CN111002870B - Active balance control method of new energy vehicle BMS system - Google Patents

Active balance control method of new energy vehicle BMS system Download PDF

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CN111002870B
CN111002870B CN201911320900.3A CN201911320900A CN111002870B CN 111002870 B CN111002870 B CN 111002870B CN 201911320900 A CN201911320900 A CN 201911320900A CN 111002870 B CN111002870 B CN 111002870B
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current
equalization
equalizing
command
voltage
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CN111002870A (en
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康锦辉
何衡
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Zhongshan Huaye New Energy Co ltd
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Zhongshan Huaye New Energy Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an active equalization control method of a BMS (Battery management System) of a new energy vehicle, belonging to the BMS field, wherein the BMS comprises a slave control module and a master control module, the slave control module is electrically connected with a battery pack, and the active equalization control method specifically comprises the following steps: before receiving no balancing command, the battery pack of the BMS system is separated from the balancing circuit, and the voltage at two ends of the sampling resistor is recorded as V1; if an effective equalization command is received, the slave control module selects the corresponding single battery according to the equalization command and controls the single battery to be charged/discharged in an equalization mode; collecting voltage V2 at two ends of the sampling resistor, and calculating balanced current according to the voltage V1 and the voltage V2; and judging whether the equalizing current is overloaded or not, namely judging whether the numerical value and the current direction of the equalizing current accord with the set values or not, if not, determining that the equalizing condition is wrong and the equalizing command is invalid, and otherwise, carrying out PID (proportion integration differentiation) adjustment on the equalizing current. The invention realizes the safe, efficient and accurate control of active equalization by carrying out PID adjustment on the equalization current.

