CN111004618B - Acidification diversion agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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- CN111004618B CN111004618B CN201911378341.1A CN201911378341A CN111004618B CN 111004618 B CN111004618 B CN 111004618B CN 201911378341 A CN201911378341 A CN 201911378341A CN 111004618 B CN111004618 B CN 111004618B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an acidification diversion agent, which comprises 90-100 parts of synthetic polymer and 5-10 parts of surfactant, wherein the synthetic polymer is formed by polymerizing an acrylamide compound monomer and a propylene ammonium chloride compound monomer, and the surfactant is one or a combination of two of lauryl sodium sulfate and tetradecyl sodium sulfate. The acidification diversion agent provided by the invention is simple in composition and preparation method, low in product cost, and has the obvious advantages of small addition amount, good temperature resistance and the like in the construction process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the petrochemical technology, and particularly relates to an acidification diverter, a preparation method thereof and a diverting acid containing the acidification diverter.
Background
Since Chinese became the world of petroleum import in 1993, the import of petroleum has increased at a rate of 1000 ten thousand tons per year, and in 2000, the total amount of imported petroleum in China reaches 7073 thousand tons, which has become a large country of petroleum import. The large amount of imported petroleum for a long time not only causes heavy economic burden to the country, but also influences the national safety. In order to meet the requirements of rapid economic development and improvement of the living standard of people and national defense safety on crude oil, the exploration and development of petroleum and natural gas must be increased.
Acidification of carbonate reservoirs in oil fields is one of indispensable yield-increasing measures in the oil field development process, and mainly aims at removing pollution in a well-entering zone and dredging a new channel, so that damage to the zone close to the well is removed, and the yield of an oil well and the injection capacity of the water well are improved. However, due to the heterogeneity of the carbonate reservoir, the conventional acid solution preferentially enters a high permeable formation with less pollution, so that the effect of acidizing treatment cannot be achieved, and even if the carbonate reservoir is homogeneous, all layers of the carbonate reservoir have uneven reaction with the acid solution, so that the acidizing treatment of the carbonate reservoir is more difficult than sandstone. The addition of an acidification diverter-temporary plugging agent is a more applicable method for the purposes of increasing the coverage rate of acid liquor in the stratum and multi-layer acidification. The acidification diverter is added to ensure that the permeability of each layer of the oil well is nearly consistent, and acid liquor can enter the stratum to be acidified, thereby achieving the effect of full well acidification.
The action principle of the acidification diverter is as follows: in the acidification process, according to the principle of lowest flow resistance, acid liquor mainly enters a crack and a high-permeability layer, a large pore channel is a main water producing layer, acidification is not needed, excessive acid liquor entering is easy to cause secondary damage, and acid liquor entering of a medium-low permeability layer is less or cannot enter at all. In order to solve the contradiction and achieve the aim of uniformly distributing acid at each layer, the acid liquid diverting agent is injected in the acidification process, the acid liquid diverting agent which preferentially enters the high permeable layer temporarily blocks the high permeable layer, so that the permeability of different layers is nearly equal, and the acid liquid injected subsequently uniformly enters each oil layer, thereby improving the acidification effect.
Currently, common acidizing diverting agents include foam diverting acids, polymer diverting acids, and viscoelastic surfactants diverting acids, with different diverting agents having different mechanisms for temporarily plugging the formation. The foam is changed to acid, a foaming agent is added into a conventional acid liquid system, and the foaming agent is mixed with gas through a foam generator to form a dispersion system, wherein the acid is a continuous phase, and the gas is a dispersed phase. The stability of the foam acid directly affects its acidification effect. In oil-wet rock, the destructive effect of oil on the foam is very large and the foam is less effective when the temperature reaches 93 ℃.
The viscoelastic surfactant self-diverting acid mainly comprises a viscoelastic surfactant, a corrosion inhibitor and an iron ion stabilizer, controls the diversion of acid liquor by utilizing the change of pH value, and has a self-diverting function. However, a large amount of surfactant is required to be added into the viscoelastic surfactant self-diverting acid, and the surfactant belongs to low molecular substances, so that the problems of relatively high cost, unsatisfactory temperature resistance and the like exist.
