CN111008418A - Building group energy dissipation and impact prevention optimization design method based on combination of numerical simulation and physical model test - Google Patents
Building group energy dissipation and impact prevention optimization design method based on combination of numerical simulation and physical model test Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a building group energy dissipation and scour prevention optimization design method based on combination of numerical simulation and physical model test, which identifies weak positions of a building by simulating dynamic characteristics of surrounding flow fields of the building and the upstream side of the building under different situations, thereby optimizing the design of the building by adopting targeted measures; through the arrangement mode of the building group, the stress characteristics of the buildings under the action of flood impact are calculated, so that the design of the building group is optimized, and the safety performance of more buildings under the action of flood impact is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of building design tests, and relates to a building group energy dissipation and scour prevention optimization design method based on combination of numerical simulation and physical model tests.
Background
The flood disaster effect is reflected by the loss of life and property of people caused by submerging or destroying buildings. The impact of flood is the main driving factor for house collapse in flood. During the impact, a short but extremely strong impact pressure is present just before the wave crest touches the structure flow surface, and this extremely strong impact load can cause the destabilization of the building or cause local damage. Experience shows that building safety is not damaged, which improves the efficiency of post-disaster reconstruction work by 30% and reduces the personnel and property loss by 60%. Therefore, aiming at the characteristics of the flood impact action, the dynamic response and damage process analysis of the building under the flood impact action is carried out, the impact damage mechanism and the characteristics of the residential building under the flood impact action are disclosed, the vitality of the residential building subjected to the flood impact action is evaluated, and the method is of great importance for improving the flood control safety of the residential building in the flood outburst area.
Currently, the response of buildings to flood impacts is becoming more and more sophisticated. The impact load damages the positive direction of the building and mainly takes impact as the main characteristic, and the characteristics of wave-like change, shielding effect and the like are presented along the flow direction. The method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of carrying out model tests by people such as shoovingy, university and the like to research flood with different magnitudes on houses with different opening rates, describing the impact pressure characteristic of flood impact on a building structure, analyzing the relation among impact load, water flow load and hydrostatic pressure, discussing the change rules of water flow load, bending moment and resultant force of models with different water heads and different opening rates, and reproducing the structural damage process by utilizing numerical simulation, thereby providing technical guidance for the flood control and disaster reduction design of rural buildings. Sun et al set up model experiments to study the damage form of small scale brick-concrete residential buildings under the action of flood impact, and design guidance for improving the safety and stability of the buildings. Hu and the like take the impact load transient effect into consideration, establish a numerical model and carry out physical tests to study the interaction between dam-break flood and the structure in a flow field, and show that when high-speed water flow violently impacts the surface of a building, strong impact force causes local parts of the building to be extremely easy to damage. However, research on the reduction effect of flood water by different arrangements of building groups is still in the blank. When the mountain torrents burst, the arrangement mode difference of building can make the front-row building resist flood impact and consume the energy, provides the protection barrier for the building in back to the safety of maximize protection building crowd.
