CN111007775A - Agricultural product storage environment ventilation control system - Google Patents
Agricultural product storage environment ventilation control system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111007775A CN111007775A CN201911330180.9A CN201911330180A CN111007775A CN 111007775 A CN111007775 A CN 111007775A CN 201911330180 A CN201911330180 A CN 201911330180A CN 111007775 A CN111007775 A CN 111007775A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
- G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
- G05B19/0423—Input/output
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/20—Pc systems
- G05B2219/25—Pc structure of the system
- G05B2219/25257—Microcontroller
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides an agricultural product storage environment ventilation control system, which comprises: the system comprises a solar power management device, a commercial power and solar switching device, a storage environment data acquisition device, a communication device and a ventilation equipment control device; the solar power supply management device is electrically connected with the environmental data acquisition device, the communication device and the ventilation control device respectively; the communication device is respectively and electrically connected with the environmental data acquisition device and the ventilation control device; the solar power supply management device is used for realizing seamless switching between a solar power supply module and mains supply access according to the solar power storage module and the mains supply and supplying power to the environment data acquisition device, the communication device and the ventilation control device; during the storage period of the agricultural products, the ventilation equipment is adjusted to operate, so that the labor intensity of storage facility management personnel is reduced, the management cost is saved, and the utilization rate of the storage facility is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural product storage, in particular to a ventilation control system for an agricultural product storage environment.
Background
The storage of the agricultural products after delivery is very important to the agricultural product industry and has great significance in the development of modern agriculture, and at present, when a large number of fruit and vegetable agricultural products in China, such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, Chinese cabbages, oranges and the like, are stored in a production place, the traditional ventilation storage form is still adopted. The main storage facilities are underground storage cellars, ventilated warehouses and the like. The storage facilities are characterized by large storage capacity, are usually positioned in the field, and are convenient for the warehousing and delivery operation when the fruits and vegetables are collected in a centralized way. Bulk produce, particularly lower priced produce, remains stored in these conventional ventilated storage facilities for over 80%.
The existing underground storage cellar and ventilation warehouse utilize cold air of the external environment to reduce the temperature of the storage environment, and mainly realize ventilation through opening doors and windows or utilizing air ducts and other modes, but natural ventilation storage facilities in the prior art have the problems of low ventilation efficiency, poor storage effect, difficult management and the like. Furthermore, the electrical supply of conventional storage facilities is difficult to guarantee, subject to production conditions at the production site, making mechanical forced ventilation difficult to achieve.
Therefore, how to better realize the ventilation storage of a large amount of fruit and vegetable agricultural products and realize the optimization of storage conditions with lower cost becomes a problem to be solved in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Embodiments of the present invention provide a ventilation control system for agricultural product storage environment, so as to solve the technical problems or at least partially solve the technical problems in the background art.
The embodiment of the invention provides an agricultural product storage environment ventilation control system, which comprises: the system comprises a solar power supply management device, an environmental data acquisition device, a communication device and a ventilation control device; the solar power supply management device is electrically connected with the environmental data acquisition device, the communication device and the ventilation control device respectively; the communication device is respectively electrically connected with the environmental data acquisition device and the ventilation control device;
the solar power supply management device is used for supplying power to the environmental data acquisition device, the communication device and the ventilation control device according to the solar power storage module, the commercial power supply module and the power supply seamless switching unit;
the environment data acquisition device is used for acquiring storage environment information periodically and sending the storage environment information acquired periodically to the communication device;
the communication device is used for synchronizing the storage environment information to a data center and synchronizing a control instruction and a setting instruction of the data center;
and the ventilation control device is used for controlling the environment adjusting equipment according to the control instruction to ventilate the storage environment.
More specifically, the solar power management device specifically includes: the solar energy power storage module, the commercial power supply module and the power supply seamless switching unit are respectively and electrically connected with the solar energy power storage module and the commercial power supply module;
the power supply seamless switching unit is used for seamlessly switching commercial power supply and solar energy storage power supply and sending power supply information to the communication device.
