CN110994551A - Excitation inrush current suppression device and method for transformer - Google Patents
Excitation inrush current suppression device and method for transformer Download PDFInfo
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- CN110994551A CN110994551A CN201911176229.XA CN201911176229A CN110994551A CN 110994551 A CN110994551 A CN 110994551A CN 201911176229 A CN201911176229 A CN 201911176229A CN 110994551 A CN110994551 A CN 110994551A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a device and a method for restraining magnetizing inrush current of a transformer. The magnetizing inrush current suppression device includes: a controller and three suppression units, each suppression unit comprising: the device comprises a vacuum circuit breaker, a first voltage transformer, a second voltage transformer and a spark gap. The magnetizing inrush current suppression method includes: if the controller receives a closing instruction, the second voltage transformer collects the three-phase voltage of the transformer at the last power-off time; calculating to obtain the residual magnetic flux of the three phases of the transformer according to the three-phase voltage; calculating the switching-on time of three phases of the transformer according to the residual magnetic flux; the controller sequentially sends a closing instruction to a spark gap of each restraining unit and a vacuum circuit breaker which are respectively connected with the three phases of the transformer according to the closing time of the three phases of the transformer; and the spark gap and the vacuum circuit breaker of each inhibition unit are switched on after receiving a switching-on instruction. The vacuum circuit breaker is controlled to be closed through time-sharing phase-splitting and a gap switching-on mode is adopted, so that the magnetizing inrush current can be restrained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of transformers, in particular to a magnetizing inrush current suppression device and method for a transformer.
Background
① transformer coils generate large electric power which possibly damages the connection between the coils and terminals, ② causes relay protection misoperation, and ③ has very adverse effect on the electric energy quality of a power grid.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a magnetizing inrush current suppression device and method for a transformer, and aims to solve the problems of complexity and difficulty in magnetizing inrush current suppression for the transformer in the prior art.
In a first aspect, there is provided a magnetizing inrush current suppression apparatus for a transformer, including: a controller and three suppression units, each suppression unit comprising: the device comprises a vacuum circuit breaker, a first voltage transformer, a second voltage transformer and a spark gap;
a first end of the controller is connected with a gap of the spark gap of each suppression unit, a second end of the controller is connected with one end of the first voltage transformer of each suppression unit, and a third end of the controller is connected with one end of the second voltage transformer of each suppression unit;
the wire inlet end of the vacuum circuit breaker of each inhibition unit is used for being connected with an external power supply, and the wire outlet end of the vacuum circuit breaker of each inhibition unit is used for being connected with one phase of the transformer;
the other end of the first voltage transformer of each restraining unit is connected with the wire inlet end of the vacuum circuit breaker of each restraining unit; the other end of the second voltage transformer of each suppression unit is connected with the outlet end of the vacuum circuit breaker of each suppression unit;
one end of the spark gap of each restraining unit is connected with a wire inlet end of the vacuum circuit breaker of each restraining unit, and the other end of the spark gap of each restraining unit is connected with a wire outlet end of the vacuum circuit breaker of each restraining unit.
In a second aspect, there is provided a magnetizing inrush current suppression method for a transformer, the magnetizing inrush current suppression method using the magnetizing inrush current suppression apparatus for a transformer described above, the magnetizing inrush current suppression method including:
if the controller receives a closing instruction, the second voltage transformer collects the three-phase voltage of the transformer at the last power-off time;
calculating residual magnetic flux of three phases of the transformer according to the three-phase voltage;
calculating the switching-on time of the three phases of the transformer according to the residual magnetic flux;
the controller sequentially sends a closing instruction to the spark gap of each suppression unit and the vacuum circuit breaker which are respectively connected with the three phases of the transformer according to the closing time of the three phases of the transformer;
and the spark gap of each restraining unit and the vacuum circuit breaker are switched on after receiving the switching-on instruction.
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention has simple structure, is safe and durable, can inhibit the magnetizing inrush current by controlling the vacuum circuit breaker to be closed through time-sharing and phase-splitting, can effectively avoid the magnetizing inrush current from influencing the electric energy quality of the transformer and a power grid, adopts a gap switching-on mode, has small dispersion degree, and can ensure the accuracy and the reliability of control.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive labor.
Fig. 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of a magnetizing inrush current suppression apparatus for a transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a magnetizing inrush current suppression method for a transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a transformer having a Y-wiring structure of three-phase core coils.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a magnetizing inrush current suppression device for a transformer. As shown in fig. 1, the magnetizing inrush current suppression device includes: a controller ZK and three suppression units. Each of the inhibiting units includes: a vacuum interrupter K1, a first voltage transformer T1, a second voltage transformer T2, and a spark gap K2.
