CN111001426A - Noble metal ruthenium monatomic catalyst for chlor-alkali industry anode and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Noble metal ruthenium monatomic catalyst for chlor-alkali industry anode and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111001426A CN111001426A CN201911241301.2A CN201911241301A CN111001426A CN 111001426 A CN111001426 A CN 111001426A CN 201911241301 A CN201911241301 A CN 201911241301A CN 111001426 A CN111001426 A CN 111001426A
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
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Abstract
The invention discloses a noble metal monatomic catalyst for a chlor-alkali industrial anode and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method is simple in process and easy for large-scale preparation. The catalyst realizes chlorine evolution reaction at an overpotential far lower than that of an industrial DSA electrode under ultrahigh current density; the selectivity of 100 percent of chlorine evolution reaction and good stability are realized; after the catalyst is used as an anode, the power consumption per ton of alkali is reduced by about 30 percent, and the catalyst has important significance for energy conservation and emission reduction in the chlor-alkali industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chlor-alkali chemical industry, and particularly relates to a noble metal ruthenium monatomic catalyst for anodes in chlor-alkali industry and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The chlor-alkali industry plays a vital role in the chemical industry, producing hundreds of millions of tons per year of chlorine, hydrogen, sodium hydroxide, sodium chlorate and sodium hypochlorite, which are the basic chemicals for industry, water treatment and many other applications. Key reaction of chlor-alkali industryThe saturated salt water is electrolyzed to separate out chlorine and hydrogen. The total electricity consumption of the electrolysis step of the chlor-alkali industry is about 200TW · h, accounting for about 12% of the global electricity consumption and 60% of the cost of the chlor-alkali industry. Most of which is wasted at very high overpotentials and side reactions (oxygen evolution reactions). The oxygen evolution reaction also results in additional costs for separating oxygen from chlorine. Lowering the overpotential and increasing the selectivity of the anode are critical to the chlor-alkali industry, depending on the effective anode catalyst. The major industrial use today is the Dimensionally Stable Anode (DSA) made of RuO2/IrO2/TiO2And a Ti plate carrier. The DSA electrode has high catalytic activity and long service life. However, its selectivity is not high and the overpotential is still large.
The monatomic catalyst can make the utilization rate of metal atoms reach 100%, and can realize high selectivity due to the special active sites of the monatomic catalyst. However, no monatomic catalyst is currently available for use in the chlor-alkali industry. Also, due to the instability and complexity of preparation of the monatomic catalyst, it is difficult to apply to industrial production.
Therefore, the method which has simple process and low cost and is used for synthesizing the noble metal ruthenium monatomic catalyst with high chlorine evolution activity and selectivity and high stability has important scientific research significance and application value.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a noble metal ruthenium monatomic catalyst for a chlor-alkali industrial anode and a preparation method thereof, wherein a general impregnation method is adopted to load noble metal ruthenium monatomic on a transition metal nitride carrier, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a noble metal ruthenium single-atom catalyst for the anode in chlor-alkali industry is characterized in that,
the noble metal ruthenium is dispersed on the substrate in a monoatomic form;
the substrate is transition metal nitride or transition metal carbide, and the substrate has conductivity and corrosion resistance;
the transition metal is Ti, Mn, W, Zr, Sc or Y;
the noble metal ruthenium monoatomic atom forms coordination with the substrate, and strong interaction exists between the noble metal ruthenium monoatomic atom and the substrate.
The preparation method of the anode noble metal ruthenium monatomic catalyst in the chlor-alkali industry is characterized in that a common impregnation method is adopted to load noble metal monatomic on a substrate, and the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
s1: fully dispersing the substrate transition metal nitride or transition metal carbide nano particles in a water-alcohol mixed solution, wherein the volume ratio of water to alcohol in the mixed solution is 9:1-1: 9;
s2: mixing the prepared ruthenium salt solution with an acid solution for controlling the hydrolysis degree of ruthenium salt, and adding the mixture into the mixed solution obtained in the step S1;
s3: fully stirring, and separating solid matters from the solvent after dipping;
s4: drying the powder obtained by separation in a vacuum oven;
s5: drying the powder at 200-500 deg.C, Ar and H2Or N2And H2Sintering for 10min-200min under the condition of mixed gas to ensure that the noble metal ruthenium monoatomic is tightly combined with the substrate.
Further, the ruthenium salt solution of step S2 is an aqueous solution of ruthenium trichloride.
Further, the acid solution controlling the hydrolysis degree of ruthenium salt of step S2 is a hydrogen chloride solution.
