CN110989453A - Outdoor fire hydrant monitoring system and detection method thereof - Google Patents

Outdoor fire hydrant monitoring system and detection method thereof Download PDF

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CN110989453A
CN110989453A CN201911321212.9A CN201911321212A CN110989453A CN 110989453 A CN110989453 A CN 110989453A CN 201911321212 A CN201911321212 A CN 201911321212A CN 110989453 A CN110989453 A CN 110989453A
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fire hydrant
module
data
counting
fire
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CN110989453B (en
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李继宝
何元生
卢政强
万子敬
冯旭
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Tianjin Fire Research Institute of MEM
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Tianjin Fire Research Institute of MEM
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
    • G05B19/0423—Input/output
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/20—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow
    • G01F1/28—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow by drag-force, e.g. vane type or impact flowmeter
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/20—Pc systems
    • G05B2219/24—Pc safety
    • G05B2219/24215—Scada supervisory control and data acquisition

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses an outdoor fire hydrant monitoring system and a detection method thereof. The system comprises a measuring module, a control module, a communication module, a power supply module, a data management and data analysis module and a terminal access module. The measuring module adopts a plurality of high-precision sensors to measure together, particularly adopts a miniature turbine flowmeter, and realizes the function of a large-size flowmeter at the cost of 20 yuan under the condition that the error precision is less than 1%. The valve opening and closing sensor effectively provides water resource safety protection and can quickly respond to water demand. The communication module effectively and uniformly distributes the counting time of the terminal equipment of the Internet of things to the time period of the counting period, and network congestion possibly caused is avoided. The data management and data analysis module realizes the characteristic intuitive interpretation, the abnormal accurate detection and the classified unified management of the fire hydrant data based on the abnormal detection algorithm and the clustering analysis algorithm of machine learning. The fire hydrant management system effectively achieves scientific management and comprehensive and timely monitoring of the fire hydrant, and reduces management difficulty.

Description

Outdoor fire hydrant monitoring system and detection method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fire hydrant, in particular to an outdoor fire hydrant monitoring system and a detection method thereof.
Background
The fire hydrant is a fixed fire-fighting device, mainly used for fire fighting vehicles to take water from a municipal water supply network or an outdoor fire-fighting water supply network to put out a fire, and can also be directly connected with a water hose and a water gun to discharge water to put out a fire. When a fire disaster occurs, the fire hydrant can quickly implement fire extinguishing and rescue, and can supply water to the fire engine to meet the water supply requirement of a fire scene, so that the success rate of fire extinguishing and rescue is improved. When a fire disaster happens, the fire hydrant system plays an important role in controlling the fire disaster, and is one of important fire-fighting facilities for fighting the fire disaster. The quality of the fire hydrant directly influences the fire extinguishing efficiency and the life and property safety of the public.
At present, municipal fire hydrants are mainly characterized by large quantity, wide distribution and scattering, a plurality of outdoor fire hydrant facilities are old and unmanned to maintain, and due to bad behaviors in the society, the fire hydrants have the problem of no water or damage, so that the fire hydrant is a huge attack to fire-fighting rescue. The fire hydrant is short of scientific and effective management measures, the traditional fire hydrant monitoring means depends on manual field examination, time and labor are consumed, and the problems of the fire hydrant cannot be timely and effectively found and solved. Therefore, research on realizing the unified management of the fire hydrant and monitoring the change condition of the fire hydrant in real time are current market demands, and are more urgent needs of fire rescue work.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems and defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an outdoor fire hydrant monitoring system and a detection method thereof, so as to solve the problem of difficult fire hydrant management and realize effective state monitoring, data management, behavior prediction, timely alarm and scientific management of urban fire hydrants.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an outdoor fire hydrant monitoring system is characterized by comprising a measuring module, a control module, a communication module, a power supply module, a data management and data analysis module and a terminal access module; the measuring module, the control module, the communication module and the power supply module are integrally installed on the fire hydrant terminal equipment body; the measuring module comprises a pressure sensor for detecting fire fighting water pressure, a valve opening and closing sensor for detecting and preventing abnormal opening of a fire hydrant valve, a flow sensor for detecting fire fighting water, an inclination angle sensor for detecting inclination of the fire hydrant, a magnetic sensor for detecting opening and closing of a cover cap and two photosensitive sensors for detecting a shielded state of the fire hydrant, so that the comprehensive and accurate monitoring of the state of the fire hydrant is realized;
the control module comprises a singlechip; the communication module comprises NB-IOT communication equipment; the data management and data analysis module comprises a cloud server; the terminal access module comprises a WEB terminal and an APP terminal; the power supply module is respectively connected with the measuring module, the control module and the communication module; the cloud server is in remote communication connection with the NB-IOT communication equipment; meanwhile, the cloud server is respectively connected with the WEB terminal and the APP terminal.
The flow sensor adopts a micro turbine flowmeter, and the micro turbine flowmeter is arranged in a fire hydrant body, is positioned at the midstream and downstream position of the whole fire hydrant pipeline, and is fixed around a core rod in the fire hydrant body.
The valve opening and closing sensor main body comprises a valve micro-motion sensor for detecting the opening of the fire hydrant valve and an intelligent electronic lock for preventing the fire hydrant valve from being illegally opened.
