CN110989175B - Resolution-enhanced light field display based on polarizer holographic grating - Google Patents
Resolution-enhanced light field display based on polarizer holographic grating Download PDFInfo
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- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
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Abstract
The invention relates to a resolution enhancement light field display based on a polarizer holographic grating, which comprises a light source module, a micro display module, a polarizer holographic grating array module, a transparent glass module and a synchronous signal device, wherein the micro display module is arranged on the light source module; the micro display module comprises a micro display, a semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirror and a mode sheet set; the polarizer holographic grating array module comprises a polarizer holographic grating array and a focusing lens, wherein the polarizer holographic grating array comprises a glass substrate and a polarizer holographic grating film; the transparent glass module comprises a reflecting surface and a viewpoint array; a laser light path generated by a laser light source sequentially passes through the beam expanding system short-focus lens, the beam expanding system long-focus lens, the mode sheet group, the semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirror, the polarizer holographic grating array and the focusing lens to reach the reflecting surface; the micro display receives a light path generated by the reflected light of the semi-transparent semi-reflective mirror, and the light path sequentially passes through the semi-transparent semi-reflective mirror and the polarizer holographic grating array module to reach the reflecting surface; such a display can improve the resolution of the reconstructed light field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of near-eye display systems, in particular to a resolution-enhanced light field display based on a polarizer holographic grating.
Background
The current near-eye display schemes mostly project the image source content of the display system placed in the non-photopic distance into the pupil through some optical elements, such as a free-form surface, an optical lens, a half-mirror, an optical waveguide, etc. However, many challenges still exist in the current solution, such as miniaturization of device size, light weight, low power consumption of system, high resolution of image, real-time rendering, and most important visual comfort. In which a good viewing experience is essential in order to ensure that the user can use the device for a long time, but unfortunately, no solution is available to solve the above problems at the same time. However, for the most important adjustment in visual comfort and the conflict problem of the convergence angle, there are currently many effective solutions that can be alleviated by providing accurate or nearly accurate depth cues, such as a maxwell view-based display solution; a multi-plane based display scheme; a holographic-based light field display scheme; a light field display scheme based on double-layer liquid crystal; and light field display schemes based on integrated imaging principles, etc.
Wherein the holographic method is considered as the best 3D reconstruction scheme. The main principle is that a reconstructed light field capable of continuously zooming is formed in space by accurately reconstructing phase information of an original light field. However, due to the limitation of the display principle, the problems of serious resolution loss, small field angle, complicated optical path and the like exist, so that the imaging quality of the scheme is poor, and the popularization and application of the stereoscopic display technology are seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a resolution-enhanced light field display based on a polarizer holographic grating, which can improve the resolution of a reconstructed light field.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
resolution ratio enhancement light field display based on polarization body holographic grating, characterized by: the device comprises a light source module, a micro-display module, a polarizer holographic grating array module, a transparent glass module and a synchronous signal device, wherein the light source module comprises a laser light source, a short-focus lens of a beam expanding system and a long-focus lens of the beam expanding system; the micro display module comprises a micro display, a semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirror and a mode sheet set; the polarizer holographic grating array module comprises a polarizer holographic grating array and a focusing lens, wherein the polarizer holographic grating array comprises a glass substrate and a polarizer holographic grating film; the transparent glass module comprises a reflecting surface and a viewpoint array;
the laser light path generated by the laser light source sequentially passes through the beam expanding system short-focus lens, the beam expanding system long-focus lens, the mode sheet group, the semi-transmitting semi-reflecting mirror, the polarizer holographic grating array and the focusing lens to reach the reflecting surface;
the micro display receives a light path generated by the reflected light of the semi-transparent semi-reflective mirror, and the light path sequentially passes through the semi-transparent semi-reflective mirror and the polarizer holographic grating array module to reach the reflecting surface;
the glass substrate and the polarizer holographic grating film form a group of polarizer holographic gratings, a plurality of groups of polarizer holographic gratings are arranged in parallel to form a polarizer holographic grating array, and the polarizer holographic grating array is used for directionally refracting incident light in a specific polarization state;
the micro display and the mode sheet set jointly act to generate projection light with different polarization directions; the polarization state type of the transmitted light is consistent with the polarization state type induced by the polarizer holographic grating array;
the focal length of the focusing lens is variable, and the reflecting surface is a semi-transmitting semi-reflecting surface;
the synchronous signal device is used for synchronously sending synchronous signals to the controller of the focusing lens, the image controller of the microdisplay and the controller of the mode group;
the number of the synchronous signals is consistent with that of the polarization body holographic gratings, the number of the polarization body holographic gratings is consistent with that of the viewpoints in the viewpoint array, and the viewpoints in the viewpoint array can correspond to the focuses of the focusing lenses one by one.
