CN110987825A - Urban black and odorous water body grading method based on spectrum matching - Google Patents
Urban black and odorous water body grading method based on spectrum matching Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a spectrum matching-based urban black and odorous water body grading method, which divides the measured remote sensing reflectivity of a water body into 6 grades according to the chromaticity judged in the field; taking the mean value of the measured water body remote sensing reflectivity of each grade as a standard spectrum of each grade; analyzing the standard spectra of 6 grades to obtain spectral difference waveband ranges among water bodies of different grades; and (3) constructing a spectrum matching-based urban black and odorous water body grading method to distinguish water bodies of all grades one by one. And classifying the distinguished urban water bodies with various chroma grades into water body grades with different black and odorous degrees, wherein the overall classification precision is 77.03%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of remote sensing, in particular to a method for grading urban black and odorous water based on spectrum matching.
Background
Along with the acceleration of the urbanization and industrialization process and the increasing of the number of urban residents, the urban river pollution is increased continuously, a large amount of black and odorous water is presented, the urban landscape and the life of the citizens are influenced, and the urban ecological system, the industrial production and the agricultural production are damaged. The restoration and remediation of urban water ecosystems has raised widespread government and social concerns.
The term "black and odorous" refers to an extreme phenomenon of organic pollution of water (Raney-Name et al, 2002), which is caused by the lack of oxygen and the putrefaction of organic substances, emits pungent and nausea odors, and is black or gray-black (jade bin et al, 2010; Zhanjian et al, 2006; Yingcong et al, 2005). "black" and "smelly" are the remarkable features of black and smelly water, and many scholars analyze the component characteristics of black and smelly water from the perspective of blackening and smelly substances. Lazaro (1979) finds that the black odor of the water body is a biochemical phenomenon generated by anaerobic decomposition of organic matters in the water body, Romano (1963) indicates that the indicating substances for showing the odor of the water body are mainly 2-MIB bornanols and geosmin generated by actinomycetes, and the degree of the odor of the water body can be characterized by the content of the geosmin. The inorganic pollutants mainly play a role in blackening, and the main blackening component of the inorganic pollutants is FeS which is easy to oxidize. Rosden (1987) considered that the river black odour was associated with the presence of humus and that the major blackening-causing substance of the black odour of water was FeS. In Yubin et al (2010), it is considered that a large amount of odoriferous substances such as hydrogen sulfide, amine, ammonia, and mercaptan, and black substances such as FeS and MnS are contained in a black and odoriferous water body due to an anoxic environment caused by organic pollution. In addition to the organic and inorganic pollution of the water body caused by external domestic pollution and industrial wastewater, the black and odorous bottom sludge in the water body may be generated. Yuanying et al (2001) point out that anaerobic fermentation of the bottom sludge produces methane and nitrogen and that the floating of the bottom sludge due to disturbance of bubbles is a direct cause of the black and odorous water body.
Research related to remote sensing monitoring of urban black and odorous water bodies begins to develop in recent years. And (2017) verifying whether three typical water quality parameters, namely chlorophyll a, total suspended matter concentration and water turbidity, can be used as a judgment standard for identifying the black and odorous water body, and selecting various wave band combinations to construct a black and odorous water body judgment model group by analyzing a remote sensing reflectivity spectral curve characteristic rule to finally obtain an optimal black and odorous water body judgment model. The urban black and odorous water remote sensing identification algorithm based on various images suitable for GF-2 is constructed (2018), the optimal algorithm is selected to be applied to the images, and the spatial distribution and surrounding environmental factors of the black and odorous water in the built-up area of Nanjing city are analyzed. And the shine skin and the like (2017) judge the river segments in Beijing City at 9 based on the water body shoreline extraction result and the inverted index distribution graph of various water quality parameters by combining the remote sensing judgment index of the water body black and odor degree, and the remote sensing judgment result of the water body black and odor degree of each river segment is basically consistent with the result published by the official. The Caochong industry and the like (2017) analyze the inherent optical quantity, the apparent optical quantity and the water quality parameter characteristics of severe black and odorous water, mild black and odorous water and general water, and lay a foundation for constructing an identification model. A classification decision tree classification method is established based on the measured remote sensing reflectivity, and finally a black and odorous water body identification method based on the measured remote sensing reflectivity, namely a saturation method, is provided, and a proper threshold value is selected for black and odorous identification. The above studies have been conducted only on the recognition of black odor, and few studies have been involved in the classification of the degree of black odor.
