CN111000234A - Preparation method of dried powder of Gaoda deer medicine - Google Patents
Preparation method of dried powder of Gaoda deer medicine Download PDFInfo
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- CN111000234A CN111000234A CN201911267359.4A CN201911267359A CN111000234A CN 111000234 A CN111000234 A CN 111000234A CN 201911267359 A CN201911267359 A CN 201911267359A CN 111000234 A CN111000234 A CN 111000234A
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- rhaponticum carthamoides
- rhaponticum
- carthamoides
- medicine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-deer medicine dry powder, belonging to the technical field of high-deer medicine drying. Selecting fresh, insect-free, disease-free, wound and rotten overground parts of the rhaponticum carthamoides, fully cleaning the overground parts by flowing water, then airing the rhaponticum carthamoides in a ventilated place for a period of time, putting the rhaponticum carthamoides into an oven for baking, crushing the dehydrated rhaponticum carthamoides by using a crusher, sieving the crushed rhaponticum carthamoides by using a 60-mesh sieve, taking a sample below the sieve, and sealing and storing the sample at 4 ℃; preparing the rhaponticum carthamoides medicine and distilled water, putting the rhaponticum carthamoides medicine and distilled water into an ultrasonic cleaning machine for ultrasonic extraction, then performing suction filtration by using a suction filtration device, and collecting an extracting solution for later use; concentrating the extracting solution by using a rotary evaporator until the content of soluble solids in the extracting solution is 5-25%; then spray drying is carried out to obtain the high deer medicine spray dried powder. The spray-dried instant powder of the rhaponticum carthamoides is convenient and quick, most of nutrient substances of the rhaponticum carthamoides are reserved, and the spray-dried powder has strong antioxidant activity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-deer medicine dry powder, belonging to the technical field of high-deer medicine drying.
Background
The rhaponticum carthamoides (also called as herba Lysimachiae) is a medicinal and edible perennial herb of Liliaceae, and is mainly distributed in the districts such as anger river, southeast Sichuan and Tibet regions with the altitude of 2100 to 4000 meters in the northwest of Yunnan. The high-quality deer medicine has rich nutrient substances, is rich in various trace elements and amino acids which cannot be synthesized by human bodies, the seedlings of the high-quality deer medicine are wild vegetables which are popular with people in the northern region of Yunnan, and the high-quality deer medicine has low carbohydrate and fat contents and can be used as a weight-reducing product. The homocervus japonicus contains abundant active substances, mainly contains steroid saponin and nucleoside anticancer active ingredients, also has the drug effects of tonifying kidney and strengthening yang, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and dispelling pathogenic wind and relieving pain, and is a good health food.
The rhaponticum carthamoides is a seasonal wild vegetable, can be fried and eaten after being boiled with water, can also be fried and eaten with fresh bamboo leaf vegetables, ham, fresh meat and preserved meat, has good taste, is used for boiling soup with the bamboo leaf vegetables, has unique taste, is adopted in the field at present, is not effectively developed and utilized, and has no other deep-processed products.
The preservation of the rhaponticum carthamoides is difficult, the nutrient contents are easy to lose, the modes of cold storage, can, salting, dry products and the like are mainly adopted at present, the cold storage is to buy fresh rhaponticum carthamoides, remove impurities through sorting and then put the rhaponticum carthamoides into a cold storage chamber for preservation, the temperature of the cold storage is better to be minus 7 ℃, and the time of the cold storage is less than half a year; the method has short storage time, severe loss of nutrients, and poor taste; the high-deer medicine can belongs to a pickled product, the vitamin C of the high-deer medicine can be damaged, the cost is high, and the possibility of harmful microorganisms and other substances can be generated in the preservation process; the salted rhaponticum carthamoides has short storage time and bad taste. The dried high-deer medicine is eaten after the water content of fresh high-deer medicine is reduced to about 10-14%, most of nutrient substances are lost, and the taste is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a dry powder of a rhaponticum carthamoides medicine, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: selecting fresh, insect-free, disease-free, wound-free and rotten overground parts of the rhaponticum carthamoides, fully cleaning the overground parts with flowing water, airing the rhaponticum carthamoides in a ventilated place for a period of time (airing the rhaponticum carthamoides to be semi-dry), putting the rhaponticum carthamoides into an oven for baking, crushing the dehydrated rhaponticum carthamoides by using a crusher, sieving the crushed rhaponticum carthamoides by using a 60-mesh sieve, taking a sample below the sieve, and sealing and storing the sample at 4; because the protein content of the rhaponticum carthamoides is up to more than 40 percent, the cleaned rhaponticum carthamoides needs to be placed in a ventilated place for airing, the temperature of an oven is not too high, and otherwise, the activity of the protein and other nutrient substances can be damaged.
