CN110992145B - Agricultural product long-term trading method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a long-term trading method of agricultural products, wherein two trading parties are farmers and buyers, a trading center supervises the trading process, the trading mode comprises quantitative non-pricing and quantitative pricing, and the farmers and the buyers participating in the trading select the trading mode of the agricultural products after agreement is reached; the buyer fills in the agricultural product transaction information and forms a forward transaction order of the agricultural product after confirmation by the peasant household; the trading center audits the long-term trading order of the agricultural products and forms a formal contract after the audit is passed; detecting agricultural products on the delivery day; after the detection, the peasant household and the buyer carry out delivery, and return the deposit to the peasant household and the buyer. The invention provides a method for agricultural product forward trading between farmers and buyers, which reduces the uncertainty of the agricultural product trading process, reduces the risk of agricultural product trading and protects the benefits of both trading parties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural product transaction, and particularly relates to a remote transaction method for agricultural products.
Background
The variety of agricultural products in China is rich, but the varieties of the agricultural products which can enter a futures exchange for trading are limited, and the futures exchange cannot play a role in stabilizing market prices and a role in price discovery and other functions for most agricultural products. The agricultural product selling mode can flexibly place the agricultural product order with a buyer according to self needs, and the purchase quantity, quality, price and other information of the mature agricultural product are agreed in the order.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem of the invention is that the traditional agricultural product spot transaction mode has a larger price fluctuation risk for farmers, although the price fluctuation risk can be avoided when the futures exchange carries out the futures transaction, the agricultural products entering the futures market transaction are very limited, most agricultural products are not sold, some farmers, purchasers and the like order agricultural product before the agricultural products are sold, but the traditional agricultural product spot transaction mode has a larger default delivery risk due to lack of constraint.
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a forward trading system for providing forward trading of agricultural products for farmers and buyers and providing feasibility of off-site trading for agricultural products which are not traded in a forward trading exchange; meanwhile, the problem that default risks and price fluctuation risks possibly existing in the agricultural production and marketing form existing in the agricultural product market are not beneficial to smooth transaction and delivery of farmers and agricultural product buyers is solved, and the influence of natural risks, market risks, credit risks and the like on the benefits of two transaction parties in the agricultural product transaction process is avoided to a certain extent.
The technical scheme of the invention is a long-term trading method of agricultural products, wherein two trading parties are farmers and buyers, a trading center supervises the trading process, the trading mode comprises quantitative non-pricing and quantitative pricing, the long-term trading method of agricultural products comprises the following steps,
step 1: the peasant household and the buyer who participate in the transaction respectively carry out identity confirmation;
step 2: after the peasant household and the buyer participating in the transaction agree through negotiation, selecting a transaction mode of agricultural products;
and step 3: the buyer fills in the quantitative pricing transaction information or the quantitative indefinite price transaction information of the agricultural products, and after the confirmation of the peasant household, a long-term transaction order of the agricultural products is formed;
and 4, step 4: the peasant household and the buyer pay the deposit respectively;
and 5: the transaction center checks the forward transaction order of the agricultural products;
step 5.1: if the examination is passed, forming a formal contract;
step 5.2: if the verification fails, returning the deposit to the peasant household and the buyer respectively, and ending the transaction;
and 6: the peasant household and the buyer respectively pay maintenance deposit;
and 7: detecting agricultural products on the delivery date;
step 7.1: if the agricultural product passes the detection, executing step 8;
step 7.2: if the agricultural products do not pass the detection, the farmer is informed to submit the agricultural products again, if the farmer submits the qualified agricultural products within the specified time, the step 8 is executed, if the farmer does not submit the qualified agricultural products within the specified time, the farmer loses the deposit, and the transaction is ended;
and 8: the peasant household and the buyer carry out delivery, and return the deposit to the peasant household and the buyer, and the transaction is finished.
Further, when the agricultural product trading mode is selected, and the quantitative non-pricing trading mode is selected, the agricultural product forward trading order information comprises the variety, quality, weight, number of pieces and delivery date of the agricultural product.