The invention relates to a detection method by adopting an outdoor fire hydrant monitoring system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the measuring module measures the section of the large-caliber fire hydrant cavity pipeline in different areas by adopting a miniature turbine flowmeter, and multiplies the flow of a measuring result by utilizing a flow multiplication method principle and based on the proportion of the area to the area of the whole section to realize flow measurement calculation of the section of the whole pipeline.
And secondly, the communication module realizes the orderly counting of the ports of the fire hydrant internet of things by adopting a method of the internet of things ports for decentralized counting.
Thirdly, the data management and data analysis module analyzes the data by adopting an anomaly detection algorithm and a clustering analysis algorithm based on machine learning; and establishing a water consumption statistical model, a maintenance condition statistical model, a human factor damage statistical model and a rescue maintenance timeliness statistical model to realize the visual analysis of the acquired data.
The measuring module adopts a valve opening and closing sensor, wherein when the intelligent electronic lock is in a normally closed state, a fire water outlet of the fire hydrant is ensured to be closed, and effective safety protection is provided for water resources; the remote control is carried out through the electronic key, and the control mode is as follows: an authorized user of the electronic key checks the state of the electronic lock through the terminal access module and sends an unlocking or locking request; the request data is verified, audited and processed by the cloud platform and then sent to the fire hydrant body monitoring system; after the request data is processed by the control module of the fire hydrant body, the intelligent electronic lock is controlled, the electronic lock is rapidly opened and closed, the valve is rapidly controlled, and water delay is avoided.
The area of the measuring region of the micro turbine flowmeter is 1/n of the sectional area of the fire hydrant pipeline at the measuring position, and the regional flow value Q is obtained based on the measurement of the micro flowmeterlBy calculating the formula: qt＝n·QlAnd calculating to obtain the total water flow Q in the whole fire hydrant pipelinet。
The invention discloses a fire hydrant internet of things port ordered counting method, which aims at each fire hydrant terminal device and utilizes each terminal device number N and a set counting period TNumber-offAnd the controller of the fire hydrant device adopts the following calculation formula: t is tNumber-off＝N％(60·TNumber-off) Obtaining the equipment counting time t in minutesNumber-offWherein T isNumber-offThe equipment and other terminal equipment are effectively and uniformly dispersed on the counting period through a formula, and the orderly counting of the ports of the fire hydrant internet of things is realized.
The sequential counting of the ports of the fire hydrant internet of things executes the following operations: comparing the received newly set counting period data and the input equipment number information with the original data; under the condition that data change exists, the changed data is archived, and new port counting time is determined; replacing the new count time with the preset count time; therefore, the updating of the counting time is completed and the counting time is put into the equipment counting process for use.
The anomaly detection algorithm based on machine learning adopts an Isolation Forest algorithm anomaly detection model to analyze data collected by a measurement module; the method comprises the steps that detection data obtained by a plurality of sensors of a measuring module at the same time are used as a plurality of characteristic dimensions of an input characteristic vector, an Isolation Forest algorithm-based anomaly detection model is established, and accurate detection of tiny abnormal changes of the state of the fire hydrant is achieved; the Isolation Forest anomaly detection model carries out model updating regularly according to the change of the cloud database anomaly samples, and achieves quick and effective improvement of anomaly detection precision.
The fire hydrant feature clustering method based on the Kmeans is adopted to cluster the fire hydrant based on the clustering analysis algorithm; based on the stored data, each hydrant behaviour is analysed using a statistical model.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention designs an outdoor fire hydrant monitoring system based on a fire hydrant body, a cloud terminal and an access terminal, completes data analysis and management aiming at data such as sensing data, user behavior data and the like, realizes intuitive interpretation of fire hydrant operation characteristics and timely alarm of abnormal problems, and realizes comprehensive, timely and effective monitoring and scientific management of the fire hydrant state.
The technical advantages of the system are:
1. the flowmeter has accurate measurement and low cost: a plurality of high-precision sensors are adopted for measuring together, and comprehensive and accurate monitoring of the state of the fire hydrant is achieved. Particularly, the adopted micro turbine flowmeter has stable fluid flow state in a measuring area at the installation position and small flow rate change, and avoids the influence of inlet and outlet effects such as unstable inlet water flow, outlet air rotary columns and the like. Through a water flow calibration measurement test, the error precision of the method provided by the invention is less than 1%. Under the condition that the precision of large-size flowmeters such as electromagnetic flowmeters with the cost of more than 4 thousand yuan does not have obvious difference, the cost of the miniature turbine flowmeter is less than 20 yuan, and meanwhile, the miniature turbine flowmeter is small and exquisite and is convenient to embed into a fire hydrant cavity.
2. The water resource is effectively protected: the valve opening and closing sensor of the system comprises a valve micro-motion sensor and an intelligent electronic lock, and can effectively prevent the fire hydrant valve from being illegally opened while effectively monitoring the state of the fire hydrant valve. An unauthorized valve opening user cannot open and close the fire hydrant valve, so that the behavior of water source theft is effectively avoided, and meanwhile, water resource pollution caused by the fire hydrant as a source, such as terrorist attack events such as malicious water source poison exposure and the like, can be prevented. Meanwhile, the intelligent electronic lock can realize quick valve opening, provides quick response to water supply requirements in a fire scene, and does not cause water delay.