Disclosure of Invention
The method provided by the invention divides the urban water body into different chromaticity grades, obtains standard spectra of the different chromaticity grades, analyzes the characteristics of the standard spectra of the different grades, constructs the urban black and odorous water body grading method based on spectrum matching and distinguishes the water bodies of all grades one by one.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
the urban black and odorous water body grading method based on spectrum matching provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
step S1, dividing the measured water body remote sensing reflectivity into 6 grades according to the chromaticity judged in the field, wherein the 6 chromaticity grades are respectively as follows: black, gray yellow, gray green, light gray, greenish and yellowish, which respectively correspond to the black and odorous water body I, the black and odorous water body II, the black and odorous water body III, the black and odorous water body IV, the general water body I and the general water body II;
s2, taking the mean value of the measured water body remote sensing reflectivity of each grade as the standard spectrum of each grade;
s3, obtaining the spectrum difference wave band range among water bodies of different grades by analyzing the standard spectra of 6 grades;
s4, identifying the black and odorous water body I through the measured water body remote sensing reflectivity within the wavelength range of 500-750nm and the spectral angles of six standard spectra, wherein the six standard spectra refer to standard spectra of 6 grades;
s5, selecting a spectrum between the actually measured water body spectrum and the remaining 5 standard spectrum with the wavelength range of 400-500nm, calculating the product of the spectrum angle and the Euclidean distance, and distinguishing the black and odorous water body II when the product of the spectrum angle and the Euclidean distance between the actually measured water body spectrum and the standard spectrum of the black and odorous water body II is minimum;
s6, distinguishing a common water body I through the measured water body remote sensing reflectivity with the wavelength range of 400-900nm and the Euclidean distance of the remaining 4 standard spectra;
s7, selecting a spectrum between the actually measured water body spectrum and the wavelength range of the remaining 3 standard spectra of 400-500nm, calculating the product of the spectral angle and the Euclidean distance, and distinguishing the black and odorous water body III when the product of the spectral angle and the Euclidean distance between the actually measured water body spectrum and the standard spectrum of the black and odorous water body III is minimum;
and S8, distinguishing the last two types of the measured water body remote sensing reflectivity with the wavelength range between 400-750nm and the spectrum angle of the two remaining standard spectra.
As a further optimization scheme of the urban black and odorous water body classification method based on spectrum matching, the spectrum difference waveband ranges obtained in step S3 are respectively as follows: the difference between the standard spectrum of the black and odorous water body I and the other 5 standard spectra is 500-750 nm; the characteristic of the standard spectrum of the black and odorous water body II is represented by 400-500 nm; the standard spectra of the black and odorous water body III and the general water body I are characterized by 400-900 nm; the characteristics of the standard spectra of the black odorous water body IV and the general water body II are represented by 400-750 nm.
As a further optimization scheme of the urban black and odorous water body classification method based on spectrum matching, in step S4, the spectrum angle calculation method is as follows:
where x (i) is the standard spectrum of the ith scale, i is 1,2 … 6, x is the measured spectrum, DSAM(x, X (i)) represents the spectrum angle between the measured spectrum and the ith standard spectrum, the superscript T is transposed, and the wavelength ranges of x and X (i) are both 500-750 nm;
the method for distinguishing the black and odorous water body I is that according to the size of an included angle between an actually measured spectrum and a standard spectrum, if the included angle between the actually measured spectrum and the standard spectrum of the black and odorous water body I is the minimum, the black and odorous water body I is classified as the black and odorous water body I, otherwise, the black and odorous water body I continuously participates in the matching of the following steps: min (D)SAM(x，X(i)))＝DSAM(x，X(1))。
As a further optimization scheme of the urban black and odorous water body classification method based on spectrum matching, the calculation method for distinguishing the black and odorous water body II based on the product of the spectrum angle and the euclidean distance in step S5 is as follows:
min(DSAM(x，X(j))×d(x，X(j)))＝DSAM(x，X(2))×d(x，X(2))
where x (j) is the standard spectrum of the j-th scale, j is 2,3 … 6, x is the measured spectrum, DSAM(x, X (j)) represents the spectral angle between the measured spectrum and the standard spectrum of the j-th grade, the superscript T is transposed, d (x, X (j)) represents the Euclidean distance between the measured spectrum and the standard spectrum of the j-th grade,
the reflectivity values of the t-th wave band of the measured spectrum x and the standard spectrum X (j) are respectively, t is 1,2,3 … n, n is the total number of the wave bands, and the wavelength ranges of x and X (j) are both 400-500 nm;
the method for distinguishing the black and odorous water body II is that according to the product of the included angle between the actually measured spectrum and the standard spectrum and the Euclidean distance, if the calculated value is the minimum with the standard spectrum of the black and odorous water body II, the black and odorous water body II is classified as the black and odorous water body II, otherwise, the black and odorous water body II continues to participate in the matching of the subsequent steps.
