Low-frequency radiation unit and antenna
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of antenna communication, in particular to a low-frequency radiation unit and an antenna.
Background
With the rapid development of modern wireless communication technology, the problems of rapid increase of the number of base stations, difficult site selection, inconvenient installation and the like are increasingly shown. As one of the most important components of the base station system, the miniaturization, broadband, and multi-band sharing are the main development directions.
The low-frequency oscillator in the current multi-frequency antenna mainly has two forms:
one is a parallel feeding mode, two pairs of vibrators are orthogonally arranged according to a specific interval, each pair of vibrators are respectively fed in parallel, so that the polarization of +/-45 degrees is formed, high-frequency vibrators are arranged in the center of each low-frequency vibrator and between adjacent low-frequency vibrators in the array, a high-low frequency nested array is formed, the high-low frequency array is positioned in the same axial direction, the mutual coupling between the high-low frequency vibrators is large, the isolation degree is poor, the high-frequency vibrators are influenced by the boundaries of the low-frequency vibrators, and the directional diagram of the high-frequency vibrators is deteriorated to a certain extent;
the other type is a center feed type, the feed position of the center feed type is positioned in the middle of the oscillator, the high-frequency array and the low-frequency array are respectively and independently arranged, due to the fact that the aperture of the low-frequency oscillator is large, the size of the antenna is limited, the low-frequency oscillator cannot avoid shielding the high-frequency oscillator, the shielding effect of the oscillator arm can cause high-frequency standing waves and poor isolation, and the directional diagram deteriorates.
The above two structures of the low-frequency radiating unit have the problem of poor isolation of the high-frequency radiating unit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-frequency radiating unit which can reduce the shielding of a high-frequency radiating unit so as to improve the isolation degree and the direction diagram performance of the high-frequency radiating unit.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a low-frequency radiation unit comprises four pairs of radiation arm groups and two feed plates, wherein each pair of radiation arm groups comprises two radiation arms, the two radiation arms in each radiation arm group are perpendicular to each other, and two adjacent radiation arms of two adjacent radiation arm groups are arranged in parallel; the two feed pieces correspondingly feed four pairs of radiation arm groups, so that each feed piece correspondingly feeds the radiation arms of the two radiation arm groups arranged diagonally, and when the two radiation arms in the radiation arm groups are respectively placed along the vertical polarization direction and the horizontal polarization direction, equivalent currents along the +/-45-degree polarization direction are synthesized in the four pairs of radiation arm groups.
Further setting: the low-frequency radiation unit further comprises a vibrator seat and four supporting baluns connected to the vibrator seat, and each group of radiation arm groups is correspondingly connected to the top of one supporting balun.
Further setting: the four supporting baluns are arranged into a rectangle, the two feeding pieces are arranged orthogonally, two ends of one feeding piece penetrate through the two supporting baluns on one diagonal line respectively, and two ends of the other feeding piece penetrate through the two supporting baluns on the other diagonal line respectively.
Further setting: and a notch for impedance matching is formed in the side wall of the supporting balun.
Further setting: the notch is positioned on the symmetrical center of the two radiation arms connected with the same support balun.
Further setting: the outer side walls of two adjacent support baluns are mutually connected or separated.
Further setting: the radiation arm and the support balun are integrally formed in a die-casting mode.
The invention also provides an antenna, which comprises a reflecting plate, and a low-frequency array and a high-frequency array which are both arranged on the reflecting plate, wherein the low-frequency array and the high-frequency array are correspondingly provided with at least one low-frequency radiating unit and at least one high-frequency radiating unit, the low-frequency radiating unit is the low-frequency radiating unit, and the high-frequency radiating unit is arranged in an area limited by two radiating arms in a radiating arm group in the low-frequency radiating unit.
Further setting: the high-frequency arrays are respectively arranged on two sides of the axis of the low-frequency array, and the distance between every two adjacent low-frequency radiating units is twice the distance between every two adjacent high-frequency radiating units in one high-frequency array.
Further setting: two rows are respectively arranged on two sides of the axis of the low-frequency array of the high-frequency array.
Compared with the prior art, the scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. in the low-frequency radiation unit, four pairs of radiation arm groups are arranged to form a cross-shaped radiation surface structure together, and then the two radiation arms in the same radiation arm group are fed through the feed sheet, when the two radiation arms in the same radiation arm group are respectively placed along the vertical polarization direction and the horizontal polarization direction, equivalent current along the polarization direction of +/-45 degrees is synthesized, and the extension direction of the radiation arms is different from the direction of the equivalent current, so that the effect of avoiding shielding of the high-frequency radiation unit by the radiation arms while meeting the polarization of +/-45 degrees can be realized.
2. In the low-frequency radiation unit, the notch is formed on the support balun along the symmetrical center line of the two radiation arms connected with the support balun, so that impedance matching of a wider frequency is realized.