The laser light source adopts a narrow-band monochromatic laser light source.
The reflecting surface has radian, the viewpoint array is distributed on the reflecting surface, the focal point can be projected onto the viewpoints of the viewpoint array in sequence by zooming of the focusing lens, and the reflecting surface can project the contents reflected by all the viewpoints into an observation point on one side of the reflecting surface.
The diameter of the focusing lens is not less than the side length of the polarizer holographic grating array.
The polarizer holographic grating array is formed by n groups of polarizer holographic gratings which are arranged in parallel along the direction of an optical axis.
The mode sheet group consists of n electric control polaroids which are arranged in parallel along the direction of an optical axis, the polarization angle interval between two adjacent electric control polaroids is alpha, and the polarization angle interval
The mode sheet group adopts a single polaroid divided into m multiplied by m grid regions, the polarization directions of all the grid regions are different, the polarization angle interval is beta, and the polarization angle interval is
Number of grids m2＝n。
The mode sheet group adopts an electric control liquid crystal phase delayer which generates a phase delay sequence by a time division multiplexing method.
The mode sheet set adopts a transparent glass sheet, the micro display adopts a polarized reflective liquid crystal display, and light information generated by the micro display is elliptical polarized light.
The microdisplay displays an m x m array of image sequences.
The resolution-enhanced light field display based on the polarizer holographic grating can produce the following beneficial effects: first, the polarizer holographic grating is used as a main reflection device, and compared with the traditional mirror reflection or optical waveguide reflection, the polarizer holographic grating has the advantages of small volume, low processing difficulty and large field angle. And secondly, by adopting the array structure of the volume-vibrating holographic grating, parallax images with different angle information are projected to different modules, compared with the traditional single-viewpoint projection, the optical field reconstruction in a large field depth range can be carried out, the monocular continuous focusing is realized, the conflict problem of binocular convergence angle adjustment is solved, and the absolute technical advantage is provided for future augmented reality and virtual reality display technologies. Thirdly, the polarizer, the micro-display and the focusing lens are adjusted cooperatively by adopting the synchronous signal, so that the whole reconstructed light field is more accurate. In addition, all viewpoints are directionally projected by adopting a time division multiplexing mode, compared with the resolution limit of the traditional method which is the resolution of the micro display, the resolution of the reconstructed light field can be improved by N times of the resolution of the micro display in theory, and N is the number of the viewpoints.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a resolution enhanced light field display based on a polarizer holographic grating according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a light source module of a resolution-enhanced light field display based on a polarizer holographic grating according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a resolution-enhanced light field display micro-display module based on a polarizer holographic grating according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarization holographic grating array of a polarization-enhanced light field display based on resolution of a polarization holographic grating according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the working optical path of the focusing lens of resolution-enhanced light field display based on the polarizer holographic grating of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an operating optical path of a reflection surface of a resolution-enhanced light field display based on a polarizer holographic grating according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the working optical path of the focusing lens of resolution-enhanced light field display based on the polarizer holographic grating of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the working optical path of the reflection surface of the resolution-enhanced light field display based on the polarizer holographic grating of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the resolution enhanced light field display based on the polarizer holographic grating of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the device for synchronizing signals of resolution-enhanced light field display based on the holographic grating of the polarizer according to the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the polarization direction of light and the incident direction in the polarization holographic grating array of the polarizer-based holographic grating for resolution-enhanced light field display according to the present invention.