3. The network congestion is avoided by dispersing the number of the reports, and the working efficiency is improved: the counting time of the fire hydrant equipment is obtained based on the unique identity number-equipment number corresponding to the terminal equipment, and the counting time has uniqueness and reduces repeatability. In the face of explosive growth of the number of terminals of the internet of things in the future, the method can effectively and uniformly distribute the counting time of all equipment to the time period of the counting period, and network congestion possibly caused is avoided. When the counting period set by the cloud server is updated or the terminal equipment is replaced, all the fire hydrant equipment related to the change can quickly recalculate the counting time, quickly complete the setting of the counting time, improve the working efficiency and reduce the time and labor cost.
4. The abnormal detection of the fire hydrant is accurate: the Isolation Forest algorithm is an anomaly detection algorithm which can be used for training a generated model and applying only by taking a small amount of even abnormal data as samples, has good precision and is very suitable for a fire hydrant monitoring system with few available abnormal samples at the initial stage. The system of the invention can realize accurate detection of tiny abnormal changes of the fire hydrant by utilizing the multi-dimensional state characteristics of the fire hydrant, and timely position and solve the problems.
5. Scientific classification management of fire hydrants: based on analysis results such as water consumption statistics, maintenance condition statistics, human factor damage statistics, rescue maintenance timeliness statistics and the like, effective targeted measures can be respectively taken according to characteristic performances of all fire hydrants, for example, for fire hydrants with excessive partial water quantity, whether the existence condition of the fire hydrants is improved due to the fact that a sensor adopted by a monitoring system is not suitable for the environment of the area where the sensor is located is explored; based on the Kmeans's fire hydrant feature clustering analysis result, the classification unified management is realized for the various fire hydrants, and the management pressure and difficulty are reduced; if the fire hydrant type with higher protection strength is adopted for the fire hydrant with frequent damage or serious water theft, the patrol inspection force is enhanced for the fire hydrant area with lower work inspection speed after the system detects abnormal alarm, and the like. The system realizes the organic linkage of the fire hydrant body, the cloud and the terminal, effectively realizes the scientific management and the comprehensive and timely monitoring of the fire hydrant, and reduces the management difficulty.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the mounting position of the micro turbine flowmeter of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hydrant tube at a mounting position of a micro-turbine flow meter according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the control of the intelligent electronic lock according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for decentralized counting of ports of the Internet of things according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a measuring module of the fire hydrant body detecting system according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power supply module of the fire hydrant body detection system according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic circuit diagram of a control module of the fire hydrant body detection system according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic circuit diagram of a communication module of the fire hydrant body detection system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the outdoor fire hydrant monitoring system of the present invention is divided into a measurement module, a control module, a communication module, a power supply module, a data management and analysis module, and a terminal access module. The measuring module, the control module, the communication module and the power supply module are integrally installed on the fire hydrant terminal equipment body to form a fire hydrant body detection system. The data management and data analysis module is located in the cloud server.
The system circuit of the fire hydrant body is shown in fig. 6-9. The measuring module collects measuring signals of a plurality of types of sensors such as a pressure sensor, a valve opening and closing sensor, a flow sensor, an inclination angle sensor, a magnetic sensor, a photosensitive sensor and the like through a plurality of groups of measuring circuits. The collected signals are connected to a control chip (namely a singlechip) of the control module to become signals to be transmitted. The control chip is connected with a communication main chip (namely a GSM/GPRS module chip) of the communication module through a serial port, and exchanges data with the communication module to realize the transmission of signals to be transmitted and the reception of cloud platform signals to the control chip. The power supply module obtains voltages of VA, VM, VB and the like through voltage reduction and filtering, and power supply for the control chip, the communication main chip, the acquisition circuit, the clock circuit and the like is realized.
The control module is connected with the measuring module, the communication module and the power supply module, and controls the acquisition and processing of control signals, the transmission and reception of control data and other control operations of the fire hydrant body detection system.
The measuring module comprises a pressure sensor for detecting fire fighting water pressure, a valve opening and closing sensor for detecting and preventing abnormal opening of a fire hydrant valve, a flow sensor for detecting fire fighting water, an inclination angle sensor for detecting inclination of the fire hydrant, a magnetic sensor for detecting opening and closing of a cover cap and two photosensitive sensors for detecting a shielded state of the fire hydrant. The flow sensor is a four-caliber miniature turbine flow instrument.
As shown in FIG. 2, the micro turbine flowmeter 1 is installed in the fire hydrant casing 4, is far away from the inlet 3 and the outlet 2 of the pipeline and is located at the midstream and downstream position of the whole fire hydrant pipeline, so that the influence of the fluid inlet and outlet effects on the measurement is prevented, and the measurement accuracy of the sensor is facilitated.
As shown in fig. 3, the micro turbine flowmeter 1 is placed on the side of the hydrant core rod 5. Since the fluid around the core rod 5 contains less gas, the flow rate of the fluid changes less and the flow state is more stable, the sensor measurement is also facilitated by placing the sensor around the core rod.
The calibration process of the micro turbine flowmeter is carried out in the water injection process of the fire fighting truck. The calibration process is as follows:
1. the pulse is reset by indicating a value.
