CN111007603A - High-strength fire-resistant optical cable - Google Patents
High-strength fire-resistant optical cable Download PDFInfo
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- CN111007603A CN111007603A CN201911211476.9A CN201911211476A CN111007603A CN 111007603 A CN111007603 A CN 111007603A CN 201911211476 A CN201911211476 A CN 201911211476A CN 111007603 A CN111007603 A CN 111007603A
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- resistant layer
- layer
- fire
- resistant
- water
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
- G02B6/44384—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables the means comprising water blocking or hydrophobic materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
- G02B6/443—Protective covering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
- G02B6/443—Protective covering
- G02B6/4432—Protective covering with fibre reinforcements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
- G02B6/4436—Heat resistant
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength fire-resistant optical cable, which comprises a cable body, wherein the cable body comprises an outer sheath and a cable core, the cable core is inserted into the outer sheath, the outer part of the cable core is wrapped by an inner fire-resistant layer and an inner water-resistant layer, the inner fire-resistant layer is wrapped by the outer part of the inner water-resistant layer, the outer wall of the inner fire-resistant layer is provided with an outer fire-resistant layer, the outer part of the outer fire-resistant layer is provided with an outer water-resistant layer, the outer water-resistant layer is wrapped by an armor layer, the outer wall of the armor layer is provided with a polyolefin compound sheath, the cable core is provided with a double-layer water-resistant layer and a double-layer inner fire-resistant layer which are mutually overlapped, the high-temperature resistance of the optical cable is better under the action of the double-layer fire-resistant layer, and the inner wall of the armor layer is provided with a, when used in conjunction with a polyolefin compound jacket, the overall jacket strength is made higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cables, in particular to a high-strength fire-resistant optical cable.
Background
The main function of optical and electrical cables is to transmit data signals or power at high rates and over long distances. Optical fibers are typically incorporated into protective tubing (e.g., buffer tubes) that protect against mechanical damage and/or adverse environmental conditions (e.g., moisture exposure). The cable is typically made using a high modulus material to provide good compressive strength to the cable and its components, and the jacket material is typically comprised of polyethylene.
High density polyethylene ("HDPE") is a cost-effective jacket material whose properties can often be tuned by varying the melt index and density. Conventionally, improving the melt strength of HDPE would reduce its processability, while improving its processability would adversely affect its melt strength. Thus, while advances in HDPE coatings for conductors (e.g., optical fibers) have been realized, improvements are still needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-strength fire-resistant optical cable, which is characterized in that an outer water-resistant layer and an inner water-resistant layer are arranged outside a cable core, so that the cable core has a double-layer water-resistant layer and has a better waterproof effect, an outer fire-resistant layer and an inner fire-resistant layer which are mutually overlapped are also arranged on the cable core, and the high-temperature resistance of the optical cable is better under the action of the double-layer fire-resistant layer, wherein an inorganic fiber is arranged on the inner wall of an armor layer to form a non-metal peripheral reinforcing part in a woven mode, so that the strength of the whole outer sheath is higher when the optical cable is used in combination with a polyolefin compound sheath.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a high strength fire-resistant optical cable, includes the cable body, the cable body includes oversheath and cable core, the cable core alternates in the oversheath, the outside parcel of cable core has interior flame retardant coating and interior water blocking layer, interior flame retardant coating parcel is outside at interior water blocking layer, interior flame retardant coating outer wall is equipped with outer flame retardant coating, outer flame retardant coating is provided with outer water blocking layer outward, and the outer cladding of outer water blocking layer has the armor, and the outer wall of armor is equipped with polyolefin compound sheath.
Preferably, the outer water-resistant layer and the inner water-resistant layer are nano inorganic substance coatings, and the thickness of the outer water-resistant layer and the thickness of the inner water-resistant layer are 0.02-0.08 mm.
Preferably, the outer fire-resistant layer and the inner fire-resistant layer are both formed by coating or winding the ceramic vulcanized silicone rubber composite belt.
Preferably, a non-metal peripheral reinforcing part is arranged between the armor layer and the outer water-resistant layer, and the non-metal peripheral reinforcing part is formed by weaving inorganic fibers.
Preferably, the polyolefin compound component of the polyolefin compound sheath is high density polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate and an additive.
