CN110995639A - Data transmission method - Google Patents

Data transmission method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110995639A
CN110995639A CN201910817672.4A CN201910817672A CN110995639A CN 110995639 A CN110995639 A CN 110995639A CN 201910817672 A CN201910817672 A CN 201910817672A CN 110995639 A CN110995639 A CN 110995639A
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China
Prior art keywords
data
header
transmission method
description
data transmission
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CN201910817672.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李军旗
王树华
刘庆
张学琴
郝尚华
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Shenzhen Jingjiang Yunchuang Technology Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Jingjiang Yunchuang Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/22Parsing or analysis of headers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/06Notations for structuring of protocol data, e.g. abstract syntax notation one [ASN.1]

Abstract

The invention provides a data transmission method, which comprises the following steps: carrying out structural description on the acquired data according to a preset data head format, and transmitting the data subjected to the structural description, wherein the data head format comprises: data ID, data type, data name, data description, data group ID to which the data belongs, data type, data metering unit and byte length of the data. According to the data transmission method provided by the invention, the data to be transmitted is structurally described according to the preset data head format, so that various types of data in the Internet of things can be automatically identified and analyzed, and interconnection and intercommunication among various different devices, devices and sensors, sensors and instruments, devices and cloud networks and the like in the Internet of things are realized.

Description

Data transmission method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a data transmission method.
Background
With the continuous development of communication technology, the era of internet of things and industrial internet has come. The essence and core of the industrial internet is that the equipment, production lines, factories, suppliers, products and customers are tightly connected and converged through an industrial internet platform. The method can help the manufacturing industry to elongate an industrial chain, and form cross-equipment, cross-system, cross-factory and cross-regional interconnection and intercommunication, thereby improving the efficiency and promoting the intellectualization of the whole manufacturing service system. However, the interconnection and intercommunication among devices, devices and sensors, sensors and instruments, devices and cloud networks, etc. in the internet of things and the industrial internet are established on the basis of the intercommunication of data, and the automatic identification and automatic analysis of data among different devices are important in the internet of things and the industrial internet. Therefore, a solution for implementing data interconnection is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a data transmission method, which realizes compatibility and intercommunication of data transmission in the internet of things.
The application provides a data transmission method, which comprises the following steps: carrying out structural description on the acquired data according to a preset data head format, and transmitting the data subjected to the structural description, wherein the data head format comprises: data ID, data type, data name, data description, data group ID to which the data belongs, data type, data metering unit and byte length of the data.
Preferably, before the structured description of the data, the method further comprises: and judging whether the data is numerical data or control data, and when the data is numerical data, performing structural description on the acquired data according to the preset data header format.
Preferably, the format of the data header further includes: the data access method comprises the following steps of upper limit of a data value, lower limit of the data value, central value of data, acquired data missing identification, data overrun identification, default access attribute of the data, generation time of the data and custom attribute.
Preferably, for data collected by the same device, the data with different attributes have different contents corresponding to the attributes in the data header.
Preferably, the program language of the structured description is Jason or XML.
Preferably, the data is collected by a system platform, a sensor, a device, an instrument, and/or equipment in the internet of things. 7. The data transmission method of claim 1, wherein prior to structurally describing the data, the method further comprises cleansing the collected data according to a preset cleansing rule.
Preferably, the method further comprises performing compliance checking on the data according to preset rules.
Preferably, the method for performing structured description on the data comprises: and setting the structural description content of the data header in front of the data.
Preferably, the data and the structured description attributes are stored and transmitted in a database.
According to the data transmission method provided by the invention, the data in the Internet of things to be transmitted are structurally described according to the preset data head format, so that various types of data in the Internet of things are automatically identified and analyzed, and interconnection and intercommunication among various different devices, devices and sensors, sensors and instruments, devices and cloud networks and the like in the Internet of things are realized. Furthermore, by interconnecting and intercommunicating data, various data in various fields such as industry, agriculture, fishery, mining industry, light industry, traffic management, smart city, and the like can be automatically identified and analyzed, and development of each industry can be promoted.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application environment architecture of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method for describing data in a structured manner according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a data structure subjected to structural description according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a data transmission method according to another embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a data structure subjected to a structural description according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a data structure subjected to structural description according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a data structure subjected to structural description according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a detailed description of the present invention will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, and the described embodiments are merely a subset of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than a complete embodiment. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application environment architecture of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the present embodiment, the data transmission method is applied to a communication system 100, and the communication system 100 includes, but is not limited to, a data acquisition unit 11, a gateway unit 12, and a data platform 13. The communication system 100 may be, but is not limited to, a communication system in the field of internet of things, for example, a communication system applied to various fields such as an industrial internet of things, an agricultural internet of things, a fishery internet of things, a mining internet of things, a light industry, traffic management, a smart city, and the like.