Further, when the trading mode of the agricultural products is selected and the trading mode of the quantitative pricing is selected, the forward trading order information of the agricultural products comprises unit price, variety, quality, weight, number of pieces and delivery date.
Preferably, the agricultural product forward trading method further comprises the steps of periodically judging whether the maintenance deposit is sufficient or not before the step 7, if the maintenance deposit is insufficient, informing the trading party of additionally maintaining the deposit, and if the maintenance deposit is insufficient and the trading party does not additionally maintain the deposit, losing the deposit by the trading party and ending the trading.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a method for agricultural product forward trading of farmers and buyers, and the agricultural product forward trading method provided by the invention can play the roles of risk avoidance and price discovery for agricultural products which do not enter a futures exchange; in addition, in the transaction process, the peasant household and the buyer are required to pay corresponding deposit, the default risk of the long-term transaction of the agricultural products can be reduced, and the benefits of both parties of the transaction are protected.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a forward transaction method of agricultural products according to the first embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a forward transaction method of agricultural products according to the second embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a forward trading system for agricultural products.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the process of agricultural product insurance premium applied by the farmer insurance application company.
Detailed Description
Example one
As shown in figure 1, the agricultural product forward trading method, the two trading parties are the peasant household and the buyer, the trading center supervises the trading process, the trading mode comprises quantitative non-pricing and quantitative pricing, the agricultural product forward trading method comprises the following steps,
step 1: the identity of the peasant household and the buyer who participate in the transaction is respectively confirmed;
and 2, step: after the peasant household and the buyer who participate in the transaction agree, selecting the transaction mode of the agricultural product;
and step 3: the buyer fills in the agricultural product quantitative pricing transaction information or the agricultural product quantitative price indeterminate transaction information, and after confirmation of the peasant household, an agricultural product forward transaction order is formed;
and 4, step 4: the peasant household and the buyer pay the deposit respectively;
and 5: the transaction center checks the forward transaction order of the agricultural products;
step 5.1: if the examination is passed, forming a formal contract;
and step 5.2: if the verification fails, returning the deposit to the peasant household and the buyer respectively, and ending the transaction;
step 6: the peasant household and the buyer respectively pay maintenance deposit;
and 7: detecting agricultural products on the delivery date;
step 7.1: if the agricultural product passes the detection, executing step 8;
and 7.2: if the agricultural products do not pass the detection, the farmer is informed to submit the agricultural products again, if the farmer submits the qualified agricultural products within the specified time, the step 8 is executed, if the farmer does not submit the qualified agricultural products within the specified time, the farmer loses the deposit, and the transaction is ended;
and 8: the peasant household and the buyer carry out delivery, and return the deposit to the peasant household and the buyer, and the transaction is finished.
As shown in fig. 3, the agricultural product forward trading system includes a trading center unit, a futures company terminal, an insurance company terminal, and a self-service terminal.
The transaction center unit comprises a main server and a sub-server; the general server comprises a database and a data analysis module; the database is used for storing information from the futures company terminal, the insurance company terminal and the data analysis module; the data analysis module is used for analyzing and processing the information stored in the database and the information transmitted by the main server, and the processing result is stored in the database and is sent to the main server.
The sub-servers reduce the load of the main server and connect the futures company terminal, the insurance company terminal and the self-service terminal with the main server of the transaction center unit to realize information intercommunication and sharing; the sub-server is provided with a supervision module, and the transaction center verifies and supervises the operation processes of the futures company, the insurance company, the farmer and the buyer, the identities of the farmer and the buyer, the order of successful transaction, the transaction of the forward contract, the final delivery and the insurance contract of the agricultural products through the supervision module.
The futures company terminal comprises a forward transaction data entry module and a bidding transaction module; the futures company records the forward trading information of agricultural products into a database through a forward trading data recording module; the bidding trading module is used for conducting buying declaration and selling declaration of the agricultural product forward contracts in a specific trading mode, sorting according to the principle that price is prior and time is prior, and pairing the buying and selling instructions to form a trade.