The polymer diverting acid generally consists of an acid soluble polymer, a pH buffer, a crosslinking agent, and a depolymerizing agent. The polymer is converted to acid by adjusting the pH value of a system, so that the polymer and the cross-linking agent are subjected to cross-linking reaction to form fluid with high viscosity, and thus unreacted acid can be converted to a medium-low permeable layer without acidification and a deep stratum, but the polymer has the defects of narrow pH value range for forming high-viscosity jelly, difficulty in gel breaking, great damage to the stratum, generation of precipitates of the metal cross-linking agent in a high-temperature or sulfur-containing well, formation of secondary damage and the like.
As an acidification diverting agent, the acidification diverting agent is convenient to inject and can play a temporary blocking role on a high permeable layer; and secondly, after the acid liquid steering action is finished, temporary plugging on the stratum can be automatically removed, and secondary damage to the stratum is not caused. As can be seen from the above background analysis, the existing various acidification diversion agents have their own disadvantages, so it is necessary to develop an acidification diversion agent with good effect and low production cost, and it is a subject that the technicians in this field are continuously researching.
Patent document CN200510044928.0 discloses a high-temperature acidification diverter and a preparation method thereof, wherein the acidification diverter is formed by copolymerizing acrylamide, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid monomer and polyoxyethylene diacrylate with a certain concentration in a certain proportion under the action of an initiator to form a polymer with a cross-linked structure, and the prepared polymer has the reversible expansion characteristic in high-temperature acid liquid: the diverting agent can block a high permeable layer or a crack through water absorption expansion in the acid injection process; after the acid injection is finished, the cross-linking bond in the molecule of the diverting agent is destroyed due to the acidolysis of ester group, and the blockage is removed. However, the polyoxyethylene diacrylates are unstable in acid, affecting the overall stability of the acid diverter.
Patent document No. cn201110385338.x discloses an acidification diverter composition, which basically comprises: (A)40-50 wt% of additive for controlling the viscosity of the diverting acid, (B)48-60 wt% of cosolvent, (C)2-5 wt% of additive for adjusting the position of the peak viscosity of the diverting acid, and (D)0-5 wt% of additive for improving the temperature resistance. The viscosity of the diverting acid based on the composition is sensitive to the HCl concentration, the HCl concentration required to reach the peak viscosity can be adjusted, the viscosity can reach the maximum value under higher HCl concentration, then the viscosity is gradually reduced to be less than 10mPa & s along with the reduction of the HCl concentration, and the diverting acid can be back-drained without an additional gel breaker. However, the acidification diversion agent has more components, complex preparation method and higher cost.
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the acidification diversion agent, and compared with the prior art, the acidification diversion agent provided by the invention has the advantages of simple components, uncomplicated preparation method, lower product cost, small addition amount in the construction process, good temperature resistance and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
One object of the present invention is to provide an acidification diverter and a preparation method thereof, and another object of the present invention is to provide a diverting acid comprising the acidification diverter.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides an acidification diversion agent, which comprises 90-100 parts of synthetic polymer and 5-10 parts of surfactant, wherein the synthetic polymer is formed by polymerizing acrylamide compound monomers and propylene ammonium chloride compound monomers, and the surfactant is selected from one or a combination of more than two of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium tetradecyl sulfate.
Preferably, the synthetic polymer has the structure shown in formula I:
wherein R is1、R2、R3、R5Independently selected from-H, C1-3Straight/branched alkyl; r4Independently selected from C12-18A linear alkyl group; r6Is selected from
". cndot.. cndot." in formula I represents a combination of three polymer monomers as shown above.
Preferred R1、R2And R3Is selected from-H, R5Is selected from-CH3，R4Is selected from-C18H37，R6Is selected from
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the structure of the synthetic polymer is as follows:
the synthetic polymer is prepared from monomers
Obtained by polymerization of an initiator, wherein the proportion x of the polymer monomer shown in the formula III is 93-98.5%, the proportion y of the polymer monomer shown in the formula IV is 0.5-2%, and the proportion z of the polymer monomer shown in the formula V is 1-5% in percentage by mol.
The initiator is selected from one or a combination of more than two of azodiisobutyramidine hydrochloride, ammonium persulfate/sodium bisulfite and potassium persulfate/sodium bisulfite; preferably, the initiator is selected from azobisisobutyramidine hydrochloride.
