CN110994198A - Antenna subarray - Google Patents
Antenna subarray Download PDFInfo
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- CN110994198A CN110994198A CN202010022355.6A CN202010022355A CN110994198A CN 110994198 A CN110994198 A CN 110994198A CN 202010022355 A CN202010022355 A CN 202010022355A CN 110994198 A CN110994198 A CN 110994198A
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- balun
- transmission line
- power divider
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
- H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/106—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces using two or more intersecting plane surfaces, e.g. corner reflector antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an antenna subarray, in particular to a subarray for a 5G large-scale array antenna, which comprises: n (N is more than or equal to 2) dual-polarized radiation units for transmitting or receiving the electromagnetic waves; a reflection plate for reflecting electromagnetic waves to improve sensitivity of antenna signals; the feed network is arranged on the reflecting plate and is electrically connected with the radiation unit; the radiating element comprises a vibrator plate and a balun bracket. Compared with the prior art, the antenna subarray can share one radio frequency front end, and system cost and energy consumption are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mobile communication, in particular to an antenna subarray.
Background
Massive antenna array Massive MIMO is considered as one of 5G core technologies.
The 5G large-scale antenna array provides a function of rapidly scanning a coverage beam in a vertical plane and a horizontal plane as one of core features of the 5G antenna.
Each antenna element of an ideal large-scale antenna array is connected with a complete radio frequency front end, which comprises a duplexer/switch, a Power Amplifier (PA), a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), a phase shifter and the like. Due to the existence of the multi-channel radio frequency front end, the defects of high circuit complexity, difficult heat dissipation treatment, complex calibration, high cost and the like exist.
Disclosure of Invention
To address the above technical problems, the present application provides an antenna subarray. The large-scale antenna array can adopt a mode that N radiating elements (N is more than or equal to 2) are combined into one antenna subarray, and each subarray shares one radio frequency front end, so that the system cost and the energy consumption can be reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the application provides an antenna subarray, including:
n (N is more than or equal to 2) dual-polarized radiation units for transmitting or receiving the electromagnetic waves;
a reflection plate for reflecting electromagnetic waves to control beams and improve gain of the antenna;
the feed network is arranged on the reflecting plate and is electrically connected with the radiation unit;
the radiating element comprises a vibrator plate and a balun bracket.
As an embodiment of the antenna subarray provided by the present invention, two pairs of radiating elements of the oscillator board are orthogonal to each other to form a symmetric radiation combination; the radiation oscillator comprises a main body structure and an oscillator arm positioned at the tail end of the main body structure, and the oscillator arm is split into two connecting arms; adjacent radiation oscillators, and adjacent connecting arms of the adjacent radiation oscillators are connected to form a loop; the loop surrounds adjacent radiating elements to form a first notch structure. Two adjacent radiation oscillators are connected through a connecting arm at the tail end, so that residual current at the tail end of each radiation oscillator and the adjacent radiation oscillators form a loop and are released, the generation of residual electromagnetic waves is reduced, and the polarization purity is improved; meanwhile, the first notch structure formed by surrounding the adjacent radiation oscillators by the loop can filter out some out-of-band interference frequencies, so that the oscillators have better filtering characteristics and in-band performance.
As an embodiment of the antenna subarray provided by the present invention, a gap is provided between adjacent radiating elements, and a tooth-shaped notch structure is formed at the gap; the tooth-shaped trapped wave structure is connected with the first trapped wave structure. The dentate notch structure can reduce the correlation among the radiating units and further improve the isolation.
As an embodiment of the antenna subarray provided by the present invention, the main structure of the radiating element has a hollow hole; and the gap between the two connecting arms is communicated with the hollow hole. The radiation oscillator is of a hollow structure, and the effective length of the oscillator arm is lengthened through hollowing.
As an embodiment of the antenna subarray provided by the present invention, the oscillator plate and the balun bracket are both manufactured by a PCB process; the antenna subarray is used in a 5G large-scale array antenna, and has the characteristics of easiness in integration, good process consistency and good maintainability; the balun bracket is formed by crossly splicing two balun plates; the balun plate is provided with a microstrip line and a balun which are manufactured by a printed board process; the microstrip line and the balun of the balun plate are connected with the radiation oscillator of the oscillator plate.