2. And (5) injecting water into the fire fighting truck. And opening and fixing the position of the valve to finish the water injection calibration test at the flow rate. The water flow rate is kept stable during the water injection process.
3. The number of pulses is measured. And (3) completing water injection work of thousands of liters of water by a calibration test at a fixed flow rate, and recording a pulse value m after water injection is completed.
4. And calculating the calibration flow u. And Q is the calibrated water injection amount, and the flow rate recorded in each pulse generation process at the flow rate, namely the calibrated flow rate u, is obtained through calculation of the formula u ═ Q/m.
5. And re-adjusting the valve to obtain a new water injection flow rate. And repeating the processes to obtain the new rated flow u at the flow speed.
Table 1 shows the results of the partial calibration value changes recorded after the water filling test. It can be seen that the calibrated flow rate varies from 0.1275 liters to 0.1295 liters with an error accuracy of less than 1%. The precision of the sensor is not obviously different from that of sensors such as an electromagnetic flowmeter applied in the market. The calibration results in a pulse parameter of 0.1285 liters.
TABLE 1 Water flooding calibration test results
Figure BDA0002327208570000051
Figure BDA0002327208570000061
The number of flow pulses recorded by the flow meter is stored in an 8-bit sixty-four system number. In the measurement process, the flow pulse number is obtained based on the measurement of the micro turbine flowmeter, and is multiplied by the calibration flow u (the flow value obtained here is the pulse number Ql ═ u), so that the zone flow value Ql is obtained. By calculation of the formula Qt＝n·QlAnd calculating to obtain the total water flow Qt in the whole fire hydrant pipeline. Because the invention adopts the four-caliber miniature turbine flowmeter, n is 30.8 by calculating the proportion between the sectional area of the whole pipeline and the area occupied by the flowmeter.
The valve opening and closing sensor is arranged at the position of a valve interface of the fire hydrant, and the main body of the valve opening and closing sensor comprises a valve micro-sensor for detecting the opening of the fire hydrant valve and an intelligent electronic lock for preventing the fire hydrant valve from being illegally opened. The intelligent electronic lock enables the valve of the fire hydrant to be in a normally closed state, the fire water outlet of the fire hydrant is closed, the behavior of stealing a water source is avoided, the fire hydrant is prevented from being polluted by the water resource from the source, and effective safety protection is provided for the water resource.
The intelligent electronic lock is opened and closed by remote control of an electronic key. As shown in fig. 4, the process is as follows: 1. an authorized user of the electronic key checks the state of the electronic lock through the terminal access module and sends an unlocking or locking request; 2. after the user information is verified and processed by the cloud platform, the request data is sent to the fire hydrant body monitoring system; 3. after the request data is processed by the control module of the fire hydrant body, the intelligent electronic lock is controlled, the electronic lock is rapidly opened or closed, and effective control of the valve is achieved. The intelligent electronic lock can realize the quick response of the fire hydrant opening and closing request, and does not cause water use delay.
The communication module equipment realizes communication between the monitoring system of the fire hydrant body and the cloud server. The traditional data flow of the terminal of the internet of things for insurance delivery is shown as the equipment reporting process in fig. 5. When the internet of things terminal passes through a reporting period, the terminal equipment starts timing, and after the reporting time is reached, the wireless sending module of the system equipment sends the reporting data. After the data transmission is finished, the system starts to wait for a next counting period, and the process is repeated. In the application of the internet of things technology, usually, one server is connected with tens of thousands of ports of the internet of things equipment, and when the port count time of each terminal equipment is not accurately set, a plurality of terminals easily count the ports at the same time, so that network data congestion is caused, and even network paralysis is caused.
Therefore, the communication module of the present invention is improved for the "equipment counting process" in fig. 5, and adds a "counting time calculation and update process" module, and provides an effective method for distributing the counting time of the internet of things port, so that the counting time of each terminal equipment can be uniformly dispersed in the counting time period, and the problem of network congestion caused by massive terminal counting information can be solved.
The port count time determination method of the invention is as follows:
(1) device number of storage terminal device and internet of things port counting period information
The embedded terminal equipment obtains and stores the equipment number and the counting period information in a mode that the terminal equipment inputs the equipment number of the storage equipment and the terminal equipment receives the counting period of the port set by the server.
(2) Acquiring equipment number of terminal equipment port of Internet of things and counting period information of port of Internet of things
The required calculation information can be obtained by extracting the device number and the counting period information stored in the earlier stage.
(3) Calculating and obtaining the equipment count time
And preprocessing the equipment number and converting the equipment number into integer type data N. The number of credits period T is data in hours. Embedded device pass tNumber-off＝N％(60·TNumber-off) Calculating to obtain accurate equipment counting time t in minutesNumber-off。
And accessing the equipment counting time obtained by calculation into the equipment counting process to realize the distribution setting of the system counting time. When the report period set by the server changes or the terminal equipment of the internet of things is replaced, the changed terminal equipment performs the operation of the 'report time calculation and update process' in fig. 5.
And comparing the received newly set counting period data or the recorded equipment number information with the original data.
And if the data are changed, the changed data are archived, and the new port count time is determined. And replacing the preset count time with the new count time. Therefore, the updating of the counting time is completed and the counting time is put into the equipment counting process for use.