In the invention, the surfactant is selected from one or a combination of more than two of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium tetradecyl sulfate.
Preferably, the surfactant is selected from one or a combination of more than two of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium tetradecyl sulfate.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the surfactant in the acidification diversion agent is 5-10% of the mass of the polymer, and more preferably, the mass ratio of the surfactant is 5-7% of the mass of the polymer.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing an acidified diverting agent, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) dissolving polymer monomers of a formula III, a formula IV and a formula V in deionized water to obtain a mixed solution A;
(2) adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution A to 7.0-9.0 by using an alkaline regulator, adding an initiator at 45-55 ℃ to initiate polymerization reaction, and reacting for 4-6 hours to obtain a gel product;
(3) washing, drying and crushing the gel product to obtain a synthetic polymer;
(4) mixing the synthetic polymer and the surfactant according to a certain mass ratio, and sealing for later use.
Preferably, in the step (2), the pH of the mixed solution A is adjusted to 7.0-8.0, and the amount of the initiator added is 0.20-0.50% of the total amount of the polymerized monomers.
The alkaline regulator is one or the combination of more than two of sodium bicarbonate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, calcium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide, and preferably sodium hydroxide.
Preferably, the initiator in the step (2) is selected from one or a combination of more than two of azodiisobutyramidine hydrochloride, ammonium persulfate/sodium bisulfite and potassium persulfate/sodium bisulfite, and is preferably azodiisobutymidine hydrochloride.
Preferably, the gel product obtained in the step (3) is washed with ethanol for 3-5 times, dried at 40-60 ℃ for 20-24 hours and crushed. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dried powder is pulverized after being dried at 50 ℃ for 24 hours.
Preferably, in the step (4), the surfactant is one or a combination of more than two of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium tetradecyl sulfate, preferably sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the mass of the surfactant is 5-10% of the mass of the polymer, preferably 5% of the mass of the polymer.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a diverting acid, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 portions of hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 20%, 0.8 to 2.4 portions of acidification diversion agent, 1.5 to 4 portions of acidification corrosion inhibitor and 1 to 3 portions of iron ion stabilizer.
The invention has no special restriction on the acidification corrosion inhibitor, and can use the acidification corrosion inhibitor commonly used in the field, such as Mannich base corrosion inhibitor, imidazoline corrosion inhibitor, quinoline quaternary ammonium salt and the like.
The diverting acid prepared by the acidification diverting agent has the following beneficial effects: firstly, the raw materials for preparing the acidification diversion agent are easy to obtain and cheap, the preparation method is simple, complex preparation instruments are not needed, the preparation cost is low, and the large-scale production is easy to realize; secondly, the polymer in the acidification diversion agent contains a certain proportion of hydrophobic association monomer and tertiary amine pH response monomer besides acrylamide monomer, so that the prepared diversion acid belongs to hydrochloric acid concentration sensitive acid liquid, and the viscosity of the diversion acid is dependent on H in the system+When the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 5-10%, the viscosity reaches a peak value, so that the acid liquid is diverted; finally, the concentration of the acid is high when the viscosity of the diverting acid reaches the peak, the descending speed from the peak is slow, the acidification time of the acid liquor is prolonged, and the waste of the acid liquor is avoided.
Diverting acid prepared by using the acidification diverting agent prepared by the invention because the hydrophobic association block in the synthetic polymer is subjected to a large amount of H+The diverting acid is pumped into the formation with a lower initial viscosity due to the influence of the ions, and the frictional resistance is lower during the pumping process, thereby being beneficial to the injection of the diverting acid into the formation. The acid liquor firstly enters the high permeable layer in the stratum and reacts with the stratum minerals to reduce the concentration of the acid liquor in the system, H+The influence of ions on the hydrophobic association block in the polymer is weakened, and the pH response block and the surfactant generate electrostatic interaction, so that the viscosity of polymer fluid and the fluid of the high penetration layer are increasedThe flow resistance forces the membrane to turn to a medium-low permeable layer, i.e. the turning can be achieved without using a cross-linking agent. Furthermore, no additional cross-linking agent is needed, and secondary damage to the stratum caused by precipitation of the metal cross-linking agent in a high-temperature or sulfur-containing well is avoided. Compared with the traditional betaine surfactant acidification diverter, the acidification diverter prepared by the invention has the obvious advantages of small addition amount, good temperature resistance and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of acid viscosity
FIG. 2 is a transition diagram to acid high temperature rheology
FIG. 3 is a graphical representation of the IR spectrum of the polymer for acid diversion of preparation 1
FIG. 4 is a NMR chart of the polymer for acidification diversion of preparation example 1
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Required for preparation of the invention
The polymerized monomers are all available from Dougulong Chemicals, Inc.