The method adopts a mode of combining numerical simulation and physical model test to research the response of a single building and a building group under the action of flood impact. Through an impact test of flood to a single building, the magnitude and the distribution rule of the impact force of the flood to the building and the magnitude and the distribution rule of the water flow pressure borne by the surface of the house after the impact are researched. And meanwhile, a typical observation point is selected to measure the changes of the physical quantities of the flow field such as water depth, flow velocity, pressure intensity and the like in the flood impact process. The impact test of the building group aims at researching the resistance effect of different arrangement modes of buildings on flood and protecting the safety of the buildings to the maximum extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a building group energy dissipation and impact prevention optimization design method based on the combination of numerical simulation and physical model test, which can identify weak positions of buildings so as to adopt targeted measures to optimize the building design; the safety performance of more buildings under the action of flood impact is ensured.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a building group energy dissipation and scour prevention optimal design method based on combination of numerical simulation and physical model test is characterized by comprising the following steps: the design method comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out physical model experiment operation;
s2, numerical simulation;
the physical model experiment operation in the step S1 includes:
s11, manufacturing a water tank and organic glass house test model: the size of the water tank is 14m multiplied by 1.5m, the gradient is 1%, wherein the first section of the water tank with the size of 5m multiplied by 1.5m is used as an upstream reservoir and is separated from the downstream by a gate, the rest part of the water tank simulates a residential area, and house models are respectively installed at the positions 3m, 5m and 7m away from the gate. According to the model similarity theory, taking a typical village and town building as a house prototype (4.5m multiplied by 4.2m multiplied by 3m), and manufacturing an organic glass house model according to a model geometric scale of 1/6;
s12, arranging instruments: the impact pressure measurement adopts a DS-30 type data acquisition system, the measuring ranges of the pressure sensors are 30kPa and 10kPa, the natural frequency is 500Hz, the sampling interval is 0.023s, and 30 pressure sensors are adopted for measurement, wherein 10 pressure sensors 30kPa and 20 pressure sensors 10kPa are arranged on the incident flow surface of the house model to capture the time course change of the impact pressure; at the start of the experiment, the gate was rapidly flipped open in the flow direction controlled by gravity, and the impact process was photographed from the side using a high speed digital camera capable of acquiring 100 frames of images per second at a resolution of 1280 x 720. Measuring flow field information near a building by using a flow velocity meter, and ensuring the measurement precision of the impact load by adopting repeated tests;
s13, model test development: and closing the gate, storing the water depth of the first section of the water tank to 0.6m, 0.9m and 1.2m respectively, immediately opening a gate control switch after the water level is stable, quickly turning over the bottom of the gate under the lifting of gravity, quickly impacting the house model by water flow, and simultaneously capturing and recording flow field data by each measuring device. Tail water flows into the water storage pool again through the channel;
the numerical simulation step in the step S2 includes:
s21, adopting three groups of test schemes for numerical simulation
The first scheme is as follows: the cross shaft of the building is arranged in a vertical way with the incoming flow direction, 3 house models are arranged at positions 3m, 5m and 7m away from a gate at the same time, impact mechanical characteristics of a water flow direct impact building acting on the building and the protection effect of the building on a subsequent building are discussed, 3 groups of comparison tests are respectively set, the house models are independently arranged at positions 3m, 5m and 7m away from the gate, and deformation characteristics of the building under the flood impact effect of the same magnitude are verified under the protection effect of the buildings without front rows;
scheme II: the horizontal axis of the building is arranged in parallel with the incoming flow direction, 3 groups of contrast tests are also arranged, and the shielding effect of the front-row building on the rear-row building under different water head impacts is researched;
the third scheme is as follows: the influence of the arrangement mode of the building group on the water flow impact mechanical property is realized by adopting two typical arrangement modes, and the blocking effect of the arrangement mode of the building on the water flow is researched from physical and mechanical characteristics, so that a reference is provided for optimizing the arrangement mode of the buildings at the downstream of the dam, improving the response to flood impact and maximally ensuring the safety of the building;
s22 construction of flood impact numerical model
The Reynolds average Navier-Stokes equation and the RNG k-epsilon turbulence model are used for solving the dam-passing water flow motion and turbulence condition, and the continuous equation is as follows:
wherein ui represents the average velocity, xi is the dimension, t is the time, p is the pressure, ρ is the fluid density, gi is the gravitational acceleration component, v is the molecular kinematic viscosity, vt is the vortex kinematic viscosity;