The Data Acquisition unit 11 may include a plurality of different types of Data Acquisition devices, for example, a field Data Acquisition device such as a sensor, an instrument, a radio frequency tag, a Programmable Logic Controller (Programmable Logic Controller), And a Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system. The data acquisition unit 11 is used for acquiring data from various data sources. For example, in the case of an industrial internet, the data source can be an industrial production resource, such as raw materials, production equipment, production environment, etc., or a data source that generates business-related management data, such as an enterprise information system, etc. The data collected by the data collecting unit 11 may include various types of data, such as operation parameter data, operating condition state parameters, environmental parameter data, and the like of the equipment, which is not limited in this disclosure.
The gateway unit 12 is configured to establish a communication connection between the data acquisition unit 11 and the data platform 13. The gateway unit 12 includes multiple layers of sub-gateways, each layer of sub-gateway includes multiple gateway devices 12a, the gateway device in the first layer of sub-gateway is connected to the data acquisition unit, and the multiple gateway devices 12a in the previous layer of sub-gateway are connected to one gateway device 12a in the next layer of sub-gateway. For example, as shown in fig. 1, the gateway unit 12 includes a first-layer sub-gateway and a second-layer sub-gateway, each gateway device in the first-layer sub-gateway is connected to the data acquisition unit 11, a plurality of gateway devices in the first-layer sub-gateway are connected to one gateway device in the second-layer sub-gateway, and all gateway devices in the second-layer sub-gateway are connected to the data platform 13.
The data acquired by the data acquisition unit 11 is structurally described according to preset rules in the process of being transmitted to the data platform through the gateway unit 12, and the structurally described data is converged on the data platform 13, so that the data acquisition system can be used for various applications such as data transaction, exchange, sharing, product information tracing and the like.
In the process of transmitting data through the communication system, the data structurally described through the preset rules can realize automatic identification and analysis of various types of data in the Internet of things, and interconnection and intercommunication among various different devices, devices and sensors, sensors and sensors, devices and instruments, devices and cloud networks and the like in the Internet of things are realized. Furthermore, by interconnecting and intercommunicating data, various data in various fields such as industry, agriculture, fishery, mining industry, light industry, traffic management, smart cities and the like can be automatically identified and analyzed, and the development of each industry is promoted.
The data transmission method is specifically described below with reference to fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of the invention. The order of the steps in the flow chart may be changed and some steps may be omitted according to different needs. For convenience of explanation, only portions related to the embodiments of the present invention are shown.
As shown in fig. 2, the data transmission method includes the following steps.
And step S1, collecting data.
The data may be collected by a data collection unit such as a system platform, sensor, device, instrument, equipment, etc. The data may be numerical data, for example, or may be control data.
The numerical data is data that is acquired as a numerical value, for example, a temperature value acquired by a temperature sensor.
The control type data refers to data related to control of other devices, such as control commands for controlling other platforms, sensors, instruments, equipment, devices, and the like, control command parameters, ID numbers of target devices for commands, interfaces of target devices for commands, and the like.
In some preferred embodiments, the analysis based on the collected data may produce erroneous results due to the possible problems of incomplete data, duplicate data, default data, redundant data, etc. Accordingly, the method further comprises performing a cleaning and/or compliance check on the acquired data.