Preparation example 1 preparation of synthetic Polymer
S1: sequentially dissolving 94% of a polymer monomer shown in a formula III, 1% of a polymer monomer shown in a formula IV and 5% of a polymer monomer shown in a formula V in deionized water according to molar percentage to obtain a mixed solution A;
s2: adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution A to 7.0 by using sodium hydroxide as an alkaline regulator, adding an initiator azodiisobutymidine hydrochloride to initiate polymerization reaction, wherein the dosage is 0.50 percent of the total mass of the polymer, and performing the polymerization reaction for 6 hours at 50 ℃ to obtain a gelatinous product;
s3: and (4) washing the gel product obtained in the step (S2) with ethanol for 3 times, drying for 24 hours at 50 ℃, and crushing to obtain the synthetic polymer.
The infrared spectrum of the polymer for acidification diversion obtained by the preparation method of preparation example 1 is characterized as shown in FIG. 3, wherein 3397cm-1Is an N-H bond stretching vibration absorption peak; 2919cm-1And 2859cm-1Is the stretching vibration absorption peak of methyl and methylene; 1687cm-1The peak is the absorption peak of C ═ O in the amide group by stretching vibration.
The nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum of the acidification diversion polymer obtained by the preparation method of the preparation example 1 is characterized as shown in figure 4, and the chemical shift in the nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum is similar to the ideal molecular structure.
Preparation example 2 preparation of synthetic Polymer
The synthetic polymer was prepared in the same manner as in preparation example 1 except that the molar ratios of the three polymer monomers in step S1 were different, i.e., 95.5% polymer monomer of formula III, 1.5% polymer monomer of formula IV and 3% polymer monomer of formula V.
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of acidified diverting Agents and diverting acids
10 parts of the synthetic polymer prepared in preparation example 1 and 0.5 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate are uniformly mixed to prepare the acidification diversion agent. 100 parts of 20% hydrochloric acid solution, 1.2 parts of acidification diversion agent, 1.5 parts of acidification corrosion inhibitor and 1 part of iron ion stabilizer are taken, stirred and mixed uniformly to obtain diversion acid.
Example 2 preparation of acidified diverting Agents and diverting acids
10 parts of the synthetic polymer prepared in preparation example 2 and 0.5 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate are uniformly mixed to prepare the acidification diversion agent. The process for preparing the diverting acid was the same as in example 1.
Effect example 1 detection of basic Performance parameters of acidized diverting agent
The basic performance detection of the acidification diversion agent comprises appearance shape and appearance requirements, and an acid liquor slow rate, initial apparent viscosity and a viscosity peak value of diversion acid prepared by the acidification diversion agent. The specific detection method comprises the following steps:
1. appearance character
According to a corresponding method given by the appearance evaluation in the industrial standards of SY/T5755-2016 cleanup additive performance evaluation method for fracture acidizing, and the like, the acidification diversion agent prepared in the example 1-2 is dissolved in water, 20-25mL of the acidification diversion agent is transferred into a colorimetric tube, and the phenomena of layering and precipitation are observed after shaking uniformly.
2. Acid fluid slow rate
The diverting acid has the effect of slowing acidification, can effectively slow down the reaction speed of acid rocks, and increases the action time and the effective action length of the acid liquor. According to the method for measuring the retardation rate of the diverting acid, referring to the specification of SY/T5886-2012 'retardation acid energy evaluation method', two pieces of artificial marble with the size of 2cm multiplied by 4cm are respectively used for measuring the acid rock reaction speed with the blank acid and the diverting acid at the temperature of 30 ℃. The diverting acid prepared in example 1-2 was dispensed into a reaction flask, and the mass M of the dried marble was weighed out separately using blank acid as a control0Putting the mixture into acid liquor, taking out a rock sample after reacting for 10 minutes, drying the rock sample, and accurately weighing the mass M after reacting1Calculating the blank acid reaction rate V1And a shifted acid reaction rate V2Through (V)1-V2)/V1The transition to sour slow rate was calculated.