the Reynolds average Navier-Stokes equation is a control equation of flow field average variables, the flow field variables are assumed to be composed of a time average quantity and a pulsating quantity, and turbulence calculation is concluded to calculation of a proportional coefficient between Reynolds stress and strain (namely a turbulence viscosity coefficient) by introducing Boussinesq assumption that turbulent Reynolds stress is in direct proportion to strain. The turbulence vortex viscosity is calculated by the turbulence kinetic energy k and the turbulence dissipation rate epsilon in the following form:
c is a constant, the equation cannot be closed due to the fact that Reynolds stress is introduced after homogenization in a flow field, namely the number of unknowns is more than the number of the equation, various turbulence models are generated according to the equation, RNG k-epsilon and model represent turbulence intensity by means of corrected turbulence dispersion, and transport equations of k and epsilon are as follows:
wherein R isεFor the shear performance of turbulent flow, G is the velocity of turbulent kinetic energy, and the coefficients in the model take the following values:
Cμ＝0.085，Cε1＝1.42，Cε2＝1.68，σk＝σε0.7194, β, 0.012, η, 4.38, which are obtained by data fusion using a large amount of statistical data, and are widely applied to turbulence characteristics;
the VOF (volume of fluid) method is used to solve for free surface motion, and the tracking of gas and liquid free surfaces is solved by a continuous equation of the form:
any finite control volume is filled with gas or liquid or a mixture of both, depending on the volume fraction α of liquidwThe volume fraction within a given control volume is a fixed value;
the time step is determined according to the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition, and the CFL condition in the three-dimensional model has the following form:
wherein C is a dimensionless constant, the value of the dimensionless constant depends on a specific equation required to be solved, a display time advancing format is adopted, and the value of C is set to be 1;
s23 structural deformation solving
S231, solid phase control equation
Conservation of the solid fraction can be based on newton's second law:
the equilibrium equation:
the geometric equation is as follows:
physical equation: sigmaij＝λσijεkk+2μεil
Wherein, ki is dynamic pressure load component, m/s 2; epsilonijIs Cauchy strain constant, s-1; lambda and mu are respectively the Lame constant of the carbon steel bent pipe; e is the modulus of elasticity of the protective film in kg m-1s-2, v is the poisson's ratio;
s232, fluid-solid coupling control equation
The fluid-solid coupling interface should satisfy the displacement, stress, temperature, etc. of fluid and solid, and also should follow the corresponding basic conservation law, and at the fluid-solid coupling interface, should satisfy the conservation of variables such as stress, displacement, temperature, heat flow, etc. of fluid and solid, that is, satisfy the following 4 control equations:
τf·nf＝τs·ns
df＝ds
Tf＝Ts
qf＝qs
wherein the subscript f denotes fluid, the subscript s denotes solid, τ denotes solid stress, d denotes displacement, T denotes temperature, q denotes heat flow
In addition, in the S1 physical model experiment operation step, the organic glass house model in the step S11 is a single-compartment building, so that the flood impact time course and the power condition of the impact process can be accurately captured.
In the S1 physical model experiment operation step, the water tank bottom slope in step S11 is 1%, and the impact effect of the dam-bursting flood is simulated.
In the operation step of the physical model experiment of S1, the opening speed of the gate in the step S11 is controlled by the counterweight, so that the gate can be instantly opened, the process that a large amount of flood instantly gushes out to impact the house after the dam break flood is fully simulated, and the consistency of the model experiment and the actual situation is ensured.
Furthermore, the S2 numerical simulation step the control test and the physical model test in the step S21 are set up to be the same for verifying the accuracy of the numerical simulation.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method, the weak positions of the building are identified by simulating the dynamic characteristics of the surrounding flow field of the building and the upstream side of the building under different situations, so that the design of the building is optimized by taking targeted measures; through the arrangement mode of the building group, the stress characteristics of the buildings under the action of flood impact are calculated, so that the design of the building group is optimized, and the safety performance of more buildings under the action of flood impact is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a numerical flume simulation setup;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a building group arrangement simulation scenario;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a house structure model;
FIG. 4 is a head-on pressure sensor layout;
FIG. 5 is a time-varying graph of pressure intensity at different measuring points on the upstream side of a house 3m from a gate (a: 1.2m head; b: 0.9m head; c: 0.6m head);
fig. 6 is a structural deformation diagram under the action of water flow impact.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, not limiting and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
A building group energy dissipation and scour prevention optimal design method based on combination of numerical simulation and physical model test is characterized by comprising the following steps: the design method comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out physical model experiment operation;