As a further optimization scheme of the urban black and odorous water body classification method based on spectrum matching, in step S6, the calculation formula for distinguishing the general water body I by using the euclidean distance is as follows:
min(d(x，X(k)))＝d(x，X(5))
wherein, x (k) is the standard spectrum of the kth level, k is 3,4,5,6, d (x, x (k)) represents the Euclidean distance between the measured spectrum and the standard spectrum of the kth level, and the wavelength ranges of the measured spectrum x and x (k) are both 400-900 nm;
the reflectance values of the t-th waveband of the measured spectrum x and the standard spectrum x (k) are respectively, wherein t is 1,2,3 … n, and n is the total number of wavebands.
As a further optimization scheme of the urban black and odorous water body classification method based on spectrum matching, the calculation method for distinguishing the black and odorous water body III in step S7 by using the product of the spectrum angle and the euclidean distance is as follows:
min(DSAM(x，X(u))×d(x，X(u)))＝DSAM(x，X(3))×d(x，X(3))
wherein, x (u) is the standard spectrum of the u-th grade, u is 3,4,6, x is the measured spectrum, DSAM(x, X (u)) represents the spectral angle of the measured spectrum and the u-th order standard spectrum, the superscript T is transposed, d (x, X (u)) represents the Euclidean distance between the measured spectrum and the u-th order standard spectrum,
the reflectivity values of the t-th wave band of the measured spectrum x and the standard spectrum x (u) are respectively, t is 1,2,3 … n, n is the total number of the wave bands, and the wavelength ranges of x and x (u) are both 400 nm and 900 nm.
As a further optimization scheme of the urban black and odorous water body classification method based on spectrum matching, in step S8, the calculation formula for distinguishing the remaining two types of water bodies by using the spectrum angle is as follows:
min(DSAM(x，X(v)))＝DSAM(x，X(4))
wherein x (v) is a standard spectrum of the v-th scale, v is 4,6, x is an actually measured spectrum, DSAM(x, X (v)) represents the spectrum angle between the measured spectrum and the standard spectrum of the v-th grade, the superscript T is transposed, and the wavelength ranges of x and X (v) are both 400-750 nm.
As a further optimization scheme of the urban black and odorous water body grading method based on spectrum matching, the black and odorous water body I is classified into a severe black and odorous water body, the black and odorous water body II, the black and odorous water body III and the black and odorous water body IV are classified into a mild black and odorous water body, and the general water body I and the general water body II are classified into general water bodies.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the following technical effects:
(1) the method provided by the invention comprises the steps of dividing the urban water body into different chromaticity grades, acquiring standard spectrums of the different chromaticity grades, analyzing the characteristics of the standard spectrums of the different grades, and constructing an urban black and odorous water body classification method based on spectrum matching to distinguish the water bodies of the different grades one by one;
(2) the method has more physical basis and significance, and has better potential in the aspect of universality of urban rivers;
(3) on the other hand, the distinguished urban water bodies with various chroma grades are classified into water body grades with different black and odorous degrees, and the overall grading precision is 77.03%.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a chromaticity rank division diagram.
FIG. 2 is a measured reflectance spectrum of various water bodies; wherein, (a) is black odorous water body I, (b) is black odorous water body II, (c) is black odorous water body III, (d) is black odorous water body IV, (e) is general water body I, and (f) is general water body II.