The insurance company terminal comprises an insurance product data entry module; the insurance company inputs the relevant information of the price or sales insurance of the agricultural products into the database through the insurance product data input module.
The self-service terminal comprises an identity confirmation module, an information inquiry module, an information confirmation module, a payment module, a printing module, a detection module and an information input module.
The identity confirmation module is used for verifying the identity of an operator and confirming whether the operator is a planting farmer or a buyer of a corresponding agricultural product; the information query module is connected to the database through the server and provides real-time updated agricultural product forward transaction information, agricultural product price and sales insurance information and the like for an operator; the information confirmation module comprises an information input unit, an information change unit and an information consultation unit; the payment module comprises a credit card payment unit, a third party payment unit and an online bank payment unit; the printing module is used for printing the long-term contract of the agricultural products, the selling price of the agricultural products or the insurance contract of the selling amount and the like;
the information input module is used for providing operation support for the operator to input various information in the output module.
The detection module comprises a scale monitoring device, a text reading device, a weighing device, a scanning device and the like. The monitoring device is used for monitoring the operation of the peasant household or the buyer; the text reading device can read the material information provided by the operator, and the material information is transmitted to the transaction center main server through the transaction terminal server, the sub-server and the like, and is verified by the data analysis module of the main server; the weighing device and the scanning device are used for checking the variety, the quality, the weight and the number of pieces of agricultural products.
By adopting the agricultural product forward trading method of the embodiment, farmers and buyers trade agricultural products through the agricultural product forward trading system, the uncertainty of the agricultural product trading process is reduced, the risk of the agricultural product trading is reduced, and the benefits of both trading parties are protected.
Example two
As shown in FIG. 2, the agricultural product forward trading method, the two trading parties are the peasant household and the buyer, the trading center supervises the trading process, the trading mode includes quantitative non-pricing and quantitative pricing, the agricultural product forward trading method includes the following steps,
step 1: the peasant household and the buyer who participate in the transaction respectively carry out identity confirmation;
step 2: after the peasant household and the buyer participating in the transaction agree through negotiation, selecting a transaction mode of agricultural products;
and step 3: the buyer fills in the agricultural product quantitative pricing transaction information or the agricultural product quantitative price indeterminate transaction information, and after confirmation of the peasant household, an agricultural product forward transaction order is formed;
and 4, step 4: the peasant household and the buyer pay the deposit respectively;
and 5: the trading center checks the forward trading order of the agricultural products;
step 5.1: if the examination is passed, forming a formal contract;
step 5.2: if the verification fails, returning the deposit to the peasant household and the buyer respectively, and ending the transaction;
and 6: the peasant household and the buyer respectively pay the maintenance deposit, the trading center judges whether the maintenance deposit is sufficient every day, if the maintenance deposit is insufficient, the trading party is informed to add the maintenance deposit, if the maintenance deposit is insufficient and the trading party does not add the maintenance deposit, the trading party loses the maintenance deposit, and the trading is finished;
and 7: detecting agricultural products on the delivery date;
step 7.1: if the agricultural product passes the detection, executing step 8;
step 7.2: if the agricultural products do not pass the detection, the farmer is informed to submit the agricultural products again, if the farmer submits the qualified agricultural products within the specified time, step 8 is executed, if the farmer does not submit the qualified agricultural products within the specified time, the farmer loses the deposit, and the transaction is ended;
and 8: the peasant household and the buyer carry out delivery, and return the deposit to the peasant household and the buyer, and the transaction is finished.
As shown in fig. 3, the agricultural product forward trading system comprises a trading center unit, a futures company terminal, an insurance company terminal and a self-service terminal.
The transaction center unit comprises a main server and a sub server; the general server comprises a database and a data analysis module; the database is used for storing information from the futures company terminal, the insurance company terminal and the data analysis module; the data analysis module is used for analyzing and processing the information stored in the database and the information transmitted by the main server, and the processing result is stored in the database and is sent to the main server.