Preferably, the additive is one or more selected from the group consisting of carbon black, carrier resins, flame retardants, processing aids, nucleating agents, blowing agents, crosslinking agents, fillers, pigments or colorants, coupling agents, antioxidants, uv stabilizers, additives for tackifiers, scorch inhibitors, antistatic agents, slip agents, plasticizers, lubricants, viscosity control agents, antiblocking agents, surfactants, extender oils, acid scavengers, metal deactivators, and vulcanizing agents.
Preferably, the polyolefin compound sheath comprises a polyolefin compound containing vinyl acetate in an amount of 1.5 to 8 weight percent based on the total weight of the high density polyethylene and the ethylene vinyl acetate.
Preferably, the armor layer is made of a steel-plastic composite tape.
The invention provides a high-strength fire-resistant optical cable which has the following beneficial effects:
the cable core is provided with the outer water-resisting layer and the inner water-resisting layer outside the cable core, so that the cable core is provided with the double water-resisting layers, the waterproof effect is better, the cable core is also provided with the outer fire-resisting layer and the inner fire-resisting layer which are mutually overlapped, the high temperature resistance of the optical cable is better under the action of the double fire-resisting layers, the inner wall of the armor layer is provided with the non-metal peripheral reinforcing piece formed by weaving the inorganic fibers, and when the optical cable is used by combining with the polyolefin compound sheath, the strength of the whole outer sheath is higher.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of the present invention.
In the figure: 100. an outer sheath; 101. a polyolefin compound jacket; 102. an armor layer; 103. an outer water-resistant layer; 104. an outer refractory layer; 105. an inner refractory layer; 106. an inner water blocking layer; 200. and a cable core.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a technical solution: a high-strength fire-resistant optical cable comprises a cable body, wherein the cable body comprises an outer sheath 100 and a cable core 200, the cable core 200 is inserted into the outer sheath 100, an inner fire-resistant layer 105 and an inner water-resistant layer 106 wrap the outside of the cable core 200, the inner fire-resistant layer 105 wraps the outside of the inner water-resistant layer 106, an outer fire-resistant layer 104 is arranged on the outer wall of the inner fire-resistant layer 105, an outer water-resistant layer 103 is arranged outside the outer fire-resistant layer 104, an armor layer 102 wraps the outer water-resistant layer 103, and a polyolefin compound sheath 101 is arranged on the outer wall of the armor layer 102.
Preferably, the outer water-blocking layer 103 and the inner water-blocking layer 106 are nano inorganic coatings, the thickness of the outer water-blocking layer 103 is 0.02mm, and the thickness of the inner water-blocking layer 106 is 0.08 mm.
Preferably, the outer refractory layer 104 and the inner refractory layer 105 are both formed by wrapping or winding ceramic vulcanized silicone rubber composite strips.
Preferably, a non-metal peripheral reinforcing part is arranged between the armor layer 102 and the outer water-resistant layer 103, and the non-metal peripheral reinforcing part is formed by weaving inorganic fibers.
Preferably, the polyolefin compound component of the polyolefin compound sheath 101 is high density polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate, and an additive.
Preferably, the additives are additives selected from the group consisting of carbon black, carrier resins, crosslinking agents, fillers, colorants, coupling agents, antioxidants, uv stabilizers, tackifiers, scorch inhibitors, antistatic agents, plasticizers, surfactants, extender oils, acid scavengers, metal deactivators, and vulcanizing agents.
Preferably, the polyolefin compound of the polyolefin compound jacket 101 contains vinyl acetate in an amount of 1.5 to 8 weight percent based on the total weight of the high density polyethylene and the ethylene vinyl acetate.
Preferably, the armor layer 102 is made of a steel-plastic composite tape.
It should be noted that, when the high-strength fire-resistant optical cable works, the outer water-resistant layer 103 and the inner water-resistant layer 106 are arranged outside the cable core 200, so that the cable core 200 has a double-layer water-resistant layer, the waterproof effect is better, the outer fire-resistant layer 104 and the inner fire-resistant layer 105 which are mutually overlapped are further arranged on the cable core 200, under the action of the double-layer fire-resistant layer, the high-temperature resistance of the optical cable is better, the non-metal peripheral reinforcing member formed by weaving inorganic fibers is arranged on the inner wall of the armor layer 102, and when the high-strength fire-resistant optical cable is used in combination with the polyolefin compound sheath 101, the.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a technical solution: a high-strength fire-resistant optical cable comprises a cable body, wherein the cable body comprises an outer sheath 100 and a cable core 200, the cable core 200 is inserted into the outer sheath 100, an inner fire-resistant layer 105 and an inner water-resistant layer 106 wrap the outside of the cable core 200, the inner fire-resistant layer 105 wraps the outside of the inner water-resistant layer 106, an outer fire-resistant layer 104 is arranged on the outer wall of the inner fire-resistant layer 105, an outer water-resistant layer 103 is arranged outside the outer fire-resistant layer 104, an armor layer 102 wraps the outer water-resistant layer 103, and a polyolefin compound sheath 101 is arranged on the outer wall of the armor layer 102.
