CN110995341B - Optical fiber time delay measuring method and device based on light-carrying microwave interference - Google Patents

Optical fiber time delay measuring method and device based on light-carrying microwave interference Download PDF

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CN110995341B
CN110995341B CN201911362801.1A CN201911362801A CN110995341B CN 110995341 B CN110995341 B CN 110995341B CN 201911362801 A CN201911362801 A CN 201911362801A CN 110995341 B CN110995341 B CN 110995341B
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microwave
optical carrier
time delay
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李树鹏
潘时龙
朱楠
刘世锋
傅剑斌
卿婷
潘万胜
张心贲
刘涛
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Suzhou 614 Information Technology Co ltd
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
    • H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
    • H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
    • H04B10/0795—Performance monitoring; Measurement of transmission parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
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Abstract

The invention discloses an optical fiber time delay measuring method based on optical carrier microwave interference, which comprises the steps of coupling two paths of optical carriers with different wavelengths into one path, and modulating the intensity of the optical carriers by microwave signals; separating two paths of optical carrier microwave signals with different wavelengths in the obtained modulated optical signals, coupling one path of the optical carrier microwave signals with the other path of the optical carrier microwave signals into one path after the one path of the optical carrier microwave signals passes through the optical fiber to be detected, carrying out photoelectric detection on the coupled optical carrier microwave signals and measuring the amplitude of the obtained light current; and sweeping the frequency of the microwave signal from zero, repeating the process at each frequency point to obtain photocurrent amplitude information which periodically changes along with the frequency change of the microwave signal, and finally calculating the time delay of the optical fiber to be measured according to the photocurrent amplitude information. The invention also discloses an optical fiber time delay measuring device based on the optical carrier microwave interference. The invention can realize high-precision and large-range optical fiber time delay measurement with low cost.