As an embodiment of the antenna subarray provided by the present invention, a distance between the microstrip line and the balun is 6 to 13mm, and a width of the transmission microstrip line 10 is equal to a width of the balun 11; the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line is 30-200 omega.
As an embodiment of the antenna subarray provided by the present invention, the length L of the balun plate is between 1/6 and 1/3 operating wavelengths.
As an embodiment of the antenna subarray provided by the present invention, the feed network is a main line phase matching feed network, and includes N output ports; the feed network comprises a main transmission line, a final transmission line and N-1 power dividers; the power dividers comprise an input end and two output ends; the power divider is connected with the power divider through the main transmission line in sequence; the power divider comprises a main power divider and N-2 auxiliary power dividers; the input end of the main power divider is connected with the feed end, and the two output ends of the main power divider are respectively connected with the input end of the subordinate auxiliary power divider through a main transmission line; the final transmission line comprises a first final transmission line and a second final transmission line; the first output end of the auxiliary power divider in the middle is connected with the lower-stage auxiliary power divider through a main transmission line, and the second output end of the auxiliary power divider is connected with an output port through a first final-stage transmission line; the first output end of the auxiliary power divider at the tail end is connected with an output end through a second final-stage transmission line and a first final-stage transmission line, and the second output end of the auxiliary power divider is connected with an output port through the first final-stage transmission line; the lengths of the first final transmission lines are the same.
According to the main line phase-matching type feed network, the phases of first final-stage transmission lines connected with a plurality of output ports can be kept to be theta 0, and in the power distribution phase-shifting network, the output ports of the feed network can be adjusted to reach the designed phases by moving the position of the power distributor so as to meet the phase requirements of corresponding radiation units; different from the conventional branching phase matching type feed network technology, the main line phase matching type feed network provided by the invention has the advantages that the power divider and the superior power divider share one section of transmission line, so that the first final-stage transmission line can be shorter, and the transmission loss can be further reduced; therefore, the circuit is simpler and the line loss is lower.
As an implementation scheme of the antenna subarray provided by the invention, the feed network is manufactured on a double-sided copper-clad plate through a PCB process; the dual-polarization antenna comprises two independent main lines and a phase matching type feed network, and the two independent main lines and the phase matching type feed network are used for respectively providing feed for two polarized antennas.
As an embodiment of the antenna subarray provided by the present invention, the antenna subarray further includes a connector.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the large-scale antenna array can adopt a mode that N radiating elements (N is more than or equal to 2) are combined into one antenna subarray, and each subarray shares one radio frequency front end, so that the system cost and the energy consumption can be reduced.
The feed network is a main line phase distribution type feed network, the phase of a first final-stage transmission line connected with a plurality of output ports can be kept to be theta 0, and in the power distribution phase shift network, the output ports of the feed network can be adjusted to reach a designed phase by moving the position of the power distributor so as to meet the phase requirements of corresponding radiation units; different from the conventional branching phase matching type feed network technology, the main line phase matching type feed network provided by the invention has the advantages that the power divider and the superior power divider share one section of transmission line, so that the first final-stage transmission line can be shorter, and the transmission loss can be further reduced; therefore, the circuit is simpler and the line loss is lower.
According to the antenna subarray provided by the embodiment of the invention, the radiation unit is a broadband dual-polarization radiation unit, and two adjacent radiation oscillators are connected through the connecting arm at the tail end, so that residual current at the tail end of each radiation oscillator and the adjacent radiation oscillators form a loop and are released, thereby reducing the generation of residual electromagnetic waves and improving the polarization purity; meanwhile, the first notch structure formed by surrounding the adjacent radiation oscillators by the loop can filter out some out-of-band interference frequencies, so that the oscillators have better filtering characteristics and in-band performance.