Preferably, the outer water-blocking layer 103 and the inner water-blocking layer 106 are nano inorganic coatings, the thickness of the outer water-blocking layer 103 is 0.04mm, and the thickness of the inner water-blocking layer 106 is 0.04 mm.
Preferably, the outer refractory layer 104 and the inner refractory layer 105 are both formed by wrapping or winding ceramic vulcanized silicone rubber composite strips.
Preferably, a non-metal peripheral reinforcing part is arranged between the armor layer 102 and the outer water-resistant layer 103, and the non-metal peripheral reinforcing part is formed by weaving inorganic fibers.
Preferably, the polyolefin compound component of the polyolefin compound sheath 101 is high density polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate, and an additive.
Preferably, the additives are nucleating agents, blowing agents, crosslinking agents, fillers, pigments, coupling agents, antioxidants, uv stabilizers, additives for tackifiers, antistatic agents, slip agents, plasticizers, lubricants, viscosity control agents, antiblocking agents, surfactants, extender oils, and vulcanizing agents.
Preferably, the polyolefin compound of the polyolefin compound jacket 101 contains vinyl acetate in an amount of 1.5 to 8 weight percent based on the total weight of the high density polyethylene and the ethylene vinyl acetate.
Preferably, the armor layer 102 is made of a steel-plastic composite tape.
It should be noted that, when the high-strength fire-resistant optical cable works, the outer water-resistant layer 103 and the inner water-resistant layer 106 are arranged outside the cable core 200, so that the cable core 200 has a double-layer water-resistant layer, the waterproof effect is better, the outer fire-resistant layer 104 and the inner fire-resistant layer 105 which are mutually overlapped are further arranged on the cable core 200, under the action of the double-layer fire-resistant layer, the high-temperature resistance of the optical cable is better, the non-metal peripheral reinforcing member formed by weaving inorganic fibers is arranged on the inner wall of the armor layer 102, and when the high-strength fire-resistant optical cable is used in combination with the polyolefin compound sheath 101, the.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a technical solution: a high-strength fire-resistant optical cable comprises a cable body, wherein the cable body comprises an outer sheath 100 and a cable core 200, the cable core 200 is inserted into the outer sheath 100, an inner fire-resistant layer 105 and an inner water-resistant layer 106 wrap the outside of the cable core 200, the inner fire-resistant layer 105 wraps the outside of the inner water-resistant layer 106, an outer fire-resistant layer 104 is arranged on the outer wall of the inner fire-resistant layer 105, an outer water-resistant layer 103 is arranged outside the outer fire-resistant layer 104, an armor layer 102 wraps the outer water-resistant layer 103, and a polyolefin compound sheath 101 is arranged on the outer wall of the armor layer 102.
Preferably, the outer water-blocking layer 103 and the inner water-blocking layer 106 are nano inorganic coatings, the thickness of the outer water-blocking layer 103 is 0.06mm, and the thickness of the inner water-blocking layer 106 is 0.05 mm.
Preferably, the outer refractory layer 104 and the inner refractory layer 105 are both formed by wrapping or winding ceramic vulcanized silicone rubber composite strips.
Preferably, a non-metal peripheral reinforcing part is arranged between the armor layer 102 and the outer water-resistant layer 103, and the non-metal peripheral reinforcing part is formed by weaving inorganic fibers.
Preferably, the polyolefin compound component of the polyolefin compound sheath 101 is high density polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate, and an additive.
Preferably, the additives are selected from the group consisting of carbon black, carrier resins, flame retardants, processing aids, nucleating agents, blowing agents, crosslinking agents, colorants, antioxidants, additives for tackifiers, scorch inhibitors, antistatic agents, slip agents, lubricants, viscosity control agents, surfactants, metal deactivators, and vulcanizing agents.
Preferably, the polyolefin compound of the polyolefin compound jacket 101 contains vinyl acetate in an amount of 1.5 to 8 weight percent based on the total weight of the high density polyethylene and the ethylene vinyl acetate.