Description

Optical fiber time delay measuring method and device based on light-carrying microwave interference
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optical fiber time delay measuring method and device.
Background
The commonly used optical fiber time delay measuring methods mainly include three methods, namely a pulse method, a frequency scanning interferometry and a phase-push method. The pulse method calculates the time delay of the measured optical fiber by observing the time interval between the transmitted optical pulse and the received optical pulse, and is not suitable for accurately measuring a long optical fiber because the optical fiber dispersion can widen the optical pulse and deteriorate the measurement accuracy. The pulse method has many inevitable errors, such as instrument resolution error, fiber dispersion error, etc. Therefore, the measurement accuracy of the pulse method is only meter-order, and the measurement error increases along with the increase of the optical fiber time delay. The frequency scanning interferometry needs to use a continuous frequency scanning laser, is expensive, is limited by the line width and the frequency scanning linearity of the laser, has a small measurement range, generally of the order of 10 microseconds (kilometers), and has measurement accuracy obviously reduced along with the increase of the time delay of an optical fiber. The phase-contrast method calculates the optical fiber time delay by using the phase change, has higher precision, and can avoid the problem that the large time delay quantity deteriorates the precision, but the phase-contrast method needs to use a microwave phase discriminator with higher price, and particularly when a microwave signal with higher frequency is used for measurement, the phase-contrast method does not have a high-frequency microwave phase discriminator, needs up-conversion and down-conversion, and is easy to bring extra phase-contrast errors.
In summary, the prior art has the following disadvantages: (1) the measurement precision of the pulse method is not high, and can only reach 10 nanosecond (meter level); (2) the frequency scanning interferometry is difficult to accurately measure the long optical fiber time delay, has high requirements on a light source and is expensive; (3) the phase-contrast method needs a microwave phase discriminator with higher price and has high cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provide an optical fiber time delay measuring method based on optical carrier microwave interference, which can realize high-precision and large-range optical fiber time delay measurement at low cost.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an optical fiber time delay measuring method based on optical carrier microwave interference is characterized in that two paths of optical carriers with different wavelengths are coupled into one path, and then intensity modulation is carried out on the optical carriers by microwave signals; separating two paths of optical carrier microwave signals with different wavelengths in the obtained modulated optical signals, coupling one path of the optical carrier microwave signals with the other path of the optical carrier microwave signals into one path after the one path of the optical carrier microwave signals passes through the optical fiber to be detected, carrying out photoelectric detection on the coupled optical carrier microwave signals and measuring the amplitude of the obtained light current; and sweeping the frequency of the microwave signal from zero, repeating the process at each frequency point to obtain photocurrent amplitude information which periodically changes along with the frequency change of the microwave signal, and finally calculating the time delay of the optical fiber to be measured according to the photocurrent amplitude information.
Preferably, the time delay τ of the optical fiber to be measured is solved according to the following formulaD：
Figure BDA0002337643470000021
Wherein, tau0The time delay of the other path of optical carrier microwave signal is obtained; according to the order of the microwave signals from small to large, fkAnd k is a positive integer, and the microwave signal frequency corresponding to the kth trough of the amplitude of the photocurrent is represented.
Preferably, the wavelength division multiplexer is used to separate the two paths of optical microwave signals with different wavelengths from the obtained modulated optical signal.
Preferably, the amplitude of the resulting photocurrent is measured with a microwave power meter.
The following technical solutions can also be obtained according to the same inventive concept:
an optical fiber time delay measuring device based on optical carrier microwave interference comprises:
the light source module is used for generating two paths of light carriers with different wavelengths and coupling the two paths of light carriers into one path;
the microwave source is used for outputting a microwave signal swept from zero;
the intensity modulator is used for modulating the intensity of the output optical signal of the light source module by using the microwave signal output by the microwave frequency sweeping source;
the optical carrier microwave interference module is used for separating two paths of optical carrier microwave signals with different wavelengths in the modulated optical signals output by the intensity modulator, and enabling one path of the optical carrier microwave signals to be coupled with the other path of the optical carrier microwave signals into one path after passing through the optical fiber to be detected;
the photoelectric detector is used for performing photoelectric detection on the coupled optical carrier microwave signal output by the optical carrier microwave interference module;
the amplitude extraction module is used for extracting photocurrent amplitude information which periodically changes along with the frequency change of the microwave signal from an output signal of the photoelectric detector;
and the calculating module is used for calculating the time delay of the optical fiber to be measured according to the photocurrent amplitude information.
Preferably, the calculating module calculates the time delay τ of the optical fiber to be measured according to the following formulaD：
Figure BDA0002337643470000022
Wherein, tau0The time delay of the other path of optical carrier microwave signal is obtained; according to the order of the microwave signals from small to large, fkAnd k is a positive integer, and the microwave signal frequency corresponding to the kth trough of the amplitude of the photocurrent is represented.
Preferably, the optical carrier microwave interference module separates two paths of optical carrier microwave signals with different wavelengths in the modulated optical signal output by the intensity modulator by using a wavelength division multiplexer.
Preferably, the amplitude extraction module is a microwave power meter.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the structure is simple, microwave phase discrimination is not needed, and the realization is easy;
(2) the system has high stability, and the repetition precision can reach the micron level;
(3) the adopted devices are all mature commercial devices in the field of optical communication, and are low in price and overall cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber delay measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the solution of the invention is to modulate the microwave signal intensity to two optical carriers with different wavelengths, then separate the optical signals according to the wavelengths by a wavelength division multiplexer, one path does not pass through an optical fiber to be detected and is used as a reference path, the other path passes through the optical fiber to be detected and is used as a measurement path, and finally the combined beam is input to a photoelectric detector, so that an optical carrier microwave interferometer is formed, the frequency of the microwave signal is scanned, the amplitude change of the microwave signal is extracted by a mature microwave power extraction technology, and therefore, microwave interference fringes can be obtained, and the optical fiber time delay is calculated.
The optical fiber time delay measuring method specifically comprises the following steps: after two paths of optical carriers with different wavelengths are coupled into one path, intensity modulation is carried out on the optical carriers by microwave signals; separating two paths of optical carrier microwave signals with different wavelengths in the obtained modulated optical signals, coupling one path of the optical carrier microwave signals with the other path of the optical carrier microwave signals into one path after the one path of the optical carrier microwave signals passes through the optical fiber to be detected, carrying out photoelectric detection on the coupled optical carrier microwave signals and measuring the amplitude of the obtained light current; and sweeping the frequency of the microwave signal from zero, repeating the process at each frequency point to obtain photocurrent amplitude information which periodically changes along with the frequency change of the microwave signal, and finally calculating the time delay of the optical fiber to be measured according to the photocurrent amplitude information.
The invention relates to an optical fiber time delay measuring device based on light-carried microwave interference, which comprises:
the light source module is used for generating two paths of light carriers with different wavelengths and coupling the two paths of light carriers into one path;
the microwave source is used for outputting a microwave signal swept from zero;
the intensity modulator is used for modulating the intensity of the output optical signal of the light source module by using the microwave signal output by the microwave frequency sweeping source;
the optical carrier microwave interference module is used for separating two paths of optical carrier microwave signals with different wavelengths in the modulated optical signals output by the intensity modulator, and enabling one path of the optical carrier microwave signals to be coupled with the other path of the optical carrier microwave signals into one path after passing through the optical fiber to be detected;
the photoelectric detector is used for performing photoelectric detection on the coupled optical carrier microwave signal output by the optical carrier microwave interference module;
the amplitude extraction module is used for extracting photocurrent amplitude information which periodically changes along with the frequency change of the microwave signal from an output signal of the photoelectric detector;
and the calculating module is used for calculating the time delay of the optical fiber to be measured according to the photocurrent amplitude information.
For the public understanding, the technical solution and the principle of the present invention will be described in detail by a specific embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
the structure of the measuring device in this embodiment is shown in fig. 1, where a light source 1 and a light source 2 respectively generate an optical carrier, the two optical carriers have different wavelengths and respectively correspond to two wavelength channels of a wavelength division multiplexer, and after being combined into one path by an optical coupler, the one path is input to an optical intensity modulator, and after being modulated by a microwave signal output by a microwave source, the optical signal with the different wavelengths is divided into two paths by the wavelength division multiplexer, where one path is used as a reference path and the other path is used as a measuring path.
The optical signal after coupling the two optical carriers can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002337643470000041
the optical signal generated after intensity modulation can be represented as:
Figure BDA0002337643470000042
where ω is the angular frequency of the microwave signal and M is the amplitude modulation factor.
Through wavelength division multiplexer, divide into two the tunnel with the light signal of intensity modulation according to the wavelength, light signal of one road advances the measuring path, through the optic fibre that awaits measuring, another light signal advances the reference path, and two light signals can be expressed respectively afterwards:
Figure BDA0002337643470000043
wherein, tau0For the time delay of the reference path, τDFor time delay of the optical fiber to be measured, alpha1，α2The measured path and the reference path loss coefficient are respectively.
Then couple two paths of optical signals into one path, beat frequency is converted into electric signals by a photoelectric detector, and the method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002337643470000044
wherein η is the responsivity of the photodetector. The amplitude of the photocurrent can thus be found to be:
Figure BDA0002337643470000051
after amplitude information of the photocurrent is extracted by using a microwave dynamometer, the amplitude of the photocurrent is found to show periodic change along with the frequency of a microwave signal, and the period is equal to the reciprocal of the time delay difference between the optical fiber to be detected and a reference path, and the time delay tau of the reference path0Can be obtained by calibration, thereby calculating the time delay tau of the optical fiber to be measuredD。
The calculation method is specifically as follows:
sequentially finding out k wave trough frequencies of the photocurrent amplitude according to the sequence of the microwave frequency from small to large, and recording as f1,f2,…fk(ii) a According to the formula (5), the k-th trough frequency is:
Figure BDA0002337643470000052
therefore, the time delay of the fiber to be measured can be obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0002337643470000053
in conclusion, the measuring device has simple structure, the used parts are easy to obtain and cheap, and the resolving process is very simple, so that the high-precision and large-range optical fiber time delay measurement can be realized at low cost.

