CN110999598A - Straw deeply-buried bionic spiral ditching device - Google Patents
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- CN110999598A CN110999598A CN201911364487.0A CN201911364487A CN110999598A CN 110999598 A CN110999598 A CN 110999598A CN 201911364487 A CN201911364487 A CN 201911364487A CN 110999598 A CN110999598 A CN 110999598A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
- A01C5/064—Devices for making drills or furrows with rotating tools
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
A straw deep-buried bionic spiral ditching device belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. The bionic soil cutting device comprises a cutter shaft, bionic spiral blades, a bottom soil cutting blade and a cutter point, wherein the bionic spiral blades are symmetrically arranged on the cutter shaft in a double-helix mode, the bottom soil cutting blade is arranged at the bottom ends of the bionic double-spiral blades, and the cutter point is arranged at the grounding end of the cutter shaft. The double-helix blades are symmetrically arranged, so that the problem of uneven stress of the furrow opener is solved, and the problem of poor linearity of machine tool advancing is solved; and set up bottom soil cutting blade in double helix blade bottom, set up the knife tip at arbor earthing terminal, it is good to bury the performance, and the resistance is little, and overall structure is simple compact, can not form great clod in the ditching process to can play the effect of soil deep loosening. The invention relates to a straw deep-burying ditching device with an agricultural machine, which belongs to the first creation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a straw deep-buried bionic spiral ditching device.
Background
The straw is deeply buried and returned to the field, so that the environmental pollution caused by straw burning is reduced, and meanwhile, the soil structure can be improved, and the soil fertility is improved. The straw returning machine at home and abroad has various types, but most machines can only realize direct returning of the ground surface or returning of the ground surface to the field in a shallow layer, so that the corn straws are not easy to rot, and the soil moisture is easy to run in spring after returning the ground surface to the field, thereby influencing the rate of emergence of crops. The straw returning in the mode is carried out in dry land in northeast China for a long time, so that the plough bottom layer is thickened and moves upwards, the soil plough layer becomes shallow, the growth of the corn root system is not facilitated, and the improvement of the corn yield is restricted. The agricultural experts propose that the straws are deeply buried and returned to the field, the plough bottom layer is broken, and a reasonable plough layer structure is constructed, so that the soil fertility is enhanced, and rainwater easily forms a 'reservoir' for storing water and accommodating water in the deep layer of the underground straws in summer to prevent waterlogging.
The key for realizing the function of returning the straw to the field deeply lies in a ditching device, and various ditchers with ditching depth smaller than 25cm comprise a furrow opener, a disc type ditcher and the like. However, in the process of ditching by the furrow opener, soil is turned upwards along the plough curved surface and is easy to form large soil blocks; the ditching width and the depth of the disc type ditcher are difficult to achieve ideal targets. The ditching operation is still the main problem in the operation process of the straw deep-burying returning machine. In addition, the existing ditching device has insufficient ditching depth and large ditching resistance in the working process, and is not easy to realize the deep burying of straws.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the utility model provides a straw deep-burying bionic spiral ditching device. The machine integrates vertical milling, lifting and throwing, has a compact structure, can not form large soil blocks in the ditching process, can play a role in deeply loosening soil, and meets the technical requirement of straw smashing and deep-burying returning to fields.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a straw deep-burying bionic spiral ditching device which comprises a cutter shaft, bionic spiral blades, bottom soil cutting blades and a cutter point, wherein the bionic spiral blades are symmetrically arranged on the cutter shaft in a double-helix mode, the bottom soil cutting blades are arranged at the bottom ends of the bionic double-spiral blades, and the cutter point is arranged at the grounding end of the cutter shaft.
Preferably, the surface of the bionic spiral blade is provided with a plurality of bionic spherical crown-shaped bulges, so that the effects of resistance reduction and soil removal are realized.
Preferably, the protrusions are arranged in a plurality of rows along the bionic helical blade, and the protrusions in two adjacent rows are arranged in a staggered manner.
Preferably, the distance between the center of the outermost protrusion of the bionic spiral blade and the edge of the blade is 20-40 mm; the distance between two adjacent rows of bulges is 25-35 mm.
Preferably, the external diameter d of the convex part of the spherical crown shape is 10-16mm, and the height is 5-8 mm.