More specifically, the system further comprises: the storage device is electrically connected with the environmental data acquisition device and the solar power management device respectively;
the storage device is used for storing the storage environment information and the alarm information collected by the environment data collecting device.
More specifically, the communication device includes: a data channel and an upgrade channel;
the data channel is used for synchronizing the transmission storage environment information to the data center and synchronizing a control instruction and a parameter configuration instruction of the data center;
the upgrading channel is used for acquiring a system upgrading data packet.
More specifically, the system further comprises: the management and maintenance device is electrically connected with the solar power supply management device, the communication device and the environmental data acquisition device respectively;
the commercial power and solar energy switching device is used for detecting the current residual electric quantity of solar energy and switching the commercial power in time when the electric quantity of the solar energy is insufficient to ensure that the system works stably;
the commercial power and solar energy switching device is used for acquiring power supply information of the solar energy power supply management device and sending the power supply information and the acquisition parameters to the communication device, so that the communication device can synchronize the power supply information and the acquisition parameters to a data center.
More specifically, the communication device is further configured to obtain a system control command from the ventilation control device in a communication manner, so as to perform system control according to the system control command.
More specifically, the system control instructions include: the system comprises an environmental sensor setting instruction, a collection interval time instruction, an environmental parameter threshold value setting instruction, a local data clearing instruction, a remote system restarting instruction, a factory reset instruction and a remote upgrading instruction.
More specifically, the system further comprises: the human-computer interaction device is electrically connected with the environmental data acquisition device, the ventilation control device and the solar power management device respectively;
the human-computer interaction device is used for acquiring storage environment information from the environment data acquisition device and displaying the storage environment information through the human-computer interaction device;
the human-computer interaction device is also used for generating acquisition parameters and sending the acquisition parameters to the communication device.
More specifically, the system further comprises: the clock device is electrically connected with the power management device, the communication device and the environmental data acquisition device respectively;
the clock device is used for acquiring system time information according to a network time protocol and sending the system time information to the communication device, the environmental data acquisition device and the ventilation control device.
More specifically, the environmental data acquisition device is further configured to:
when the storage environment information is acquired, generating a storage environment information timestamp according to the system time information;
time-stamped storage environment information is obtained.
According to the agricultural product storage environment ventilation control system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the problem of insufficient electric power of a large amount of agricultural product storage facilities is solved through the solar power supply management device, and seamless power supply can be ensured through the power supply seamless switching unit when power is cut off. In addition, the communication device interacts with the data center, the storage environment information can be synchronized to the data center, the data center can analyze the storage environment information to obtain a more accurate control instruction, the ventilation control device realizes accurate ventilation control according to the control instruction, the agricultural product ventilation is ensured to be in a proper environment in real time, the losses of rotting, sprouting, air drying and weight loss and the like of the agricultural product ventilation caused by storage cellar environment factors are reduced, the labor intensity of storage cellar managers is reduced, and the management cost is saved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an agricultural product storage environment ventilation control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a memory module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a flat distribution of monitoring points according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the average temperature change within the storage cellar according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the change in average relative humidity during storage of the cellar according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 illustrates CO in a storage cellar according to an embodiment of the present invention2A change in concentration;
FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating the average change in weight of potatoes during storage in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an agricultural product storage environment ventilation control system according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, including: the system comprises a solar power supply management device 101, an environmental data acquisition device 102, a communication device 103 and a ventilation control device 104, wherein the solar power supply management device 101 is electrically connected with the environmental data acquisition device 102, the communication device 103 and the ventilation control device 104 respectively; the communication device 103 is electrically connected with the environmental data acquisition device 102 and the ventilation control device 104, the system further comprises a management and maintenance device 106 and a data center 105, and the management and maintenance device 106 and the data center 105 are electrically connected with the communication device 103 respectively.