Description of the drawings: 1. a light source module; 2. a micro-display module; 3. a polarizer holographic grating array module; 4. a transparent glass module; 5. an observation point; 6. a synchronization signal device; 11. a laser light source; 12. a beam expanding system short focus lens; 13. a beam expanding system tele lens; 21. a microdisplay; 22. a semi-transparent semi-reflective mirror; 23. a mode sheet set; 31. a glass substrate; 32. a polarizer holographic grating film; 33. a focusing lens; 41. a viewpoint array; 42. a reflective surface; 411. a first viewpoint; 412. a second viewpoint; 51. a first light field; 52. a second light field.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific preferred embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, a resolution enhanced light field display based on a polarizer holographic grating is characterized by: the device comprises a light source module 1, a micro-display module 2, a polarizer holographic grating array module 3, a transparent glass module 4 and a synchronous signal device 6, wherein the light source module 1 comprises a laser light source 11, a beam expanding system short-focus lens 12 and a beam expanding system long-focus lens 13; the micro display module 2 comprises a micro display 21, a half mirror 22 and a mode sheet set 23; the polarizer holographic grating array module 3 comprises a polarizer holographic grating array and a focusing lens 33, wherein the polarizer holographic grating array comprises a glass substrate 31 and a polarizer holographic grating film 32; the transparent glass module 4 comprises a reflecting surface 42 and a viewpoint array 41;
the laser light path generated by the laser light source 11 sequentially passes through the beam expanding system short-focus lens 12, the beam expanding system long-focus lens 13, the mode sheet group 23, the half-transmitting and half-reflecting mirror 22, the polarizer holographic grating array and the focusing lens 33 to reach the reflecting surface 42;
the optical path generated by the micro display 21 receiving the reflected light of the half mirror 22 passes through the half mirror 22 and the polarizer holographic grating array module 3 in sequence to reach the reflecting surface 42;
a glass substrate 31 and a polarizer holographic grating film 32 form a group of polarizer holographic gratings, a plurality of groups of polarizer holographic gratings are arranged in parallel to form a polarizer holographic grating array, and the polarizer holographic grating array is used for directionally refracting incident light in a specific polarization state;
the micro display 21 and the mode set 25 cooperate to generate projection lights with different polarization directions; the polarization state type of the transmitted light is consistent with the polarization state type induced by the polarizer holographic grating array;
the focal length of the focusing lens 33 is variable, and the reflecting surface 42 is a semi-transmitting and semi-reflecting surface;
the synchronous signal device 6 is used for synchronously sending synchronous signals to the controller of the focusing lens 33, the image controller of the micro display 21 and the controller of the mode group 25;
the number of the synchronization signals is consistent with the number of the polarization holographic gratings, the number of the polarization holographic gratings is consistent with the number of the viewpoints in the viewpoint array 41, and the viewpoints in the viewpoint array 41 and the focuses of the focusing lens 33 can be in one-to-one correspondence.
In this embodiment, the laser light source 11 is a narrow-band monochromatic laser light source. The commonly used monochromatic laser light sources are blue light with the wavelength of 457nm, green light with the wavelength of 532nm and red light with the wavelength of 630 nm.
In this embodiment, since the microdisplay 21 does not emit light, the reflected light from the half mirror 22 reaches the microdisplay 21, and is reflected by the microdisplay 21 to reach the polarizer holographic grating array 32.
In the present embodiment, the reflecting surface 42 has a curvature, the viewpoint array 41 is distributed on the reflecting surface 42, the focus lens 33 is used to zoom so as to sequentially project the focal points to the viewpoints of the viewpoint array 41, and the reflecting surface 42 is used to project the contents reflected from all the viewpoints to the observation point on the reflecting surface 42 side.
As the number of viewpoints in the viewpoint array 41 increases, the distribution surface of the viewpoints may be larger, so that the reflecting surface 42 is designed to have a certain radian, and it is ensured that the observation point where the pupils of human eyes are located can receive the content reflected by all the viewpoints.
In the present embodiment, the diameter of the focusing lens 33 is not smaller than the side length of the polarizer holographic grating array.
The focusing lens 33 can receive all image contents refracted by the polarizer holographic grating, and the diameter range of the focusing lens 33 can be increased, thereby achieving a preferable effect.
In this embodiment, the polarizer holographic grating array is formed by n sets of polarizer holographic gratings arranged in parallel along the optical axis direction.
In order to generate incident light with different polarization directions, the mode set 23 may employ n electrically-controlled polarizers arranged in parallel along the optical axis, and the polarization angle interval is α and the polarization angle interval is
The polaroid in the working mode can directionally select the polarization state of emergent light, and the polaroid in the non-working mode is transparent glass.
As shown in fig. 11, the Poincare sphere, different positions on the sphere can represent different polarization states, two poles represent left-handed and right-handed, respectively, and the "equator" represents linear polarization in different directions. When circularly polarized light passes through the half-wave plates in different optical axis directions, the paths of the change of the rotation direction into the reverse polarization are different, and different polarization change processes generate a 'geometric phase or PB phase difference'. The PB phase difference generated is: the Poincare sphere has a spherical area surrounded by different polarization change paths. If the incident circular polarization is expressed as:
wherein
And
respectively the light intensity in two perpendicular directions along the surface of the polarizer.