Preferably, a plurality of small soil cutting blades are uniformly arranged at intervals along the outer spiral line on the edge of the bionic spiral blade; the length a of the small soil cutting blade extending out of the spiral blade is 25mm, the width b of the small soil cutting blade is 30mm, and the cutting edge angle gamma of the blade is 30 degrees.
Preferably, the initial helical angle of the bionic helical blade is α 06 DEG, the maximum helix angle and the variation range of the thread pitch are according to the formula
And calculating to obtain the formula, wherein P is the pitch of the helical blade, and D is the diameter of the helical blade.
Preferably, the bottom soil cutting blade 4 has an angle of penetration δ of 25 ° and a width c of 80 mm.
Preferably, the tool nose is a forked tool bit, one end of the tool nose is a mounting end, the other end of the tool nose is a tool nose portion, a U-shaped groove is formed in the tool nose portion, symmetrical tool edges are arranged on two sides of the U-shaped groove, and the tool angle lambda is 25-45 degrees.
Preferably, the maximum section outer diameter W of the cutting edge is larger than the outer diameter D of the cutting edge part at the mounting end, the maximum rotation diameter W of the cutting edge is 100-160mm, and the height is 0.9W-1.2W.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the double-helix blades are symmetrically arranged, so that the problem of uneven stress of the furrow opener is solved, and the problem of poor linearity of machine tool advancing is solved; and set up bottom soil cutting blade in double helix blade bottom, set up the knife tip at arbor earthing terminal, it is good to bury the performance, and the resistance is little, and overall structure is simple compact, can not form great clod in the ditching process to can play the effect of soil deep loosening.
2. According to the invention, through the bionic bulge design on the surface of the spiral blade, in the tangential direction, as the soil is not easy to contact with the surface of the bulge, larger stress is formed on the surface of the bulge 6. When the tangential component is greater than the adhesive friction, the soil moves and then detaches from the surface of the helical blade 2. In the normal direction, the work of adhesion between the soil and the surface of the helical blade 2 is reduced due to the degeneration energy consumption caused by the deformation of the bulge, and when the cohesive force in the soil is greater than the adhesive force between the soil and the helical blade, the soil can be desorbed. In addition, the protrusions can also destroy the continuity of a water film generated when the smooth surface is in contact with soil, so as to reduce the adhesion force and improve the viscosity reduction and resistance reduction characteristics.
3. The spiral lead of the spiral blade is set, the conveying space is enlarged, the spiral blade is prevented from being blocked by soil, and the soil is cut to generate inertia force for ascending and conveying through the high-speed rotation of the spiral blade.
4. According to the invention, the small soil cutting blade is added at the edge of the spiral blade to enhance the strength of the bionic spiral blade and the axis of the cutter shaft, so that the blade is prevented from deforming due to larger stress during ditching.
5. The invention has simple and compact structure, integrates vertical milling, lifting and throwing, has good effect, high depth, low energy consumption, smaller size and simple transmission layout, achieves the effects of crushing straws, deeply burying and returning the straws to the field, fertilizing soil fertility and enhancing soil organic matters, and meets the technical requirement of deep burying and returning the straws constructed in a reasonable plough layer in the southern brown soil area in the northeast plain on the ditching depth and width.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the expansion structure of the bionic helical blade in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the configuration of the earth-cutting blade of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a left side view of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the bottom soil cutting blade of fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the tip of fig. 1.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the soil stress analysis of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the soil cutting machine comprises a cutter shaft, 2 helical blades, 3 small soil cutting blades, 4 bottom soil cutting blades, 5 cutter tips, 6 bulges and 7 flange plates.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
Example 1: as shown in figure 1, the straw deep-burying bionic spiral ditching device comprises a cutter shaft 1, bionic spiral blades 2, a bottom soil cutting blade 4 and a cutter point 5, wherein the bionic spiral blades 2 are symmetrically arranged on the cutter shaft 1 in a double-helix manner, so that the stress is balanced, the lead is increased, and the problems of soil blockage and poor advancing linearity are solved; bottom soil cutting blades 4 are arranged at the bottom ends of the bionic helical blades 2, and a cutter point 5 is arranged at the grounding end of the cutter shaft 1.