For convenience of illustration, fig. 1 shows only a circuit connection structure of the controller ZK with one suppression unit, specifically, a first terminal of the controller ZK is connected with a gap of the spark gap K2 of each suppression unit, a second terminal of the controller ZK is connected with one terminal of the first voltage transformer T1 of each suppression unit, a third terminal of the controller ZK is connected with one terminal of the second voltage transformer T2 of each suppression unit, the controller ZK is used for sending a closing command to the vacuum circuit breaker K1 and the spark gap K2, a line inlet terminal of the vacuum circuit breaker K1 of each suppression unit is used for connecting an external power source, a line outlet terminal of the vacuum circuit breaker K1 of each suppression unit is used for connecting one phase of the transformer, for example, the transformer may be a typical Y/Y or Y/38 type of the power grid, the other terminal of the first voltage transformer T1 of each suppression unit is connected with a line inlet terminal of the vacuum circuit breaker K1 of each suppression unit, the other terminal of the second voltage transformer T2 of each suppression unit is connected with a line inlet terminal of the vacuum circuit breaker K1 of each suppression unit, and each vacuum circuit breaker K638 is connected with the other terminal of each suppression unit, the spark gap suppression unit is connected with the other terminal of the spark gap suppression unit, and the spark gap suppression unit T638 is connected with the vacuum circuit breaker T638 of each suppression unit for detecting the spark gap K9 and the vacuum circuit breaker K9.
Through the structural design, after the controller ZK sends a closing command to the vacuum circuit breaker K1 and the spark gap K2 of the suppression unit connected with any phase, the vacuum circuit breaker K1 and the spark gap K2 are simultaneously conducted. Due to the nature of the spark gap K2, after receiving a closing command, the spark gap K2 is conducted within a few microseconds, and the vacuum circuit breaker K1 is still in the motion process of the contact due to the existence of a mechanical structure, so that the vacuum circuit breaker K1 is not conducted, at the moment, current mainly flows through the conducted spark gap K2, and the contact of the vacuum circuit breaker K1 does not have a pre-breakdown phenomenon when the contact is in contact conduction soon. When the contact of the vacuum circuit breaker K1 is turned on, the spark gap K2 is opened, and current flows through the vacuum circuit breaker K1.
In summary, the magnetizing inrush current suppression device for the transformer provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, safety, durability, capability of suppressing the magnetizing inrush current, capability of effectively avoiding the influence of the magnetizing inrush current on the transformer and the power quality of a power grid, small dispersion degree due to a gap switching-on mode, and capability of ensuring the accuracy and reliability of control.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a method for suppressing the magnetizing inrush current of the transformer. The magnetizing inrush current suppression method employs the magnetizing inrush current suppression device for the transformer of the above-described embodiment. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the magnetizing inrush current suppression method includes the steps of:
step S201: and if the controller receives a closing instruction, the second voltage transformer acquires the three-phase voltage of the transformer at the last power-off time.
Step S202: and calculating the residual magnetic flux of the three phases of the transformer according to the three-phase voltage.
The calculation method can be based on the following documents: kouchi Rong, Wang Xin Zhong, Shimmy, remanence influence and countermeasure after the DC resistance test of transformer [ J ] Shanxi electric power, 2011(03): 26-29.
Specifically, according to the electromagnetic field theory, assuming that the applied voltage is a sine waveform, the following formula is used for calculation:
Φ(t)＝∫u(t)dt。
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
t represents time, U1Indicating the voltage amplitude, which can be detected by the second transformer T2, ω indicating the angular velocity and α indicating the initial phase.
Step S203: and calculating the closing time of the three phases of the transformer according to the residual magnetic flux.
The structure of the transformer of the embodiment of the invention mainly comprises: three-phase five-column type and three-phase three-column type. The structure of the transformer is different, and the magnetic circuit and/or the coupling mode of the circuit are different. Therefore, the calculation method is different according to the structure of different transformers. Specifically, the steps include the following two cases:
(1) and if the structure of the transformer enables no dynamic magnetic flux to exist between the three phases of the transformer, independently calculating the closing time of each phase of the transformer.
The structure of the transformer is generally a three-phase five-column iron core structure. The closing time of each phase of such a transformer is such that the expected flux and the residual flux of each phase are equal.