The sub-servers reduce the load of the main server and connect the futures company terminal, the insurance company terminal and the self-service terminal with the main server of the transaction center unit to realize information intercommunication and sharing; the sub-server is provided with a supervision module, and the transaction center verifies and supervises the operation processes of the futures company, the insurance company, the farmer and the buyer, the identities of the farmer and the buyer, the order of successful transaction, the transaction of the forward contract, the final delivery and the insurance contract of the agricultural products through the supervision module.
The futures company terminal comprises a forward transaction data entry module and a bidding transaction module; the futures company records the forward transaction information of the agricultural products into a database through a forward transaction data recording module; the bidding trading module is used for buying and selling the forward contract of the agricultural products in a specific trading mode, sorting the forward contract and the forward contract according to the principle of price priority and time priority, and pairing the buying and selling instructions to form a deal.
The insurance company terminal comprises an insurance product data entry module; the insurance company inputs the relevant information of the price or sales insurance of the agricultural products into the database through the insurance product data input module.
The self-service terminal comprises an identity confirmation module, an information inquiry module, an information confirmation module, a payment module, a printing module, a detection module and an information input module.
The identity confirmation module is used for verifying the identity of an operator and confirming whether the operator is a planting farmer or a buyer of a corresponding agricultural product; the information query module is connected to the database through the server and provides real-time updated agricultural product forward transaction information, agricultural product price and sales insurance information and the like for an operator; the information confirmation module comprises an information input unit, an information change unit and an information consultation unit; the payment module comprises a credit card payment unit, a third party payment unit and an online bank payment unit; the printing module is used for printing the long-term contract of the agricultural products, the selling price of the agricultural products or the insurance of the selling quantity are equal;
the information input module is used for providing operation support for inputting various information in the output module by an operator.
The detection module comprises a scale monitoring device, a text reading device, a weighing device, a scanning device and the like. The monitoring device is used for monitoring the operation of the peasant household or the buyer; the text reading device can read the material information provided by the operator, and the material information is transmitted to the transaction center main server through the transaction terminal server, the sub-server and the like, and is verified by the data analysis module of the main server; the weighing device and the scanning device are used for checking the variety, the quality, the weight and the number of pieces of agricultural products.
By adopting the agricultural product forward trading method of the embodiment, farmers and buyers trade agricultural products through the agricultural product forward trading system, so that the risk of agricultural product trading is reduced, and the benefits of both trading parties are protected.
EXAMPLE III
The agricultural product forward trading method includes the following steps that two trading parties are a farmer and a buyer, a trading center supervises the trading process, the trading mode includes quantitative non-pricing, quantitative pricing and quantitative price guaranteeing, when the trading mode is quantitative non-pricing or quantitative pricing, the agricultural product forward trading method is shown in figure 2,
step 1: the peasant household and the buyer who participate in the transaction respectively carry out identity confirmation;
step 2: after the peasant household and the buyer who participate in the transaction agree, selecting the transaction mode of the agricultural product;
and 3, step 3: the buyer fills in the agricultural product quantitative pricing transaction information or the agricultural product quantitative price indeterminate transaction information, and after confirmation of the peasant household, an agricultural product forward transaction order is formed;
and 4, step 4: the peasant household and the buyer pay the deposit respectively;
and 5: the trading center checks the forward trading order of the agricultural products;
step 5.1: if the examination is passed, forming a formal contract;
step 5.2: if the verification fails, returning the deposit to the peasant household and the buyer respectively, and ending the transaction;
step 6: the farmer and the buyer respectively pay the maintenance deposit, the trading center judges whether the maintenance deposit is sufficient every day, if the maintenance deposit is insufficient, the trading party is informed to add the maintenance deposit, if the maintenance deposit is insufficient and the trading party does not add the maintenance deposit, the trading party loses the maintenance deposit, and the trading is finished;
and 7: detecting agricultural products on the delivery day;
step 7.1: if the agricultural product passes the detection, executing step 8;
step 7.2: if the agricultural products do not pass the detection, the farmer is informed to submit the agricultural products again, if the farmer submits the qualified agricultural products within the specified time, the step 8 is executed, if the farmer does not submit the qualified agricultural products within the specified time, the farmer loses the deposit, and the transaction is ended;
and 8: the peasant household and the buyer carry out delivery, and return the deposit to the peasant household and the buyer, and the transaction is finished.