The oscillator plate and the balun bracket are both manufactured by a PCB process, and the antenna subarray is used in a 5G large-scale array antenna, so that the antenna subarray has the characteristics of easiness in integration, good process consistency and good maintainability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an antenna sub-array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a perspective view of a radiating element of an antenna sub-array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a top view of a dipole plate of an antenna subarray radiating element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a perspective view of a balun bracket of an antenna sub-array radiating element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the antenna sub-array radiating elements according to the embodiment of the present invention, which are laid flat after the balun brackets are exploded;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding network of an antenna sub-array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a three-element dual-polarized main line phase matching type feeding network of an antenna sub-array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a phase matching result diagram of the three-unit dual-polarized main line phase matching type feed network shown in fig. 7.
The attached drawings are marked as follows:
100-radiating element, 200-feed network, 300-reflecting plate, 400-connector;
101-a vibrator plate, 102-a balun bracket, 103-a radiation vibrator, 104-a hollowed-out hole, 105-a first notch structure, 106-a gap, 107-a tooth-shaped notch structure, 108-a balun plate, 109-B balun plate, 110-microstrip line, 111-balun line, 112-an opening, 131-a main body structure, 132-a connecting arm, 133-a strip-shaped structure, 134-a mounting hole and 181-a boss;
202-main transmission line, 210-main power divider, 220-auxiliary power divider, 221-first auxiliary power divider, 222-second auxiliary power divider, 223-third auxiliary power divider, 224-fourth auxiliary power divider, 203-final transmission line, 231-first final transmission line and 232-second final transmission line.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an antenna subarray, which includes: radiating element 100, feed network 200, reflecting plate 300, connector 400.
The radiation unit 100 is a dual-polarized radiation unit, and the number of the radiation units is N (N is greater than or equal to 2), and the radiation unit is used for transmitting or receiving the electromagnetic wave. The reflection plate 300 serves to reflect electromagnetic waves to steer a beam and improve the gain of the antenna.
The feeding network 200 is disposed on the reflection plate, electrically connected to the radiation unit 100, and configured to feed the radiation unit 100. The connector 400 is a quick-connect connector.
As shown in fig. 2 to 5, the radiation unit provided by the present invention includes a vibrator plate 101 and a balun bracket 102.
The oscillator plate 101 comprises two pairs of radiation oscillators 103, the two pairs of radiation oscillators 103 are coplanar and uniformly distributed around the center of the oscillator plate 101, and two pairs of radiation oscillators are orthogonal to each other to form two pairs of orthogonal symmetrical radiation combinations.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the radiating element 103 includes a main structure 131. The radiating element 103 has an element arm located at the end of the body structure 131 and connected to the body structure 131, away from the centre of the element plate 101. Wherein the dipole arm is split into two connecting arms 132. The adjacent radiation oscillators 103 have a connecting arm 132 adjacent to each other, and the adjacent connecting arms 132 are connected to each other to form a loop. The adjacent connecting arms 132 are connected to form a loop through the strip-shaped structures 133 between the adjacent radiating oscillators. The loop surrounds two adjacent radiating elements to form a first notch structure 105. Specifically, the first notch structure 105 is formed by being surrounded by the body structures 131 of the adjacent two radiation elements 103, the connection arm 132, and the bar-shaped structure 133 therebetween.
It will be appreciated that the strip-shaped structure may also be formed by extending the connecting arms 132, with the direct connection between adjacent connecting arms 132 forming a loop.
In the conventional radiation unit, the ends of two adjacent radiation oscillators 103 are not connected. The terminal residual current needs to be released by forming a residual electromagnetic wave circuit to the ground, and the electromagnetic waves to the ground cause the problem of polarization purity reduction. In the radiation unit of this embodiment, two adjacent radiation oscillators 103 are connected by the connecting arm 132 at the end, so that the residual current at the end of the radiation oscillator and the adjacent oscillator form a loop and are released, thereby reducing the generation of residual electromagnetic waves and improving the polarization purity.
The first notch structure 105 can filter out some out-of-band interference frequencies, so that the oscillator has better filtering characteristics and in-band performance (standing wave characteristics, isolation characteristics, etc.).
In the radiation unit, two adjacent radiation oscillators are connected through the connecting arm at the tail end, so that the residual current at the tail end of the radiation oscillator and the adjacent radiation oscillators form a loop and are released, the generation of residual electromagnetic waves is reduced, and the polarization purity is improved; meanwhile, the first notch structure formed by surrounding the adjacent radiation oscillators by the loop can filter out some out-of-band interference frequencies, so that the oscillators have better filtering characteristics and in-band performance.