(2) Extracting by ultrasonic wave: the preparation method comprises the steps of preparing the rhaponticum carthamoides medicine and distilled water according to the mass-volume ratio of 1: 30-1: 90(g/mL), placing the rhaponticum carthamoides medicine and distilled water into an ultrasonic cleaning machine for ultrasonic extraction, then performing suction filtration by using a suction filtration device, and collecting an extracting solution for later use.
(3) Concentration: concentrating the extracting solution obtained in the step (2) by using a rotary evaporator until the content of soluble solids in the extracting solution is 5-25%;
(4) and (3) spray drying, namely dissolving β -cyclodextrin into the sample solution according to the proportion of 5-9 g/100mL by taking 200mL of the rhaponticum carthamoides concentrated solution as a base amount, sequentially setting the spray drying feeding speed to be 10-30 mL/min, the air inlet temperature to be 170-230 ℃, starting to sample when the temperature rises to the air inlet temperature, and finally obtaining the rhaponticum carthamoides spray drying powder.
Preferably, the baking temperature in step (1) of the present invention is 40 ℃ to 48 ℃.
Preferably, the ultrasonic extraction conditions in step (2) of the present invention are: the ultrasonic power is 100-500W, the ultrasonic time is 20-120 min, and the ultrasonic temperature is 30-70 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the rhaponticum carthamoides is a current wild vegetable and is only limited to local villagers for eating at present, and products of the rhaponticum carthamoides only comprise frozen products, cans, salt stains and dry products, and the products lose a lot of nutrient substances and are difficult to accept by consumers. The spray-dried instant powder of the rhaponticum carthamoides is convenient and quick, most of nutrient substances of the rhaponticum carthamoides are reserved, and the spray-dried powder has stronger antioxidant activity.
(2) The fresh high-content deer medicine has high water content and rich trace elements and mineral substances, but loses nutrient components in the cooking process, belongs to new vegetables in seasons and cannot be eaten for a long time; the method extracts the effective components of the high-deer medicine, and enriches the nutrient components of the high-deer medicine by a spray drying technology to enhance the oxidation resistance of the high-deer medicine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of spray-dried powder and Vc on DPPH radical scavenging;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of spray-dried powder and Vc on scavenging hydroxyl radicals;
FIG. 3 shows the effect of spray-dried powder and Vc on scavenging ABTS free radicals.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples.
The main nutrient components of the high deer medicine in the embodiment of the invention are measured as follows:
① amino acid composition determination, the amino acid content is determined by referring to the method of the national standard GB/T5009.124-2003.
TABLE 1 high deer medicine amino acid content
| Name of item | Content (%) |
| ASP aspartic acid | 0.31 |
| THR threonine* | 0.21 |
| SER serine | 0.13 |
| GLU glutamic acid | 2.70 |
| GLY Glycine | 0.61 |
| ALA alanine | 0.80 |
| Cys cystine | 0.10 |
| VAL valine* | 1.55 |
| MET methionine* | 0.30 |
| Ile isoleucine* | 0.96 |
| Leu leucine* | 1.66 |
| TYR tyrosine | 0.62 |
| PHE phenylalanine* | 0.95 |
| HIS histidine | 0.13 |
| LYS lysine* | 1.96 |
| ARG arginine | 1.53 |
| PRO proline | 0.47 |
| Total amount of amino acids | 14.99 |
Note: with essential amino acids
② content determination of mineral elements, the content of the mineral elements is determined by referring to the method of national standard NY/T1653-2008.