Specifically, the solar power management device 101 described in the embodiment of the present invention includes a solar power storage module, a commercial power supply module, and a commercial power and solar energy switching module, where the solar power storage module specifically includes a solar cell panel, a storage battery, and a controller, the commercial power supply module is specifically configured to supply power to the agricultural product storage environment ventilation control system at ordinary times, and supply power to the storage battery under the condition that a system load is ensured, and when the commercial power is cut off, the storage battery supplies power to the system, and for an area where the commercial power cannot be provided, the storage battery is charged by the solar cell panel, and the storage battery supplies power to the system.
The utility power and solar energy switching module described herein realizes seamless switching between the utility power supply module and the solar energy storage module through the power seamless switching module.
The environmental data acquisition device described in the embodiment of the present invention may specifically be configured to acquire storage environmental information such as temperature information, humidity information, carbon dioxide information, and the like at regular time according to interface information of a preset installed sensor and set information of acquisition interval time, the environmental data acquisition device is internally provided with an external sensor communication protocol library, a corresponding communication protocol can be selected according to needs, the configuration is flexible, the expandability is strong, after the environmental data acquisition device acquires original data, storage environmental information recognizable by a system is analyzed through the protocol and sent to the communication device, and the communication device sends the storage environmental information to a data center.
The data center described in the embodiment of the invention is a data center which manages a plurality of agricultural product storage environment ventilation control systems, has a large amount of agricultural product storage environment ventilation data, realizes big data calculation based on the agricultural product storage environment ventilation data, and can interact with the agricultural product storage environment ventilation control systems through a communication device.
The control instruction of the data center described in the embodiment of the present invention is an instruction for controlling the start or the stop of the fan, which is calculated by the data center based on big data according to the storage environment information uploaded by the communication device.
The ventilation control device described in the embodiment of the invention realizes the control of the fan through the control instruction transmitted back by the communication module, and ensures that the agricultural product is ventilated in a proper environment in real time.
The embodiment of the invention solves the problem of insufficient storage electric power of a large number of agricultural products through the solar power supply management device, ensures seamless power supply during power failure through the power supply seamless switching unit, interacts with the data center through the communication device, synchronizes the storage environment information to the data center, enables the data center to analyze the storage environment information according to big data to obtain a more accurate control instruction, realizes accurate ventilation control through the ventilation control device according to the control instruction, ensures that the agricultural product ventilation is in a proper environment in real time, reduces the losses of rotting, sprouting, air drying and weight loss and the like of the agricultural product ventilation caused by storage cellar environment factors, lightens the labor intensity of storage cellar managers and saves the management cost.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the solar power management apparatus specifically includes: the solar energy power storage module, the commercial power supply module and the power supply seamless switching unit are respectively and electrically connected with the solar energy power storage module and the commercial power supply module;
the power supply seamless switching unit is used for seamlessly switching commercial power supply and solar energy storage power supply and sending power supply information to the ventilation control device.
Specifically, the solar power management device described in the embodiment of the present invention includes a switching power supply, a solar power storage module, a commercial power supply module, and a power seamless switching unit; the lithium ion battery described in the embodiment of the invention is provided with a charging interface and an output interface which are connected with a seamless switching unit of a power supply, and supports a floating charging technology, mains supply is powered by mainly depending on a backup lithium ion battery during power failure, a switch power supply can also charge the backup battery except for the power supply of a system device during mains supply, and the floating charging technology ensures that the backup battery is permanently in a saturated state.
The power supply seamless switching unit is used for solving the problem that a power supply output vacuum period exists when a lithium battery and mains supply are switched, a power failure phenomenon can occur to a device and other equipment of a system in the neutral gear, namely, the phenomenon that the device is restarted can occur when a power supply mode is switched, the power supply seamless switching unit adopts a double-path relay to increase a capacitance discharge principle, and the capacitance discharge makes up the power supply output vacuum period when the power supply mode is switched.