The terminal access module is divided into a WEB terminal access system and an APP terminal access system. The terminal access module not only realizes that a user checks the dynamic state of the fire hydrant and the analysis result of the data model at the WEB end, but also helps the user who patrols and examines the field to monitor the state change of the fire hydrant in real time by using the mobile phone APP. Meanwhile, by utilizing the terminal access module, an authorized user can perform operations such as alarm release, fire hydrant inspection, maintenance, repair and replacement and the like in the system without causing system false alarm, so that convenient maintenance of the fire hydrant and reduction of the system false alarm rate are effectively realized. The behavior of the user in the management operation of the terminal system, the filling of the user log and other information are sent to the cloud for storage, and the information is handed to the data management and data analysis module to complete data analysis.
The terminal access module can realize new use of the fire hydrant based on a user authorization mechanism. The system is used for recording the water consumption and sending the water to the cloud.
The data management and data analysis module is located in the cloud server, the cloud system completes storage management of data such as terminal equipment transmission data, user data and behavior logs, and meanwhile data analysis and behavior prediction are completed on the stored data.
And aiming at the state data of the fire hydrant obtained by the fire hydrant terminal measuring module, performing abnormal detection on the state of the fire hydrant by using an Isolation Forest algorithm. The algorithm model is established, firstly, detection data obtained by a plurality of sensors at the same time are used as a plurality of characteristic dimensions of one input sample di, and a data set D ═ { di, i ═ 1.. n } is established. Then, a subset of the data set D is randomly extracted to construct an iTree. The iForest is formed by constructing a plurality of iTrees. Thereafter, based on the established iForest model, anomaly detection is performed. And calculating the path length h (d) of the data d in each iTree by traversing the iTrees of the whole iForest, and finally judging whether the data d is abnormal or not by using the abnormal score S (d, n). S (d, n) is determined as follows:
Figure BDA0002327208570000081
wherein E (h (d)) is the average value of h (d) in the iTree set. C (n) is the normalized value of h (d). When S (d, n) is closer to 1, the probability of being an abnormal point is high, and closer to 0, the probability of being a normal point is high, and the probability of being a normal point is closer to 0.5, the whole data set has no obvious abnormal value.
And aiming at the state data of the fire hydrant obtained by the fire hydrant terminal measuring module and the operation data of the fire hydrant system obtained by the user terminal system, the Kmeans cluster analysis algorithm is utilized to realize the fire hydrant characteristic clustering.
First, data statistics is performed using a statistical model based on database storage data. Counting the water consumption conditions of the fire hydrant, including fire fighting water and other purposes, and establishing a fire hydrant water consumption model; counting the maintenance condition and reasons of the fire hydrant, including the aspects of human factor damage, product aging and the like, and establishing a fire hydrant maintenance model; and (4) counting the maintenance timeliness of the fire hydrant, wherein the statistics comprises response time after an alarm is sent, timeliness when the fire hydrant reaches maintenance after response and the like, and establishing a maintenance timeliness model.
And then, expressing a plurality of attributes serving as ith fire hydrant data points Xi by using the statistical data of the ith fire hydrant in various models to form a data set X. Then, based on K initial cluster center points C given at random, using Euclidean distance formula
Figure BDA0002327208570000082
And calculating the distance from the data set to the center point of each cluster. Wherein Xit represents the t-th attribute of the ith data, Cj represents the j-th cluster center, and Cjt represents the t-th attribute of the j-th cluster center. And distributing each data point to a cluster domain where a cluster center point closest to the data point is located, and forming K clusters S consisting of cluster centers and data divided into the centers.
Then, after all points are successfully distributed, the average value calculation formula is based on
Figure BDA0002327208570000083
And recalculating the average value of all data points in each cluster, wherein the average value is defined as the center of each cluster, and thus obtaining a new cluster center point. Where Sl represents the number of data points in the ith cluster class.
And then, calculating the distance from each point of the data set to the center point of the new cluster, distributing each data point to a cluster domain where the cluster center point closest to the data point is located, and calculating the average distance value to obtain the center point of the new cluster. Based on the step, the cluster is continuously updated, each fire hydrant cluster is finally completed, and classification management is carried out based on the clustering result.
The outdoor fire hydrant monitoring system designed by the invention realizes a multi-party linkage system of the fire hydrant body, the cloud and the terminal. The system body sensor has high measurement precision and accurate measurement, realizes the multidimensional monitoring of the state of the fire hydrant, and ensures the water safety. On the premise of avoiding network congestion, the method realizes quick and accurate prediction and positioning of the fire hydrant abnormity, realizes intuitive interpretation of analysis characteristic results of all the fire hydrants, and completes scientific and efficient management of the fire hydrants.
As shown in fig. 6 to 9, the control module circuit of the system adopts a single chip microcomputer chip U2 with the model number of STC15W4K60S 4-YYYZ; the communication module circuit adopts a four-frequency GSM/GPRS module chip U3 with the model number of SIM 800C; the power supply module circuit comprises a singlechip power supply part of the control module circuit, a four-frequency GSM/GPRS module power supply part of the communication module circuit and a clock power supply and analog-digital conversion power supply part.
