CN111001239A - Pyrolysis gas dust removal method and device - Google Patents
Pyrolysis gas dust removal method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111001239A CN111001239A CN201911368909.1A CN201911368909A CN111001239A CN 111001239 A CN111001239 A CN 111001239A CN 201911368909 A CN201911368909 A CN 201911368909A CN 111001239 A CN111001239 A CN 111001239A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/30—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using loose filtering material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for removing dust from pyrolysis gas, comprising the following steps: the raw materials to be pyrolyzed are divided by the material distributor according to the proportion, the raw materials enter screening equipment and are screened, large-particle materials on the screen are sent to a dust removal processor, and small-particle materials under the screen and other materials are sent to pyrolysis equipment; the material sent into the dust removal processor is heated and pyrolyzed to form a loose porous filter material with good air permeability, and the redundant material is mixed with the material directly entering the pyrolysis equipment through an overflow port of the dust removal processor; the filter material is fully distributed on the bed layer of the dust remover, the filter material moves slowly, the dust-containing pyrolysis gas passes through the filter material layer for filtering, and the filter material after dust collection is sent to the pyrolysis equipment. The raw materials are used as the filter materials, impurities are not brought into a pyrolysis system and pyrolysis gas, and the cost is low; the collected dust returns to the pyrolysis system, so that zero emission of the dust is realized; the dust remover has small resistance, the filter material is in a flowing state, the dust remover can automatically clean, is not easy to block, and can realize long-period operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy development, and relates to a method and a device for removing dust in pyrolysis gas at high temperature, in particular to a method and a device for removing dust carried in the pyrolysis gas at high temperature.
Background
Coal, oil sand, oil shale, living beings etc. can produce a large amount of dusts when the pyrolysis, bring out the pyrolysis system along with pyrolysis gas, if do not take effectual dust removal measure, the dust of smuggleing secretly in the pyrolysis gas can influence the long period steady operation of pyrolysis device, or the dust gets into the product and influences product quality.
The coal pyrolysis technology mainly comprises a lump coal pyrolysis process and a pulverized coal pyrolysis process. Considering that the coal yield of the mechanical coal mining blocks only accounts for 20% of the coal mining amount at present, a pyrolysis process taking pulverized coal as a raw material is necessary to become a mainstream process of coal pyrolysis. Among them, the high-temperature on-line separation of pyrolysis coke breeze and pyrolysis oil gas in the pulverized coal pyrolysis process is one of the main technical problems encountered by the process. The dust-containing dry distillation gas generated in the coal powder medium and low temperature pyrolysis process has high temperature and is easy to change phase, the high temperature on-line separation effect of the pyrolysis coke breeze and the pyrolysis oil gas is not ideal, and finally, the solid content in the coal tar is higher, the quality of the oil product is poorer, and the quality index of further deep processing of the coal tar cannot be met. The development and research of a dust removal technology and key equipment of dust-containing dry distillation gas in the pulverized coal pyrolysis process become one of the problems to be developed in the field of low-temperature pyrolysis of coal. The high-temperature dust-containing gas mainly has the following characteristics:
(1) the temperature of the dust-containing gas is high, and is generally between 300 and 600 ℃.
(2) Mainly consists of pyrolysis oil gas and coke powder carried by the pyrolysis oil gas, and a large amount of small-particle-size dust with the diameter less than or equal to 10 mu m exists.
(3) The raw gas contains macromolecular aromatic substances which are easy to condense and bond, so that the filter is easy to block.
(4) The gas components are complex, and the gas medium has subsequent reaction in the dust removing equipment, so that carbon is easy to separate out and coking occurs.
(5) Pyrolysis oil gas is very sensitive to temperature change, is easy to change phase, changes from gas phase and solid phase into gas phase, liquid phase and solid phase, and is difficult to separate.
At present, technicians also make a lot of attempts in the technical field of pyrolysis gas dust removal, and develop various technologies such as intermetallic compound filtration, ceramic filtration, electric dust removal, high-efficiency cyclone, wet dust removal and the like, but the technologies are not popularized and applied on a large scale because of the incapability of adapting to working conditions, the incapability of operating for a long period, the unsatisfactory dust removal effect, the existence of potential safety hazards or the reduction of product quality and the like.