And no matter how large capacity of spare battery is used, the mains supply still can have the power failure phenomenon after the power failure time is long, and in order that the system is in a controllable state, the power supply seamless switching unit also provides the output design of the mains supply state, gives an alarm when the mains supply has a power failure, gives a state prompt when the mains supply recovers, and sends power supply information to the ventilation control device with time stamp.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the solar energy storage module, the commercial power supply module and the power supply seamless switching unit ensure that the system can be effectively powered to the greatest extent, so that the effective ventilation of the agricultural product storage environment is realized.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the system further includes: the storage device is electrically connected with the environmental data acquisition device and the solar power management device respectively;
the storage device is used for storing the storage environment information acquired by the environment data acquisition device when the communication device fails.
Specifically, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a storage module according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the storage module includes a Flash memory unit and an external storage of an SD card, the storage module has a permanent storage characteristic, the Flash memory can be read and written at a high speed, and a system program, an application program, and all parameter settings related to the solar energy storage agricultural product storage environment ventilation control device and system operation are stored in the Flash memory.
The external storage of the SD card is mainly used for storing storage environment information records, and the SD card can maximally expand 32Gbyte capacity.
Environmental data records generated in the fault period of a data channel of the communication module are all written into an SD external storage, the SD external storage supports a file system and can be directly read and exported, the storage form adopts a form of one data file per month, after the data channel connection is recovered to be normal, the data records in the SD card external storage are preferentially synchronized with a data center, and after the synchronization is successful, the response records are deleted.
Because the protocol adopted by the protocol management module has high integration, each data record has the characteristics of rich expression meaning and small occupied space, and the maximum capacity of 32Mbyte is required for continuously storing the environmental data records for one month in the external storage of the SD card.
The embodiment of the invention effectively ensures that the collected storage environment information is effectively stored through the storage system, so that the collected storage environment information still cannot be lost when the communication device fails.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the communication device includes: a data channel and an upgrade channel;
the data channel is used for synchronizing the transmission storage environment information to the data center and synchronizing a control instruction and a setting instruction of the data center;
the upgrading channel is used for obtaining a system control instruction to realize the air upgrading of the system.
Specifically, the communication device described in the embodiment of the present invention employs a GPRS wireless packet mobile service data network, which has the capability of simultaneously keeping multiple sockets online, and the communication module can place data and updates in different links, thereby enhancing the independence of data channels and reducing mutual interference.
The data channel is a TCP Socket connection, the connection is kept online permanently, and the data channel is mainly used for data recording and command interaction with a data center synchronous environment:
synchronizing the field environment data records with the data center means that a synchronous data source is derived from currently acquired real-time environment data or historical environment data in a storage module, in order to ensure transmission effectiveness and reliability, a response mechanism is adopted for synchronization of each piece of data, each time a communication module reports one piece of environment data, after the data center receives the data, a timestamp of the data record is intercepted to serve as a data field response field device, the device deletes the record in the storage module after receiving confirmation, and if the record is overtime, the data record is retransmitted;
the device and the data center command synchronization refers to reporting of field state and alarm information; and the center remotely sets parameters and remotely controls the work of the field device equipment. The system has the advantages that the two-way interaction of instructions is realized, the system is significant for agricultural product ventilation storage cellars which are scattered all over the country, the agricultural product ventilation cellars have the characteristics of large quantity and scattered regions, the characteristics cause inconvenience in maintenance and high maintenance cost, the situation that a data center is centrally managed and maintained at one point and is scattered all over the country is formed by combining the channel and the management and maintenance module, the inherent defect that the previous maintenance must be on site is thoroughly overcome, the effects of quick maintenance, timely response and user experience enhancement are achieved, and the prejudgment on some faults and states can be achieved. The instruction synchronization can realize that: configuring a data center IP/port, maintaining the center IP/port, inquiring packet loss rate, inquiring and configuring acquisition interval time, inquiring I/O state, inquiring sensor state and configuration, inquiring signal strength, remotely restarting, recovering factory values, version information, emptying stored data, remotely upgrading and the like.