Description

Active equalization control method of new energy vehicle BMS system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of BMS, in particular to an active balance control method of a BMS system of a new energy vehicle.
Background
The Battery Management System (BMS) of an electric vehicle, which is widely used at present, generally includes a plurality of battery parameter sensing units (MMUs) directly connected to a battery pack or a battery cell, and a previous layer of a general battery management unit (i.e., a BCU module). The battery system for balancing multiple series connection has two traditional passive balancing and active balancing modes. The active equalization is performed in an electric quantity transfer manner, so that the efficiency is high, the loss is small, and the active equalization is increasingly adopted by the market. The existing BMS active equalization circuit has insufficient performance of accurately adjusting the equalization current.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an active equalization control method of a BMS system of a new energy vehicle, which solves the problem that the BMS active equalization circuit in the prior art is insufficient in accurate adjustment performance of equalization current.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
an active equalization control method of a BMS system of a new energy vehicle comprises a slave control module and a master control module, wherein the slave control module is electrically connected with a battery pack, and the active equalization control method specifically comprises the following steps:
before receiving no balancing command, the battery pack of the BMS system is separated from the balancing circuit, and the voltage at two ends of the sampling resistor is recorded as V1;
if a valid equalization command is received, the slave control module selects the corresponding single battery according to the equalization command and controls the single battery to be charged/discharged in an equalization mode;
acquiring the balance voltage V2 of the single battery, and calculating balance current according to the voltage V1 and the voltage V2;
and judging whether the equalizing current is overloaded or not, namely judging whether the numerical value and the current direction of the equalizing current accord with the set values or not, if not, determining that the equalizing condition is wrong and the equalizing command is invalid, and otherwise, carrying out PID (proportion integration differentiation) adjustment on the equalizing current.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, before receiving no equalization command, the battery pack of the BMS system is disconnected from the equalization circuit, and the step of marking V1 across the sampling resistor specifically includes
The slave control module comprises an MCU, a DC/DC conversion circuit and a decoding circuit, wherein the DC/DC conversion circuit charges and discharges single batteries of which the battery pack needs to be charged and discharged through the decoding circuit, and the MCU outputs a PWM signal to control the switch of the DC/DC conversion circuit; if the MCU does not receive the balancing command transmitted by the main control module or the upper computer, the PWM signal output is closed, and the DC/DC conversion is stopped;
the output of the decoding circuit is closed, and the charging and discharging of any single battery are stopped when the output level of the decoding circuit is high;
and separating the single battery from the equalizing circuit, and collecting the voltage at two ends of the sampling resistor when no equalizing current exists, and recording the voltage as V1.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, receiving a valid equalization command specifically includes
Receiving an equalization command sent by the master control module or the upper computer from the slave control module, wherein the equalization command comprises a battery mark, an equalization mode and an equalization current;
and checking and judging the equalization condition, judging whether the internal CAN communication is disconnected or the equalized battery voltage acquisition line is disconnected or the equalized charged battery voltage is greater than a set threshold or the equalized discharged battery voltage is less than the set threshold, and if any one of the conditions occurs, determining that the equalization cannot be performed.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the slave control module selects the corresponding single battery according to the balancing command, and controls the balancing charging/discharging of the single battery specifically including:
switching the anode and the cathode of the corresponding single battery according to the battery mark in the balancing command, so that the anode of the single battery is connected with the anode of the DC/DC conversion circuit;
the MCU outputs a signal to the decoding circuit according to the balancing command, and selects the single battery needing balancing;
the MCU outputs one path of PWM signal to control the conduction of the DC/DC conversion circuit and the single battery according to a charging or discharging command;
and if the current discharging PWM duty ratio value is in equalizing discharge, initially setting the current discharging PWM duty ratio value to be 90%, and if the current discharging PWM duty ratio value is in equalizing charge, initially setting the current discharging PWM duty ratio value to be 10%.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the slave control module selects the corresponding unit cell according to the equalization command, and controls the time interval between each step of the equalization charge/discharge thereof to be 500ms.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the collecting the equalizing voltage V2 of the single battery, and calculating the equalizing current according to the voltage V1 and the voltage V2 specifically includes
Resetting an equalizing current acquisition variable to prepare for calculating equalizing current;
acquiring the balance voltage V2, and calculating to obtain balance current through a formula, wherein the calculation formula is as follows: equalizing current = (V2-V1)/(50 × 0.008).
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of determining whether the equalizing current is overloaded, that is, determining whether the magnitude and the current direction of the equalizing current meet the setting, if not, determining that the equalizing condition is faulty, and the equalizing command is invalid, otherwise, performing PID adjustment on the equalizing current specifically includes the step of determining whether the equalizing current is overloaded or not
Judging whether the equalizing current is overloaded, namely whether the current equalizing current is large or small and the direction of the equalizing current to be executed is consistent with the current equalizing current direction, and determining that the equalizing condition is wrong when the equalizing current is larger than 5A; when the direction of the current to be balanced is inconsistent with the current direction of the current to be balanced, determining that the balancing condition is wrong; the equalization command is invalid;