The main structure 131 of the radiating oscillator 103 is provided with a hollow hole 104, so that the oscillator is a hollow structure, and the effective length of the oscillator arm is lengthened through hollowing. The dipole arm of the radiating dipole 103 is split into two connecting arms 132, with a gap between the two connecting arms 132; the gap between the two connecting arms 132 communicates with the bore 104.
There is a gap 106 between adjacent radiating elements 103, and preferably, the radiating elements 103 have a tooth-like structure at the gap, and a tooth-like notch structure 107 is formed between the tooth-like structures of the adjacent radiating elements 103. The notched tooth 107 and the first notch 105 act together to reduce the correlation between the radiating elements and further improve the isolation.
Further, the oscillator board 101 and the balun bracket 102 of the present application are both manufactured by a PCB process. The radiating unit manufactured by the PCB process is used in a 5G large-scale array antenna due to the advantages of extremely high processing technology, easiness in integration with the PCB and the like. The oscillator plate 101 is manufactured with special metal patterns on a double-sided copper-clad plate to form a dual-polarized planar radiation oscillator.
The balun bracket 102 of the present application may comprise two independent support structures as shown in prior art CN 202839949U.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the balun bracket 102 of the present application is formed by cross-splicing two balun plates, including an a balun plate 108 and a B balun plate 109. The a balun plate 108 and the B balun plate 109 are both made by a PCB process, and are double-sided printed circuit boards. Each balun plate is provided with a microstrip line 110 and a balun line 111 (ground line) by a printed board process. The a balun plate 108 and the B balun plate 109 are used as a current balance transformation mechanism, and the radiation unit is electrically connected with the feed network through a microstrip line 110 and a balun line 111.
The balun plate a 108 is provided with a first opening 112, and the balun plate B109 is provided with a second opening 112. The first opening 112 faces downward, the second opening 112 faces upward, and the first opening 112 and the second opening 112 cooperate with each other to splice the a balun plate 108 and the B balun plate 109 into a cross shape.
In a preferred embodiment, the length L of the a balun plate 108 and the B balun plate 109 is between 1/6 and 1/3 operating wavelengths.
Alternatively, different from the cross-spliced balun bracket 102, the balun bracket 102 may also be formed by integrally molding the balun plate substrate into a cross shape by using an injection molding process, and then manufacturing the corresponding circuit by using a chemical plating method.
The oscillator plate 101 is provided with a mounting hole 134, the mounting hole 134 can be arranged at each radiation oscillator 103, the a balun plate 108 and the B balun plate 109 are provided with a boss 181 at the end position close to the oscillator plate, and the boss 181 is matched with the mounting hole 134. The boss 181 of the balun plate passes through the mounting hole 134 of the oscillator plate 101, and the microstrip line 110 and the balun line 111 are connected with the radiation oscillator 103 of the oscillator plate 101 through a welding process. The A balun plate 108 and the B balun plate 109 are spliced in a crossed manner, vertically penetrate through the oscillator plate 101, and are respectively connected with a polarized radiation oscillator 103.
In the embodiment of the invention, the distance between the transmission microstrip line 110 and the balun line 111 is 6-13 mm. The characteristic impedance of the microstrip line 110 of the balun plate is 30-200 omega, and the width of the microstrip transmission line 110 is equal to that of the balun line 111. The transmission microstrip line 110 of the a balun plate 108 in fig. 5 is hidden on the other side, and therefore is not shown.
The radiation unit provided by the embodiment of the invention is a broadband high-gain dual-polarized radiation unit.
In a specific embodiment, by using the radiation unit for the 5G large-scale array antenna developed by the present invention, the size of the dipole plate 101 is 57mm × 57mm, the length L of the balun plate 9 is 29mm, the operating frequency band is within a range of 1710-2170 MHz, the standing-wave ratio is less than 1.5, and the unit gain is greater than 9 dBi.