FIG. 3 is a standard spectrum curve diagram of various water bodies.
Fig. 4 is a method flow diagram.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
Based on 74 outdoor actual photometry spectra obtained by 8 experiments in 2018, 2019, 2018, 2017 and 4, 2017 and 10, 2017 and 2017 of Changsha, the urban black and odorous water body is graded according to the method, an embodiment of the method is provided, and the method is further explained in detail.
S1: dividing the measured remote sensing reflectivity into 6 grades (black and odorous water body I, black and odorous water body II, black and odorous water body III, black and odorous water body IV, general water body I and general water body II) according to the chromaticity judged in the field;
the chromaticity grade division is shown in figure 1, the actually measured reflectivity spectrogram of various water bodies is shown in figure 2, and figure 2 is the actually measured reflectivity spectrogram of various water bodies; where (a) in fig. 2 is a black odorous water body i, (b) in fig. 2 is a black odorous water body ii, (c) in fig. 2 is a black odorous water body iii, (d) in fig. 2 is a black odorous water body iv, (e) in fig. 2 is a general water body i, and (f) in fig. 2 is a general water body ii.
S2: taking the mean value of the measured water body remote sensing reflectivity of each grade as a standard spectrum of each grade;
the standard spectrum curve of various water bodies is shown in figure 3.
S3: analyzing the standard spectra of 6 grades to obtain spectral difference waveband ranges among water bodies of different grades;
s4: the black and odorous water body I is identified through actually measured water body remote sensing reflectivity between 500 plus 750nm and spectrum angles of six standard spectra.
Based on the analysis that the spectrum difference between the 500-750nm black odorous water body I and the rest types of water bodies is most obvious, the spectrum angle between the actual measurement spectrum and the standard spectrum between the 500-750nm black odorous water body I and the rest 5 types of water bodies are calculated by utilizing the spectrum angle matching, so that the black odorous water body I is firstly distinguished from the rest 5 types of water bodies:
min(DSAM(x，X(i)))＝DSAM(x，X(1))
when the spectrum angle between the actually measured spectrum and the standard spectrum of the black and odorous water body I is minimum, the spectrum angle is identified as the black and odorous water body I, and if not, the spectrum angle continues to participate in the operation.
S5: and distinguishing the black and odorous water body II by the product of the measured water body remote sensing reflectivity between 400 and 500nm, the spectrum angles of the remaining 5 standard spectra and the Euclidean distances of the spectrum angles.
The reflectivity of the black and odorous water body II in the range of 400-500nm is not obviously changed basically and is maintained near a stable value, and other types of water bodies show a rising trend in the range, so the spectral characteristics in the range can be used for further distinguishing the black and odorous water body II, and the black and odorous water body II can be better identified by the product of the spectral angle and the Euclidean distance:
min(DSAM(x，X(j))×d(x，X(j)))＝DSAM(x，X(2))×d(x，X(2))
where x (j) is the standard spectrum of the j-th scale, j is 2,3 … 6, x is the measured spectrum, DSAM(x, X (j)) represents the spectrum angle between the measured spectrum and the standard spectrum of the j-th grade, the superscript T is transposed, and d (x, X (j)) representsThe table determines the euclidean distance of the measured spectrum from the standard spectrum for the j-th scale,
the reflectivity values of the t-th wave band of the measured spectrum x and the standard spectrum X (j) are respectively, t is 1,2,3 … n, n is the total number of the wave bands, and the wavelength ranges of x and X (j) are both 400-500 nm;
and when the product of the actually measured spectrum and the spectrum angle and the Euclidean distance of the black and odorous water body II is minimum, identifying the black and odorous water body II as the black and odorous water body II, otherwise, continuing to participate in the operation.