As shown in fig. 7, one end of an inductor L2 of the power supply portion of the single chip microcomputer of the control module circuit is connected to the 3.6V voltage VB through 1 of the battery interface J1, the other end of the inductor L2 is connected to the anode of the diode D2, the cathode of the diode D2 is connected to the anode of the polar capacitor C16, the capacitor C17 and one end of the capacitor C18, and then connected to the 3.6V voltage VM, and the cathode of the polar capacitor C16, one end of the capacitor C17 and one end of the capacitor C18 are connected to the ground; terminal 2 of battery interface J1 is grounded.
As shown in fig. 7, one end of an inductor L1 of the four-frequency GSM/GPRS module power supply portion of the communication module circuit is connected to a 3.6V voltage VJ, the other end of an inductor L1 is connected to an anode of a polarity capacitor C12, an anode of a polarity capacitor C13, one end of a capacitor C14, one end of a capacitor C15, and a cathode of a diode D5, and then connected to a 3.4V voltage VG, an anode of a diode D5, the other end of the capacitor C15, the other end of a capacitor C14, a cathode of a polarity capacitor C13, and a cathode of a polarity capacitor C12 are connected to one end of the inductor L3 and then grounded, and the other end of the inductor L3 is grounded.
The clock power supply and analog-to-digital conversion power supply part adopts a field effect tube Q3, and the drain electrode of the field effect tube Q3 is connected with 3.6V voltage VB; the source electrode of the field effect transistor Q3 is connected with the anode of the polar capacitor C11 and one end of the capacitor C10 and then connected with a 3.6V voltage VA, and the cathode of the polar capacitor C11 and the other end of the capacitor C10 are respectively grounded; the grid of the field effect transistor Q3 is connected with one end of the resistor R14 and one end of the resistor R15, the other end of the resistor R14 is connected with the 3.6V voltage VM, and the other end of the resistor R15 is connected with the 41 pin of the singlechip chip U2.
As shown in fig. 8, the control module circuit further employs a clock chip U6, the OSCI pin of the clock chip U6 is connected to the crystal oscillator CRYI and one end of a capacitor C24, and the other end of the capacitor C24 is grounded; the other end of the crystal oscillator CRYI is connected with an OSCO pin of a clock chip U6, an INT pin of the clock chip U6 is connected with one end of a resistor R44 and is also connected with a 21 pin of a singlechip chip U2, and the other end of the resistor R44 is connected with a 3.6 voltage VM; the VSS pin of the clock chip U6 is grounded; a VDD pin of the clock chip U6 is connected with one end of a capacitor C21, a diode D13 and the cathode of a diode D14, the anode of the diode D13 is connected with the anode of a polar capacitor C20, the anode of a polar capacitor C20 is connected with the cathode of the diode D12 through a resistor R38, and the cathode of a polar capacitor C20 and the other end of the capacitor C21 are respectively grounded; the CLKO pin of the clock chip U6 is grounded, the SCL pin is connected with the 3 end of the interface J9, the SDA pin is connected with the 2 end of the interface J9, the 1 end of the interface J9 is grounded, the 4 end of the interface J9 is connected with one end of a resistor R43, one end of a resistor R45, the anode of a diode D14 and the anode of a diode D12 through a resistor R42, the other end of the resistor R43 is connected with the 37 pin of the singlechip chip U2, and the other end of the resistor R45 is connected with the 36 pin of the singlechip chip U2.
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, one end of the resistor R30 is connected to the 6 pin of the monolithic chip U2 and the emitter of the transistor Q8, and the 6 pin of the monolithic chip U2 is connected to the 3.6V voltage VM through the resistor R22; the other end of the resistor R30 is connected with 3.6V voltage VM, the collector of the triode Q8 is connected with one end of a resistor R34 and one end of a resistor R37, the other end of the resistor R37 is connected to a pin 2 of a four-frequency GSM/GPRS module chip U3, the other end of the resistor R34 is connected with one end of a resistor R31 and then connected with 3.6V voltage VE, and the other end of the resistor R31 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q8.
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, one end of the resistor R26 is connected to pin 1 of the four-frequency GSM/GPRS module chip U3 and the emitter of the transistor Q5, the other end of the resistor R26 is connected to the base of the transistor Q5 and one end of the resistor R24, and the other end of the resistor R24 is connected to the voltage VE of 3.6; the collector of the triode Q5 is connected with one end of the resistor R25 and the resistor R27, the other end of the resistor R25 is connected with the 3.6 voltage VM, and the other end of the resistor R27 is connected with the 39 pin of the singlechip chip U2.
As shown in fig. 9, the communication module circuit further includes a sim card slot U4 and a TVS tube U5, a 15 pin of a four-frequency GSM/GPRS module chip U3 is connected to one end of a resistor R41 and a capacitor C22, the other end of the capacitor C22 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R41 is connected to SIMIO ends of the sim card slot U4 and the TVS tube U5, a 16 pin of a four-frequency GSM/GPRS module chip U3 is connected to one end of the resistor R40, the other end of the resistor R40 is connected to SIMCIK ends of the sim card slot U4 and the TVS tube U5, a 17 pin of the four-frequency GSM/GPRS module chip U3 is connected to one end of the resistor R39, the other end of the resistor R39 is connected to SIMRST ends of the sim card slot U4 and the TVS tube U5, an 18 pin of the four-frequency GSM/GPRS module chip U3 is connected to the simi end of the sim card slot U4, a vdd/GPRS chip U3, a module pin 13 and a ground pin 20 are connected; the 1 end of the TVS tube U5 is connected with one end of the capacitor C23, and the 2 end is connected with the other end of the capacitor C23 and then grounded.