The embodiment of the invention synchronizes to the data center, and the control instruction of the data center particularly means that TCPSocket connection is adopted to realize the realization of the air upgrading function, thereby greatly reducing the field service of debugging and fault solving, further reducing the technical threshold of popularization of the method of the agricultural product ventilation storage environment (remote) monitoring system, and the data center notifies the connection without long-time online of the channel.
The data channel and the upgrading channel both support connection of IP addresses and domain names, the limitation that a data center must have a fixed IP is removed, the fixed IP address or the domain name of the data center and a corresponding TCP port are configured on the data channel before the solar energy and electricity storage agricultural product storage environment ventilation control device, the upgrading channel is used for issuing a connection instruction through the data channel by the data center, and the instruction comprises the IP and the port.
In order to ensure that the communication module can stably work, the communication module is designed with working state judgment, the state of each step of the communication module is marked through global variables, the state of an SIM card, the signal intensity and the channel maintaining the current connection state and the like are detected and marked, the initialization state is automatically recovered when the state fault is judged, the SIM card can be recovered from defaulting to communication recovery in the GPRS communication process by power failure restart, the communication module can realize self power failure restart, and manual intervention is reduced. If the network connection is not good due to too low signal strength, the communication module continuously inquires the network condition when the network state does not reach the connection condition, and the waste of network flow caused by trying to connect the network before the signal strength does not reach the connection condition is avoided.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the system further includes: the system comprises a commercial power and solar energy switching device, a solar power management device, a communication device and an environmental data acquisition device, wherein the commercial power and solar energy switching device is electrically connected with the solar power management device, the communication device and the environmental data acquisition device respectively;
the commercial power and solar energy switching device is used for detecting the current residual electric quantity of solar energy and switching the commercial power in time when the electric quantity of the solar energy is insufficient to ensure that the system works stably;
specifically, all locally settable parameters of the management and maintenance device in the embodiment of the present invention support remote setting and query, and support a remote management mode to make the system have possibility of centralized management, specifically, the management and maintenance device can realize information remote setting and query support of the communication device and the acquisition device, for example, for a data channel IP (or domain name) and a TCP port of the communication device; maintaining channel IP/Domain and port; acquisition interval time of the acquisition device, device address code (identification region), environment acquisition sensor type, bus address, UART interface and corresponding protocol type.
The system control instruction in the embodiment of the invention comprises an environment sensor setting instruction, a collection interval time instruction, an environment parameter threshold value setting instruction, a local data clearing instruction, a remote system restarting instruction, a factory reset instruction and a remote upgrading instruction.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the system further includes: the human-computer interaction device is electrically connected with the environmental data acquisition device, the communication device and the solar power management device respectively;
the human-computer interaction device is used for acquiring storage environment information from the environment data acquisition device and displaying the storage environment information through the human-computer interaction device;
the human-computer interaction device is also used for generating acquisition parameters and sending the acquisition parameters to the communication device.
Specifically, the human-computer interaction device described in the embodiment of the present invention includes a display module and an input module, and the display module and the input module may be implemented by a touch screen with a display function, for example, a TFT full-color touch display screen.
The man-machine interaction device described in the embodiment of the invention enables the system to be more intuitive and easy to use.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the system further includes: the clock device is respectively and electrically connected with the power supply management device, the communication device and the environmental data acquisition device and the ventilation control device;
the clock device is used for acquiring system time information according to a network time protocol and sending the system time information to the communication device, the environmental data acquisition device and the ventilation control device.