Specifically, the closing time of each phase is calculated by the following formula:
where ω denotes the angular frequency, Φr1Indicates the residual magnetic flux, phi, generated by the first phase in the iron coremRepresenting the steady state flux amplitude.
It should be understood that in this configuration, the three phases of the transformer may be switched in a certain order, for example, one phase is switched first and two phases are switched second, or two phases are switched first and one phase is switched second, etc. The closing time of each phase is calculated by the above formula regardless of the closing sequence. It should be understood that, for a three-phase power frequency power supply in general, the phase angle of each phase differs by 120 °, which results in
The calculated values of (a) are different, and therefore the calculated closing time is also different.
(2) If the structure of the transformer enables magnetic circuit coupling to exist between three phases of the transformer or an angle connection coil exists in the structure of the transformer, firstly, the closing time of the first phase of the transformer is calculated, and then, the closing time of the later phase of the transformer is calculated according to the influence of the magnetic flux of the later phase of the first phase.
Such a transformer may be a three-phase three-limb transformer. In particular, the following two cases can still be classified for this type of transformer structure:
① if the connection mode of the coil on the closing side of the transformer is angle connection or star connection, the first phase is determined to be two phases, and the later phase is determined to be one phase.
The closing time of the first phase meets the condition that the expected magnetic flux generated by the interphase voltage of the two phases of the first phase at the closing time in the iron core is equal to the residual magnetic flux generated in the iron core. And the closing time of the post-closing phase meets the condition that the dynamic magnetic flux generated by the post-closing phase on the iron core is equal to the expected magnetic flux when closing.
② if the connection mode of the coil on the closing side of the transformer is Y0 connection mode, the first phase is determined as one phase, and the later phase is determined as two phases.
In a 110kV system, most transformers are of three-phase three-column iron core structures, and before no-load closing, a neutral point needs to be grounded, and in this case, the wiring mode is a Y0 wiring mode. The closing time of the first closing phase meets the condition that the expected magnetic flux generated by the grounding voltage of the first closing phase on the iron core is equal to the residual magnetic flux generated on the iron core. And the closing time of the post-closing phase meets the condition that the dynamic magnetic flux generated by the post-closing phase on the iron core is equal to the expected magnetic flux when closing.
Whether the first phase is one phase or two phases, the closing time of the first phase is calculated by adopting the following formula:
where ω denotes the angular frequency, Φr1Indicating residual flux of core of first phase, phimRepresenting the steady state flux amplitude.
Whether the post-phase is one phase or two phases, the closing time of the post-phase is calculated by adopting the following formula:
wherein α represents the symmetry coefficient of the iron core, phir2The residual magnetic flux generated by the post-phase-combination on the iron core is shown.
The following explains how to obtain the first-phase switching-on time and the second-phase switching-on time by taking a switching-on mode in which the first-phase switching-on is two phases and the second-phase switching-on is one phase as an example:
in the transformer with the Y-connection structure of the three-phase iron core coil shown in fig. 3, it is assumed that A, B phases are combined first and C phases are combined later. A. Interphase voltage of phase B of uABThe calculation formula is as follows:
uAB(t)＝Umsinωt (1)
wherein, UmWhich is the amplitude, can be detected by the first transformer T1, and ω is the angular frequency as previously described.
Magnetic flux phi of iron core column in which AB phase coil is located under steady stateAB(t) satisfies an integral relationship shown by equation (2) with the applied voltage:
wherein phimAs previously described, is the steady state flux amplitude. When in a steady state flux state, a three-phase symmetric system is formed, and therefore, the flux in the other two core legs can be defined by the following equations (3) and (4):
wherein, taupIs the period of applied voltage.