As shown in fig. 8 and fig. 9, pins 24, 25, 26, and 27 of the four-frequency GSM/GPRS module chip U3 are respectively connected to terminal 1, terminal 2, terminal 3, and terminal 4 of the interface J8, and pins 30 and 31 are connected to ground, pin 32 is connected to one end of the antenna pedestal BNC1, and the other end of the antenna pedestal BNC1 is grounded; the pin 33 of the four-frequency GSM/GPRS module chip U3 is grounded; the pin 34 and the pin 35 are connected and then connected with a 3.4 voltage VG, the pin 36 and the pin 37 are connected and then grounded, the pin 39 is connected with a collector of a triode Q4, a base of the triode Q4 is connected with one end of a resistor R21, and the other end of the resistor R21 is connected with one end of a resistor R23 and then connected with the pin 32 of a singlechip chip U2; the other end of the resistor R23 is connected with the emitter of the triode Q4 and then grounded.
As shown in fig. 9, pin 40 of the four-frequency GSM/GPRS module chip U3 is connected to the voltage VE of 3.6, pin 41 is connected to one end of the resistor R33, the other end of the resistor R33 is connected to one end of the resistor R36 and the base of the transistor Q7, and the emitter of the transistor Q7 is connected to the other end of the resistor R36 and then grounded; the collector of the transistor Q7 is connected to the cathode of the led D11, and the anode of the led D11 is connected to the 3.4 VG via the resistor R29.
As shown in fig. 9, a pin 42 of the four-frequency GSM/GPRS module chip U3 is connected to one end of a resistor R32, the other end of the resistor R32 is connected to one end of a resistor R35 and a base of a transistor Q6, and an emitter of a transistor Q6 is connected to the other end of a resistor R35 and then grounded; the collector of the transistor Q6 is connected to the cathode of the led D10, and the anode of the led D10 is connected to the 3.4 VG via the resistor R28.
As shown in fig. 6 and 8, the 1 end of the first photosensor interface J6 is connected to the 5 pin of the monolithic chip U2 and one end of the resistor R1, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the 3.6 voltage VA, and the 5 pin of the monolithic chip U2 is connected to the 2 end of the pressure sensor interface J6 through the capacitor C2, and is grounded after connection.
As shown in fig. 6 and 8, the 1 end of the second photosensor interface J7 is connected to the 7 pin of the monolithic chip U2 and one end of the resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the 3.6 voltage VA, and the 7 pin of the monolithic chip U2 is connected to the 2 end of the pressure sensor interface J7 through the capacitor C3, and is grounded after connection.
As shown in fig. 6 and 8, the pressure sensor interface J4 has a 1 terminal connected to the voltage VA of 3.6V, a 2 terminal connected to the 4 pin of the monolithic chip U2 and one terminal of the capacitor C8, and a 3 terminal connected to the other terminal of the capacitor C8 and then grounded.
As shown in fig. 6 and 8, the 1 end of the flow sensor interface J5 is connected to one end of the resistor R7 and then connected to the 3.6V voltage VA, the 2 end of the flow sensor interface J5 is connected to the other end of the resistor R7, the resistor R8 and one end of the capacitor C9, the other end of the resistor R8 is connected to the 25 pin of the one-chip microcomputer chip U2, and the 3 end of the flow sensor interface J5 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C9 and then connected to the ground.
As shown in fig. 6 and 8, one end of the resistor R4 and the capacitor C5 of the magnetic sensor is connected to the 20 th pin of the monolithic computer chip U2, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to the 3.6V voltage VM, and the other end of the capacitor C5 is grounded;
as shown in fig. 6 and 8, the positive electrode of the polarity capacitor C1 of the tilt sensor is connected to the 20 pin of the single chip microcomputer chip U2, the negative electrode of the polarity capacitor C1 is connected to one end of the resistor R5, the 40 pin of the single chip microcomputer chip U2, one end of the capacitor C6, and one end of the single-pole single-throw switch K2, the other end of the single-pole single-throw switch K2 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C6 and then grounded, and the other end of the resistor R5 is connected to the 3.6V voltage VM.
As shown in fig. 6 and 8, one end of the single-pole single-throw switch K3 of the valve opening and closing sensor is connected to the 24 pin of the monolithic chip U2, the resistor R6 and one end of the capacitor C7, the other end of the single-pole single-throw switch K3 of the valve opening and closing sensor is connected to the other end of the capacitor C7 and then grounded, and the other end of the resistor R6 is connected to the 3.6V voltage VM.