The environmental data acquisition device is further configured to:
when the storage environment information is acquired, generating a storage environment information timestamp according to the system time information;
time-stamped storage environment information is obtained.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the invention, when a system clock, a clock crystal oscillator, a clock battery (a 3.0V CR button battery is adopted) and an NTP network are used for time synchronization, an RFC5905 standard protocol is adopted for network time synchronization, and the time synchronization is performed with a server of a national time service center. The device is started each time, the time synchronization is finished before the data channel is established, and the clock module can automatically perform the time synchronization according to the set time interval, so that the phenomena that the error is generated due to the fact that the clock crystal oscillator works for a long time without calibration, and the local clock is recovered to the default factory time due to the fact that power supply of a clock battery is insufficient are fundamentally solved.
The storage environment information in the embodiment of the invention is collected and updated at regular time, the record comprises the currently collected environment value, the region attribute and the time attribute, the three attributes form a complete environment data record together, and whether the timestamp is accurate is one of the preconditions for whether the data record is valid or not.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the produce storage environment ventilation control system is installed in a underground cellar located in the middle temperate zone of east longitude 114 ° 00 ', north latitude 41 ° 54', and belonging to semiarid continental monsoon climate, which was built in 2012 as a brick-vault structure for storing locally produced potatoes.
The total length of the storage cellar is 16.5m, the width is 4.2m, the arch height is 1.5m, the arch crown part is covered with soil for 1.5m and filled, a vent hole is reserved for ventilation with the outside, the outer diameter of the hole is 0.3m, the inner diameter of the hole is 0.25m, and the top of the vent hole is 2m away from the arch crown. The tail part of the storage cellar is provided with 1 vent hole, 1 vent hole is arranged every 4m in the length direction from back to front, and the total number of the vent holes is 4.
The agricultural product storage environment ventilation control system and two axial flow fans are installed in the warehouse body, the model of the axial flow fan is SFG3-2 three-phase, the power of the medium pressure fan is 0.37kW, and the maximum air volume of the fan is 3000m3H is used as the reference value. Temperature, humidity, weight and CO of storage environment2The concentration and the like are automatically recorded by the device, and the change condition in the cellar is monitored in real time. The model of the temperature and humidity sensor is HMP110, the precision of the temperature range is +/-0.6 ℃ within minus 40-60 ℃, the precision of the relative humidity range is +/-3% between 0-90%, and the precision of the relative humidity range is +/-5% between 90-100%; the detection range is 0-2000 ppm; the gravity sensor has a model number XL-10000.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of monitoring points according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the temperature and humidity monitoring points 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 13 are located 0.7m from the ground, and the temperature and humidity monitoring points 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 are located 1.2m from the ground; CO is arranged near the wall in the middle of the cellar2Sensor, CO2The monitoring point 15 is 0.5m away from the ground; the weight change of four piles of potatoes is monitored by 4 gravity sensors, weight monitoring points 16, 17, 18 and 19 are paved on the ground, and the initial weights of the four piles of potatoes are 668.85kg, 686.93kg, 782.42kg and 787.68kg respectively.
Monitoring for 2016 (11 months, 1 days) to 2017 (3 months, 31 days), storing potato in cellar until the potato is stable, and recording the temperature and humidity and CO in 151d storage environment in the whole storage period2Content and potato weight.