the physical model experiment operation in the step S1 includes:
s11, manufacturing a water tank and organic glass house test model: the size of the water tank is 14m multiplied by 1.5m, the gradient is 1%, wherein the first section of the water tank with the size of 5m multiplied by 1.5m is used as an upstream reservoir and is separated from the downstream by a gate, the rest part of the water tank simulates a residential area, and house models are respectively installed at the positions 3m, 5m and 7m away from the gate. According to the model similarity theory, taking a typical village and town building as a house prototype (4.5m multiplied by 4.2m multiplied by 3m), and manufacturing an organic glass house model according to a model geometric scale of 1/6; the size of a single-compartment house is 0.74m multiplied by 0.69m multiplied by 0.52m, a house model is shown in figure 3, a physical model test scheme is set up as a comparison test shown in figure 1, and the invention only carries out a model test on a single building in a flow field. The main scale relationship between the physical model and the prototype is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 main scale relationship between model and prototype
S12, arranging instruments: the impact pressure measurement adopts a DS-30 type data acquisition system, the measuring ranges of the pressure sensors are 30kPa and 10kPa, the natural frequency is 500Hz, the sampling interval is 0.023s, and 30 pressure sensors are adopted for measurement, wherein 10 pressure sensors 30kPa and 20 pressure sensors 10kPa are arranged on the incident flow surface of the house model to capture the time course change of the impact pressure; at the start of the experiment, the gate was rapidly flipped open in the flow direction controlled by gravity, and the impact process was photographed from the side using a high speed digital camera capable of acquiring 100 frames of images per second at a resolution of 1280 x 720. Measuring flow field information near a building by using a flow velocity meter, and ensuring the measurement precision of the impact load by adopting repeated tests;
s13, model test development: and closing the gate, storing the water depth of the first section of the water tank to 0.6m, 0.9m and 1.2m respectively, immediately opening a gate control switch after the water level is stable, quickly turning over the bottom of the gate under the lifting of gravity, quickly impacting the house model by water flow, and simultaneously capturing and recording flow field data by each measuring device. Tail water flows into the water storage pool again through the channel;
the numerical simulation step in the step S2 includes:
s21, adopting three groups of test schemes for numerical simulation
The first scheme is as follows: the cross shaft of the building is arranged in a vertical way with the incoming flow direction, 3 house models are arranged at positions 3m, 5m and 7m away from a gate at the same time, impact mechanical characteristics of a water flow direct impact building acting on the building and the protection effect of the building on a subsequent building are discussed, 3 groups of comparison tests are respectively set, the house models are independently arranged at positions 3m, 5m and 7m away from the gate, and deformation characteristics of the building under the flood impact effect of the same magnitude are verified under the protection effect of the buildings without front rows;
scheme II: the horizontal axis of the building is arranged in parallel with the incoming flow direction, 3 groups of contrast tests are also arranged, and the shielding effect of the front-row building on the rear-row building under different water head impacts is researched;
the third scheme is as follows: the influence of the arrangement mode of the building group on the water flow impact mechanical property is realized by adopting two typical arrangement modes, and the blocking effect of the arrangement mode of the building on the water flow is researched from physical mechanical characteristics, so that a reference is provided for optimizing the arrangement mode of the buildings at the downstream of the dam, improving the response to flood impact and maximally guaranteeing the safety of the building.
In addition, in the S1 physical model experiment operation step, the organic glass house model in the step S11 is a single-compartment building, so that the flood impact time course and the power condition of the impact process can be accurately captured.
In the S1 physical model experiment operation step, the water tank bottom slope in step S11 is 1%, and the impact effect of the dam-bursting flood is simulated.
In the operation step of the physical model experiment of S1, the opening speed of the gate in the step S11 is controlled by the counterweight, so that the gate can be instantly opened, the process that a large amount of flood instantly gushes out to impact the house after the dam break flood is fully simulated, and the consistency of the model experiment and the actual situation is ensured.
Furthermore, the S2 numerical simulation step the control test and the physical model test in the step S21 are set up to be the same for verifying the accuracy of the numerical simulation.
S22 construction of flood impact numerical model
The Reynolds average Navier-Stokes equation and the RNG k-epsilon turbulence model are used for solving the dam-passing water flow motion and turbulence condition, and the continuous equation is as follows:
wherein ui represents the average velocity, xi is the dimension, t is the time, p is the pressure, ρ is the fluid density, gi is the gravitational acceleration component, v is the molecular kinematic viscosity, and vt is the vortex kinematic viscosity.