3. In the antenna related by the invention, the low-frequency radiation unit and the high-frequency radiation unit are arranged together to form a single-row low-frequency radiation unit and a double-row high-frequency radiation unit or a four-row high-frequency radiation unit, and the radiation arm of the low-frequency radiation unit can not shield the high-frequency radiation unit, so that the isolation and directional diagram performance of the high-frequency radiation unit are improved, the arrangement of the high-frequency radiation unit and the low-frequency radiation unit is more compact, and the multi-frequency antenna is more miniaturized.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a low frequency radiating element according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of an embodiment of the low frequency radiating element of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the antenna of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a low-frequency radiating unit 1, which includes a vibrator seat 11, a supporting balun 12 and four radiating arm groups, which are connected in sequence from bottom to top, wherein the four radiating arm groups are provided, and the four supporting baluns 12 are provided corresponding to the four radiating arm groups. Each pair of radiation arm sets comprises two radiation arms 13, the two radiation arms 13 in each radiation arm set are perpendicular to each other, and two adjacent radiation arms 13 in two adjacent pairs of radiation arm sets are arranged in parallel. The low-frequency radiation unit further comprises two feed pieces 14, the two feed pieces 14 correspondingly feed four pairs of radiation arm groups, so that each feed piece 14 feeds the radiation arms 13 of the two radiation arm groups arranged diagonally, and when the two radiation arms 13 in the radiation arm groups are respectively placed along the vertical polarization direction and the horizontal polarization direction, equivalent currents along the polarization direction of +/-45 degrees are synthesized in the four pairs of radiation arm groups.
Through setting up four pairs of radiation armsets to form "ten" style of calligraphy radiating surface structure jointly, two radiation arms 13 in same radiation armset are fed to rethread feed piece 14, thereby when two radiation arms 13 in same radiation armset are placed along vertical polarization direction and horizontal polarization direction respectively the synthetic equivalent current along 45 polarization direction, the extending direction and the equivalent current direction of radiation arm 13 are different, consequently, can realize avoiding radiation arm 13 to cause the effect of sheltering from to high frequency radiation unit 3 when satisfying 45 polarization.
In this embodiment, the supporting balun 12 is cylindrical, and has a hollow interior for passing a feeder. Preferably, four of the supporting baluns 12 are in a square arrangement. In other embodiments, the four supporting baluns 12 may be arranged in a rectangular or other quadrilateral configuration.
In the present embodiment, the two feeding plates 14 are orthogonally arranged, specifically, the two feeding plates 14 are arranged up and down and do not contact each other, and the two feeding plates 14 are respectively and correspondingly installed in the two diagonal supporting baluns 12 so as to make the combined current directions of the two diagonal pairs of radiating arm sets consistent. Specifically, the feeding piece 14 penetrates through one of the supporting baluns 12, bends at the top of the supporting balun 12, and penetrates into the supporting balun 12 at the opposite angle, and the feeding piece 14 and the radiating arm 13 are in a coupling feeding mode.
It should be noted that the outer side walls of adjacent support baluns 12 can be completely connected, partially connected or completely disconnected along the height direction thereof.
Further, a notch 121 for impedance matching is formed on a side wall of the supporting balun 12. Preferably, the notch 121 is located in the symmetrical center of the two radiating arms 13 connected to the same support balun 12. Specifically, two notches 121 are symmetrically disposed on the side wall of each supporting balun 12. Preferably, two of the feeding pieces 14 pass through the gap 121 and span between two diagonal supporting baluns 12. By forming the notch 121 on the sidewall of the supporting balun 12, impedance matching of a wider band can be achieved.
In the present embodiment, a space is formed between two adjacent radiation arms 13 in two adjacent pairs of radiation arm groups. In other embodiments, no space may be provided between two adjacent radiation arms 13 in two adjacent pairs of radiation arm sets.
In this embodiment, the radiating arm 13 and the supporting balun 12 are integrally formed by die-casting. In other embodiments, the radiating arm 13 may also be soldered to the upper end of the supporting balun 12 in the form of a PCB.
The invention also provides an antenna, in particular to a multi-frequency antenna, which comprises a reflecting plate 2, and a low-frequency array and a high-frequency array which are both arranged on the reflecting plate 2, wherein the low-frequency array and the high-frequency array are correspondingly provided with at least one low-frequency radiation unit 1 and at least one high-frequency radiation unit 3, and the low-frequency radiation unit 1 is the low-frequency radiation unit 1. The high frequency radiating element 3 is installed in an area defined between two radiating arms 13 in the radiating arm group in the low frequency radiating element 1.
Further, the high-frequency arrays are respectively arranged on two sides of the axis of the low-frequency array, and the distance between two adjacent low-frequency radiating units 1 is twice the distance between two adjacent high-frequency radiating units 3 in one high-frequency array. Specifically, the distance between two adjacent low-frequency radiating elements is the distance between the centers of two low-frequency radiating elements 1, and similarly, the distance between two adjacent high-frequency radiating elements 3 is the distance between the centers of two high-frequency radiating elements 3.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, two high frequency arrays are respectively disposed on two sides of the axis of the low frequency array, and both the low frequency array and the high frequency array are base station antennas with a horizontal beam width of 65 °.
By adopting the oscillator arrangement form, the arrangement of the high-frequency radiation unit 3 and the low-frequency radiation unit 1 is more reasonable, the low-frequency radiation unit 1 cannot shield the high-frequency radiation unit 3, the high-frequency isolation and the directional diagram performance are improved, the low-frequency radiation unit 1 and the high-frequency radiation unit 3 can be arranged more compactly, and the antenna is more miniaturized.
In another embodiment, shown in fig. 4, the antenna includes a single low frequency array and four high frequency arrays, the high frequency arrays being arranged in two rows on either side of the axis of the low frequency array. The low-frequency array is a base station antenna with a horizontal beam width of 65 degrees, and the high-frequency array is a base station antenna with a horizontal beam width of 33 degrees, namely, the four rows of high-frequency radiating units 3 are dual-beam antennas.
The foregoing is only a partial embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.