The results of the computer simulation were processed by a tecplot 360 post-processing software. Monitoring data are processed by an excel chart, fig. 4 is an average temperature change diagram in the cellar in the storage period described in one embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 4, the temperature in the cellar is rapidly reduced from the beginning of 11 months to the beginning of 12 months in the initial storage period, the temperature in the cellar is at 8.92 ℃ in the initial storage period, is reduced to below 5 ℃ after 11 months and 10 days, and is reduced to the lowest point at the beginning of 12 months, the temperature is 1.39 ℃, potatoes are just put into the cellar in the early period, the respiration intensity is high, the external temperature is far lower than the temperature in the cellar, a fan needs to be frequently started to introduce external low-temperature gas into the cellar, and the temperature is rapidly reduced; in the middle storage period, namely from 12 months to 2 months in the next year, the temperature in the cellar is stabilized and kept at about 2 ℃, the temperature floats up and down within 1 ℃, particularly in 12 months, the temperature is mainly maintained at 1-2 ℃, the proper storage temperature of the potatoes is reached, the fan is not started frequently, the external temperature is far lower than the storage temperature of the potatoes, and the fan is started to cool only when the temperature in the cellar is higher than the set upper limit; in the later storage period, namely from 3 months, the temperature slightly rises, the rising amplitude is small, the external temperature gradually rises, the potato storage is in the later period, the dormancy period is basically finished, the breathing intensity is increased, and the temperature in the cellar is increased. The temperature in the cellar can be kept at 0-4 deg.C, and is suitable for storing potato.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the average relative humidity change in the cellar during the storage period according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5, the relative humidity in the cellar is low in the beginning of 11 months, the fan is frequently operated, the external humidity is low, and when the external dry and cold air is introduced into the cellar and the hot and humid air in the cellar is discharged, the humidity in the cellar is reduced and is at a low level, which is less than 40%; in the middle and last ten days of 11 months, the relative humidity in the cellar slowly increases, but the rise is small; after the temperature in the cellar is stable from 12 months, the running time of the fan is short, the external humidity is also increased, and the relative humidity in the cellar is rapidly increased to 80% until 1 month. After 1 month and 10 days, the environment condition in the cellar is stable, the fan does not operate frequently any more, the temperature and humidity do not change greatly any more, the humidity is over 85 percent, until the end of 3 months, the relative humidity is maintained at about 90 percent, and the vertical fluctuation is less than 5 percent.
FIG. 6 illustrates CO in a storage cellar according to an embodiment of the present invention2The concentration change, as shown in FIG. 6, during the initial 11 months of storage, although the potatoes respired more greatly, produced a large amount of CO2But because the fan runs more, excessive CO is timely discharged2Is discharged to the atmosphereMiddle CO2Low concentration of CO in cellar2The content is lower and is below 400 ppm; beginning in the middle and last ten days of 12 months, the operation time and times of the fan per day are continuously reduced due to the stable temperature and humidity in the cellar, and the potato continuously releases CO by breathing2Cause CO2The concentration fluctuation is large, the total body has a slow rising trend, and in 2 months to 3 months, CO is in2The concentration fluctuates, and is mostly between 1000-1600 ppm.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the average change in weight of potatoes during storage according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 7, during the initial storage period, the potatoes have high respiration rate, are metabolized vigorously to generate a large amount of moisture, and the moisture is released as steam into the air and discharged out of the cellar with negative pressure ventilation, resulting in a rapid weight drop; in 12 months to 2 months, the temperature and humidity environment in the cellar is stable, the potato respiration intensity at low temperature is low, the generated moisture is less, the weight loss is reduced slowly, in the late 2 months, the potato gradually reaches the end of dormancy, the potato is about to break the dormancy, the respiration intensity is slightly increased, and the weight loss is slightly faster than before. The monitored data shows that the weight loss rate of the potatoes is 1.6 percent in the whole storage period and is far superior to that of other storage cellars which do not use the device of the invention locally.
The data are automatically acquired by the device, and the temperature, humidity and CO are2The concentration and the like are all automatically adjusted.
In the storage process, fresh potatoes are just put into the cellar at the early stage, the breath is vigorous, the generated breath heat and the moisture generated by the breath are more, and the higher the temperature in the cellar is, the higher the breath strength of the potatoes is. The heat cannot be discharged in time by means of natural ventilation, the wind speed in the cellar cannot meet the storage requirement, and the external low-temperature cold source cannot be well utilized to reduce the temperature in the cellar in time and take away hot and humid air.