Preferably, the armor layer 102 is made of a steel-plastic composite tape.
It should be noted that, when the high-strength fire-resistant optical cable works, the outer water-resistant layer 103 and the inner water-resistant layer 106 are arranged outside the cable core 200, so that the cable core 200 has a double-layer water-resistant layer, the waterproof effect is better, the outer fire-resistant layer 104 and the inner fire-resistant layer 105 which are mutually overlapped are further arranged on the cable core 200, under the action of the double-layer fire-resistant layer, the high-temperature resistance of the optical cable is better, the non-metal peripheral reinforcing member formed by weaving inorganic fibers is arranged on the inner wall of the armor layer 102, and when the high-strength fire-resistant optical cable is used in combination with the polyolefin compound sheath 101, the.
Example 4:
as shown in fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a technical solution: a high-strength fire-resistant optical cable comprises a cable body, wherein the cable body comprises an outer sheath 100 and a cable core 200, the cable core 200 is inserted into the outer sheath 100, an inner fire-resistant layer 105 and an inner water-resistant layer 106 wrap the outside of the cable core 200, the inner fire-resistant layer 105 wraps the outside of the inner water-resistant layer 106, an outer fire-resistant layer 104 is arranged on the outer wall of the inner fire-resistant layer 105, an outer water-resistant layer 103 is arranged outside the outer fire-resistant layer 104, an armor layer 102 wraps the outer water-resistant layer 103, and a polyolefin compound sheath 101 is arranged on the outer wall of the armor layer 102.
Preferably, the outer water-blocking layer 103 and the inner water-blocking layer 106 are nano inorganic coatings, the thickness of the outer water-blocking layer 103 is 0.08mm, and the thickness of the inner water-blocking layer 106 is 0.02 mm.
Preferably, the outer refractory layer 104 and the inner refractory layer 105 are both formed by wrapping or winding ceramic vulcanized silicone rubber composite strips.
Preferably, a non-metal peripheral reinforcing part is arranged between the armor layer 102 and the outer water-resistant layer 103, and the non-metal peripheral reinforcing part is formed by weaving inorganic fibers.
Preferably, the polyolefin compound component of the polyolefin compound sheath 101 is high density polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate, and an additive.
Preferably, the additives are carrier resins, flame retardants, nucleating agents, blowing agents, crosslinking agents, fillers, pigments, coupling agents, antioxidants, uv stabilizers, scorch inhibitors, slip agents, plasticizers, lubricants, viscosity control agents, antiblocking agents, surfactants, metal deactivators.
Preferably, the polyolefin compound of the polyolefin compound jacket 101 contains vinyl acetate in an amount of 1.5 to 8 weight percent based on the total weight of the high density polyethylene and the ethylene vinyl acetate.
Preferably, the armor layer 102 is made of a steel-plastic composite tape.
It should be noted that, when the high-strength fire-resistant optical cable works, the outer water-resistant layer 103 and the inner water-resistant layer 106 are arranged outside the cable core 200, so that the cable core 200 has a double-layer water-resistant layer, the waterproof effect is better, the outer fire-resistant layer 104 and the inner fire-resistant layer 105 which are mutually overlapped are further arranged on the cable core 200, under the action of the double-layer fire-resistant layer, the high-temperature resistance of the optical cable is better, the non-metal peripheral reinforcing member formed by weaving inorganic fibers is arranged on the inner wall of the armor layer 102, and when the high-strength fire-resistant optical cable is used in combination with the polyolefin compound sheath 101, the.
Example 5:
the optical cables manufactured in examples 1 to 4 were subjected to mechanical property tests, and the results obtained are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the table, the indexes of the optical cable of the invention meet the national standard requirements.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The high-strength fire-resistant optical cable comprises a cable body and is characterized in that the cable body comprises an outer sheath (100) and a cable core (200), the cable core (200) is inserted into the outer sheath (100), an inner fire-resistant layer (105) and an inner water-resistant layer (106) wrap the outside of the cable core (200), the inner fire-resistant layer (105) wraps the outside of the inner water-resistant layer (106), an outer fire-resistant layer (104) is arranged on the outer wall of the inner fire-resistant layer (105), an outer water-resistant layer (103) is arranged outside the outer fire-resistant layer (104), an armor layer (102) wraps the outer water-resistant layer (103), and a polyolefin compound sheath (101) is arranged on the outer wall of the armor layer (102).