when the equalization condition is normal, continuously collecting equalization current values, carrying out PID adjustment on the equalization current, outputting a target equalization current value, and executing the step until the equalization command caused by the error of the equalization condition is invalid.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: through carrying out PID to the equalizing current, realize the balanced safe, high-efficient, accurate control of initiative to can prevent equalizing current overload, the equalizing current of protection battery cell is in setting for the scope, avoids causing the harm to the battery cell.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a circuit schematic of a DC/DC conversion circuit and a decoding circuit of a slave control module;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of the MCU of the slave module;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of an active equalization control method of a BMS system for a new energy vehicle according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "vertical", "upper", "lower", "horizontal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3, the present invention provides an active balancing control method for a BMS system of a new energy vehicle, the BMS system including a slave control module and a master control module, the slave control module being electrically connected to a battery pack, an active balancing circuit diagram of the slave control module being shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, and specifically including the following steps:
before the balancing command is not received, the battery pack of the BMS system is separated from the balancing circuit, and the voltage at two ends of the sampling resistor is recorded as V1;
if an effective equalization command is received, the slave control module selects the corresponding single battery according to the equalization command and controls the single battery to be charged/discharged in an equalization mode;
collecting voltages V2 at two ends of the sampling resistor, and calculating an equalizing current according to the voltages V1 and V2;
and judging whether the equalizing current is overloaded or not, namely judging whether the numerical value and the current direction of the equalizing current accord with the set values or not, if not, determining that the equalizing condition is wrong and the equalizing command is invalid, and otherwise, carrying out PID (proportion integration differentiation) adjustment on the equalizing current.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, before receiving no equalization command, the battery pack of the BMS system is disengaged from the equalization circuit, and recording the voltage across the sampling resistor as V1 specifically includes
The slave control module comprises an MCU, a DC/DC conversion circuit and a decoding circuit, wherein the DC/DC conversion circuit charges and discharges single batteries of which the battery pack needs to be charged and discharged through the decoding circuit, and the MCU outputs PWM signals to control the switch of the DC/DC conversion circuit; if the MCU does not receive the balancing command transmitted by the main control module or the upper computer, the PWM signal output is closed, and the DC/DC conversion is stopped; i.e. the PWM _ OFF phase, in which the MCU turns OFF its two PWM outputs and DC \ DC conversion stops.
Closing the output of the decoding circuit, and stopping charging and discharging any single battery when the output level of the decoding circuit is high; i.e. IO _ OFF1 phase, in this phase, the output of the HC138 decoding circuit is turned OFF 74, and the level is high, i.e. none of the cells is selected for charging and discharging.
And separating the single battery from the equalizing circuit, and collecting the voltage at two ends of the sampling resistor R150 when no equalizing current exists, and recording the voltage as V1. I.e., IO _ OFF2 phase, at which the MOS channel is turned OFF, leaving the cells out of the equalization circuit. The voltage across the sampling resistor R150 when there is no equalizing current is calculated and recorded as V1. If a valid equalization command (equalization cell number and equalization current, equalization mode) is received, the next step can be performed, otherwise, the next equalization action is not executed until the step.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, receiving a valid equalization command specifically includes
Receiving an equalization command sent by the master control module or the upper computer from the slave control module, wherein the equalization command comprises a battery mark (a battery number), an equalization mode and an equalization current (a positive number is charging, and a negative number is discharging);
and checking and judging an equalization condition, judging whether the internal CAN communication is disconnected or a balanced battery voltage acquisition line falls off or the voltage of a balanced charged battery is more than 3800mv or the voltage of a balanced discharged battery is less than 2800mv, and if any one of the conditions occurs, determining that the equalization cannot be performed. And carrying out overvoltage protection on the single battery.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the slave control module selects the corresponding single battery according to the balancing command, and controls the balancing charging/discharging of the single battery specifically includes
Switching the anode and the cathode of the corresponding single battery according to the battery mark in the balancing command, so that the anode of the single battery is connected with the anode of the DC/DC conversion circuit; and in the stage of IO _ ON1, because the batteries are connected in series, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery are correctly switched to the channel of the DC/DC circuit according to the parity of the serial number of the battery, and the positive electrode of the single battery is ensured to be always connected with the positive electrode of the DC/DC circuit.
The delay time is 500ms and the next stage is entered.
The MCU outputs signals to the decoding circuit according to the equalization command, and selects the single batteries needing equalization; in the stage, the MCU outputs a signal to the decoding circuit to select the battery to be balanced according to the balancing command, and the charging and discharging circuit of the corresponding battery is not turned ON at the moment because all the MOS tubes are in the off state.
Delaying for 500ms and entering the next stage.
The MCU outputs a PWM signal to control the conduction of a channel between the DC/DC conversion circuit and the single battery; namely an EN _ BALANCE _ H stage, in the stage, the MCU outputs an EN _ BLANCE signal to supply power to the optocoupler device, so that the grid electrode of the MOS tube is connected with voltage, and at the moment, the battery to be balanced is communicated with the DC/DC circuit.
In order to prevent burning out the MOS, the next stage is entered after delaying for 500ms.
And if the current discharging PWM duty ratio value is in equalizing discharge, initially setting the current discharging PWM duty ratio value to be 90%, and if the current discharging PWM duty ratio value is in equalizing charge, initially setting the current discharging PWM duty ratio value to be 10%. Namely a PWM _ INI stage, in the stage, the MCU outputs a PWM waveform to a corresponding charging or discharging switching tube, and the DC/DC circuit starts to work.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the slave control module selects the corresponding unit cell according to the equalization command, and controls the time interval between each step of the equalization charge/discharge thereof to be 500ms.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of collecting the balancing voltage V2 of the single battery and calculating the balancing current according to the voltage V1 and the voltage V2 specifically comprises
Resetting an equalization current acquisition variable to prepare for calculating equalization current; i.e., SAMPLE _ START phase, during which the equalization current collection variable is reset in preparation for calculating the equalization current.
Acquiring the equalizing voltage V2, and calculating to obtain the equalizing current through a formula, wherein the calculation formula is as follows: equalizing current = (V2-V1)/(50 x 0.008). I.e., PI _ CONTROL phase.
Judging whether the equalizing current is overloaded, namely whether the current equalizing current is large or small and the direction of the equalizing current to be executed is consistent with the current equalizing current direction, and determining that the equalizing condition is wrong when the equalizing current is larger than 5A; when the direction of the current to be balanced is inconsistent with the current direction of the current to be balanced, determining that the balancing condition is wrong; the equalization command is invalid;