In the experiment, the device is used for automatically and forcibly ventilating the naturally ventilated storage cellar, one of the two controlled axial flow fans introduces outside cold air into the cellar, the other axial flow fan assists in pumping out hot and humid air in the cellar, and the two axial flow fans can be separately and independently controlled to respectively adjust the environmental change in the cellar. The device opens through automatic control fan and stops, can set up reasonable control parameter according to the different storage condition requirements of fresh food or processing potato, or other agricultural products in environment requirements such as humiture, gas composition of different shelf life to can adapt to different storage needs, change the uncertainty of artificial experience operation, practice thrift the cost of labor, reduced the extra loss because of the uncomfortable and cause of environment simultaneously. The device is low in cost, data are collected in real time, a user can check the environment condition in the cellar in time, and adverse phenomena can be responded in time.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing an electronic device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An agricultural product storage environment ventilation control system, comprising: the system comprises a solar power supply management device, a storage environment data acquisition device, a communication device and a ventilation control device; the solar power supply management device is electrically connected with the environmental data acquisition device, the communication device and the ventilation control device respectively; the communication device is respectively electrically connected with the environmental data acquisition device and the ventilation control device;
the solar power supply management device is used for supplying power to the environmental data acquisition device, the communication device and the ventilation control device according to the solar power storage module, the commercial power supply module and the power supply seamless switching unit;
the environment data acquisition device is used for acquiring storage environment information at regular time and sending the storage environment information acquired at regular time to the communication device;
the communication device is used for synchronizing the storage environment information to a data center and synchronizing a setting instruction and a control instruction of the data center;
and the ventilation control device is used for controlling the environment adjusting equipment according to the control instruction to ventilate the storage environment.
2. The produce storage environment ventilation control system of claim 1, wherein the communication device comprises: a data channel and an upgrade channel;
the data channel is used for synchronizing the transmission storage environment information to the data center and synchronizing a control instruction and a setting instruction of the data center;
the upgrade channel is used for realizing the air upgrade of the system.
3. The agricultural product storage environment ventilation control system of claim 2, wherein the solar power management device specifically comprises: the system comprises a mains supply power supply module, a solar power storage module and a mains supply and solar switching module, wherein the mains supply and solar switching module is respectively and electrically connected with the mains supply power supply module and the solar power storage module;
the commercial power and solar energy switching module is used for detecting the current residual electric quantity of the solar energy storage module and switching to the commercial power supply module for supplying power when the current residual electric quantity of the solar energy storage module is lower than a preset threshold value.
4. The produce storage environment ventilation control system of claim 3, wherein the communication device is further configured to obtain system control instructions from the ventilation control device, wherein the system control instructions are configured for system control.
5. The produce storage environment ventilation control system of claim 4, wherein the system control instructions comprise: the system comprises an environmental sensor setting instruction, a collection interval time instruction, an environmental parameter threshold value setting instruction, a local data clearing instruction, a remote system restarting instruction, a factory reset instruction and a remote upgrading instruction.
6. The produce storage environment ventilation control system of claim 1, further comprising: the storage device is electrically connected with the environmental data acquisition device and the solar power management device respectively;
the storage device is used for storing the storage environment information and the alarm information acquired by the environment data acquisition device when the communication device fails.
7. The produce storage environment ventilation control system of claim 3, further comprising: a human-computer interaction device;
the human-computer interaction device is electrically connected with the environmental data acquisition device, the ventilation control device and the solar power management device respectively;
the human-computer interaction device is used for acquiring storage environment information from the environment data acquisition device and displaying the storage environment information through the human-computer interaction device;
the human-computer interaction device is also used for generating acquisition parameters and sending the acquisition parameters to the communication device.
8. The produce storage environment ventilation control system of claim 1, further comprising: a clock device;
the clock device is electrically connected with the power management device, the communication device and the environmental data acquisition device respectively;
the clock device is used for acquiring system time information according to a network time protocol and sending the system time information to the communication device, the environmental data acquisition device and the ventilation control device.
9. The produce storage environment ventilation control system of claim 8, wherein the environmental data collection device is further configured to:
and when the storage environment information is acquired, generating a storage environment information timestamp according to the system time information to obtain the storage environment information with the timestamp.
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