The jones matrix is known to calculate the polarizer light field transfer matrix as T, and can be expressed as:
α is the polarization angle of the polarizer.
Then an output light field can be obtained as:
therefore, the relationship between the polarization state of the outgoing light and the polarizing plate can be derived.
Therefore, the logically-known mode set 23 may also select a set of m × m electrically-controlled polarizers, and the polarization state may be controlled by a voltage. The polaroids are sequentially operated in a time division multiplexing mode, and the polaroids in the non-operating state are equivalent to transparent glass. The array directions of the polaroids are sequentially changed, and then a group of corresponding emergent light with different polarization directions can be obtained. The polaroid can also be integrated on a single-chip polaroid and divided into m multiplied by m grid areas, the polarization direction of each area is different, the polarization angle interval is beta, and the polarization angle interval is
The structure can obtain a group of emergent light with different polarization directions only by one-time incidence. Number m of polarizing plates2＝n。
Further, in order to generate incident light with different polarization directions, the mode set 23 may also employ an electrically controlled liquid crystal retarder, which generates a phase retardation sequence by a time division multiplexing method.
Further, when the microdisplay 21 is a polarized reflective liquid crystal display, the light information generated by the microdisplay 21 is elliptically polarized light, and the mode set 23 may be a transparent glass sheet. In this case the polarization controller part of the polarizer can be omitted for the synchronization signal means 6.
The display 21 may be an LCOS microdisplay device for displaying a sequence of view maps or a hologram array containing holograms for each view map. Further, the microdisplay 21 displays an m × m array of image sequences with horizontal parallax between the image sequences in the horizontal direction and vertical parallax between the image sequences in the vertical direction.
When the mode group 23 adopts a scheme that n electrically controlled polarizing plates are arranged in parallel in the optical axis direction, the system operating mode is time division multiplexing, that is, the polarizing plates are sequentially traversed in time sequence within one frame period, and at this time, the image content displayed by the display is also sequentially changed. When the mode group 23 can adopt a scheme of grid arrangement of a group of m × m electrically controlled polarizers, the system operation mode is space division multiplexing, that is, different regions modulate different contents spatially, at this time, the display only needs to display one image in one frame period, but the image is divided into m × m regions, and each region corresponds to one group of m × m polarizers. Both time-division multiplexing and space-division multiplexing are generated from m × m images within one frame period.
The polarization state generated by each polaroid is provided with a group of polarizer holographic gratings corresponding to the polarization state in the polarizer holographic grating array, and other groups of polarizer holographic gratings are in a transparent glass state for the polarized light.
As shown in fig. 5, the viewpoint information of the first light field 51 comes from the micro display 21, and since the first light field 51 is a light ray with a certain polarization state, only the sheet of the holographic polarizer grating sensitive to the polarization state will refract the light ray with the polarization state in a directional manner when passing through the holographic polarizer grating array, and the other holographic polarizer gratings correspond to transparent glass for the light ray. The first light field 51 is converged on the reflecting surface 42 by the focusing lens 33, and the viewpoint position is a first viewpoint 411. Fig. 6 shows that the first light field 51 is reflected by the reflective surface 42 of the first viewpoint 411 to the human eye, and the viewpoint retinal projection at this angle is completed.
Similarly, as shown in fig. 7, the viewpoint information of the second light field 52 comes from the microdisplay, and since the second light field 52 is a light ray with a certain polarization state, when passing through the polarizer holographic grating array, only the polarizer holographic grating sensitive to the polarization state will refract the light ray directionally, and the other polarizer holographic gratings pass through the light ray directly, which is equivalent to transparent glass. The second light field 52 is converged on the reflection surface 42 by the focusing lens 33, and the viewpoint position is a second viewpoint 412. Fig. 8 shows that the second light field 52 is reflected by the reflection surface with the viewpoint position being the second viewpoint 412 into the human eye, and the viewpoint retinal projection at this angle is completed. By analogy, in a light field period, namely within the time of one frame, all the viewpoint positions in the viewpoint array can complete one viewpoint projection and one viewpoint reflection in turn.