In another embodiment, the radiating unit developed by the scheme and used for a 5G large-scale array antenna has the advantages that the size of the oscillator plate 101 is 40mm x 40mm, the length L of the balun plate 9 is 25mm, the working frequency band is in the range of 2500-2600/3500-3600 MHz, the standing-wave ratio is less than 1.5, and the unit gain is greater than 7.5dBi and 9 dBi.
The feed network is shown in figures 6-7. Assuming that the number of radiating elements of the antenna is N, the design phases of the N radiating elements are P1, P2, …, Pn, respectively. The main line phase matching feed network of the present application is composed of N-1 power dividers, a main transmission line 202 connecting the heads and the tails of the adjacent power dividers, and a final transmission line 203 outputting the power dividers to an output port. The main line phase matching type feed network also comprises a feed end IN; and the N feeding output ports OUT are used for feeding the N radiating elements.
The N-1 power dividers are connected in sequence through the main transmission lines 202 to form a linear structure, and the number of the main transmission lines 202 is N-2. Each power divider includes an input and two outputs. The power divider includes a main power divider 210 and N-2 auxiliary power dividers 220.
The input end of the main power splitter is connected to the feed end IN, and the two output ends of the main power splitter 210 are connected to the auxiliary power splitter 220 through the main transmission line 202.
The input end of the auxiliary power divider 220 located in the middle of the linear structure is connected to the upper power divider, the first output end thereof is connected to the lower power divider through the main transmission line 202, and the second output end thereof is connected to the output port OUT through the first final transmission line 231.
The input end of the auxiliary power divider 220 at the end of the linear structure is connected to the upper power divider, the first output end thereof is connected to an output port OUT through the second final transmission line 232 and the first final transmission line 231, and the second output end thereof is connected to an output port OUT through the first final transmission line 231.
Wherein, the lengths of the above first final transmission lines are the same. The lengths of the two second final transmission lines 232 may be the same or different.
In the main line phase matching type feeding network proposed in the present application, the length of the first final stage transmission line 231 is kept constant, and the phases thereof are all kept at θ 0. By moving the positions of the N-1 power dividers, the lengths of the main transmission line 202 and the second final transmission line 232 can be adjusted, and the corresponding phase shift amounts θ 1, θ 2, …, θ N-2 are adjusted, so that the phases of the output ports OUT are P1, P2, …, Pn, and the designed phases of the corresponding radiating elements are achieved.
For convenience of understanding, the main line phase matching feed network of the present invention will be described below by taking 6 radiation units as examples. See fig. 6. In the feed network, the number of radiating elements N =6, and the number of power dividers is 5. The auxiliary power divider 220 includes a first auxiliary power divider 221, a second auxiliary power divider 222, a third auxiliary power divider 223, and a fourth auxiliary power divider 224.
Two output ends of the main power divider 210 are connected to input ends of the lower-stage auxiliary power dividers 221 and 223 through the main transmission line 202.
A first output terminal of the auxiliary power divider 221 is connected to the lower-stage auxiliary power divider 222 through the main transmission line 202, and a second output terminal of the auxiliary power divider 221 is connected to the output port OUT3 through the first final-stage transmission line 231.
A first output terminal of the auxiliary power divider 223 is connected to the lower-stage auxiliary power divider 224 through the main transmission line 202, and a second output terminal of the auxiliary power divider 223 is connected to the output port OUT4 through the first final-stage transmission line 231.
The auxiliary power dividers 224, 222 are located at the ends of the linear structures.
The first output terminal of the auxiliary power divider 222 is connected to an output port OUT1 through the second final transmission line 232 and the first final transmission line 231, and the second output terminal of the auxiliary power divider 222 is connected to an output port OUT2 through the first final transmission line 231.
The first output terminal of the auxiliary power divider 224 is connected to an output port OUT6 through the second final-stage transmission line 232 and the first final-stage transmission line 231, and the second output terminal of the auxiliary power divider 224 is connected to an output port OUT5 through the first final-stage transmission line 231.
As shown in fig. 6, the phase differences between adjacent power splitters are set to θ 2, θ 1, θ 4, and θ 5.