In one embodiment, cleansing the acquired data comprises: and carrying out redundancy removal, residue removal and noise removal on the acquired data according to a preset cleaning rule algorithm. The preset cleaning rule algorithm can be a missing value deleting method, a mean value filling method or a hot card filling method. The missing value deleting method is to directly discard the samples with missing values in the data. The mean value filling method is that data are divided into a plurality of groups according to the attribute with the maximum attribute correlation coefficient of the missing value in the collected data, then the mean value of each group is calculated respectively, and the mean values are put into the numerical value of the missing value. The hot card filling method is to find an object similar to the missing value in the database and then fill the value of the object into the value of the missing value. In this embodiment, the data cleaning further includes classifying and aggregating the processed data according to predefined classification rules and the features of the processed data, so as to obtain one or more groups of data sets with the same class of features.
In one embodiment, the compliance check on the data may include a value range check and a field length check. And if the inspection confirms that the non-compliant data exists, discarding the data.
And step S2, performing structural description on the data according to a preset data head, and transmitting the data subjected to structural description to a preset target device.
The method for performing the structured description on the data according to the data head is specifically described below with reference to fig. 3 and 4. As shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the structuring the data according to a preset data header includes:
step S201, determining whether the collected data is numerical data or control data, executing step S202 when the data is numerical data, and executing step S203 when the data is control data.
The data collected by the data collection units such as system platforms, sensors, devices, instruments, equipment and the like generally include two types: one is numerical data, and the content of the data is specific numerical values, such as a temperature value acquired by a temperature sensor, a humidity value acquired by a humidity sensor, and the like; the other is control type data, which refers to control instructions for other devices (including but not limited to platforms, sensors, instruments, devices, etc.). Since the contents of the numerical data and the control data are different, the data header 0 of different formats is adopted for the numerical data and the control data.
Step S202, performing a structured description on the data according to the numeric data header 0, wherein the format of the numeric data header 0 includes but is not limited to: data ID, data type, data name, data description, data group ID to which the data belongs, data type (numerical type), data measurement unit, and byte length of the data.
The data ID is a unique identifier of data, the ID of a data group to which the data belongs is a unique identifier of a data group to which the data belongs, and one data group may include one or more data.
In other embodiments, the format of the numeric data header 0 may further include: the data access method comprises the following steps of data value upper limit, data value lower limit, data center value, collected data missing identification, data overrun identification, data default access attribute (R: read only; W: write only; RW: read and write), data generation time, custom attribute and the like.
For example, for a humidity sensor with the number of 20190828Tsensor, after a plurality of data within one or a day are collected, the data are structurally described according to the data header 0, and then attributes such as a data ID, a data type, a data name, a data description, a data group ID to which the data belong, a data type (numerical type), a data measurement unit, and a data byte length are added to the data.
In this embodiment, for a series of data collected by the same device, according to different attributes of the data, the contents of the attributes in the data header 0 may be the same or different, for example, if the data header 0 is used to describe temperature data collected by a temperature sensor in a certain area, and an upper limit/a lower limit of a temperature in the daytime may be different from an upper limit/a lower limit of a temperature in the evening, an upper limit of a data value in the data header 0 corresponding to data transmitted in the daytime is different from an upper limit of a data value in the data header 0 corresponding to data transmitted in the evening.
Step S203, performing a structured description on the data according to the control type data header 0, wherein the format of the control type data header 0 includes but is not limited to: the method comprises the steps of data ID, data type, self-defined enumeration type (command type), control command name, control command function description, control command, command target equipment ID, command interface, command parameter number n and command parameters 1 and …, wherein the number n of the command parameters is a positive integer which is more than or equal to 1.
The numeric data header 0 and the control data header 0 are structural descriptions of core data.
Step S204, adding a data header 1 in front of the data structurally described by the data header 0 to obtain first target data, wherein the format of the data header 1 comprises an equipment ID, an equipment type, an equipment name and an equipment function.
In one embodiment, the data header 1 is a description of a data group, and one data group may include a plurality of data.
Before a series of data collected by the same equipment are sent through a first-layer gateway, the data header 1 is added. The data header 1 added to all data generated by the same device is the same for the same device, and is used for indicating the relevant information of the device generating the data.
In some embodiments, the structured description data may include only the collected data and the data header 0 and the data header 1. The data header 0 is a description of core data, and the data header 1 is a description of a data group to which data belongs.