Claims (8)

1. An optical fiber time delay measuring method based on optical carrier microwave interference is characterized in that after two paths of optical carriers with different wavelengths are coupled into one path, intensity modulation is carried out on the optical carriers by microwave signals; separating two paths of optical carrier microwave signals with different wavelengths in the obtained modulated optical signals, coupling one path of the optical carrier microwave signals with the other path of the optical carrier microwave signals into one path after the one path of the optical carrier microwave signals passes through the optical fiber to be detected, carrying out photoelectric detection on the coupled optical carrier microwave signals and measuring the amplitude of the obtained light current; and sweeping the frequency of the microwave signal from zero, repeating the process at each frequency point to obtain photocurrent amplitude information which periodically changes along with the frequency change of the microwave signal, and finally calculating the time delay of the optical fiber to be measured according to the photocurrent amplitude information.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the time delay τ of the fiber under test is calculated according to the following formulaD：
Figure FDA0002337643460000011
Wherein, tau0The time delay of the other path of optical carrier microwave signal is obtained; according to the order of the microwave signals from small to large, fkAnd k is a positive integer, and the microwave signal frequency corresponding to the kth trough of the amplitude of the photocurrent is represented.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the two paths of optical carrier microwave signals with different wavelengths in the modulated optical signal are separated by a wavelength division multiplexer.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amplitude of the photocurrent is measured by a microwave power meter.
5. An optical fiber time delay measuring device based on optical carrier microwave interference is characterized by comprising:
the light source module is used for generating two paths of light carriers with different wavelengths and coupling the two paths of light carriers into one path;
the microwave source is used for outputting a microwave signal swept from zero;
the intensity modulator is used for modulating the intensity of the output optical signal of the light source module by using the microwave signal output by the microwave frequency sweeping source;
the optical carrier microwave interference module is used for separating two paths of optical carrier microwave signals with different wavelengths in the modulated optical signals output by the intensity modulator, and enabling one path of the optical carrier microwave signals to be coupled with the other path of the optical carrier microwave signals into one path after passing through the optical fiber to be detected;
the photoelectric detector is used for performing photoelectric detection on the coupled optical carrier microwave signal output by the optical carrier microwave interference module;
the amplitude extraction module is used for extracting photocurrent amplitude information which periodically changes along with the frequency change of the microwave signal from an output signal of the photoelectric detector;
and the calculating module is used for calculating the time delay of the optical fiber to be measured according to the photocurrent amplitude information.
6. The optical fiber time delay measuring device based on optical carrier microwave interference as claimed in claim 5, wherein the calculating module calculates the time delay τ of the optical fiber to be measured according to the following formulaD：
Figure FDA0002337643460000021
Wherein, tau0The time delay of the other path of optical carrier microwave signal is obtained; according to the order of the microwave signals from small to large, fkAnd k is a positive integer, and the microwave signal frequency corresponding to the kth trough of the amplitude of the photocurrent is represented.
7. The optical fiber time delay measuring device based on optical carrier microwave interference as claimed in claim 5, wherein the optical carrier microwave interference module uses a wavelength division multiplexer to separate two paths of optical carrier microwave signals with different wavelengths from the modulated optical signal output by the intensity modulator.
8. The optical fiber time delay measuring device based on optical carrier microwave interference as claimed in claim 5, wherein the amplitude extraction module is a microwave power meter.
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