The power is obtained by connecting the flange plate connected with the cutter shaft 1 with the reduction gearbox. The bionic helical blade 2 is welded with the cutter shaft 1, so that the bionic helical blade rotates at a high speed to finish the upward conveying of the soil.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the surface of the bionic helical blade 2 is provided with a plurality of spherical crown-shaped protrusions 6, so that the effects of resistance reduction and soil removal are easy to realize. The protrusions 6 are arranged in a plurality of rows along the bionic helical blade 2, the bionic helical blade is arranged in two rows in the embodiment, and the protrusions 6 in the two rows are arranged in a staggered mode. The distance between the center of the outermost protrusion of the bionic spiral blade 2 and the edge of the blade is 20-40mm, and in this case, 30mm is selected; the number of the rows of the protrusions is set according to the width of the blade, and the distance between the protrusions in two adjacent rows is 25-35 mm; the external diameter d of the convex part 6 of the spherical crown shape is 10-16mm (d is 12mm in the embodiment) and the height is 5-8mm (the height is 6mm in the embodiment), and the embodiment is formed by adopting a stainless steel electrode for surfacing. The viscosity and resistance reducing characteristics of the furrow opener are improved through the bionic bulge design on the surface of the bionic spiral blade 2; and the spiral lead is increased, so that the conveying space is increased, and the bionic spiral blade 2 is prevented from being blocked by soil.
During the soil transportation process of the helical blade 2, the adhesion of the soil is mainly reflected in tangential adhesion and normal adhesion. In the tangential direction, a large stress is formed at the surface of the projection 6 because the soil does not easily contact the surface of the projection 6. When the tangential component is greater than the adhesive friction, the soil moves and then detaches from the surface of the helical blade 2. In the normal direction, the variable performance consumption generated by the deformation of the bulge 6 causes the adhesion work of the soil and the surface of the spiral blade 2 to be reduced, and when the cohesive force in the soil is greater than the adhesion force of the soil and the spiral blade 2, the soil can be desorbed. In addition, the protrusions can also destroy the continuity of a water film generated when the smooth surface is in contact with soil, so as to reduce the adhesion force and improve the viscosity reduction and resistance reduction characteristics.
As shown in fig. 1-2, in order to increase the cutting of the bionic helical blade 2 on soil under normal operation, a plurality of small soil cutting blades 3 are welded on the edge of the bionic helical blade 2 at regular intervals along the outer spiral line, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the length a of the small soil cutting blades extending out of the helical blade is 25mm, the width of the small soil cutting blades is 30mm, the blade cutting angle γ is 30 °, and 65Mn is selected as a material. So as to reduce the spiral ditching resistance, reduce the wearing and tearing of the bionic helical blade 2, prevent that the atress is great when ditching, the bionic helical blade 2 produces the deformation.
The bionic helical blade 2 has the advantages of expanded external arc length 1138mm, internal arc length 435mm and installation diameter D of 350mm, and the initial helical angle of the bionic helical blade is α06 DEG, the maximum helix angle and the variation range of the thread pitch are according to the formula
It is calculated that P is the pitch of the helical blade and D is the diameter of the helical blade, the maximum helix angle of this example is αmax12.94 degrees, the pitch P is in the range of 115mm-250mm (the pitch P is 200mm in the present example); the spiral line rising number of turns of the bionic spiral blade 2 is determined according to the ditching depth and the pitch P, and the spiral line rising number of turns of the bionic spiral blade is set to be 1 turn.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the bottom soil cutting blade 5 is welded at the bottom end of the bionic helical blade 2, so that the soil penetration characteristic is improved: the soil-entering angle delta of the bottom soil-cutting blade 4 is 25 degrees, and the width c is 80 mm.
In order to smoothly complete the soil-entering operation, the tool tip 5 is connected with the cutter shaft 1 in a welding way. As shown in fig. 7, the knife tip 5 is a forked knife tip, one end is a mounting end, the other end is a knife tip portion, a U-shaped groove is formed at the knife tip portion, symmetrical knife edges are arranged on two sides of the U-shaped groove, and the knife edge angle λ is 25 ° -45 ° (in this example, the knife edge angle λ is 35 ° -35.)
