CN111006547B - Light bulletproof armor composite structure containing transparent aerogel - Google Patents
Light bulletproof armor composite structure containing transparent aerogel Download PDFInfo
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- CN111006547B CN111006547B CN201911315364.8A CN201911315364A CN111006547B CN 111006547 B CN111006547 B CN 111006547B CN 201911315364 A CN201911315364 A CN 201911315364A CN 111006547 B CN111006547 B CN 111006547B
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- transparent
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- aerogel
- inorganic glass
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0407—Transparent bullet-proof laminatesinformative reference: layered products essentially comprising glass in general B32B17/06, e.g. B32B17/10009; manufacture or composition of glass, e.g. joining glass to glass C03; permanent multiple-glazing windows, e.g. with spacing therebetween, E06B3/66
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
- F41H5/0428—Ceramic layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
- Y02B80/22—Glazing, e.g. vaccum glazing
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of bulletproof, and provides a light bulletproof armor composite structure containing transparent aerogel. The invention innovatively provides an armor structure compounded by nano porous aerogel with extremely low density and high specific surface area, high-strength transparent crystal and inorganic glass, and in the process of being impacted by a projectile, the energy absorption efficiency is greatly improved through the combination of a novel structure of reinforcing stress wave attenuation and high-strength ceramic crushing by the nano porous aerogel, the traditional design thought of improving the bulletproof performance by increasing the areal density is broken through, the problem of contradiction between the low areal density and the high bulletproof performance is effectively solved, and the armor structure is an important breakthrough in the field of transparent protective armor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bulletproof, in particular to a light bulletproof armor composite structure containing transparent aerogel.
Background
The prior bulletproof transparent armor has a structure of a multi-layer inorganic glass/polycarbonate composite structure, has good bulletproof performance and optical performance, and is widely applied to bank glass, high-grade automobiles, armored vehicles, ships and warships and the like. With the increasing progress of scientific technology, higher requirements are put on the protective performance of the existing armor, and the ballistic resistance of the existing transparent bulletproof armor is improved mainly by increasing the number of layers and the thickness (namely the areal density) of the transparent armor so as to improve the destructive energy absorption effect of the transparent armor in the process of penetration of the armor, for example, the areal density of the transparent armor for preventing 12.7-caliber penetration fire-fighting bomb reaches 200kg/m 2 Although the overall mass of the armor is too heavy, the protection efficiency of the weapon equipment is improved, the protection of the overweight armor is not beneficial to the maneuverability of the battle and the improvement of the overall battle efficiency, and therefore, the development of the novel light transparent composite armor with high anti-elasticity performance is an effective way for solving the contradiction.
The porous material has the characteristics of good energy absorption characteristic, capability of effectively attenuating stress waves and the like, and is widely applied to the bulletproof armor with the laminated structure. The aerogel is a low-density material with a nano porous net structure, the porosity of the aerogel is as high as 80-90%, the size range of the holes is 1-100nm, and the aerogel has extremely low contribution ratio to the mass of the bulletproof armor and can be even approximately ignored when being applied to the bulletproof armor. The aerogel as a novel kinetic energy absorption material shows a favorable application prospect in the fields of impact resistance, penetration resistance and the like, and related researches show that the aerogel in an aerogel/aluminum alloy composite structure has a good energy absorption effect and can remarkably improve the anti-elasticity performance of the protective armor. The transparent aerogel has the unique comprehensive advantages of visible light transmittance, high chemical stability, high thermal stability and the like, and is expected to be designed with other materials through a laminated structure to manufacture a light high-performance transparent protective armor, but related reports of a bulletproof transparent armor composite structure based on the aerogel as an energy absorption layer are few at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the background, the invention provides a light bulletproof transparent armor composite structure containing transparent aerogel, which applies the aerogel with light weight, high transparency and good energy absorption effect to the development of bulletproof transparent armor, obviously improves the energy absorption efficiency of the bulletproof transparent armor composite structure at low areal density, effectively solves the problem of contradiction between low areal density and high bulletproof performance, and improves the bulletproof performance of the whole structure.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a light bulletproof armor composite structure who contains transparent aerogel, is including the protective layer and the individual layer back of the body bullet layer that have multilayer structure, the lateral surface of protective layer is for meeting the bullet face, the medial surface of protective layer with the lateral surface on back of the body bullet layer is compound, the multilayer structure of protective layer includes transparent aerogel layer, transparent crystal layer and inorganic glass layer.
Furthermore, the multilayer structure of the protective layer is sequentially a transparent aerogel layer, a transparent crystal layer and an inorganic glass layer from the bullet-facing surface to the inside or sequentially the transparent crystal layer, the inorganic glass layer, the transparent aerogel layer and the inorganic glass layer.
Further, the inorganic glass layer is a single layer or multiple layers of inorganic glass.
Furthermore, the overall thickness of the multilayer inorganic glass is 5-50 mm, and the thickness of the single-layer inorganic glass is 2-16 mm.