The anode noble metal ruthenium monatomic catalyst for the chlor-alkali industry is characterized by being capable of being used for chlor-alkali chemical industry, chlorate production, chlorine production, hydrogen production and seawater desalination.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the whole synthesis process is simple and can be used for large-scale production;
2. using high-conductivity transition metal nitride as a carrier;
3. realizing multi-coordination and interaction between the noble metal ruthenium monoatomic atom and the matrix metal atom;
4. a combined active site of a noble metal ruthenium monoatomic atom and a peripheral metal atom is formed;
5. 4 kA.m of the monatomic catalyst prepared by the method in chlorine evolution reaction-2The lower overpotential is only 0.361V, which is much smaller than that of an industrial DSA electrode (0.974V) and is at 4 kA.m-2The mass activity of the monatomic catalyst reaches 66.48A mgRu -1The mass activity of the DSA electrode at the corresponding potential (0.0464A. mg)Ru+Ir+Ti -1) 1432 times.
Drawings
In order to illustrate embodiments of the present invention or technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the drawings which are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, so that the features and advantages of the present invention can be understood more clearly by referring to the drawings, which are schematic and should not be construed as limiting the present invention in any way, and for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained on the basis of these drawings without any inventive effort. Wherein:
FIG. 1 shows the chlorine production at different potentials and the corresponding ton of chlorine consumption;
FIG. 2(a) is a photomicrograph of a high angle annular dark field scanning tunnel of Ru1@ TiN;
FIG. 2(b) shows Ru1@ TiN, Ru foil, Ru (NH)3)6Cl3Synchrotron radiation near-edge spectrum of (1);
FIG. 2(c) shows Ru1@ TiN, Ru foil, Ru (NH)3)6Cl3The synchronous radiation spread spectrum and the structure are fitted;
FIG. 2(d1) is a wavelet analysis of Ru1@ TiN;
FIG. 2(d2) shows Ru (NH)3)6Cl3Wavelet analysis of (2);
FIG. 2(d3) is a wavelet analysis of Ru foil;
FIG. 2(e) is an X-ray photoelectron spectrum of Ru1@ TiN before and after sintering;
FIG. 3(a) shows Ru1@ TiN, RuO2And DSA-1 polarization curve at 5M NaCl (PH 2) and 70 ℃;
FIG. 3(b) shows Ru1@ TiN, RuO2And DSA-1 mass current versus voltage curve at 5M NaCl (PH 2) and 70 ℃;
FIG. 3(c) shows Ru1@ TiN, RuO2And DSA-1 ac impedance spectrum at 1.3V, 5M NaCl (PH 2) and 70 ℃;
FIG. 3(d) shows Ru1@ TiN, RuO2And DSA-1 charge transfer resistance versus voltage curve at 5M NaCl (PH 2) and 70 ℃;
FIG. 3(e) shows Ru1@ TiN, RuO2And DSA-1, Ru1@ C, Ru NP @ TiN in H2SO4(PH 2) and a polarization curve at 70 ℃;
FIG. 3(f) is the bubble condition on the surface of the electrode under the same current of DSA-1 and Ru1@ TiN;
FIG. 3(g) is a stability test of Ru1@ TiN under various conditions;
FIG. 3(h) is a photomicrograph of a high angle toroidal dark field scanning tunnel microscope of reacted Ru1@ TiN.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and therefore the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
A noble metal ruthenium single-atom catalyst for the anode in chlor-alkali industry is characterized in that,
the noble metal ruthenium is dispersed on the substrate in the form of single atoms;
the substrate is transition metal nitride or transition metal carbide, and has conductivity and corrosion resistance;
the transition metal is Ti, Mn, W, Zr, Sc or Y;
the single atom of noble metal ruthenium forms coordination with the matrix, and the two have strong interaction.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the noble metal ruthenium monatomic catalyst for the anode in the chlor-alkali industry, which is characterized in that a common impregnation method is adopted to load noble metal monatomic on a substrate, and the specific steps are as follows:
s1: fully dispersing the substrate transition metal nitride or transition metal carbide nano particles in a water-alcohol mixed solution, wherein the volume ratio of water to alcohol in the mixed solution is 9:1-1: 9;
s2: mixing the prepared ruthenium salt solution with an acid solution for controlling the hydrolysis degree of ruthenium salt, and adding the mixture into the mixed solution obtained in the step S1;
s3: fully stirring, and separating solid matters from the solvent after dipping;
s4: drying the powder obtained by separation in a vacuum oven;
s5: drying the powder at 200-500 deg.C, Ar and H2Or N2And H2Sintering for 10min-200min under the condition of mixed gas to ensure that the noble metal ruthenium monoatomic is tightly combined with the substrate.
Specifically, the ruthenium salt solution of step S2 is an aqueous ruthenium trichloride solution. The acid solution controlling the hydrolysis degree of ruthenium salt of step S2 is a hydrogen chloride solution.