Angle), the maximum section outer diameter W of the blade is larger than the outer diameter D of the blade part at the mounting end, the maximum rotation diameter W of the blade is 100-160mm (the rotation diameter W is 140mm in the present example), the height is 0.9-1.2W (the height is 150mm in the present example), the forked blade head is suitable for the operation of medium-sized machines, the soil penetration resistance is ensured to be small, the soil penetration performance is good, and the reliable operation can be ensured when the unit moves forward for cutting.
In the embodiment, the cutter shaft 1 is made of seamless steel pipes, the weight of the device is reduced by adopting a hollow shaft, and the cutter shaft 1 is connected with a reduction gearbox of a power machine through an upper flange 7.
The embodiment is arranged on a straw deep-burying returning machine for ditching. When ditching is carried out, the cutter shaft 1 transmits power output by the reduction gearbox to the bionic helical blade 2, so that the bionic helical blade 2 is driven to rotate at a high speed to carry out cutting movement, the cut soil generates inertia force to be lifted and conveyed, and the soil throws particles to a pit wall under the centrifugal force action of the bionic helical blade 2; due to the existence of friction force between soil and pit wall, the rotation angular velocity of soil particles is smaller than that of the rotary cutter shaft 1; meanwhile, due to the inclined rising form of the bionic helical blade 2, the soil slides upwards along the bionic helical blade 2 under the action of friction force and normal pressure and rises until being thrown out of the pit. As shown in fig. 8, which is a schematic diagram of the stress of soil, the soil gravity mg and the centrifugal force Fc at point a are decomposed to the tangential AC and normal AD directions, respectively. In the normal direction, the acting resultant force exerted on the soil flow unit is as follows:
FN＝mgcosβ+Fcsinβ
in which Fc is the centrifugal force to which the soil unit is subjected, FNThe resultant force of the soil flow units in the normal direction is shown in the specification, and β is an included angle between the absolute speed of soil particles and the horizontal plane.
In the tangential direction, the friction force borne by the soil flow unit is as follows:
F＝(mgcosβ+Fcsinβ)·f1
in the formula f1The coefficient of friction between the soil and the helicoids.
In order to ensure that the soil flow unit can move upwards, the resultant force of the soil gravity mg and the centrifugal force Fc in the tangential direction is ensured to be larger than the friction force F between the soil and the helical blade, namely the condition that the soil unit body can move upwards is that
In the calculation of the embodiment, the included angle β between the absolute speed of the soil and the horizontal plane is taken when the bottom end of the helical blade 2 is at the bottomminThe resultant force in the tangential direction was 122.5N and the frictional force was 29.7N, which were verified as 20 °, and the soil lifting condition was satisfied.
β is taken at the top of the helical blademaxAfter substituting 45 ° into the formula, the resultant force in the tangential direction was found to be 87.7N and the frictional force was found to be 54.9N, which satisfied the soil lifting condition.
Example 2: the difference between this example and example 1 is: the distance between the center of the outermost projection of the bionic helical blade 2 and the blade edge 20 is in this example; in the embodiment, 3 rows of bulges are arranged, and the distance between every two adjacent rows of bulges is 25 mm; the external diameter d of the spherical crown-shaped bulge 6 is 10mm, and the height is 5 mm. The pitch P is 115 mm; the blade angle lambda of the blade tip is 25 degrees, the maximum section outer diameter W of the blade is larger than the outer diameter D of the blade part at the mounting end, the maximum rotation diameter W of the blade is 100mm, and the height is 0.9W.
Example 3: the difference between this example and example 1 is: in this example, the distance between the center of the outermost protrusion of the bionic helical blade 2 and the edge of the blade is 40 mm; two rows of bulges are arranged in the embodiment, and the distance between the bulges is 35 mm; the external diameter d of the convex part 6 of the spherical crown shape is 16mm, and the height is 8 mm. The pitch P is 250 mm; the blade angle lambda of the blade tip is 45 degrees, the maximum section outer diameter W of the blade is larger than the outer diameter D of the blade part at the mounting end, the maximum rotation diameter W of the blade is 160mm, and the height is 1.2W.