The existing dust removal technology for high-temperature dust-containing gas has the following problems:
(1) wet dust removal: the dust enters into the tar, the dust content of the tar product is high, and the oil-dust separation difficulty is high.
(2) Cyclone dust removal: the dust removal efficiency of dust with the particle size of less than 10 mu m is low, and the dust remover is generally used as pre-dust removal equipment.
(3) Ceramic membrane/metal microporous filter: the filter material is easy to block, difficult to regenerate and expensive.
(4) Particle bed dust remover:
1) dedusting by a fixed particle bed: the fixed bed generally adopts horizontal bed, and the filter material tiling is in the backup pad promptly to keep certain thickness, dusty gas passes through the stratum granulosum perpendicularly, because of the stratum granulosum is held the dirt volume limitedly, the dust remover pressure drop can rise gradually, needs regularly to switch and carries out regeneration treatment.
2) Dedusting by a movable particle bed: when the moving bed filters, the particle layer intermittently or continuously moves downwards under the action of gravity and contacts with dust-containing gas, the filter material carrying dust is discharged from the bottom of the moving bed, and the clean filter material is continuously added from the top of the moving bed, so that the filtering capacity of the moving bed is ensured. The filter material mainly adopts inert substances such as quartz sand, ceramic balls and the like, is not easy to separate from coal tar, dust and the like, and can only realize the regeneration of the filter material and the separation of the dust by simple methods such as incineration and the like at present.
When aiming at the working condition of pyrolysis gas dust removal, technical means such as particle layer dust removal and the like are also improved by technical personnel in the field and are applied to the industry, but the following problems are also commonly existed: 1. the ash is difficult to remove, and the problem of secondary dust emission is common during ash removal; 2. the filter material is difficult to regenerate and reuse; 3. a normal-temperature filter material is adopted, and the pyrolysis gas is cooled to separate out tar to cause blockage; 4. the collected ash is difficult to treat and cannot be effectively utilized; 5. many moving members are easy to leak wind or damage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a movable granular bed dust remover which realizes real-time updating of a filter material by using a raw material as the filter material and returning collected dust to a pyrolysis system, and has the advantages of simple process, reliable and stable operation and obvious advantages in the technical field of pyrolysis gas high-temperature dust removal.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
according to an embodiment provided by the invention, the invention provides a pyrolysis gas dedusting method, which comprises the following steps:
1) distributing the raw materials to be pyrolyzed by a distributor, feeding a certain proportion of the raw materials into a sieving device for sieving, feeding large-particle materials on a sieve into a dedusting processor or directly feeding the large-particle materials as a filter material into a deduster, and directly feeding small-particle materials under the sieve and the rest materials into a pyrolyzing device;
2) the material sent into the dust removal processor is subjected to heating reaction through high-temperature hot flue gas provided by an external heating device to form porous filter material with loose porosity, high specific surface area and strong adsorbability, and the additive surplus material is directly sent into pyrolysis equipment from an overflow port of the dust removal processor to be mixed with the material;
3) the filter material is fed into a deduster, is fully distributed on a deduster bed layer, and moves slowly; filtering the dust-containing pyrolysis gas through a filter material layer, and feeding the filter material after dust collection into pyrolysis equipment; the filter material is in a flowing state, the dust remover can automatically clean, the blockage is not easy to happen, and the resistance of the bed layer is stable.
4) Pyrolysis gas generated by the dust removal processor and dust-containing pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis equipment enter the dust remover together for dust removal treatment;
5) the high-temperature hot flue gas generated by the heating device provides a heat source for the dust removal processor, and also carries out heat tracing on a pyrolysis gas pipeline generated by the dust remover and the pyrolysis equipment, so that the heavy tar generated in the pyrolysis gas is prevented from being cooled and condensed.
The present invention also has a further preferable embodiment with respect to the above-described technical solution.
Preferably, the raw material to be pyrolyzed is one of coal, oil shale, oil sand, carbonized material, activated carbon or biomass, or a mixture of two materials, or one of two materials processed in the same pyrolysis device (for example, when coal and biomass are co-pyrolyzed, part of coal is used as a raw material of a filter material of a dust remover).
Preferably, the material with large particles on the sieve is a material with a particle size of 5-30 mm.
Preferably, in the step 2), the dedusting processor heats the materials to a preset temperature by using hot flue gas in the tubes and the jacket, the final heating temperature is 200-600 ℃, and the pressure is controlled at-500 Pa.