When the transaction mode is quantitative insurance, the flow of the agricultural product insurance is shown in fig. 4.
As shown in fig. 3, the agricultural product forward trading system comprises a trading center unit, a futures company terminal, an insurance company terminal and a self-service terminal.
The transaction center unit comprises a main server and a sub server; the general server comprises a database and a data analysis module; the database is used for storing information from the futures company terminal, the insurance company terminal and the data analysis module; the data analysis module is used for analyzing and processing the information stored in the database and the information transmitted by the main server, and the processing result is stored in the database and is sent to the main server.
The sub-servers reduce the load of the main server and connect the futures company terminal, the insurance company terminal and the self-service terminal with the main server of the transaction center unit to realize information intercommunication and sharing; the sub-server is provided with a supervision module, and the transaction center verifies and supervises the operation processes of the futures company, the insurance company, the farmer and the buyer, the identities of the farmer and the buyer, the order of successful transaction, the transaction of the forward contract, the final delivery and the insurance contract of the agricultural products through the supervision module.
The futures company terminal comprises a forward transaction data entry module and a bidding transaction module; the futures company records the forward trading information of agricultural products into a database through a forward trading data recording module; the bidding trading module is used for buying and selling the forward contract of the agricultural products in a specific trading mode, sorting the forward contract and the forward contract according to the principle of price priority and time priority, and pairing the buying and selling instructions to form a deal.
The insurance company terminal comprises an insurance product data entry module; the insurance company records the relevant information of the price or sales insurance of the agricultural products into the database through the insurance product data recording module.
The self-service terminal comprises an identity confirmation module, an information inquiry module, an information confirmation module, a payment module, a printing module, a detection module and an information input module.
The identity confirmation module is used for verifying the identity of an operator and confirming whether the operator is a planting farmer or a buyer of a corresponding agricultural product; the information query module is connected to the database through the server and provides real-time updated forward transaction information of agricultural products, price and sales insurance information of the agricultural products and the like for an operator; the information confirmation module comprises an information input unit, an information change unit and an information consultation unit; the payment module comprises a credit card payment unit, a third party payment unit and an online bank payment unit; the printing module is used for printing the long-term contract of the agricultural products, the selling price of the agricultural products or the insurance contract of the selling amount and the like;
the information input module is used for providing operation support for inputting various information in the output module by an operator.
The detection module comprises a scale monitoring device, a text reading device, a weighing device, a scanning device and the like. The monitoring device is used for monitoring the operation of the peasant household or the buyer; the text reading device can read the material information provided by the operator, and the material information is transmitted to the transaction center main server through the transaction terminal server, the sub-server and the like, and is verified by the data analysis module of the main server; the weighing device and the scanning device are used for checking the variety, the quality, the weight and the number of the agricultural products.
By adopting the agricultural product forward trading method of the embodiment, farmers and buyers trade agricultural products through the agricultural product forward trading system, so that the risk of agricultural product trading is reduced, and the benefits of both trading parties are protected.