TABLE 2 high content of mineral elements in deer medicine
| Name of item | Content (wt.) |
| Zinc (in terms of Zn), mgkg | 98.6 |
| Iron (in terms of Fe), mgkg | 612 |
| Manganese (in Me), mg/kg | 152 |
| Copper (in terms of Cu), mgkg | 27.6 |
| Sodium (as Na), mgkg | 43.6 |
| Cobalt (as Co), mgkg | 0.326 |
| Magnesium (in mg)% | 0.202 |
| Calcium (in ca)% | 0.274 |
| Phosphorus (in terms of P),% | 1.06 |
| Potassium (in K),% | 3.74 |
③ and measuring the content of other components, namely measuring the protein content by referring to the method of GB 5009.5-2010, measuring the moisture content by referring to the method of GB 5009.3-2010, measuring the fat content by referring to the method of GB/T5009.6-2003, and measuring the total ash content by referring to the method of GB 5009.4-2010.
TABLE 3 high content of other nutritional ingredients of deer drug
| Name of item | Content (wt.) |
| Protein content% | 42.10 |
| Water content% | 2.08 |
| Crude fat% | 2.01 |
| Ash content% | 10.30 |
| Total carbohydrate,% of | 42.79 |
| Energy, KJ/100g | 1517.5 |
As can be seen from tables 1, 2 and 3, the high deer medicine is rich in nutrient substances, the total amount of detected amino acids is 14.99%, 17 kinds of 20 kinds of amino acids are contained, and 7 kinds of essential amino acids are contained; the mineral element content is considerable, the K content is high, the Na content is low, the health-care food is very suitable for hypertension people, and the contents of trace elements Fe, Mn and Zn are high; the dry product contains 42.10% of protein and 42.79% of total carbohydrate, and has great development value.
Example 1
A preparation method of a dry powder of a rhaponticum carthamoides medicine comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: selecting fresh and moderate-maturity overground parts of the high deer medicine without insects, diseases, injuries and rottenness, sufficiently cleaning the overground parts of the high deer medicine with flowing water, airing the high deer medicine for a period of time, baking the high deer medicine in a baking oven at 45 ℃, crushing the high deer medicine after removing water by using a crusher, sieving the crushed high deer medicine with a 60-mesh sieve, taking a sample under the sieve, and sealing and storing the sample at 4 ℃; because the protein content is up to more than 40 percent, the cleaned high-quality deer medicine needs to be placed in a ventilated place for airing, the temperature of an oven is not too high, and the activity of protein and other nutrient substances can be damaged.
(2) Extracting by ultrasonic wave: mixing Cervus Elaphus (L.) Gaertn and distilled water at a ratio of 1:30 (g/mL), placing into an ultrasonic cleaning machine, extracting at 30 deg.C with power of 100W and ultrasonic time of 20min, vacuum filtering with a vacuum filtering device, and collecting extractive solution.
(3) Concentration: and (3) concentrating the extracting solution obtained in the step (2) by using a rotary evaporator until the content of soluble solid in the extracting solution reaches more than 10%.
(4) Spray drying, namely dissolving β -cyclodextrin into a sample solution according to the proportion of 5g/100mL by taking 200mL of a rhaponticum carthamoides concentrated solution as a basic amount, sequentially setting the spray drying, namely the feeding speed is 30mL/min, the air inlet temperature is 230 ℃, when the temperature rises to the air inlet temperature, starting to sample injection, and finally obtaining rhaponticum carthamoides spray dried powder, wherein the powder yield is 29.87 percent, and the calculation formula of the powder yield is as follows:
in the formula, m1M is the collected spray-dried powder (g)2Is the quality (g) of the medicinal powder of the great deer3The amount of the drying aid is (g).
Example 2
A preparation method of a dry powder of a rhaponticum carthamoides medicine comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: selecting fresh and moderate-maturity overground parts of the high deer medicine without insects, diseases, injuries and rottenness, sufficiently cleaning the overground parts of the high deer medicine with flowing water, airing the high deer medicine for a period of time, baking the high deer medicine in a baking oven at 40 ℃, crushing the high deer medicine after removing water by using a crusher, sieving the crushed high deer medicine with a 60-mesh sieve, taking a sample under the sieve, and sealing and storing the sample at 4 ℃; because the protein content is up to more than 40 percent, the cleaned high-quality deer medicine needs to be placed in a ventilated place for airing, the temperature of an oven is not too high, and the activity of protein and other nutrient substances can be damaged.
(2) Extracting by ultrasonic wave: mixing Cervus Elaphus (L.) Gaertn and distilled water at a ratio of 1:90(g/mL), placing into an ultrasonic cleaning machine, extracting at 70 deg.C with power of 500W and ultrasonic time of 120min, vacuum filtering with a vacuum filtering device, and collecting extractive solution.