2. A high strength fire resistant optical cable according to claim 1, wherein: the outer water-resistant layer (103) and the inner water-resistant layer (106) are nano inorganic coatings, and the thickness of the outer water-resistant layer (103) and the inner water-resistant layer (106) is 0.02-0.08 mm.
3. A high strength fire resistant optical cable according to claim 1, wherein: the outer fire-resistant layer (104) and the inner fire-resistant layer (105) are formed by wrapping or winding ceramic vulcanized silicone rubber composite belts.
4. A high strength fire resistant optical cable according to claim 1, wherein: and a non-metal peripheral reinforcing part is arranged between the armor layer (102) and the outer water-resistant layer (103), and is formed by weaving inorganic fibers.
5. A high strength fire resistant optical cable according to claim 1, wherein: the polyolefin compound components of the polyolefin compound sheath (101) are high-density polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate and additives.
6. A high strength fire resistant optical cable according to claim 5, wherein: the additive is one or more selected from the group consisting of carbon black, carrier resins, flame retardants, processing aids, nucleating agents, blowing agents, crosslinking agents, fillers, pigments or colorants, coupling agents, antioxidants, ultraviolet stabilizers, additives for tackifiers, scorch inhibitors, antistatic agents, slip agents, plasticizers, lubricants, viscosity control agents, antiblocking agents, surfactants, extender oils, acid scavengers, metal deactivators, and vulcanizing agents.
7. A high strength fire resistant optical cable according to claim 1, wherein: the polyolefin compound jacket (101) has a composition in which the polyolefin compound contains vinyl acetate, and the vinyl acetate content is 1.5 to 8% by weight based on the total weight of the high-density polyethylene and the ethylene vinyl acetate.
8. A high strength fire resistant optical cable according to claim 1, wherein: the armor layer (102) is made of steel-plastic composite strips.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN201911211476.9A CN111007603A (en) | 2019-12-02 | 2019-12-02 | High-strength fire-resistant optical cable |
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CN201911211476.9A CN111007603A (en) | 2019-12-02 | 2019-12-02 | High-strength fire-resistant optical cable |
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Citations (7)
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CN202584870U (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2012-12-05 | 安徽太平洋电缆集团有限公司 | Reinforced-type fireproof and waterproof aluminium alloy power cable |
CN103064163A (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2013-04-24 | 长飞光纤光缆有限公司 | Flame-retardant and fire-resistant optical cable |
CN103123825A (en) * | 2013-03-22 | 2013-05-29 | 国网电力科学研究院 | High voltage and ultrahigh voltage flexible direct current transmission optical fiber composite extrusion insulation submarine cable |
CN107207797A (en) * | 2015-02-25 | 2017-09-26 | 联合碳化化学品及塑料技术有限责任公司 | Polyolefin compound for cable coating |
CN108239328A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-07-03 | 上海凯波特种电缆料厂有限公司 | A kind of charging pile cable 125 DEG C of irradiated crosslinking low-smoke and halogen-free flame retardant materials and preparation method thereof |
US20180265684A1 (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2018-09-20 | Corning Optical Communications LLC | Flame retardant compound including host-guest complex |
CN209374144U (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-09-10 | 浙江元通线缆制造有限公司 | Isolated fire-retardant cable electric wire |
-
2019
- 2019-12-02 CN CN201911211476.9A patent/CN111007603A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN202584870U (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2012-12-05 | 安徽太平洋电缆集团有限公司 | Reinforced-type fireproof and waterproof aluminium alloy power cable |
CN103064163A (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2013-04-24 | 长飞光纤光缆有限公司 | Flame-retardant and fire-resistant optical cable |
CN103123825A (en) * | 2013-03-22 | 2013-05-29 | 国网电力科学研究院 | High voltage and ultrahigh voltage flexible direct current transmission optical fiber composite extrusion insulation submarine cable |
CN107207797A (en) * | 2015-02-25 | 2017-09-26 | 联合碳化化学品及塑料技术有限责任公司 | Polyolefin compound for cable coating |
US20180265684A1 (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2018-09-20 | Corning Optical Communications LLC | Flame retardant compound including host-guest complex |
CN108239328A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-07-03 | 上海凯波特种电缆料厂有限公司 | A kind of charging pile cable 125 DEG C of irradiated crosslinking low-smoke and halogen-free flame retardant materials and preparation method thereof |
CN209374144U (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-09-10 | 浙江元通线缆制造有限公司 | Isolated fire-retardant cable electric wire |
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Application publication date: 20200414 |