Preferably, in the step 2), the thickness of the bed layer of the filter material is 50-1000 mm, the filtering air speed is 0.1-2.0 m/s, and the larger the thickness of the bed layer is, the faster the filtering air speed is, and the larger the resistance is.
Preferably, the moving directions of the dust-containing pyrolysis gas and the filter material are parallel flow type or cross flow type.
Preferably, the heat tracing temperature of hot flue gas of the pyrolysis gas pipeline generated by the dust remover and the pyrolysis equipment is 400-600 ℃.
The invention correspondingly provides a pyrolysis gas dust removal device adopted by the method, which comprises a distributor, a screening device, a dust removal processor, a dust remover, a feeding device and a pyrolysis device which are sequentially communicated, wherein the distributor is respectively communicated with the screening device and the feeding device, the screening device is respectively communicated with the dust removal processor and the feeding device, the dust removal processor is communicated with the dust remover, and the dust remover is respectively communicated with the feeding device and the pyrolysis device;
the heat supply device is respectively communicated with the dedusting processor jacket, the deduster and a pyrolysis gas pipeline communicated with the pyrolysis equipment; the high-temperature fan is respectively communicated with the jacket of the dust removal processor and a pyrolysis gas pipeline communicated with the pyrolysis equipment.
Preferably, the screening device is a drum screen or a vibrating screen.
Preferably, the dust removal processor is internally heated, externally heated and internally and externally combined heated; the dust removal processor is vertical, horizontal or inclined; the heat source of the dust removal processor adopts electric heating or hot flue gas heating.
Preferably, the dust remover is vertical or horizontal; the working mode of the dust remover is intermittent or continuous.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the raw material is used as a filter material, so that impurities are not brought into a pyrolysis system and pyrolysis gas, and the cost is low.
(2) The captured dust is returned to the pyrolysis system, achieving a "zero" emission of dust. The dust and the filter material directly enter the pyrolysis device, the high-temperature dust conveying and collecting processes are avoided, and the process is simple.
(3) The dust remover has small resistance, the dust-containing filter material is continuously discharged into the pyrolysis device, the filtering performance is stable, the filter material is updated in a dynamic continuous process, the dust remover can automatically clean, is not easy to block, and can realize long-period operation.
(4) The dust removal processor can pyrolyze the materials to form a filter material with good performance, and meanwhile, the heated materials cannot reduce the pyrolysis gas temperature in the dust remover to cause tar condensation and blockage and other problems.
(5) The raw materials are used as the filter materials, so that no filter material is purchased, and the separation of the filter material and dust and the regeneration of the filter material are not required.
Drawings
In order that the present invention may be more readily and clearly understood, reference is now made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the process flow apparatus for removing dust from pyrolysis gas of the present invention.
In the figure: 101. a distributor; 101a, a raw material inlet; 101b, a distributor first outlet; 101c, a second outlet of the distributor;
102. screening equipment; 102a, a sieve outlet; 102b, an oversize outlet;
103. a dust removal processor; 103a, a hot air outlet; 103b, a hot air inlet; 103c, a first pyrolysis gas outlet; 103d, a dedusting agent outlet; 103e, an overflow port;
104. a dust remover; 104a and a dust remover feed inlet; 104b, a dust-containing pyrolysis gas inlet; 104c and a second pyrolysis gas outlet;
105. an air lock device;
106. a feeding device; 106a, a helical first inlet; 106b, a helical second inlet;
107. a pyrolysis device; 107a and an air outlet;
108. a heating device;
109. a high temperature fan.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the device of the present invention. The pyrolysis gas dust removal device comprises a distributor 101, a screening device 102, a dust removal processor 103, a dust remover 104, a feeding device 106 and pyrolysis equipment 107 which are sequentially communicated, wherein the distributor 101 is provided with a raw material inlet 101a, a first distributor outlet 101b and a second distributor outlet 101 c; the first outlet 101b of the distributor is communicated with the spiral first feeding hole 106a of the feeding device 106, the second outlet 101c of the distributor is communicated with the discharge hole 102b of the screening device 102, and the screening device 102 is provided with a screen discharge outlet 102a and a screen charge outlet 102 b; the screen material outlet 102a is communicated with the dust removal processor 103, and the screen material outlet 102b is communicated with the spiral first feed inlet 106 a; the dedusting processor 103 is provided with a hot air outlet 103a, a hot air inlet 103b, a first pyrolysis gas outlet 103c, a processed dedusting agent outlet 103d and a dedusting processor overflow port 103e, the hot air inlet 103b is communicated with the pyrolysis equipment 107, the hot air outlet 103a is communicated with the high-temperature fan 109, the first pyrolysis gas outlet 103c is communicated with the gas outlet 107a of the pyrolysis equipment 107, the processed dedusting agent outlet 103d is communicated with the gas locking device 105 through the deduster 104, and the gas locking device 105 is communicated with the feeding equipment 106; the overflow port 103e of the dust removal processor is connected with the discharge port 101b of the distributor and the discharge port 102b of the screening device and is communicated with the spiral first inlet 106a of the feeding device. The dust remover 104 is provided with a dust-containing pyrolysis gas inlet 104b and a second pyrolysis gas outlet 104 c; the dust-containing pyrolysis gas inlet 104b is provided with a jacket, and the jacket and the dust remover 104 are respectively communicated with a heat supply device 108.