(3) Concentration: and (3) concentrating the extracting solution obtained in the step (2) by using a rotary evaporator until the content of soluble solid in the extracting solution reaches more than 10%.
(4) Spray drying, namely dissolving β -cyclodextrin in a sample solution according to the proportion of 9g/100mL by taking 200mL of the rhaponticum carthamoides concentrated solution as a base amount, sequentially setting the spray drying, namely the feeding speed is 10mL/min, the air inlet temperature is 170 ℃, starting to sample when the temperature is raised to the air inlet temperature, and finally spraying and drying the rhaponticum carthamoides to obtain powder, wherein the powder yield is 29.02%.
Example 3
A preparation method of a dry powder of a rhaponticum carthamoides medicine comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: selecting fresh and moderate-maturity overground parts of the high deer medicine without insects, diseases, injuries and rottenness, sufficiently cleaning the overground parts of the high deer medicine with flowing water, airing the high deer medicine for a period of time, baking the high deer medicine in a baking oven at 48 ℃, crushing the high deer medicine without water by using a crusher, sieving the crushed high deer medicine with a 60-mesh sieve, taking a sample under the sieve, and sealing and storing the sample at 4 ℃; because the protein content is up to more than 40 percent, the cleaned high-quality deer medicine needs to be placed in a ventilated place for airing, the temperature of an oven is not too high, and the activity of protein and other nutrient substances can be damaged.
(2) Extracting by ultrasonic wave: mixing Cervus Elaphus (L.) Gaertn and distilled water at a ratio of 1:60(g/mL), placing into an ultrasonic cleaning machine, extracting at 50 deg.C with power of 300W and ultrasonic time of 100min, vacuum filtering with a vacuum filtering device, and collecting extractive solution.
(3) Concentration: and (3) concentrating the extracting solution obtained in the step (2) by using a rotary evaporator until the content of soluble solid in the extracting solution reaches more than 10%.
(4) Spray drying, namely dissolving β -cyclodextrin in a sample solution according to the proportion of 7g/100mL by taking 200mL of the rhaponticum carthamoides concentrated solution as a base amount, sequentially setting the spray drying, wherein the feeding speed is 20mL/min, the air inlet temperature is 200 ℃, when the temperature is raised to the air inlet temperature, the sample injection is started, and finally the rhaponticum carthamoides spray dried powder is obtained, wherein the powder yield is 29.16%.
The method disclosed by the embodiment 1-3 of the invention changes the form and density of the rhaponticum carthamoides by spray drying, the rhaponticum carthamoides extract does not bear high temperature in the whole process, the quality of the rhaponticum carthamoides extract is affected, the flavor, the color and rich nutrient substances of the rhaponticum carthamoides are still effectively reserved, the produced dry powder is good in quality, low in water content and low in water activity, the volume is reduced by 70%, and the rhaponticum carthamoides extract is convenient to eat, transport and store; the product characteristics are as follows: pure fragrance, original taste and flavor, guaranteed quality, natural color and good instant solubility.
The antioxidant activity of the spray-dried powder of gaohua medicine of example 3 was analyzed by the following specific method:
(1) DPPH radical scavenging test
Diluting the sample solution to a target concentration gradient, accurately absorbing 2mL of sample solution with different concentrations, adding the sample solution into a test tube with a plug scale, adding 2mL of DPPH solution, shaking up, carrying out heat preservation reaction in a water bath at 37 ℃ for 30min, taking out, measuring the absorbance value AS at 517nm, replacing the sample with distilled water for a blank group, and measuring the absorbance value AC at 517 nm; the above test was repeated and recorded by preparing a vitamin C solution having the same concentration as the sample solution.
(2) Scavenging test for hydroxyl radical
Diluting the sample solution to a target concentration gradient, and sequentially adding 1mL of 9mmol/L salicylic acid, 1mL of 0.75mmol/L ferrous sulfate solution, 1mL of sample solution with different target concentrations and 0.01% H into a test tube with a plug scale2O21mL and 4mL of distilled water, the volume of the total reaction system is 8mL, the solution is taken out for reaction at 37 ℃ in a dark place for 30min, an ultraviolet spectrophotometer is used for measuring and recording the absorbance value A at 510nmXUsing absolute ethyl alcohol to replace a sample to measure a distilled water sample solution for a blank group of the light absorption sample, namely adding no sample, adding 5mL of distilled water, and measuring the absorbance value of the solution at 510nm by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer to be recorded as A0And the value is recorded as Ax0The above test was repeated by preparing a vitamin C solution having the same concentration as the sample solution and recording.