Further, transparent aerogel layer is for having the highly transparent aerogel of nanometer porous structure, and thickness is 1 ~20 mm.
Further, the transparent aerogel layer is transparent silica aerogel.
Further, the transparent crystal layer is a single/multilayer whole piece or a multi-piece splicing structure of one of magnesium aluminate spinel, aluminum oxynitride and sapphire single crystal transparent ceramics or single/multilayer inorganic glass.
Further, the thickness of the transparent crystal layer is 3-15 mm.
Furthermore, the back elastic layer is made of transparent high polymer materials such as polycarbonate, polyimide and polyvinyl chloride, and the thickness of the back elastic layer is 3-20 mm.
Further, transparent films are respectively placed between the protective layer and the back elastic layer and between the layers of the multilayer structure of the protective layer, and after the layers are laminated, lamination is carried out through a vacuum hot-pressing composite technology.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the armor structure compounded by the nano porous aerogel with extremely low density and high specific surface area, the high-strength transparent crystal and the inorganic glass is innovatively provided, in the process of being impacted by a projectile, the energy absorption efficiency is greatly improved through the combination of a new structure of enhancing the attenuation of stress waves and crushing high-strength ceramics by the nano porous aerogel, the traditional design thought of improving the bulletproof performance by increasing the areal density is broken through, the problem of the contradiction between the low areal density and the high bulletproof performance is effectively solved, and the armor structure is an important breakthrough in the field of transparent protective armor; based on the light and high-transparency porous aerogel, the light bulletproof transparent composite armor structure containing the transparent aerogel is designed and prepared, and the density of the light bulletproof transparent composite armor structure is reduced by at least 30% compared with that of the traditional inorganic glass bulletproof composite armor under the same protection efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall view of a lightweight ballistic transparent armor composite structure with an aerogel of the invention as a face layer;
FIG. 2 is a schematic overall view of a lightweight ballistic transparent armor composite structure with an aerogel of the invention sandwiched between layers;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a large-sized transparent crystal layer formed by splicing small-sized transparent crystals according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is an overall schematic view of a lightweight ballistic transparent armor composite structure of the invention comprising a transparent crystalline mosaic.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments:
the invention provides a light bulletproof armor composite structure containing transparent aerogel, which comprises a protective layer with a multilayer structure and a single-layer back bullet layer, wherein the outer side surface of the protective layer is a bullet-facing surface, and the inner side surface of the protective layer is compounded with the outer side surface of the back bullet layer; the multilayer structure of the protective layer is sequentially a transparent aerogel layer, a transparent crystal layer and an inorganic glass layer from the bullet-facing surface to the inside or sequentially the transparent crystal layer, the inorganic glass layer, the transparent aerogel layer and the inorganic glass layer; wherein the inorganic glass layer is a single layer or a plurality of layers of inorganic glass; the transparent crystal layer is a single/multilayer whole piece or a multi-piece splicing structure of one of magnesium aluminate spinel, aluminum oxynitride and sapphire single crystal transparent ceramics or single/multilayer inorganic glass. The back elastic layer is made of transparent high polymer materials such as polycarbonate, polyimide and polyvinyl chloride, and the thickness of the back elastic layer is 3-20 mm. The specific embodiment is as follows:
example 1:
referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment is illustrated, and a light bulletproof transparent armor composite structure containing transparent aerogel, the structure of the protective layer is as follows:
the bullet-facing surface adopts transparent silica aerogel (transparent aerogel layer 1) with the thickness of 8mm, and the transparent silica aerogel is stacked on a single-layer whole sapphire single crystal (transparent crystal layer 2) with the thickness of 7 mm;
the single-layer whole sapphire single crystal (transparent crystal layer 2) is internally provided with an inorganic glass layer 3 with the thickness of 8mm, 6mm and 5 mm;
the single-layer back elastic layer at the bottommost layer is a polycarbonate plate 4 with the thickness of 12 mm;
transparent films with the thickness of 0.8mm are respectively placed between the materials of each layer, and after the layers are laminated, the layers are laminated by a vacuum hot-pressing composite technology to form the light bulletproof armor composite structure containing the transparent aerogel.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 2, the embodiment is described, and a light bulletproof transparent armor composite structure containing transparent aerogel, the structure of the protective layer is as follows:
the transparent crystal layer 2 adopted by the bullet-facing surface is a single-layer whole piece of transparent AlON ceramic with the thickness of 6 mm;
stacking the transparent crystal layer 2 on an inorganic glass 301 with the thickness of 6mm, and stacking a transparent silicon dioxide aerogel (transparent aerogel layer 1) with the thickness of 6mm and the aperture range of 10-100 nm below the transparent crystal layer;
the single-layer back elastic layer at the bottommost layer is a polycarbonate plate 4 with the thickness of 12 mm;
transparent films with the thickness of 0.8mm are respectively placed between the materials of each layer, and after the layers are laminated, the layers are compounded by a vacuum hot-pressing compounding technology to form a light bulletproof armor composite structure containing transparent aerogel.