Raw material enters the distributor 101 through a raw material inlet 101a, a first outlet 101b of the distributor is communicated with a spiral first inlet 106a of the feeding device 106, and a second outlet 101c of the distributor is communicated with the dedusting processor 103. The flue gas required by the dust removal processor 103 is communicated with the heat supply device 108 through a hot air inlet 103b, the heated flue gas is communicated with a high temperature fan 109 through a hot air outlet 103a, and an overflow port 103e is connected with a first outlet 101b of the distributor and an oversize material outlet 102b and is connected with a spiral first inlet 106a together, so as to enter the feeding device 106. The dedusting agent outlet 103d of the dedusting processor 103 is communicated with the dedusting inlet 104a of the deduster 104, and the first pyrolysis gas outlet 103c of the dedusting processor is communicated with the gas outlet 107a of the pyrolysis device 107 and then enters the dedusting inlet 104 b. The particulate dedusting agent in the deduster is connected via the airlock 105 to the spiral second inlet 106b of the feeding apparatus 106, which feeding apparatus 106 is connected to the end of the pyrolysis apparatus 107, being part of the pyrolysis apparatus 107.
Embodiments of the invention are illustrated below by a method for dedusting pyrolysis gas comprising the steps of:
1) raw materials (coal, oil shale, oil sand, biomass and the like) to be pyrolyzed enter a distributor 101 through a distributor raw material inlet 101a to be proportionally distributed, one part of the raw materials enters a screening device 102 through a distributor second outlet 101c to be screened, large-particle materials with the size of 5-30 mm on the screen are sent to a dust removal processor 103 through a screening material outlet 102a, and small-particle materials with the size of 5-30 mm on the screen and the rest of the raw materials are directly sent to a feeding device 106 through an oversize material outlet 102b and an overflow port 103 e;
2) the material sent into the dust removal processor 103 is subjected to heating reaction through high-temperature hot flue gas provided by an external heating device 108 to form porous filter material with loose porous high specific surface area and strong adsorbability; an overflow port 103e is arranged at the feed inlet of the dust removal processor, and redundant materials are mixed with the materials from the first outlet 101b of the distributor and the oversize material outlet 102b through the overflow port 103e of the processor and then enter a feeding device 106, and then are sent to a pyrolysis device 107; the heating reaction of the dust removal processor is controlled to be at a final temperature of 200-600 ℃, and the pressure is controlled to be-500 Pa; if pyrolysis gas is generated in the heating process, the pyrolysis gas is mixed with the gas outlet 107a of the pyrolysis device through the first pyrolysis gas outlet 103c and then is introduced into the dust-containing pyrolysis gas inlet 104b of the dust remover; the dust removal processor 103 uses a vertical jacket tube-in-tube composite heating moving bed dust removal processor, materials slowly move downwards in the dust removal processor, extrusion and friction crushing of the materials can be avoided to the maximum extent, the materials are heated to a set temperature by using hot flue gas in the tubes and the jacket, a hot flue gas source and a main pyrolysis device can adopt the same set of heat source, and pyrolysis gas generated by heating the materials is collected from a plurality of gas guide tubes and flows into a dust-containing pyrolysis gas inlet 104b of the dust remover;
3) the filter material is sent into a dust remover 104, is fully distributed on a dust remover bed layer, moves slowly, the dust-containing pyrolysis gas passes through the filter material layer to achieve a filtering effect, the filter material after dust collection is sent into a feeding device 106 through an air locking device 105, the moving speed and the feeding amount of the filter material in the dust remover bed layer are adjusted through the rotating speed or the opening degree of the air locking device, a material level meter is arranged on a dust remover feeding pipe, the material level height is adjusted through the rotating speed of a feeder, the feeding is guaranteed to be smooth, and effective material sealing is achieved. The thickness of the bed layer of the filter material is 50-1000 mm, and the filtering air speed is 0.1-2.0 m/s.