It should be understood that the detailed description of the present invention is only for illustrating the present invention and is not limited by the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can be modified or substituted equally to achieve the same technical effects; as long as the use requirements are met, the method is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a bionical spiral ditching device is buried deeply to straw which characterized in that: the bionic soil cutting device comprises a cutter shaft, bionic spiral blades, a bottom soil cutting blade and a cutter point, wherein the bionic spiral blades are symmetrically arranged on the cutter shaft in a double-helix mode, the bottom soil cutting blade is arranged at the bottom ends of the bionic double-spiral blades, and the cutter point is arranged at the grounding end of the cutter shaft.
2. The straw deep-buried bionic spiral ditching device of claim 1, characterized in that: the surface of the bionic helical blade is provided with a plurality of bionic spherical crown-shaped bulges, so that the effect of resistance reduction and soil removal is realized.
3. The straw deep-buried bionic spiral ditching device of claim 2, characterized in that: the protrusions are arranged in a plurality of rows along the bionic helical blades, and two adjacent rows of protrusions are arranged in a staggered mode.
4. The straw deep-buried bionic spiral ditching device of claim 3, characterized in that: the distance between the center of the projection at the outermost side of the bionic spiral blade and the edge of the blade is 20-40 mm; the distance between two adjacent rows of bulges is 25-35 mm.
5. The straw deep-buried bionic spiral ditching device of claim 3, characterized in that: the diameter d of the shape of the convex part of the spherical crown is 10-16mm, and the height is 5-8 mm.
6. The straw deep-buried bionic spiral ditching device of claim 3, characterized in that: a plurality of small soil cutting blades are uniformly arranged at intervals along the outer spiral line on the edge of the bionic spiral blade; the length a of the small soil cutting blade extending out of the spiral blade is 25mm, the width b of the small soil cutting blade is 30mm, and the cutting edge angle gamma of the blade is 30 degrees.
7. The deep-buried bionic spiral ditching device for straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein the initial helical angle of the bionic helical blade is α06 DEG, the maximum helix angle and the variation range of the thread pitch are according to the formula
And calculating to obtain the formula, wherein P is the pitch of the helical blade, and D is the diameter of the helical blade.
8. The straw deep-buried bionic spiral ditching device of claim 7, characterized in that: the soil-entering angle delta of the bottom soil-cutting blade 4 is 25 degrees, and the width c is 80 mm.
9. The straw deep-buried bionic spiral ditching device of claim 7, characterized in that: the knife point is a forked knife head, one end of the knife head is a mounting end, the other end of the knife head is a knife tip portion, a U-shaped groove is formed in the knife point portion, symmetrical knife edges are arranged on two sides of the U-shaped groove, and the angle lambda of each knife edge ranges from 25 degrees to 45 degrees.
10. The straw deep-buried bionic spiral ditching device of claim 9, characterized in that: the maximum section outer diameter W of the cutting edge of the cutting tip is larger than the outer diameter D of the cutting part at the mounting end, the maximum rotation diameter W of the cutting edge is 100-160mm, and the height is 0.9-1.2W.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911364487.0A CN110999598A (en) | 2019-12-26 | 2019-12-26 | Straw deeply-buried bionic spiral ditching device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911364487.0A CN110999598A (en) | 2019-12-26 | 2019-12-26 | Straw deeply-buried bionic spiral ditching device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113115609A (en) * | 2021-05-29 | 2021-07-16 | 西北农林科技大学 | Spiral ditching fertilizer mixer |
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| CN204578982U (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-08-26 | 李阳铭 | A kind of augers of the subsoiling farming machine being convenient to bury |
| CN106717191A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-31 | 沈阳农业大学 | A kind of helical milling blade trench digging straw deep-burying and returning machine |
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2019
- 2019-12-26 CN CN201911364487.0A patent/CN110999598A/en active Pending
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| CN204578982U (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-08-26 | 李阳铭 | A kind of augers of the subsoiling farming machine being convenient to bury |
| CN106717191A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-31 | 沈阳农业大学 | A kind of helical milling blade trench digging straw deep-burying and returning machine |
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| CN113115609A (en) * | 2021-05-29 | 2021-07-16 | 西北农林科技大学 | Spiral ditching fertilizer mixer |
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Application publication date: 20200414 |