3. Initial apparent viscosity
Lower initial viscosity of the working fluid is generally needed in a construction site of the diverting acid so as to be convenient for pumping and reduce construction difficulty. Preparing 500mL of diverting acid according to a diverting acid formula, putting the diverting acid into a 1L beaker, uniformly stirring, dissolving for 2 hours, and testing the acid solution at room temperature for 170s by using a six-speed rotational viscometer-1Apparent viscosity of (b).
4. Peak viscosity
And slowly and uniformly adding calcium carbonate into the beaker after the initial apparent viscosity detection is finished, controlling the foam not to overflow the beaker in the adding process, increasing the viscosity of the acid liquor along with the addition of the calcium carbonate, detecting the concentration of the hydrochloric acid and the viscosity of the acid liquor at the moment, and recording the viscosity peak value. Using a six-speed rotational viscometer at a shear rate of 170s-1The viscosity of the reaction solution was measured.
The test results are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 basic Property parameters of acidified steering Agents
From the comparison of the basic properties of the acidified diverting agents in the table above, it can be seen that the molar mass ratios of the three polymers in the synthetic polymer and the types of surfactants all have an effect on the properties of the diverting agents. From a comparison of examples 1 and 2, it can be seen that the polymer prepared with 94% polymer monomer of formula III, 1% polymer monomer of formula IV, 5% polymer monomer of formula V has a somewhat better overall evaluation of properties, but the initial viscosity is slightly higher.
Effect example 2 detection of diverting acid viscosity Curve by acidification of diverting agent preparation
Experimental groups: based on the experiment, 100 parts of 20% hydrochloric acid solution, 0.8 part of the acidification diversion agent prepared in example 1, 1.5 parts of acidification corrosion inhibitor and 1 part of iron ion stabilizer are uniformly stirred to obtain diversion acid 1. 100 parts of 20% hydrochloric acid solution, 1.2 parts of the acidification diversion agent prepared in example 1, 1.5 parts of acidification corrosion inhibitor and 1 part of iron ion stabilizer are uniformly stirred to obtain diversion acid 2.
Control group: a VES viscoelastic surfactant acidification diverter commonly used in an oilfield field, namely erucamidopropyl betaine, is prepared by uniformly stirring 100 parts of 20% hydrochloric acid solution, 3 parts of erucamidopropyl betaine acidification diverter, 1.5 parts of acidification corrosion inhibitor and 1 part of iron ion stabilizer to obtain a control diversion acid.
The method comprises the following steps: 500mL of diverting acid prepared by the experimental group and the control group is put into a 1L beaker, is evenly stirred and dissolved for 2 hours, and the acid solution is tested at room temperature for 170s by using a six-speed rotational viscometer-1Apparent viscosity of (b). And slowly and uniformly adding calcium carbonate into the beaker after the initial apparent viscosity detection is finished, controlling the foam not to overflow the beaker in the adding process, increasing the viscosity of the acid liquor along with the addition of the calcium carbonate, sampling and detecting the concentration of the hydrochloric acid and the viscosity of the acid liquor, and drawing a viscosity change curve. The results are shown in FIG. 1.
As can be seen from the diverted acid viscosity curve shown in fig. 1, the diverted acid prepared in the control group gradually increases in viscosity as the acid solution concentration decreases, and when the hydrochloric acid concentration is 10%, the viscosity is about 69mPa · s, which is much lower than that of the diverted acid prepared in the present application. The steering acid prepared by the method is in a viscosity increasing trend along with the decrease of the concentration of the hydrochloric acid at the beginning, and the viscosity is decreased along with the decrease of the concentration of the hydrochloric acid after the peak value is reached, so that the method is favorable for the subsequent flow-back of the steering acid liquid. It can also be seen from fig. 1 that different amounts of the acidifying diverting agent have an effect on the change in viscosity of the diverting acid, but do not affect the overall tendency to change. The diverting acid prepared by the acidification diverting agent prepared by the invention is sensitive to viscosity change along with the change of the concentration of hydrochloric acid. The viscosity is small in the initial stage, the construction is suitable, the viscosity increasing speed is high along with the reduction of the concentration of the hydrochloric acid, and the acid liquor turning is facilitated; after the viscosity reaches the peak, the viscosity is slowly reduced, so that the acid liquor is contacted with the stratum for a long time for acidification, and the effective utilization of the acid liquor is facilitated.