4) Pyrolysis gas generated by the dust removal processor 103 and dust-containing pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis equipment 107 enter the dust remover 104 together for dust removal treatment;
5) the high-temperature hot flue gas generated by the heating device 108 provides a heat source for the dust removal processor 103, and also performs heat tracing on the pyrolysis gas pipeline generated by the dust remover 104 and the pyrolysis equipment 107, so as to prevent the heavy tar generated in the pyrolysis gas from being cooled and condensed.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
The embodiment is a high-temperature raw gas dedusting system of a coal dry distillation device.
1) The dried raw coal with the temperature of about 80 ℃ is conveyed to a certain height by a lifter, and a material distributing valve is arranged at a discharge port of the lifter to flow materials.
The particle size distribution of the material is as follows:
| particle size mm | ≥8mm | ＜8mm |
| Is in percentage by weight | 17.32 | 82.68 |
One part of the materials which are about 17.32t/h (the proportion of the material split flow is adjusted in the actual operation according to the change of the particle size distribution of the materials) after the split flow falls into a drum sieve, 3000kg/h of oversize materials with the particle size larger than or equal to 8mm are sieved out and fall into a dedusting processor, and the undersize materials and the other part of the materials split flow by a material splitting valve are mixed and sent into a pyrolysis device 107 (a retort) through a rotary valve and a feeding device 106 (a retort feeding screw);
2) the material falling into the dust removal processor is indirectly heated to 450 ℃ by hot flue gas in a jacket and a tube array of the dust removal processor and is pyrolyzed, and redundant material flows out from an overflow port of the dust removal processor and is directly sent into the gas retort according to different requirements of the moving speed of a bed layer. The temperature of hot flue gas entering the dust removal processor is about 800 ℃, the temperature of hot flue gas leaving the dust removal processor is about 600 ℃, and the pressure is controlled at 300 Pa; the pyrolyzed raw materials fall into a dust remover through a blanking pipe, and the generated raw coke oven gas is collected by a gas guide pipe and enters the gas inlet end of the dust remover;
3) the solid raw material falling into the dust remover is clamped by two parallel sieve plates to form a filter material layer with the thickness of 500mm, the dust remover is of a vertical structure, and the filter material continuously moves downwards in the dust remover. The concentration of raw coke oven gas dust generated by the pyrolysis of raw coal in the dry distillation furnace is about 50g/Nm3The particle size of the dust is less than or equal to 50 mu m, the dust-containing raw gas is led out from the gas retort, enters the gas inlet end of the dust remover, vertically passes through the filter material layer at the flow velocity of 0.5m/s, and is removed under the combined action of Brownian motion, interception, inertial collision, gravity settling, electrostatic coagulation and the likeMost of dust in the raw gas is reduced to 10.5mg/Nm after dust removal3And the dust removal efficiency is more than or equal to 99 percent. The filter material carrying the dust and the dust settled by the air inlet box of the dust remover are sent into the gas retort together, and the whole system does not discharge the dust outwards, thereby achieving the purpose of comprehensive utilization;
4) pyrolysis gas generated by the dust removal processor and dust-containing pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis equipment enter the dust remover together for dust removal treatment;
5) the whole set of raw gas dust removal device and the raw gas guide pipe are heated by high-temperature hot flue gas, so that the raw gas is prevented from being cooled.
Example 2
The embodiment is a high-temperature raw gas dust removal system of an oil sand dry distillation device
1) Conveying 15000kg/h of raw oil sand into a material distributor through conveying equipment, dividing the oil sand according to the ratio of 2:1, conveying 5000kg/h of the divided oil sand into a screening device, separating oversize materials which are larger than or equal to 5mm and are about 1500kg/h, and conveying the oversize materials into a dust removal processor.