The Reynolds average Navier-Stokes equation is a control equation of flow field average variables, the flow field variables are assumed to be composed of a time average quantity and a pulsating quantity, and turbulence calculation is concluded to calculation of a proportional coefficient between Reynolds stress and strain (namely a turbulence viscosity coefficient) by introducing Boussinesq assumption that turbulent Reynolds stress is in direct proportion to strain. The turbulence vortex viscosity is calculated by the turbulence kinetic energy k and the turbulence dissipation rate epsilon in the following form:
c is a constant, the equation cannot be closed due to the fact that Reynolds stress is introduced after homogenization in a flow field, namely the number of unknowns is more than the number of the equation, various turbulence models are generated according to the equation, RNG k-epsilon and model represent turbulence intensity by means of corrected turbulence dispersion, and transport equations of k and epsilon are as follows:
wherein R isεFor the shear performance of turbulent flow, G is the velocity of turbulent kinetic energy, and the coefficients in the model take the following values:
Cu＝0.085，Cε1＝1.42，Cε2＝1.68，σk＝σε0.7194, β, 0.012, η, 4.38, these coefficients are obtained by data fusion using a large amount of statistical data, and are widely applicable to turbulent flow characteristics.
The VOF (volume of fluid) method is used to solve for free surface motion. The tracking of the gas and liquid free surfaces is solved by a continuous equation of the form:
any finite control volume is filled with gas or liquid or a mixture of both, depending on the volume fraction α of liquidwThe volume fraction within a given control volume is a fixed value. Once the liquid volume fraction is determined, the volume fraction of air can be determined, with the free surface at a position where both volume fractions are 0.5.
Based on the solution of the control equation, dam flood discharge and flood routing numerical simulation can be smoothly carried out, and numerical dispersion is carried out on the control equation by adopting a finite volume method. In each control volume, the calculation is carried out according to the volume average of the variables, the one-by-one solution including the pressure, the volume fraction, the density, the viscosity, the turbulence energy and the turbulence dissipation rate is one-by-one solved, the surface flux, the surface stress and the volume force on the control body are solved by a conservation equation, and the surface flux, the surface stress and the volume force on the control body are also gradually solved. The time step is determined according to the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition, and the CFL condition in the three-dimensional model has the following form:
wherein C is a dimensionless constant, the value of which depends on a specific equation requiring solution, a display time advancing format is adopted, and the value of C is set to be 1.
S23 structural deformation solving
S231, solid phase control equation
Conservation of the solid fraction can be based on newton's second law:
the equilibrium equation:
the geometric equation is as follows:
physical equation: sigmaij＝λσijεkk+2μεij
Wherein, ki is dynamic pressure load component, m/s 2; epsilonijIs Cauchy strain constant, s-1; lambda and mu are respectively the Lame constant of the carbon steel bent pipe; e is the modulus of elasticity of the protective film in kg m-1s-2, v is the poisson's ratio;
s232, fluid-solid coupling control equation
The fluid-solid coupling interface should satisfy the displacement, stress, temperature, etc. of fluid and solid, and also should follow the corresponding basic conservation law, and at the fluid-solid coupling interface, should satisfy the conservation of variables such as stress, displacement, temperature, heat flow, etc. of fluid and solid, that is, satisfy the following 4 control equations:
τf·nf＝τs·ns
df＝ds
Tf＝Ts
qf＝qs
where the subscript f denotes fluid, the subscript s denotes solid, τ denotes solid stress, d denotes displacement, T denotes temperature, and q denotes heat flow.
Fig. 5 shows the pressure of the incident flow surface of the house at the position 3m away from the gate with time change curves under different water head impacts. The force on the surface of the building is obtained by integrating the pressure intensity of the building, and further the deformation of the building is obtained.
Figure 6 shows the deformation characteristics of buildings under the impact of a 1.2m water head. Generally, the closer to the break opening, the larger the impact force borne by the building, the largest the impact pressure borne by the bottom of the building on the incident flow surface, and the smaller the impact pressure borne by the top, the more easily destabilized and deformed. The deformation characteristics of the building groups fully demonstrate the different capacities of different arrangement modes to cope with flood impact. The front row of buildings can cut a large amount of energy, thereby protecting the rear row of buildings. In a flood prone area, by constructing the guide walls, the design mode value for reducing flood impact effect to protect the safety of a building group is recommended. The diversion wall bears a large amount of energy, changes the flood direction and reduces the influence of the flood on residential areas.