Example 3:
referring to fig. 3 and 4, the embodiment is described, and a light bulletproof transparent armor composite structure containing transparent aerogel, the structure of the protective layer is as follows:
the bullet-facing surface adopts transparent silica aerogel (transparent aerogel layer 1) with the thickness of 10mm and the aperture range of 10-100 nm, a spliced sapphire (transparent crystal layer 2) formed by splicing a plurality of sapphire single crystals through transparent glue is placed below the bullet-facing surface, the plane size of a single sapphire single crystal is 50mm multiplied by 50mm, the thickness of the single sapphire single crystal is 6mm, and the splicing mode is shown in figure 3;
the single-layer back elastic layer at the bottommost layer is a polycarbonate plate 4 with the thickness of 10 mm;
transparent films with the thickness of 0.8mm are respectively placed among the materials of each layer, and after the layers are laminated, the layers are compounded by a vacuum hot-pressing compounding technology, so that the light bulletproof armor composite structure containing the transparent aerogel.
In the present invention, to better demonstrate the advantages of the present invention in low areal density (lightweight) high ballistic resistance, comparative example 1 was constructed: the 6mm thick transparent aerogel layer (1) in example 2 was replaced with 10mm thick inorganic glass, and interlayer lamination was performed by the same vacuum hot press lamination technique.
The areal densities of examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 were compared, and the areal densities of examples 1 to 3 were 92.5kg/m 2 ，77.5kg/m 2 And 96.5kg/m 2 Comparative example 1 has an areal density of 100.5kg/m 2 。
Ballistic impact tests were carried out on examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1, using 12g of pointed bullets, with bullet speeds of 490m/s and 850m/s, respectively, giving the results of Table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, the bulletproof composite structure of the present invention has a smaller areal density compared to comparative example 1, especially, the areal density of example 2 is reduced by more than 20% compared to example 1, but has a higher bulletproof performance, mainly because, compared to comparative example 1, the energy absorption performance of the target is effectively improved by the new structural combination of the nano-porous aerogel enhanced stress wave attenuation and the high-strength ceramic crushing in the process of being impacted by the projectile in examples 1 to 3.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The light bulletproof armor composite structure containing transparent aerogel is characterized by comprising a protective layer and a single-layer back bullet layer, wherein the protective layer is of a multilayer structure, the outer side surface of the protective layer is a bullet-facing surface, the inner side surface of the protective layer is compounded with the outer side surface of the back bullet layer, and the multilayer structure of the protective layer comprises a transparent aerogel layer, a transparent crystal layer and an inorganic glass layer;
the multilayer structure of protective layer inwards is transparent aerogel layer, transparent crystal layer, inorganic glass layer from the bullet-facing in proper order, transparent aerogel layer is the high transparent aerogel for having nanometer porous structure, transparent aerogel layer is 8~20 mm's transparent silica aerogel for thickness.
2. The light weight ballistic armor composite structure comprising transparent aerogel according to claim 1, wherein said inorganic glass layer is a single or multiple layer of inorganic glass.
3. The light bulletproof armor composite structure containing transparent aerogel according to claim 2, wherein the overall thickness of the multilayer inorganic glass is 5-50 mm, and the thickness of the single layer inorganic glass is 2-16 mm.
4. The light weight ballistic armor composite structure comprising transparent aerogels according to claim 1, wherein the transparent crystalline layer is a single/multilayer monolith of one of magnesia alumina spinel, aluminum oxynitride and sapphire single crystal transparent ceramic; or the transparent crystal layer is a multi-block splicing structure of one of magnesium aluminate spinel, aluminum oxynitride and sapphire single crystal transparent ceramics or single/multilayer inorganic glass.
5. The light bulletproof armor composite structure containing transparent aerogel according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the transparent crystal layer is 3-15 mm.
6. The light bulletproof armor composite structure containing transparent aerogel according to claim 1, wherein the backface elastic layer is made of a transparent polymer material selected from polycarbonate, polyimide and polyvinyl chloride, and the thickness of the backface elastic layer is 3-20 mm.
7. The light bulletproof armor composite structure containing transparent aerogel according to claim 1, wherein transparent films are respectively placed between the protective layer and the backface elastic layer and between the layers of the multilayer structure of the protective layer, and after the layers are laminated, the layers are laminated by a vacuum hot pressing composite technology.
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| CN111620685B (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2023-01-03 | 上海伟星光学有限公司 | Bulletproof polyurethane composite lens made of magnesia-alumina spinel transparent ceramic |
| CN111521066A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-08-11 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十三研究所 | Light double-waveband transparent armor and preparation method thereof |
| CN112590327A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-02 | 南京工程学院 | Ti/B4Preparation method of C ceramic and aluminum pyramid structure layer combined layered armor and pyramid structure layer |
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