S6: the common water body I is distinguished through the measured water body remote sensing reflectivity between 400-plus 900nm and the Euclidean distances of the remaining four standard spectra;
the general water body I can be distinguished from the black and odorous water body III, the black and odorous water body IV and the general water body II by the Euclidean distance:
min(d(x，X(k)))＝d(x，X(5))
wherein, x (k) is the standard spectrum of the kth level, k is 3,4,5,6, d (x, x (k)) represents the Euclidean distance between the measured spectrum and the standard spectrum of the kth level, and the wavelength ranges of the measured spectrum x and x (k) are both 400-900 nm;
the reflectivity values of the t-th wave band of the measured spectrum x and the standard spectrum x (k) are respectively, wherein t is 1,2,3 … n, and n is the total number of the wave bands;
when the Euclidean distance between the measured spectrum and the standard spectrum of the general water body I is minimum, the measured spectrum is identified as the general water body I, otherwise, the measured spectrum continuously participates in operation.
S7: distinguishing the black and odorous water body III by the product of the actually measured reflectivity between 400-900nm and the spectral angle and the European distance between the remaining 3 standard spectra;
the black and odorous water body III can be distinguished from the remaining three types of water bodies by using the product of the 400-900nm spectral angle and the Euclidean distance:
min(DSAM(x，X(u))×d(x，X(u)))＝DSAM(x，X(3))×d(x，X(3))
wherein, x (u) is the standard spectrum of the u-th grade, u is 3,4,6, x is the measured spectrum, DSAM(x, X (u)) represents the spectral angle of the measured spectrum and the u-th order standard spectrum, the superscript T is transposed, d (x, X (u)) represents the Euclidean distance between the measured spectrum and the u-th order standard spectrum,
the reflectivity values of the t-th wave band of the measured spectrum x and the standard spectrum X (u) are respectively, t is 1,2,3 … n, n is the total number of the wave bands, and the wavelength ranges of x and X (u) are both 400 nm and 900 nm;
and when the product of the actually measured spectrum and the spectrum angle and the Euclidean distance of the black and odorous water body III is minimum, identifying the product as the black and odorous water body III, otherwise, continuing to participate in the operation.
S8: distinguishing the last two types through the measured water body remote sensing reflectivity between 400-750nm and the spectrum angle of the last two remaining standard spectra;
in the residual black and odorous water body IV and the general water body II, because no interference of other water bodies exists, the two can be well distinguished by using the spectrum angle of 400-:
min(DSAM(x，X(v)))＝DSAM(x，X(4))
and when the spectrum angle between the measured spectrum and the standard spectrum of the black and odorous water body IV is the minimum, identifying the black and odorous water body IV as the black and odorous water body IV, otherwise, classifying the black and odorous water body IV as the general water body II.
The specific flow of the above method is shown in FIG. 4.
S9: the black and odorous water body I is classified into a severe black and odorous water body, the black and odorous water body II, the black and odorous water body III and the black and odorous water body IV are classified into a mild black and odorous water body, and the general water body I and the general water body II are classified into general water bodies;
s10: and (5) analyzing the precision and detecting the grading effect of the urban black and odorous water body.
The grading effect of the urban black and odorous water body is shown in table 1, and the table 1 shows the precision evaluation result.
TABLE 1
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A city black and odorous water body grading method based on spectrum matching is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, dividing the measured water body remote sensing reflectivity into 6 grades according to the chromaticity judged in the field, wherein the 6 chromaticity grades are respectively as follows: black, gray yellow, gray green, light gray, greenish and yellowish, which respectively correspond to the black and odorous water body I, the black and odorous water body II, the black and odorous water body III, the black and odorous water body IV, the general water body I and the general water body II;
s2, taking the mean value of the measured water body remote sensing reflectivity of each grade as the standard spectrum of each grade;
s3, obtaining the spectrum difference wave band range among water bodies of different grades by analyzing the standard spectra of 6 grades;
s4, identifying the black and odorous water body I through the measured water body remote sensing reflectivity within the wavelength range of 500-750nm and the spectral angles of six standard spectra, wherein the six standard spectra refer to standard spectra of 6 grades;
s5, selecting a spectrum between the actually measured water body spectrum and the remaining 5 standard spectrum with the wavelength range of 400-500nm, calculating the product of the spectrum angle and the Euclidean distance, and distinguishing the black and odorous water body II when the product of the spectrum angle and the Euclidean distance between the actually measured water body spectrum and the standard spectrum of the black and odorous water body II is minimum;
s6, distinguishing a common water body I through the measured water body remote sensing reflectivity with the wavelength range of 400-900nm and the Euclidean distance of the remaining 4 standard spectra;
s7, selecting a spectrum between the actually measured water body spectrum and the wavelength range of the remaining 3 standard spectra of 400-500nm, calculating the product of the spectral angle and the Euclidean distance, and distinguishing the black and odorous water body III when the product of the spectral angle and the Euclidean distance between the actually measured water body spectrum and the standard spectrum of the black and odorous water body III is minimum;
and S8, distinguishing the last two types of the measured water body remote sensing reflectivity with the wavelength range between 400-750nm and the spectrum angle of the two remaining standard spectra.