As described above, the closing time t in the leading phase1The expected magnetic flux generated by the interphase voltage of the two phases of the first phase in the iron core and the expected magnetic flux generated by the interphase voltage in the iron coreThe residual magnetic fluxes are equal, that is, equation (5) holds:
Φr1＝ΦAB(t1) (5)
wherein phir1The residual flux of the iron core in the AB phase is shown at this time. Combined vertical (2) and formula (5), AB phase closing time t1(i.e., the closing time of the first phase) can be represented by equation (6):
from t1From time to time, the magnetic flux phi in the AB phase iron coreAB(t) the magnetic flux of the BC and CA phases enters a transient process by changing according to the rule shown in the formula (2). It is assumed that the expressions of the magnetic fluxes of the two phases are as shown in equations (7) and (8):
α and β indicate the symmetry factor of the corresponding core, no consideration of asymmetry is given to α - β -0.5, τ is the time constant, determined by the inductance and resistance of the loop0BCAnd phi0CAAs a constant, the calculation is as follows:
Φr2and phir3Respectively representing AB correlation pre-t1Residual magnetic fluxes of the BC-phase and CA-phase cores at the time t1The substitution of formulae (3) and (4) can be solved:
ΦBC(t1)＝Φr2(9)
ΦCA(t1)＝Φr3(10)
combined type (6) - (10) to obtain constant phi0BCAnd phi0CAThe expression of (a) is as follows:
Φ0BC＝Φr2+αΦr1(11)
Φ0CA＝Φr3+βΦr1(12)
and the time when the phase B and the phase C meet the condition that the expected magnetic flux and the dynamic magnetic flux are equal is the optimal closing time, namely:
ΦBC(t2)＝ΦBC(t2)' (13)
ΦCA(t2)＝ΦCA(t2)' (14)
time difference t due to front and back closing2-t1Much less than the time constant τ, then there are:
therefore, the C correlation resultant time t can be solved2：
The first closing and closing time and the last closing and closing time can be obtained through the derivation process. The derivation of the closing time in the other two ways is similar to the above process, and is not described herein again. When the transformer is in a Y0 wiring mode, the inter-phase voltage in the derivation can be replaced by the grounding voltage.
Step S204: the controller sequentially sends a closing instruction to the spark gap of each suppression unit and the vacuum circuit breaker respectively connected with the three phases of the transformer according to the closing time of the three phases of the transformer.
Step S205: and the spark gap and the vacuum circuit breaker of each inhibition unit are switched on after receiving a switching-on instruction.
Specifically, the steps include the following processes:
(1) the spark gap of each suppression unit is immediately conducted after receiving a closing instruction.
The spark gap is immediately conducted after receiving a closing instruction, and current flows through the spark gap first. As mentioned above, the contacts of the vacuum circuit breaker are not yet moved in place due to the mechanical structure, and the vacuum circuit breaker is not yet turned on when the spark gap is turned on.
(2) The vacuum circuit breaker of each suppression unit receives a closing instruction, is switched on after a period of time, and the spark gap of each suppression unit is switched off.
As described above, due to the mechanical structure of the vacuum circuit breaker, it takes a period of time for the contacts of the vacuum circuit breaker to move in place to close the vacuum circuit breaker, and the vacuum circuit breaker is not immediately turned on. After this time, the contacts of the vacuum interrupter move into position, the vacuum interrupter is switched on, the spark gap is switched off, and the current flows through the vacuum interrupter.
Through the conducting process of the step, the vacuum circuit breaker is free of pre-breakdown phenomenon when being conducted soon, and the influence of the magnetizing inrush current on the transformer and the power quality of a power grid is avoided.
In addition, in order to improve safety, a preset time can be obtained according to the closing time of the vacuum circuit breaker caused by the mechanical structure, and if the vacuum circuit breaker is still not conducted after the preset time after receiving a closing instruction, the device is determined to have a fault and the closing of the transformer needs to be stopped immediately.
The magnetizing inrush current suppression device is connected with the transformer and an external power supply, the magnetizing inrush current suppression method is adopted to suppress the magnetizing inrush current, the rated no-load current of the transformer is detected to be 0.51A, and compared with the rated current peak value of 8.16A, the rated no-load current is 6.3% of the rated current peak value, so that the magnetizing inrush current is limited within 0.1 time of the rated current, therefore, the magnetizing inrush current can be effectively suppressed, the vacuum circuit breaker is free from pre-breakdown phenomenon when being conducted soon, and the problem of influence of the magnetizing inrush current on the transformer and the power quality of a power grid is solved.
In summary, the inrush current suppression method for the transformer according to the embodiment of the present invention controls the vacuum circuit breaker to be closed by time-sharing and phase-splitting, so that the inrush current can be suppressed, the influence of the inrush current on the transformer and the power quality of the power grid can be effectively avoided, and the gap switching-on mode is adopted, so that the dispersion degree is small, and the accuracy and reliability of the control can be ensured.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A magnetizing inrush current suppression device for a transformer, comprising: a controller and three suppression units, each suppression unit comprising: the device comprises a vacuum circuit breaker, a first voltage transformer, a second voltage transformer and a spark gap;
a first end of the controller is connected with a gap of the spark gap of each suppression unit, a second end of the controller is connected with one end of the first voltage transformer of each suppression unit, and a third end of the controller is connected with one end of the second voltage transformer of each suppression unit;
the wire inlet end of the vacuum circuit breaker of each inhibition unit is used for being connected with an external power supply, and the wire outlet end of the vacuum circuit breaker of each inhibition unit is used for being connected with one phase of the transformer;
the other end of the first voltage transformer of each restraining unit is connected with the wire inlet end of the vacuum circuit breaker of each restraining unit; the other end of the second voltage transformer of each suppression unit is connected with the outlet end of the vacuum circuit breaker of each suppression unit;
one end of the spark gap of each restraining unit is connected with a wire inlet end of the vacuum circuit breaker of each restraining unit, and the other end of the spark gap of each restraining unit is connected with a wire outlet end of the vacuum circuit breaker of each restraining unit.