Although the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings are disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions, changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, and therefore the scope of the invention is not limited to the disclosure of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Claims (5)
1. A building group energy dissipation and scour prevention optimal design method based on combination of numerical simulation and physical model test is characterized by comprising the following steps: the design method comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out physical model experiment operation;
s2, numerical simulation;
the physical model experiment operation in the step S1 includes:
s11, manufacturing a water tank and organic glass house test model: the size of the water tank is 14m multiplied by 1.5m, the gradient is 1%, wherein the first section of the water tank with the size of 5m multiplied by 1.5m is used as an upstream reservoir and is separated from the downstream by a gate, the rest part of the water tank simulates a residential area, and house models are respectively installed at the positions 3m, 5m and 7m away from the gate. According to the model similarity theory, taking a typical village and town building as a house prototype (4.5m multiplied by 4.2m multiplied by 3m), and manufacturing an organic glass house model according to a model geometric scale of 1/6;
s12, arranging instruments: the impact pressure measurement adopts a DS-30 type data acquisition system, the measuring ranges of the pressure sensors are 30kPa and 10kPa, the natural frequency is 500Hz, the sampling interval is 0.023s, and 30 pressure sensors are adopted for measurement, wherein 10 pressure sensors 30kPa and 20 pressure sensors 10kPa are arranged on the incident flow surface of the house model to capture the time course change of the impact pressure; at the start of the experiment, the gate was rapidly turned open in the flow direction by gravity control, and the impact process was photographed from the side using a high speed digital camera capable of acquiring 100 frames of images per second at a resolution of 1280 × 720. Measuring flow field information near a building by using a current meter, and ensuring the measurement precision of the impact load by adopting repeated tests;
s13, model test development: and closing the gate, storing the water at the first section of the water tank to the water depth of 0.6m, 0.9m and 1.2m respectively, immediately opening a gate control switch after the water level is stable, quickly overturning the bottom of the gate under the lifting of gravity, quickly impacting the house model by water flow, and simultaneously capturing and recording flow field data by each measuring device. The tail water flows into the reservoir again through the channel;
the numerical simulation step in the step S2 includes:
s21, adopting three groups of test schemes for numerical simulation
The first scheme is as follows: the cross shaft of the building is arranged in a vertical way with the incoming flow direction, 3 house models are simultaneously arranged at positions 3m, 5m and 7m away from a gate, the impact mechanical characteristics of the water flow direct impact building acting on the building and the protection effect of the water flow direct impact building on a subsequent building are discussed, 3 groups of comparison tests are respectively set, the house models are independently arranged at positions 3m, 5m and 7m away from the gate, and the deformation characteristics of the building under the flood impact effect of the same magnitude are verified to be independently borne under the protection effect of the front row of buildings;
scheme II: the horizontal axis of the building is arranged in parallel with the incoming flow direction, 3 groups of contrast tests are also arranged, and the shielding effect of the front-row building on the rear-row building under different water head impacts is researched;
the third scheme is as follows: the influence of the arrangement mode of the building group on the water flow impact mechanical property is realized by adopting two typical arrangement modes, and the blocking effect of the arrangement mode of the building on the water flow is researched from physical and mechanical characteristics, so that a reference is provided for optimizing the arrangement mode of the buildings at the downstream of the dam, improving the response to flood impact and maximally ensuring the safety of the building;
s22 construction of flood impact numerical model
The Reynolds average Navier-Stokes equation and the RNG k-epsilon turbulence model are used for solving the dam-passing water flow motion and turbulence condition, and the continuous equation is as follows:
wherein ui represents the average velocity, xi is the dimension, t is the time, p is the pressure, ρ is the fluid density, gi is the gravitational acceleration component, v is the molecular kinematic viscosity, vt is the vortex kinematic viscosity;