2) The material falling into the dust removal processor is indirectly heated to 400 ℃ by hot flue gas in a jacket and a tube array of the dust removal processor and is pyrolyzed, and redundant material flows out from an overflow port of the dust removal processor and is directly sent into the gas retort according to different requirements of bed moving speed. The temperature of hot flue gas entering the dust removal processor is about 700 ℃, the temperature of hot flue gas leaving the dust removal processor is about 400 ℃, and the pressure is controlled at 500 Pa; the pyrolyzed raw materials fall into a dust remover through a blanking pipe, and the generated raw coke oven gas is collected by a gas guide pipe and enters the gas inlet end of the dust remover.
3) The thickness of the dedusting agent of the dust remover is 700mm, the dust remover is of a vertical structure, and the filtering material continuously moves downwards in the dust remover. The concentration of raw coke oven gas dust generated by the pyrolysis of raw coal in the dry distillation furnace is about 10g/Nm3The particle size of the dust is less than or equal to 100 mu m, the dust-containing raw gas is led out from the gas retort, enters the gas inlet end of the dust remover, vertically passes through the filter material layer at the flow velocity of 0.1m/s, and the dust concentration in the raw gas after dust removal is reduced to 5.61mg/Nm3And the dust removal efficiency is more than or equal to 99 percent. The filter material carrying dust and the dust settled by the air inlet box of the dust remover are sent into the gas retort together, the whole system does not discharge the dust outwards, and the comprehensive benefit is achievedThe purpose of use.
4) Pyrolysis gas generated by the dust removal processor and dust-containing pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis equipment enter the dust remover together for dust removal treatment;
5) the whole set of raw gas dust removal device and the raw gas guide pipe are heated by high-temperature hot flue gas, so that the raw gas is prevented from being cooled.
Example 3
The embodiment is a high-temperature raw gas dedusting system of a coal dry distillation device.
1) The dried raw coal with the temperature of about 80 ℃ is conveyed to a certain height by a lifter, and a material distributing valve is arranged at a discharge port of the lifter to flow materials.
The particle size distribution of the material is as follows:
| particle size mm | ≥8mm | ＜8mm |
| Is in percentage by weight | 17.32 | 82.68 |
And one strand of material which is about 17.32t/h (the material diversion ratio is adjusted in the actual operation according to the change of the material particle size distribution) after diversion falls into a drum sieve, 3000kg/h of oversize material with the particle size of more than or equal to 8mm is sieved out and falls into a dust removal processor, and the undersize material and the other strand of material which is diverted by a material diversion valve are mixed and are fed into the gas retort by a gas retort feeding screw through a rotary valve.
2) The material falling into the dust removal processor is indirectly heated to 450 ℃ by hot flue gas in a jacket and a tube array of the dust removal processor and is pyrolyzed, and redundant material flows out from an overflow port of the dust removal processor and is directly sent into the gas retort according to different requirements of the moving speed of a bed layer. The temperature of hot flue gas entering the dust removal processor is about 800 ℃, the temperature of hot flue gas leaving the dust removal processor is about 200 ℃, and the pressure is controlled at-500 Pa; the pyrolyzed raw materials fall into a dust remover through a blanking pipe, and the generated raw coke oven gas is collected by a gas guide pipe and enters the gas inlet end of the dust remover.
3) The solid raw material falling into the dust remover is clamped by two parallel sieve plates to form a filter material layer with the thickness of 1000mm, the dust remover is of a vertical structure, and the filter material continuously moves downwards in the dust remover. The concentration of raw coke oven gas dust generated by the pyrolysis of raw coal in the dry distillation furnace is about 50g/Nm3The particle size of the dust is less than or equal to 50 mu m, the dust-containing raw gas is led out from the gas retort, enters the gas inlet end of a dust remover, vertically passes through a filter material layer at the flow speed of 2.0m/s, most of dust in the dust-containing raw gas is removed under the combined action of Brownian motion, interception, inertial collision, gravity settling, electrostatic coagulation and the like, and the dust concentration in the raw gas after dust removal is reduced to 10.5mg/Nm3And the dust removal efficiency is more than or equal to 99 percent. The filter material carrying the dust and the dust settled by the air inlet box of the dust remover are sent into the gas retort together, and the whole system does not discharge the dust outwards, thereby achieving the purpose of comprehensive utilization.