The working principle of the system is shown in fig. 9: the polarization signal drives the polarizer, the output polarization state is Mode A, and simultaneously, the micro display also displays the image corresponding to the viewpoint A. Since the image has the polarization state of Mode A, all the polarization body holographic polarizing plates only at the leftmost side can directionally refract the light of the viewpoint and converge at the position of the upper left corner of the viewpoint array under the action of the main lens. Similarly, the polarization states of Mode B and Mode C also converge corresponding to the viewpoints at the central position and the lower right position of the viewpoint array.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. Resolution ratio enhancement light field display based on polarization body holographic grating, characterized by: the device comprises a light source module (1), a micro-display module (2), a polarizer holographic grating array module (3), a transparent glass module (4) and a synchronous signal device (6), wherein the light source module (1) comprises a laser light source (11), a beam expanding system short-focus lens (12) and a beam expanding system long-focus lens (13); the micro display module (2) comprises a micro display (21), a half-transmitting and half-reflecting mirror (22) and a mode sheet set (23); the polarizer holographic grating array module (3) comprises a polarizer holographic grating array and a focusing lens (33), wherein the polarizer holographic grating array comprises a glass substrate (31) and a polarizer holographic grating film (32); the transparent glass module (4) comprises a reflecting surface (42) and a viewpoint array (41);
a laser light path generated by the laser light source (11) sequentially passes through the beam expanding system short-focus lens (12), the beam expanding system long-focus lens (13), the mode sheet group (23), the half-transmitting and half-reflecting mirror (22), the polarizer holographic grating array and the focusing lens (33) to reach the reflecting surface (42);
the micro display (21) receives the light path generated by the reflected light of the half mirror (22) and the light path sequentially passes through the half mirror (22) and the polarizer holographic grating array module (3) to reach the reflecting surface (42);
a glass substrate (31) and a polarizer holographic grating film (32) form a group of polarizer holographic gratings, a plurality of groups of polarizer holographic gratings are arranged in parallel to form a polarizer holographic grating array, and the polarizer holographic grating array is used for directionally refracting incident light in a specific polarization state;
the micro display (21) and the mode set (23) act together to generate transmission light with different polarization directions; the polarization state type of the transmitted light is consistent with the polarization state type induced by the polarizer holographic grating array;
the focal length of the focusing lens (33) is variable, and the reflecting surface (42) is a semi-transmitting semi-reflecting surface;
the synchronous signal device (6) is used for synchronously sending synchronous signals to a controller of the focusing lens (33), an image controller of the micro display (21) and a controller of the mode group (23);
the number of the synchronous signals is consistent with that of the polarization body holographic gratings, the number of the polarization body holographic gratings is consistent with that of viewpoints in the viewpoint array (41), and viewpoints in the viewpoint array (41) can correspond to focuses of the focusing lens (33) one by one.
2. A resolution enhanced light field display based on a polarizer holographic grating as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the laser light source (11) adopts a narrow-band monochromatic laser light source.
3. A resolution enhanced light field display based on a polarizer holographic grating as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the reflecting surface (42) has a radian, the viewpoint array (41) is distributed on the reflecting surface (42) in an array manner, the focal point can be projected on the viewpoints of the viewpoint array (41) in sequence by zooming the focusing lens (33), and the reflecting surface (42) can project the contents reflected by all the viewpoints into an observation point on one side of the reflecting surface (42).
4. A resolution enhanced light field display based on a polarizer holographic grating as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the diameter of the focusing lens (33) is not less than the side length of the polarizer holographic grating array.
5. A resolution enhanced light field display based on a polarizer holographic grating as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the polarizer holographic grating array is formed by n groups of polarizer holographic gratings which are arranged in parallel along the direction of an optical axis.
6. The polarizer-holographic-grating-based resolution-enhanced light field display of claim 5, wherein: the mode sheet set (23) is composed of n electric control polaroids which are arranged in parallel along the optical axis direction, the polarization angle interval between two adjacent electric control polaroids is alpha, and the polarization angle interval
7. The polarizer-holographic-grating-based resolution-enhanced light field display of claim 5, wherein: the mode sheet group (23) adopts a single-sheet polaroid divided into m multiplied by m grid regions, the polarization directions of all the grid regions are different, the polarization angle interval is beta, and the polarization angle interval is
Number of grids m2＝n。
8. The polarizer-holographic-grating-based resolution-enhanced light field display of claim 5, wherein: the mode sheet group (23) adopts an electric control liquid crystal phase delayer, and the electric control liquid crystal phase delayer generates a phase delay sequence by a time division multiplexing method.
9. The polarizer-holographic-grating-based resolution-enhanced light field display of claim 5, wherein: the mode sheet set (23) adopts a transparent glass sheet, the micro display (21) adopts a polarized reflective liquid crystal display, and light information generated by the micro display (21) is elliptical polarized light.
10. The polarizer-holographic-grating-based resolution-enhanced light field display of claim 5, wherein: the microdisplay (21) displays an m x m array of image sequences.
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