The phase difference between the auxiliary power splitter 222 and the first final transmission line 231 adjacent to the output port OUT1 is defined as θ 3; the phase difference between the auxiliary power splitter 224 and the first final transmission line 231 adjacent to the output port OUT6 is defined as θ 6.
Then, the phases of the output ports are respectively:
P1=θ0 + θ1 + θ2 + θ3,
P2=θ0 + θ1+θ2,
P3=θ0 + θ1,
P4=θ0 +θ4
P5=θ0 +θ4+θ5,
P6=θ0 +θ4+θ5+θ6
thus, the first final transmission line 231 connected to the output port OUT is constant in length, and the phases thereof are all maintained at θ 0. By moving the positions of the 5 power splitters 210, 221, 222, 223, 224, the lengths of the main transmission line 202 and the second final transmission line 232 can be adjusted, the phase shift amounts θ 1, θ 2, …, θ 6 are adjusted, and the phases P1, P2, …, P6 of each output port OUT are adjusted.
In the feed network provided by the application, because the power divider and the superior power divider share one section of transmission line, the first final transmission line 231 can be shorter than the branching phase feed network technology in the prior art, and further, the transmission loss can be reduced; for a feed network composed of microstrip lines, the PCB area can be reduced.
As a variation of the above specific embodiment, the first final transmission line 231 and the second final transmission line 232 between the auxiliary power splitter 222 and the output port OUT1 may be integrated into a third final transmission line, and the first final transmission line 231 and the second final transmission line 232 between the auxiliary power splitter 224 and the output port OUT6 may be integrated into a third final transmission line. The phases P1, P2, …, P6 of the output port OUT are adjusted by moving the positions of the 5 power dividers 11, 221, 222, 223, 224. Preferably, the four first final stage transmission lines 231 connected to the output ports OUT2, OUT3, OUT4, OUT5 are equal in length, and the two third final stage transmission lines connected to the output ports OUT1, OUT6 are longer. The lengths of the two third final transmission lines can be the same or different.
The feed network of the embodiment of the application can be in a microstrip line structure form, and can also be composed of an independent power divider and a cable. As a more preferable solution, the main line phase matching type feeding network is designed as a microstrip line structure.
The feed network of the embodiment of the application can be formed on a PCB. For example, a phase-shifting power division network is manufactured on a double-sided copper-clad plate through a PCB process.
When the feed network of the embodiment of the application is applied to an antenna array, two independent main lines can be arranged to form a phase feed network, so as to provide feed for two polarized antennas respectively.
Fig. 7 shows a feed network of a three-unit dual-polarized unit designed by the main line phase matching feed network technology, which is manufactured by a PCB process. The power divider includes a main power divider 210 and 1 auxiliary power divider 220.
The working frequency range is 1710-2170 MHz; the design phases of OUT1, OUT2 and OUT3 are +32 degrees, 0 degree and-32 degrees respectively, and the size of the PCB is 250mm x 50 mm. The obtained compounding result is shown in figure 8.
The feed network and the balun plate can be independently manufactured into parts by a PCB process and connected by soldering; or the network board substrate and the balun board substrate can be integrally formed by an injection molding process, and then the corresponding circuit can be manufactured by a chemical plating mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the large-scale antenna array can adopt a mode that N radiating elements (N is more than or equal to 2) are combined into one antenna subarray, and each subarray shares one radio frequency front end, so that the system cost and the energy consumption can be reduced.
The feed network is a main line phase distribution type feed network, the phase of a first final-stage transmission line connected with a plurality of output ports can be kept to be theta 0, and in the power distribution phase shift network, the output ports of the feed network can be adjusted to reach a designed phase by moving the position of the power distributor so as to meet the phase requirements of corresponding radiation units; different from the conventional branching phase matching type feed network technology, the main line phase matching type feed network provided by the invention has the advantages that the power divider and the superior power divider share one section of transmission line, so that the first final-stage transmission line can be shorter, and the transmission loss can be further reduced; therefore, the circuit is simpler and the line loss is lower.