4) Pyrolysis gas generated by the dust removal processor and dust-containing pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis equipment enter the dust remover together for dust removal treatment;
5) the whole set of raw gas dust removal device and the raw gas guide pipe are heated by high-temperature hot flue gas, so that the raw gas is prevented from being cooled.
It should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the spirit, principle and spirit of the present invention and the scope of the knowledge of those skilled in the art should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for dedusting the pyrolysis gas is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) distributing the raw materials to be pyrolyzed by a distributor, feeding a certain proportion of the raw materials into a sieving device for sieving, feeding large-particle materials on a sieve into a dedusting processor or directly feeding the large-particle materials as a filter material into a deduster, and directly feeding small-particle materials under the sieve and the rest materials into a pyrolyzing device;
2) the material sent into the dust removal processor is subjected to heating reaction through high-temperature hot flue gas provided by an external heating device to form porous filter material with loose porosity, high specific surface area and strong adsorbability, and the additive surplus material is directly sent into pyrolysis equipment from an overflow port of the dust removal processor to be mixed with the material;
3) the filter material is fed into a deduster, is fully distributed on a deduster bed layer, and moves slowly; filtering the dust-containing pyrolysis gas through a filter material layer, and feeding the filter material after dust collection into pyrolysis equipment;
4) pyrolysis gas generated by the dust removal processor and dust-containing pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis equipment enter the dust remover together for dust removal treatment;
5) the high-temperature hot flue gas generated by the heating device provides a heat source for the dust removal processor, and also carries out heat tracing on a pyrolysis gas pipeline generated by the dust remover and the pyrolysis equipment, so that the heavy tar generated in the pyrolysis gas is prevented from being cooled and condensed.
2. A method for dedusting a pyrolysis gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the raw material to be pyrolyzed is one of coal, oil shale, oil sand, carbonized material, activated carbon or biomass, or a mixture of two materials, or one of two materials processed in the same pyrolysis equipment.
3. A method for dedusting pyrolysis gas according to claim 1, wherein the oversize large-particle material is 5-30 mm in particle size.
4. A pyrolysis gas dedusting method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step 2), the dedusting processor heats the materials to a preset temperature by using hot flue gas in a tube array and a jacket, the final heating temperature is 200-600 ℃, and the pressure is controlled to be-500 Pa.
5. A pyrolysis gas dedusting method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step 2), the thickness of the filter material bed is 50-1000 mm, and the filtering gas velocity is 0.1-2.0 m/s.
6. A method for removing dust from pyrolysis gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dust-containing pyrolysis gas and the filter material move in a parallel flow mode or a cross flow mode;
the heat tracing temperature of hot flue gas of the pyrolysis gas pipeline generated by the dust remover and the pyrolysis equipment is 400-600 ℃.
7. A pyrolysis gas dedusting device adopted by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized by comprising a distributor (101), a screening device (102), a dedusting processor (103), a deduster (104), a feeding device (106) and a pyrolysis device (107) which are sequentially communicated, wherein the distributor (101) is respectively communicated with the screening device (102) and the feeding device (106), the screening device (102) is respectively communicated with the dedusting processor (103) and the feeding device (106), the dedusting processor (103) is communicated with the deduster (104), and the deduster (104) is respectively communicated with the feeding device (106) and the pyrolysis device (107);
the device also comprises a heat supply device (108) and a high-temperature fan (109), wherein the heat supply device (108) is respectively communicated with a jacket of the dust removal processor (103), a dust remover (104) and a pyrolysis gas pipeline communicated with pyrolysis equipment (107); the high-temperature fan (109) is respectively communicated with a jacket of the dust removal processor (103) and a pyrolysis gas pipeline communicated with the pyrolysis equipment (107).
8. A device for dedusting pyrolysis gas according to claim 7, wherein the screening device (102) is a rotary screen or a vibrating screen.
9. A pyrolysis gas dedusting apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein the dedusting processor (103) is of an internal heating type, an external heating type and a combined internal and external heating type; the dust removal processor (103) is vertical, horizontal or inclined; the heat source of the dust removal processor (103) adopts electric heating or hot flue gas heating.
10. A device for dedusting pyrolysis gas according to claim 6, wherein the deduster (104) is vertical or horizontal; the working mode of the dust remover is intermittent or continuous.
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