2. A magnetizing inrush current suppression method for a transformer, characterized by employing the magnetizing inrush current suppression apparatus for a transformer according to claim 1, the magnetizing inrush current suppression method comprising:
if the controller receives a closing instruction, the second voltage transformer collects the three-phase voltage of the transformer at the last power-off time;
calculating residual magnetic flux of three phases of the transformer according to the three-phase voltage;
calculating the switching-on time of the three phases of the transformer according to the residual magnetic flux;
the controller sequentially sends a closing instruction to the spark gap of each suppression unit and the vacuum circuit breaker which are respectively connected with the three phases of the transformer according to the closing time of the three phases of the transformer;
and the spark gap of each restraining unit and the vacuum circuit breaker are switched on after receiving the switching-on instruction.
3. The magnetizing inrush current suppression method according to claim 2, wherein the step of closing the spark gap of each of the suppression units and the vacuum circuit breaker after receiving the closing command includes:
the spark gap of each suppression unit is switched on immediately after receiving the closing instruction;
and the vacuum circuit breaker of each inhibition unit receives the closing instruction, is switched on after a period of time, and the spark gap of each inhibition unit is switched off.
4. The magnetizing inrush current suppression method according to claim 2, wherein the step of calculating a closing time of three phases of the transformer includes:
and if the structure of the transformer enables no dynamic magnetic flux to exist between the three phases of the transformer, independently calculating the closing time of each phase of the transformer respectively.
5. The magnetizing inrush current suppression method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the closing time of each phase meets the condition that the expected magnetic flux and the residual magnetic flux of each phase are equal.
6. The magnetizing inrush current suppression method according to claim 5, characterized in that: closing time of each phase
Where ω denotes the angular frequency, Φr1Indicates the residual magnetic flux, phi, generated by the first phase in the iron coremRepresenting the steady state flux amplitude.
7. The magnetizing inrush current suppression method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the step of calculating the closing time of the three phases of the transformer comprises the following steps:
if the structure of the transformer enables magnetic circuit coupling to exist between three phases of the transformer or an angle connection coil exists in the structure of the transformer, firstly, the closing time of the first phase of the transformer is calculated, and then, the closing time of the later phase of the transformer is calculated according to the influence of the magnetic flux of the first phase relative to the later phase.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: and if the wiring mode of the coil at the closing side of the transformer is an angle connection mode or a star connection mode, determining that the initial phase is two phases, the later phase is one phase, the closing time of the initial phase meets the condition that the expected magnetic flux generated by the interphase voltage of the two phases of the initial phase on the iron core when closing is equal to the residual magnetic flux generated on the iron core, and the closing time of the later phase meets the condition that the dynamic magnetic flux generated by the later phase on the iron core when closing is equal to the expected magnetic flux.
9. The magnetizing inrush current suppression method according to claim 7, characterized in that: and if the wiring mode of the coil on the closing side of the transformer is a Y0 wiring mode, determining that a first closing phase is one phase and a second closing phase is two phases, wherein the closing time of the first closing phase meets the condition that the expected magnetic flux generated by the grounding voltage of the first closing phase on the iron core is equal to the residual magnetic flux generated on the iron core, and the closing time of the second closing phase meets the condition that the dynamic magnetic flux generated by the second closing phase on the iron core is equal to the expected magnetic flux when the second closing phase is closed.
10. The magnetizing inrush current suppression method according to claim 7, wherein a closing time of the leading phase
Where ω denotes the angular frequency, Φr1Indicates the residual magnetic flux, phi, generated by the first phase in the iron coremRepresenting the steady state flux amplitude;
closing time of the post-phase
α denotes the symmetry coefficient of the core, phir2The residual magnetic flux generated by the post-phase-combination on the iron core is shown.
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