(3) ABTS free radical scavenging assay
Diluting the sample solution to target concentration gradient, removing 0.1mL of sample diluent, reacting with 3.9mL of ABTS working solution in dark for 7min, blank-controlling with 70% ethanol, and measuring absorbance value A at 734nm with ultraviolet spectrophotometerxThe sample is replaced by distilled water, and the measured absorbance value is A0The zero adjusting group is 70% ethanol; the above test was repeated and recorded by preparing a vitamin C solution having the same concentration as the sample solution.
Fig. 1 to 3 show that the sample has a lower effect of removing DPPH free radicals than Vc, but considering the purity of Vc and the amount of impurities in the sample, the antioxidant effect of the spray-dried powder of rhaponticum carthamoides is good, and from fig. 1, it can be seen that the capability of removing DPPH free radicals increases with the increase of the mass concentration of the solution of the spray-dried powder of rhaponticum carthamoides, and the IC50 of the spray-dried powder of rhaponticum carthamoides to DPPH can be calculated to be 357.99 μ g/mL according to the formula.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the ability of the rhaponticum carthamoides spray-dried powder to remove hydroxyl radicals is gradually enhanced along with the increase of the concentration, but is lower than Vc with the same concentration, the effect of the rhaponticum carthamoides spray-dried powder on removing the hydroxyl radicals is obviously improved in a detection concentration range, and the IC50 value of the rhaponticum carthamoides spray-dried powder on the hydroxyl radicals is 333.03 mug/mL according to a formula.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the clearance rates of the Vc and the high deer medicine spray-dried powder on ABTS free radicals are increased along with the increase of the substance concentration, and a good linear relationship is presented, the clearance rate of the high deer medicine spray-dried powder with the same concentration is lower than that of Vc, the high deer medicine spray-dried powder has obvious clearance effect on ABTS free radicals, and the IC50 value of the high deer medicine spray-dried powder on ABTS is 219.27 mug/mL.
The spray-dried powders described in examples 1 and 2 were analyzed by the same method, and the obtained spray-dried powders exhibited a scavenging effect on DPPH radicals, hydroxyl radicals and ABTS radicals, and the effect was also good.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of a dry powder of a rhaponticum carthamoides medicine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: selecting fresh, insect-free, disease-free, wound-free and rotten overground parts of the rhaponticum carthamoides, fully cleaning the overground parts with flowing water, then airing the rhaponticum carthamoides in a ventilated place for a period of time, putting the rhaponticum carthamoides into an oven for baking, crushing the rhaponticum carthamoides after moisture removal by using a crusher, sieving the crushed rhaponticum carthamoides with a 60-mesh sieve, taking a sample below the sieve, and sealing and storing the sample at 4 ℃;
(2) extracting by ultrasonic wave: preparing a rhaponticum carthamoides drug and distilled water according to the mass-volume ratio of 1: 30-1: 90(g/mL), putting the rhaponticum carthamoides drug and distilled water into an ultrasonic cleaning machine for ultrasonic extraction, then performing suction filtration by using a suction filtration device, and collecting an extracting solution for later use;
(3) concentration: concentrating the extracting solution obtained in the step (2) by using a rotary evaporator until the content of soluble solids in the extracting solution is 5-25%;
(4) and (3) spray drying, namely dissolving β -cyclodextrin into the sample solution according to the proportion of 5-9 g/100mL by taking 200mL of the rhaponticum carthamoides concentrated solution as a base amount, sequentially setting the spray drying feeding speed to be 10-30 mL/min, the air inlet temperature to be 170-230 ℃, starting to sample when the temperature rises to the air inlet temperature, and finally obtaining the rhaponticum carthamoides spray drying powder.
2. The method for preparing the dry powder of the rhaponticum carthamoides as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the baking temperature in the step (1) is 40-48 ℃.
3. The method for preparing the dry powder of the rhaponticum carthamoides as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the ultrasonic extraction conditions in the step (2) are as follows: the ultrasonic power is 100-500W, the ultrasonic time is 20-120 min, and the ultrasonic temperature is 30-70 ℃.
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