According to the antenna subarray provided by the embodiment of the invention, the radiation unit is a broadband dual-polarization radiation unit, and two adjacent radiation oscillators are connected through the connecting arm at the tail end, so that residual current at the tail end of each radiation oscillator and the adjacent radiation oscillators form a loop and are released, thereby reducing the generation of residual electromagnetic waves and improving the polarization purity; meanwhile, the loop surrounds the adjacent radiating oscillators to form a first notch structure, so that some out-of-band interference frequencies can be filtered, the oscillators have better filtering characteristics, and the in-band performance is better;
the oscillator plate and the balun bracket are both manufactured by a PCB process, and the antenna subarray is used in a 5G large-scale array antenna, so that the antenna subarray has the characteristics of easiness in integration, good process consistency and good maintainability.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments of the present application. This application is capable of embodiments in many different forms and is provided for the purpose of enabling a thorough understanding of the disclosure of the application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced without modification or with equivalents of some of the features described in the foregoing embodiments. All equivalent structures made by using the contents of the specification and the drawings of the present application are directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields and are within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. An antenna subarray, comprising:
n (N is more than or equal to 2) dual-polarized radiation units for transmitting or receiving the electromagnetic waves;
a reflection plate for reflecting electromagnetic waves to control beams and improve gain of the antenna;
the feed network is arranged on the reflecting plate and is electrically connected with the radiation unit;
the radiating element comprises a vibrator plate and a balun bracket.
2. The subarray of claim 1 wherein two pairs of radiating elements of said dipole plate are orthogonal to each other to form two pairs of orthogonal symmetric radiating combinations;
the radiation oscillator comprises a main body structure and an oscillator arm positioned at the tail end of the main body structure, and the oscillator arm is split into two connecting arms;
adjacent radiation oscillators, and adjacent connecting arms of the adjacent radiation oscillators are connected to form a loop; the loop surrounds adjacent radiating elements to form a first notch structure.
3. The antenna subarray of claim 2 wherein adjacent radiating elements have gaps therebetween, the gaps having a tooth-shaped notch structure formed therein; the tooth-shaped trapped wave structure is connected with the first trapped wave structure.
4. The subarray of claim 2 wherein the main structure of the radiating element has a hollowed-out hole; and the gap between the two connecting arms is communicated with the hollow hole.
5. The antenna subarray of claim 2, wherein the dipole plate and the balun support are both fabricated by a PCB process; the balun bracket is formed by crossly splicing two balun plates; the balun plate is provided with a microstrip line and a balun which are manufactured by a printed board process; the microstrip line and the balun of the balun plate are connected with the radiation oscillator of the oscillator plate.
6. The antenna subarray according to claim 5, wherein the distance between the microstrip line and the balun is 6-13 mm, and the width of the transmission microstrip line 10 is equal to that of the balun 11; the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line is 30-200 omega.
7. The antenna subarray of claim 1 wherein a length L of the balun plate is between 1/6 and 1/3 operating wavelengths.
8. The antenna subarray of claim 1 wherein said feed network is a main line phase matching feed network comprising N output ports;
the feed network comprises a main transmission line, a final transmission line and N-1 power dividers; the power dividers comprise an input end and two output ends;
the power divider is connected with the power divider through the main transmission line in sequence;
the power divider comprises a main power divider and N-2 auxiliary power dividers;
the input end of the main power divider is connected with the feed end, and the two output ends of the main power divider are respectively connected with the input end of the subordinate auxiliary power divider through a main transmission line;
the final transmission line includes a first final transmission line and a second final transmission line,
the first output end of the auxiliary power divider in the middle is connected with the lower-stage auxiliary power divider through a main transmission line, and the second output end of the auxiliary power divider is connected with an output port through a first final-stage transmission line;
the first output end of the auxiliary power divider at the tail end is connected with an output end through a second final-stage transmission line and a first final-stage transmission line, and the second output end of the auxiliary power divider is connected with an output port through the first final-stage transmission line;
the lengths of the first final transmission lines are the same.
9. The antenna subarray according to claim 8, wherein the feed network is manufactured on a double-sided copper-clad plate by a PCB process; the dual-polarization antenna comprises two independent main lines and a phase matching type feed network, and the two independent main lines and the phase matching type feed network are used for respectively providing feed for two polarized antennas.
10. The antenna subarray of claim 1, wherein the antenna subarray further comprises a connector.
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