Claims (9)

1. An outdoor fire hydrant monitoring system is characterized by comprising a measuring module, a control module, a communication module, a power supply module, a data management and data analysis module and a terminal access module; the measuring module, the control module, the communication module and the power supply module are integrally installed on the fire hydrant terminal equipment body; the measuring module comprises a pressure sensor for detecting fire fighting water pressure, a valve opening and closing sensor for detecting and preventing abnormal opening of a fire hydrant valve, a flow sensor for detecting fire fighting water, an inclination angle sensor for detecting inclination of the fire hydrant, a magnetic sensor for detecting opening and closing of a cover cap and two photosensitive sensors for detecting a shielded state of the fire hydrant, so that the comprehensive and accurate monitoring of the state of the fire hydrant is realized;
the control module comprises a singlechip; the communication module comprises NB-IOT communication equipment; the data management and data analysis module comprises a cloud server; the terminal access module comprises a WEB terminal and an APP terminal; the power supply module is respectively connected with the measuring module, the control module and the communication module; the cloud server is in remote communication connection with the NB-IOT communication equipment; meanwhile, the cloud server is respectively connected with the WEB terminal and the APP terminal.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flow sensor is a micro turbine flow meter, the micro turbine flow meter is installed in the fire hydrant body, is located at a position which is downstream from the midstream of the whole fire hydrant pipeline, and is fixed around the core rod in the fire hydrant body.
3. The outdoor fire hydrant monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein said valve opening and closing sensor body includes a valve micro-motion sensor for detecting the opening of the fire hydrant valve and an intelligent electronic lock for preventing the illegal opening of the fire hydrant valve.
4. A detection method using the outdoor fire hydrant monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the detection method comprises:
the measuring module measures the partial area of the section of the large-caliber fire hydrant cavity pipeline by adopting a miniature turbine flowmeter, and multiplies the flow of a measuring result by utilizing the flow multiplication principle and based on the proportion of the area to the area of the whole section to realize the flow measurement calculation of the section of the whole pipeline;
secondly, the communication module realizes the orderly counting of the ports of the fire hydrant internet of things by adopting a method of the internet of things ports for decentralized counting;
thirdly, the data management and data analysis module analyzes the data by adopting an anomaly detection algorithm and a clustering analysis algorithm based on machine learning; establishing a water consumption statistical model, a maintenance condition statistical model, a human factor damage statistical model and a rescue maintenance timeliness statistical model to realize visual analysis of collected data;
the measuring module adopts a valve opening and closing sensor, wherein when the intelligent electronic lock is in a normally closed state, a fire water outlet of the fire hydrant is ensured to be closed, and effective safety protection is provided for water resources; the remote control is carried out through the electronic key, and the control mode is as follows: an authorized user of the electronic key checks the state of the electronic lock through the terminal access module and sends an unlocking or locking request; the request data is verified, audited and processed by the cloud platform and then sent to the fire hydrant body monitoring system; after the request data is processed by the control module of the fire hydrant body, the intelligent electronic lock is controlled, the electronic lock is rapidly opened and closed, the valve is rapidly controlled, and water delay is avoided.
5. The method for detecting by using the outdoor fire hydrant monitoring system according to claim 4, wherein the area of the measuring region of the micro turbine flowmeter is 1/n of the cross-sectional area of the fire hydrant pipeline at the measuring position, and the region flow value Q obtained based on the measurement of the micro flowmeterlBy calculating the formula: qt＝n·QlAnd calculating to obtain the total water flow Q in the whole fire hydrant pipelinet。
6. The method for detecting by adopting the outdoor fire hydrant monitoring system according to claim 4, wherein the orderly counting of the ports of the fire hydrant internet of things is performed by aiming at each fire hydrant terminal equipment, and utilizing the number N of each terminal equipment and the set counting period TNumber-offAnd the controller of the fire hydrant device adopts the following calculation formula: t is tNumber-off＝N％(60·TNumber-off) Obtaining the equipment counting time t in minutesNumber-offWherein T isNumber-offThe counting period is an hour-based counting period, the equipment and other terminal equipment are effectively and uniformly dispersed on the counting period through a calculation formula, and the ordered counting of ports of the fire hydrant internet of things is realized.
7. The method for detecting by using the outdoor fire hydrant monitoring system according to claim 4 or claim 6, wherein the method for orderly reporting the port of the fire hydrant internet of things performs the following operations: comparing the received newly set counting period data and the input equipment number information with the original data; under the condition that data change exists, the changed data is archived, and new port counting time is determined; replacing the new count time with the preset count time; therefore, the updating of the counting time is completed and the counting time is put into the equipment counting process for use.
8. The method for detecting by adopting the outdoor fire hydrant monitoring system according to claim 4, wherein the anomaly detection algorithm based on machine learning adopts an Isolation Forest algorithm anomaly detection model to analyze the data collected by the measuring module; the method comprises the steps that detection data obtained by a plurality of sensors of a measuring module at the same time are used as a plurality of characteristic dimensions of an input characteristic vector, an Isolation Forest algorithm-based anomaly detection model is established, and accurate detection of tiny abnormal changes of the state of the fire hydrant is achieved; the Isolation Forest anomaly detection model carries out model updating regularly according to the change of the cloud database anomaly samples, and achieves quick and effective improvement of anomaly detection precision.
9. The method for detecting by using the outdoor fire hydrant monitoring system according to claim 4, wherein the cluster analysis algorithm is used for clustering the fire hydrants by using a Kmeans-based fire hydrant characteristic cluster analysis method; based on the stored data, each hydrant behaviour is analysed using a statistical model.
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