The noble metal ruthenium monatomic catalyst for the anode in the chlor-alkali industry can be used for chlor-alkali chemical industry, chlorate production, chlorine production, hydrogen production and seawater desalination.
For the convenience of understanding the above technical aspects of the present invention, the following detailed description will be given of the above technical aspects of the present invention by way of specific examples.
Example 1
A noble metal ruthenium monatomic catalyst Ru1@ TiN for a chlor-alkali industrial anode is prepared by the following steps:
(1) fully dispersing 20mg of titanium nitride nano particles into 15ml of ethanol-water mixed solution, wherein the volume ratio of ethanol to water is 1: 9;
(2) the newly prepared 500 mul of 3mg/ml ruthenium trichloride aqueous solution and hydrogen chloride are mixed according to the volume ratio of 50:1
Mixing, adding into the mixed solution obtained in the step (1), and dropping 5 mu l of the mixed solution at intervals of 30 s;
(3) fully stirring at 50 ℃ for 8h, dipping, and separating titanium nitride particles from the solvent;
(4) drying the separated powder in a vacuum oven at 25 ℃;
(5) drying the powder at 300 deg.C, Ar and H2In the mixed gas, H2 is sintered and reduced under the condition that the volume percentage is 5%.
The structural characteristics of the obtained Ru1@ TiN are as follows: ru is distributed on the surface of TiN in a single atom form, the coordination environment around the Ru atom is Ru-NTi4, and the valence state of Ru is + 4.
The properties of the obtained Ru1@ TiN are as follows: at 400mA · cm-2The overpotential is only 0.361V, and the mass current is 66.48A mgRu -1(ii) a In the range of 1.3-2.7V, no OER performance is shown; at 1.3V, the charge transfer resistance is only 10.3 Ω; the performance is not obviously attenuated in stability tests under various conditions of 30 days; at 400mA · cm-2And the power consumption per ton of alkali is 1726 kW.h/tNaOH under the nickel mesh counter electrode.
The NaOH production and ton alkali power consumption of the catalyst and DSA electrode of the invention at different current densities are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 NaOH production and ton alkali consumption of the inventive catalyst and DSA electrode at different current densities
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under", beneath and "under" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely under the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the present invention, the terms "first", "second", "third", and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The term "plurality" means two or more unless expressly limited otherwise.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A noble metal ruthenium single-atom catalyst for the anode in chlor-alkali industry is characterized in that,
the noble metal ruthenium is dispersed on the substrate in a monoatomic form;
the substrate is transition metal nitride or transition metal carbide, and the substrate has conductivity and corrosion resistance;
the transition metal is Ti, Mn, W, Zr, Sc or Y;
the noble metal ruthenium monoatomic atom forms coordination with the substrate, and strong interaction exists between the noble metal ruthenium monoatomic atom and the substrate.
2. The preparation method of the noble metal ruthenium monatomic catalyst for the chlor-alkali industry anode according to claim 1, characterized in that the noble metal monatomic catalyst is loaded on the substrate by a general impregnation method, comprising the following steps:
s1: fully dispersing the substrate transition metal nitride or transition metal carbide nano particles in a water-alcohol mixed solution, wherein the volume ratio of water to alcohol in the mixed solution is 9:1-1: 9;
s2: mixing the prepared ruthenium salt solution with an acid solution for controlling the hydrolysis degree of ruthenium salt, and adding the mixture into the mixed solution obtained in the step S1;
s3: fully stirring, and separating solid matters from the solvent after dipping;
s4: drying the powder obtained by separation in a vacuum oven;
s5: drying the powder at 200-500 deg.C, Ar and H2Or N2And H2Sintering for 10min-200min under the condition of mixed gas to ensure that the noble metal ruthenium monoatomic is tightly combined with the substrate.
3. The method for preparing the noble metal ruthenium monatomic catalyst for the chlor-alkali industry anode of claim 2 wherein the ruthenium salt solution of step S2 is an aqueous solution of ruthenium trichloride.
4. The method for preparing noble metal ruthenium monatomic catalyst for chlor-alkali industry anode according to claims 2 to 3, wherein the acid solution controlling the degree of hydrolysis of the ruthenium salt of step S2 is a hydrogen chloride solution.
5. The anode noble metal ruthenium monatomic catalyst for chlor-alkali industry as claimed in claim 1, wherein said catalyst can be used in chlor-alkali chemical industry, chlorate production, chlorine production, hydrogen production, seawater desalination.
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| CN111926343A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2020-11-13 | 上海浦辰信息科技有限公司 | Method for determining optimal operation period of ionic membrane electrolytic cell |
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| CN111926343A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2020-11-13 | 上海浦辰信息科技有限公司 | Method for determining optimal operation period of ionic membrane electrolytic cell |
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