Effect example 3 high-temperature rheology test of diverting acid prepared by acidifying diverting agent
Experimental groups: based on the experiment, 100 parts of 20% hydrochloric acid solution, 1.2 parts of the acidification diversion agent prepared in example 1, 1.5 parts of the acidification corrosion inhibitor and 1 part of the iron ion stabilizer are uniformly stirred to obtain diversion acid.
The method comprises the following steps: placing 500mL of diverting acid prepared by an experimental group and a control group into a 1L beaker, uniformly stirring, dissolving for 2 hours, consuming hydrochloric acid by using calcium carbonate to obtain residual acid liquid, and shearing at the temperature of 140 ℃ and the shear rate of 170s by using a rheometer on the residual acid liquid-1Next, the viscosity was measured. The results are shown in FIG. 2.
According to the high-temperature rheologic diagram of the steering residual acid shown in fig. 2, even at 140 ℃, the steering acid liquid still has the viscosity of more than 100mPa · s, and the steering acid liquid in the high-temperature stratum can be subjected to steering diversion.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An acidification diverting agent comprises 90-100 parts of synthetic polymer and 5-10 parts of surfactant, wherein the synthetic polymer is formed by polymerizing acrylamide compound monomers and propylene ammonium chloride compound monomers, and the surfactant is selected from one or the combination of more than two of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium tetradecyl sulfate;
the structure of the synthetic polymer is shown below:
x, y and z respectively represent the proportion of three polymer monomers, wherein x is selected from 93-98.5%, y is selected from 0.5-2%, and z is selected from 1-5%.
2. The acidification diversion agent of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the surfactant in the acidification diversion agent is 5-10% of the mass of the polymer.
3. A method of making the acidified diverting agent of claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) polymerizing the polymer monomer
Dissolving in deionized water to obtain mixed solution A, wherein the proportion of the polymer monomer in the formula III is 93-98.5%, the proportion of the polymer monomer in the formula IV is 0.5-2%, and the proportion of the polymer monomer in the formula V is 1-5% by mol percentage;
(2) adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution A to 7.0-9.0 by using an alkaline regulator, adding an initiator at 45-55 ℃ to initiate polymerization reaction, and reacting for 4-6 hours to obtain a gel product;
(3) washing, drying and crushing the gel product to obtain a synthetic polymer;
(4) mixing the synthetic polymer and the surfactant according to a certain mass ratio, and sealing for later use.
4. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein the pH of the mixed solution A is adjusted to 7.0-8.0 in the step (2), the initiator is added in an amount of 0.20-0.50% based on the total amount of the polymerization monomers, and the initiator is selected from one or a combination of two or more of azobisisobutyramidine hydrochloride, ammonium persulfate/sodium bisulfite, and potassium persulfate/sodium bisulfite; the alkaline regulator is one or the combination of more than two of sodium bicarbonate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, calcium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide;
and (3) washing the obtained gel product with ethanol for 3-5 times, drying at 40-60 ℃ for 20-24 hours, and crushing.
5. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the alkaline regulator is sodium hydroxide, and the initiator is preferably azodiisobutyramidine hydrochloride; and (3) drying the obtained gel product at 50 ℃ for 24 hours, and crushing.
6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the surfactant in step (4) is preferably sodium lauryl sulfate, and the mass of the surfactant is 5% of the mass of the polymer.
7. The diverting acid comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100-200 parts of 20% hydrochloric acid solution, 0.8-2.4 parts of acidification diversion agent as described in any one of claims 1-2, 1.5-4 parts of acidification corrosion inhibitor and 1-3 parts of iron ion stabilizer.
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