in the step (4) by adopting a discrete element calculation method to finish the simulation of the basin stretching construction evolution process of the area to be analyzed: setting boundary conditions based on the discrete element model reflecting the geological features of the region to be analyzed obtained in the step 4), fixing the boundaries and the substrates at two sides, enabling the boundaries at two sides and the rigid substrate to be separated at a constant speed, namely setting displacement boundary conditions, and simulating the horizontal stretching effect in reality; adding a homogeneous formation deposit simulates a real geological event, as shown in fig. 5. A typical simulation is shown in fig. 5. Specifically, a horizontal velocity was applied to the left and right rigid substrates and the left and right side walls, which were-2.0 m/s and 2.0 m/s.
Based on the description of the preferred embodiments of the present application, it should be clear that the application defined by the appended claims is not limited to the specific details set forth in the above description, but that many apparent variations of the application are possible without departing from the spirit or scope thereof.
Claims (4)
1. A split-valley basin stretching process simulation method based on discrete elements, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Extracting stratum information of the area to be analyzed by observing geology of the area to be analyzed and analyzing seismic data of the area to be analyzed, and inverting a structure evolution process; inversion analysis is carried out on the seismic analytic graph obtained by analysis to obtain a historical stratum distribution diagram before the valley basin begins to stretch, and finally the historical stratum distribution situation before the stretching of the area to be analyzed is obtained;
2) Constructing a discrete element initial model according to the stratum distribution situation obtained in the step 1): setting the radius of the first type of particles to be 60m, setting the radius of the second type of particles to be 80m, randomly filling the first type of particles and the second type of particles into a rectangular box-shaped model with a given size according to a certain proportion, and accumulating the first type of particles and the second type of particles in the rectangular box-shaped model under the action of gravity to generate a first discrete element model;
3) Calibrating the microscopic parameters of the granular materials of each stratum in the discrete element initial model through a series of biaxial compression experiment tests;
4) Establishing a second discrete element model reflecting geological features of the region to be analyzed by giving the particle material properties of each stratum according to the stratum distribution situation obtained in the step 1) and the microscopic properties of the particle materials of each stratum obtained in the step 3); the second discrete meta-model comprises a base divided into three parts: a first rigid substrate and a second rigid substrate on both sides and a ductile substrate in the middle; limiting the displacement and angular velocity of the particles on the rigid substrate, and limiting the displacement of the particles in the vertical direction on the ductile substrate, so that the particles of the ductile substrate can move freely in the horizontal direction; the flexible substrate and the rigid substrate are bonded;
the toughness substrate consists of mutually overlapped particles, and an initial overlapping rate cratio= |AO|/(rA+rO), namely the ratio of a circle center distance |AO| to a balance distance rA+rO is defined; when cratio is less than or equal to 0.5, particle a bonds with particle B across particle O, and to avoid bonding across particles, a temporary radius scaling factor rext=r is defined tmp /r old The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the bond is generated, the particle radius is temporarily changed to r tmp ＝r old Rext; when cratio=0.4 and rext=0.4, after the temporary scaling radius is adopted, the particle A just generates bonding with the particle O, so that the particle A and the particle B are prevented from generating bonding;
5) And (3) carrying out iterative operation on the second discrete element model established in the step (4) by adopting a discrete element calculation method to finish the simulation of the basin stretching construction evolution process of the area to be analyzed: setting boundary conditions based on the discrete element model reflecting the geological features of the region to be analyzed obtained in the step 4), fixing the boundaries and the substrates at two sides, enabling the boundaries at two sides and the rigid substrate to be separated at a constant speed, namely setting displacement boundary conditions, and simulating the horizontal stretching effect in reality; and adding isomorphic depositions to simulate real geological events.
2. The discrete element-based split-basin stretching process simulation method according to claim 1, wherein the microscopic properties of the particulate material comprise the following parameters: radius of particles, density of particles, shear modulus of particles, poisson's ratio of particles, coefficient of friction of particles, bonding parameters between particles, local damping coefficient.
3. The discrete element-based split-basin stretching process simulation method according to claim 2, wherein the bonding parameters among the particles are set as follows: the Young modulus of the shear modulus is 2.0e8Pa, the tensile strength is 0.0-4.0e7Pa, and the shear strength is 0.0-8.0e7Pa; the conditions for bonding were |AO| - (rA+rO). Ltoreq.tolearate, where tolearate takes 1e-6.
4. The discrete element-based split-valley extension process simulation method according to claim 2, wherein a Hertz-Mindlin model is adopted as the contact model of the granular material, and the density of the granules is 2500km/m 3 The shear modulus of the particles is 2.9e9Pa, the Poisson ratio is 0.2, and the local damping coefficient is 0.4; in the deposition phase, the particle friction coefficient was set to 0.0, and in the extension phase, the particle friction coefficient was set to 0.3.
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