In other embodiments, after the acquired data is structurally described by the data header 0 and the data header 1, each time the data is transmitted through one layer of sub-gateways, the data header corresponding to the layer of sub-gateways is added to the data subjected to the structural description. For example, before data generated by different devices in the same workshop is converged to a general gateway corresponding to the whole company through a sub-gateway, a data header for describing flow data information of the workshop, a production line and the like is added, so that the data is structurally described again. Before all data of the whole company are sent to a data platform through a general gateway to be summarized so as to realize data transaction and sharing, a data header for describing data source information such as an industry type, an industry field, a company name, a company address and the like is added.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the structurally describing the data according to a preset data head may further include:
step S205, after the first target data is transmitted through the first layer of sub-gateways, performing structural description on the first target data according to a data header 2 to obtain second target data, wherein the data header 2 includes description on production process information.
In one embodiment, the data header 2 includes: product name, project name, process number and production line number.
In one embodiment, the data header 2 includes: project, department, process name, and process number.
In one embodiment, the data header 2 includes: project, department, product name, product number.
In another embodiment, the data header 2 includes: product number, project, department, production line number.
In yet another embodiment, the data header 2 includes a product/item/department, process name/process number.
Before data generated by different devices in the same factory, the same workshop and the same department are sent to the next-layer sub-gateway through the first-layer sub-gateway, the data are structurally described through the data header 2 and are used for describing product names, project names, process information, production line information and the like corresponding to the data.
For example, for a mobile phone processing factory, the hua mobile phone hua wei Mate 20 processing process includes three parts of shell processing, electronic component assembly testing and product packaging, and shell processing data, electronic component assembly testing data and packaging data can be acquired through shell processing equipment, assembly testing equipment and product packaging equipment respectively. Then, after the data acquired by each device are structurally described by the data header 0 and the data header 1, the format of the data header 2 added before the housing processing data is "HUAWEI Mate 20_ housing processing _ production line 5", the format of the data header 2 added before the electronic component assembling test data is "HUAWEI Mate 20_ electronic component assembling test _ production line 2", and the format of the data header 2 added before the packaging data is "HUAWEI Mate 20_ packaging _ production line 1".
In this embodiment, the method further comprises:
step S206: after the second target data is transmitted through the second-layer sub-gateway, the second target data is structurally described according to a data header 3, wherein the data header 3 includes but is not limited to a product type, an industry field, a company name, and a company address.
For example, for production and processing data and test data of 3D metal printing material company in shenzhen, a second layer of sub-gateways transmits the second target data, and then the second target data is added with attribute information such as "metal material _ production _ xxx material company _ shenzhen" of data header 3.
After the data is structurally described by the data header 0, the data header 1, the data header 2, and the data header 3, the data is sent to a target device, for example, to a data platform for aggregating various data to perform exchange, sharing, and transaction. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a data structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
It is understood that, in some embodiments, after the data is structurally described according to the data header 0 and the data header 1, the data can also be structurally described directly according to the data header 3 without adding the data header 2. In some embodiments, after the data is structurally described according to the data header 0 and the data header 1, the data is further structurally described by the data header 2 and then directly sent to the target device without passing through the structural description of the data header 3.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a first method for performing structured description on the data is: and setting the structural description content of the data head in front of the data and simultaneously transmitting the structural description content to the preset target device. Similar to the data format in the conventional communication protocol, a data structured description attribute related to the data is provided while the data is transmitted, and when the data is used, the data is received and displayed according to the structured description file. In this way, the data transmission amount is small, but when the data is used, the data needs to be analyzed according to the data header.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a second method for performing structured description on the data is: the data is directly converted according to the format of the data header, and each data comprises a data structural description attribute, namely, the data and the structural description attributes are directly stored and transmitted in a database mode. When the data transmission method is used, a user can directly use the data according to the structured description of the data without performing additional data analysis, but the data transmission quantity is larger in the method.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the first and second data structure description methods may be combined.
In the embodiment of the invention, Jason or XML is used as a program language of the structured description, so that the structured definition and description of the data have universality and usability.
It is understood that in other embodiments of the present invention, other programming languages may be used as the language for the structured description.