and when the balance condition is normal, continuously collecting a balance current value, carrying out PID (proportion integration differentiation) adjustment on the balance current, outputting a target balance current value, and executing the step until the balance command caused by the error of the balance condition is invalid.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the target balance current is controllable and adjustable, can be set between 0 and 3A at will, and the error rate of the balance current is controlled to be less than 5 percent.
2. And equalizing the overvoltage protection of the single battery in the charging process. The DC/DC circuit stops outputting the equalization current as soon as the overvoltage is detected.
3. Reasonable operation steps are carried out, the balance channels among the single batteries are safely switched, and the MOS power tubes in the charge and discharge channels are effectively prevented from being burnt due to improper control time sequence and interval time.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. An active equalization control method of a BMS system of a new energy vehicle, wherein the BMS system comprises a slave control module and a master control module, the slave control module is electrically connected with a battery pack, and the active equalization control method is characterized by specifically comprising the following steps: before receiving no equalizing command, the battery pack of the BMS system is separated from the equalizing circuit, the voltage at two ends of the sampling resistor is recorded as V1, and the method specifically comprises the following steps
The slave control module comprises an MCU, a DC/DC conversion circuit and a decoding circuit, wherein the DC/DC conversion circuit charges and discharges single batteries of which the battery pack needs to be charged and discharged through the decoding circuit, and the MCU outputs a PWM signal to control the switch of the DC/DC conversion circuit; if the MCU does not receive the balancing command transmitted by the main control module or the upper computer, the PWM signal output is closed, and the DC/DC conversion is stopped;
closing the output of the decoding circuit, and stopping charging and discharging any single battery when the output level of the decoding circuit is high; separating the single battery from the equalizing circuit, and collecting the voltage at two ends of the sampling resistor when no equalizing current exists, and marking the voltage as V1; receiving a balancing command sent by the main control module or the upper computer from the slave control module, wherein the balancing command comprises a battery mark, a balancing mode and a balancing current;
checking and judging an equalization condition, judging whether the internal CAN communication is disconnected or a equalized battery voltage acquisition line is disconnected or the equalized charged battery voltage is greater than a set threshold or the equalized discharged battery voltage is less than the set threshold, and if any one of the conditions occurs, determining that the equalization cannot be performed;
if a valid equalization command is received, the slave control module selects the corresponding single battery according to the equalization command and controls the single battery to be charged/discharged in an equalization manner,
collecting voltage V2 at two ends of the sampling resistor, and calculating balanced current according to the voltage V1 and the voltage V2;
judging whether the equalizing current is overloaded, namely judging whether the numerical value and the current direction of the equalizing current accord with the set values, if not, determining that the equalizing condition is wrong and the equalizing command is invalid, otherwise, carrying out PID (proportion integration differentiation) adjustment on the equalizing current, specifically judging whether the equalizing current is overloaded, namely whether the current equalizing current is in the same direction as the current equalizing current, and determining that the equalizing condition is wrong when the equalizing current is more than 5A; when the direction of the current to be balanced is inconsistent with the current direction of the current to be balanced, determining that the balancing condition is wrong; the equalization command is invalid; and when the balance condition is normal, continuously collecting a balance current value, carrying out PID (proportion integration differentiation) adjustment on the balance current, outputting a target balance current value, and executing the step until the balance command caused by the error of the balance condition is invalid.
2. The active equalization control method of the BMS system, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slave control module selects corresponding single battery according to the equalization command and controls the equalization charging/discharging of the single battery specifically comprises
Switching the anode and the cathode of the corresponding single battery according to the battery mark in the balancing command, so that the anode of the single battery is connected with the anode of the DC/DC conversion circuit;
the MCU outputs signals to the decoding circuit according to the equalization command, and selects the single batteries needing equalization;
the MCU outputs one path of PWM signal according to a charging or discharging command to control the conduction of the DC/DC conversion circuit and a single battery;
and if the current discharging PWM duty ratio value is in equalizing discharge, initially setting the current discharging PWM duty ratio value to be 90%, and if the current discharging PWM duty ratio value is in equalizing charge, initially setting the current discharging PWM duty ratio value to be 10%.
3. The active equalization control method of the new energy vehicle BMS system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the slave control module selects the corresponding battery cell according to the equalization command and controls the time interval between each step of the equalization charging/discharging of the battery cell to be 500ms.
4. The active equalization control method of the BMS system, as set forth in claim 3, wherein the step of collecting the voltage V2 across the sampling resistor, and the step of calculating the equalization current from the voltage V1 and the voltage V2 specifically comprises the step of resetting an equalization current collection variable in preparation for calculating the equalization current;
acquiring the balance voltage V2, and calculating to obtain balance current through a formula, wherein the calculation formula is as follows: equalizing current = (V2-V1)/(50 × 0.008).
CN201911320900.3A 2019-12-19 2019-12-19 Active balance control method of new energy vehicle BMS system Active CN111002870B (en)

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Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103840520A (en) * 2014-02-25 2014-06-04 中航锂电（洛阳）有限公司 Equalization failure detection circuit and method for active equalized BMS
CN208433770U (en) * 2018-04-18 2019-01-25 上海正昀新能源技术有限公司 A kind of series-connected cell group euqalizing current tunable arrangement
CN109617185A (en) * 2018-12-31 2019-04-12 浙江高泰昊能科技有限公司 A kind of passive equalization methods of battery based on master slave mode

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103840520A (en) * 2014-02-25 2014-06-04 中航锂电（洛阳）有限公司 Equalization failure detection circuit and method for active equalized BMS
CN208433770U (en) * 2018-04-18 2019-01-25 上海正昀新能源技术有限公司 A kind of series-connected cell group euqalizing current tunable arrangement
CN109617185A (en) * 2018-12-31 2019-04-12 浙江高泰昊能科技有限公司 A kind of passive equalization methods of battery based on master slave mode

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