the Reynolds average Navier-Stokes equation is a control equation of flow field average variables, the flow field variables are assumed to be composed of a time average quantity and a pulsating quantity, and turbulence calculation is concluded to calculation of a proportional coefficient between Reynolds stress and strain (namely a turbulence viscosity coefficient) by introducing Boussinesq assumption that the turbulence Reynolds stress is in direct proportion to the strain. The turbulence vortex viscosity adopted in the chapter is calculated through turbulence kinetic energy k and turbulence dissipation rate epsilon in the following form:
c is a constant, the equation cannot be closed due to the fact that Reynolds stress is introduced after homogenization in a flow field, namely unknown numbers are more than the equation number, various turbulence models are generated according to the equation, RNG k-epsilon and model represent turbulence intensity by means of a corrected turbulence dissipation ratio, and the transport equations of k and epsilon are as follows:
wherein R isεFor the shear performance of turbulent flow, G is the velocity of turbulent kinetic energy, and the coefficients in the model take the following values:
Cμ＝0.085，Cε1＝1.42，Cε2＝1.68，σk＝σε0.7194, β, 0.012, η, 4.38, which are obtained by data fusion using a large amount of statistical data, and are widely applied to turbulence characteristics;
the VOF (volume of fluid) method is used to solve for free surface motion, and the tracking of gas and liquid free surfaces is solved by a continuous equation of the form:
any finite control volume is filled with gas or liquid or a mixture of both, depending on the volume fraction α of liquidwThe volume fraction within a given control volume is a fixed value;
the time step is determined according to the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition, and the CFL condition in the three-dimensional model has the following form:
wherein C is a dimensionless constant, the value of the dimensionless constant depends on a specific equation required to be solved, a display time advancing format is adopted, and the value of C is set to be 1;
s23 structural deformation solving
S231, solid phase control equation
Conservation of the solid fraction can be based on newton's second law:
the equilibrium equation:
the geometric equation is as follows:
physical equation: sigmaij＝λσijεkk+2μεij
Wherein, ki is dynamic pressure load component, m/s 2; epsilonijIs Cauchy strain constant, s-1; lambda and mu are respectively the Lame constant of the carbon steel bent pipe; e is the modulus of elasticity of the protective film in kg m-1 s-2, v is the poisson's ratio;
s232, fluid-solid coupling control equation
The fluid-solid coupling interface should satisfy the displacement, stress, temperature, etc. of fluid and solid, and also should follow the corresponding basic conservation law, and at the fluid-solid coupling interface, should satisfy the conservation of variables such as stress, displacement, temperature, heat flow, etc. of fluid and solid, that is, satisfy the following 4 control equations:
τf·nf＝τs·ns
df＝ds
Tf＝Ts
qf＝qs
where the subscript f denotes fluid, the subscript s denotes solid, τ denotes solid stress, d denotes displacement, T denotes temperature, and q denotes heat flow.
2. The energy dissipation and impact prevention optimization design method for the building group based on the combination of the numerical simulation and the physical model test is characterized in that: in the S1 physical model experiment operation step, the organic glass house model in the step S11 is a single-compartment building, so that the flood impact time course and the power condition of the impact process can be accurately captured.
3. The energy dissipation and impact prevention optimization design method for the building group based on the combination of the numerical simulation and the physical model test is characterized in that: and in the S1 physical model experiment operation step, the water tank bottom slope in the step S11 is 1%, and the impact effect of dam break flood is simulated.
4. The energy dissipation and impact prevention optimization design method for the building group based on the combination of the numerical simulation and the physical model test is characterized in that: and in the S1 physical model experiment operation step, the opening speed of the gate in the step S11 is controlled through a counterweight, so that the gate can be instantly opened, the process that a large amount of flood instantly gushes out to impact a house after dam break flood is fully simulated, and the consistency of a model experiment and the actual situation is ensured.
5. The energy dissipation and impact prevention optimization design method for the building group based on the combination of the numerical simulation and the physical model test is characterized in that: the S2 numerical simulation step the control test and the physical model test in the step S21 are set up to be the same for verifying the accuracy of the numerical simulation.
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| CN117874903A (en) * | 2024-03-13 | 2024-04-12 | 江苏省建筑工程质量检测中心有限公司 | Engineering quality assessment diagnosis method and system integrating Internet of things and artificial intelligence |
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