Referring to fig. 5, a flow chart of a data transmission method according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown, where the method includes:
step S501, data is sent/received, the data comprises data content, a data head 0 and a data head 1, wherein the data head 0 is a numerical data head 0 or a control data head 0, and the numerical data head 0 comprises a data ID, a data type, a data name, a data description, a data group ID to which the data belongs, a data type (numerical type), a data metering unit and a data byte length; the control type data header 0 includes: data ID, data type, user-defined enumeration type (command type), control command name, control command function description, control command, command target equipment ID, command interface, command parameter number and command parameter; the data header 1 includes a device ID, a device type, a device name, and a device function. The data format is shown in fig. 6.
In one embodiment, the data further includes a data header 2 in addition to the data header 0 and the data header 1, as shown in fig. 7. Wherein, the data head 2 includes but is not limited to any one of the following:
product name, project name, process number and production line number;
project, department, process name, process number;
project, department, product name, product number;
product number, project, department, line number;
product or item or department, process name or process number.
In one embodiment, the data includes a data header 3 in addition to the data header 0 and the data header 1, as shown in fig. 8. The data header 3 includes, but is not limited to, a product type, an industry field, a company name, and a company address.
In one embodiment, the data includes the data header 0, the data header 1, the data header 2, and the data header 3, as shown in fig. 4.
According to the data transmission method provided by the invention, the data in the Internet of things to be transmitted are structurally described according to the preset data head format, so that various types of data in the Internet of things are automatically identified and analyzed, and interconnection and intercommunication among various different devices, devices and sensors, sensors and instruments, devices and cloud networks and the like in the Internet of things are realized. Furthermore, by interconnecting and intercommunicating data, various data in various fields such as industry, agriculture, fishery, mining industry, light industry, traffic management, smart city, and the like can be automatically identified and analyzed, and development of each industry can be promoted. Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method of data transmission, the method comprising:
carrying out structural description on the acquired data according to a preset data head format, and transmitting the data subjected to the structural description, wherein the data head format comprises: data ID, data type, data name, data description, data group ID to which the data belongs, data type, data metering unit and byte length of the data.
2. The data transmission method of claim 1, wherein prior to structurally describing the data, the method further comprises: and judging whether the data is numerical data or control data, and when the data is numerical data, performing structural description on the acquired data according to the preset data header format.
3. The data transmission method of claim 1, wherein the format of the data header further comprises: the data access method comprises the following steps of upper limit of a data value, lower limit of the data value, central value of data, acquired data missing identification, data overrun identification, default access attribute of the data, generation time of the data and custom attribute.
4. The data transmission method according to claim 1, wherein for data collected by the same device, the data of different attributes have different contents corresponding to the attributes in the data header.
5. The data transmission method of claim 1, wherein the programming language of the structured description is Jason or XML.
6. The data transmission method of claim 1, wherein the data is data collected by a system platform, a sensor, a device, an instrument, and/or equipment in the internet of things.
7. The data transmission method of claim 1, wherein prior to structurally describing the data, the method further comprises cleansing the collected data according to a preset cleansing rule.
8. The data transmission method according to claim 1 or 7, wherein the method further comprises performing compliance checking on the data according to a preset rule.
9. The data transmission method of claim 1, wherein the method of structurally describing the data comprises: and setting the structural description content of the data header in front of the data.
10. The data transmission method of claim 1, wherein the data and the structured description attributes are stored and transmitted in a database.
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111698336A (en) * 2020-06-30 2020-09-22 深圳市华盛昌科技实业股份有限公司 Internet of things information transmission method and device and terminal
CN112073369A (en) * 2020-07-29 2020-12-11 国网浙江桐乡市供电有限公司 Encrypted communication method based on application layer
CN112073370A (en) * 2020-07-29 2020-12-11 国网浙江桐乡市供电有限公司 Client encryption communication method
CN112073369B (en) * 2020-07-29 2022-06-17 国网浙江桐乡市供电有限公司 Encrypted communication method based on application layer
CN115297191A (en) * 2022-09-30 2022-11-04 成都云智北斗科技有限公司 Multi-data-stream server
CN115297191B (en) * 2022-09-30 2022-12-16 成都云智北斗科技有限公司 Multi-data-stream server

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Application publication date: 20200410