Claims (3)
1. A forward transaction method for agricultural products features that the both sides of the transaction are peasant family and buyer, the transaction center is used to monitor the transaction procedure, and features that the forward transaction method for agricultural products includes such steps as quantitative non-pricing, quantitative pricing,
step 1: the peasant household and the buyer who participate in the transaction respectively carry out identity confirmation;
and 2, step: after the peasant household and the buyer participating in the transaction agree through negotiation, selecting a transaction mode of agricultural products;
and step 3: the buyer fills in the quantitative pricing transaction information or the quantitative indefinite price transaction information of the agricultural products, and after the confirmation of the peasant household, a long-term transaction order of the agricultural products is formed;
and 4, step 4: the peasant household and the buyer pay the deposit respectively;
and 5: the trading center checks the forward trading order of the agricultural products;
step 5.1: if the examination is passed, forming a formal contract;
step 5.2: if the verification fails, returning the deposit to the peasant household and the buyer respectively, and ending the transaction;
step 6: the peasant household and the buyer respectively pay maintenance deposit; periodically judging whether the maintenance deposit is sufficient or not, if the maintenance deposit is insufficient, informing the trading party to add the maintenance deposit, if the maintenance deposit is insufficient and the trading party does not add the maintenance deposit, losing the guarantee deposit by the trading party, and ending the trade;
and 7: detecting agricultural products on the delivery day;
step 7.1: if the agricultural product passes the detection, executing step 8;
step 7.2: if the agricultural products do not pass the detection, the farmer is informed to submit the agricultural products again, if the farmer submits the qualified agricultural products within the specified time, step 8 is executed, if the farmer does not submit the qualified agricultural products within the specified time, the farmer loses the deposit, and the transaction is ended;
and 8: the peasant household and the buyer carry out delivery, and return the deposit to the peasant household and the buyer, and the transaction is finished;
the agricultural product forward trading system adopted by the method comprises a trading center unit, a futures company terminal, an insurance company terminal and a self-service terminal;
the transaction center unit comprises a main server and a sub server; the main server comprises a database and a data analysis module; the database is used for storing information from the futures company terminal, the insurance company terminal and the data analysis module; the data analysis module is used for analyzing and processing the information stored in the database and the information transmitted by the main server, and the processing result is stored in the database and is sent to the main server;
the sub-servers reduce the load of the main server and connect the futures company terminal, the insurance company terminal and the self-service terminal with the main server of the transaction center unit to realize information intercommunication and sharing; the sub-server is provided with a supervision module, and the transaction center verifies and supervises the operation processes of the futures company, the insurance company, the farmer and the buyer, the identities of the farmer and the buyer, the order of successful transaction, the transaction and final delivery of the forward contract and the insurance contract of the agricultural products through the supervision module;
the futures company terminal comprises a forward transaction data entry module and a bidding transaction module; the futures company records the forward trading information of agricultural products into a database through a forward trading data recording module; the bidding transaction module is used for buying and selling forward contracts of agricultural products in a specific transaction mode, sorting the forward contracts according to the principle of price priority and time priority, and pairing buying and selling instructions to form a deal;
the insurance company terminal comprises an insurance product data entry module; the insurance company inputs the relevant information of the price or sales insurance of the agricultural products into the database through the insurance product data input module;
the self-service terminal comprises an identity confirmation module, an information inquiry module, an information confirmation module, a payment module, a printing module, a detection module and an information input module;
the identity confirmation module is used for verifying the identity of an operator and confirming whether the operator is a planting farmer or a buyer of a corresponding agricultural product; the information query module is connected to the database through the server and provides real-time updated agricultural product forward transaction information and agricultural product price and sales insurance information for an operator; the information confirmation module comprises an information input unit, an information change unit and an information consultation unit; the payment module comprises a credit card payment unit, a third party payment unit and an online bank payment unit; the printing module is used for printing a long-term contract of the agricultural products, a sale price of the agricultural products or a sale amount insurance contract; the information input module is used for inputting various information by an operator;
the detection module comprises a monitoring device, a text reading device, a weighing device and a scanning device; the monitoring device is used for monitoring the operation of the peasant household or the buyer; the text reading device can read the material information provided by the operator, and the material information is transmitted to the main server of the transaction center through the transaction terminal server and the sub-server and verified by the data analysis module of the main server; the weighing device and the scanning device are used for checking the variety, the quality, the weight and the number of the agricultural products.
2. The agricultural product forward trading method of claim 1, wherein when the trading mode of the agricultural product is selected and the quantitative non-pricing trading mode is selected, the agricultural product forward trading order information comprises the variety, quality, weight, number of pieces and date of delivery of the agricultural product.
3. The agricultural product forward trading method of claim 1, wherein when the trading mode of the agricultural product is selected and the trading mode of the quantitative pricing is selected, the agricultural product forward trading order information comprises unit price, variety, quality, weight, number of pieces and delivery date.
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