2. The method for classifying the urban black and odorous water body based on spectral matching as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spectral difference band ranges obtained in step S3 are respectively: the difference between the standard spectrum of the black and odorous water body I and the other 5 standard spectra is 500-750 nm; the characteristic of the standard spectrum of the black and odorous water body II is represented by 400-500 nm; the characteristics of the standard spectra of the black and odorous water body III and the general water body I are represented by 400-900 nm; the characteristics of the standard spectra of the black odorous water body IV and the general water body II are represented by 400-750 nm.
3. The urban black and odorous water body classification method based on spectral matching as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spectral angle calculation method in step S4 is as follows:
where x (i) is the standard spectrum of the ith scale, i is 1,2 … 6, x is the measured spectrum, DSAM(x, X (i)) represents the spectrum angle between the measured spectrum and the ith standard spectrum, the superscript T is transposed, and the wavelength ranges of x and X (i) are both 500-750 nm;
the method for distinguishing the black and odorous water body I is that according to the size of an included angle between an actually measured spectrum and a standard spectrum, if the actually measured spectrum and the black and odorous water body I are different, the black and odorous water body I is distinguishedAnd (3) if the included angle of the standard spectrum of the body I is minimum, the body I is classified as a black and odorous water body I, otherwise, the body I continues to participate in the matching of the subsequent steps: min (D)SAM(x，X(i)))＝DSAM(x，X(1))。
4. The method for classifying the urban black and odorous water body based on the spectral matching as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calculation method for distinguishing the black and odorous water body II based on the product of the spectral angle and the euclidean distance in the step S5 is as follows:
min(DSAM(x，X(j))×d(x，X(j)))＝DSAM(x，X(2))×d(x，X(2))
where x (j) is the standard spectrum of the j-th scale, j is 2,3 … 6, x is the measured spectrum, DSAM(x, X (j)) represents the spectral angle of the measured spectrum and the standard spectrum of the j-th scale, the superscript T is transposed, d (x, X (j)) represents the Euclidean distance between the measured spectrum and the standard spectrum of the j-th scale,
the reflectivity values of the t-th wave band of the measured spectrum x and the standard spectrum X (j) are respectively, t is 1,2,3 … n, n is the total number of the wave bands, and the wavelength ranges of x and X (j) are both 400-500 nm;
the method for distinguishing the black and odorous water body II is that according to the product of the included angle between the actually measured spectrum and the standard spectrum and the Euclidean distance, if the calculated value is the minimum with the standard spectrum of the black and odorous water body II, the black and odorous water body II is classified as the black and odorous water body II, otherwise, the black and odorous water body II continues to participate in the matching of the subsequent steps.
5. The method for classifying the urban black and odorous water body based on the spectral matching as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calculation formula for distinguishing the general water body I by using the euclidean distance in the step S6 is as follows:
min(d(x，X(k)))＝d(x，X(5))
wherein, x (k) is the standard spectrum of the kth level, k is 3,4,5,6, d (x, x (k)) represents the Euclidean distance between the measured spectrum and the standard spectrum of the kth level, and the wavelength ranges of the measured spectrum x and x (k) are both 400-900 nm;
the reflectance values of the t-th waveband of the measured spectrum x and the standard spectrum x (k) are respectively, wherein t is 1,2,3 … n, and n is the total number of wavebands.
6. The urban black and odorous water body classification method based on spectral matching as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calculation method for distinguishing the black and odorous water body III by using the product of the spectral angle and the euclidean distance in step S7 is as follows:
min(DSAM(x，X(u))×d(x，X(u)))＝DSAM(x，X(3))×d(x，X(3))
wherein, x (u) is the standard spectrum of the u-th grade, u is 3,4,6, x is the measured spectrum, DSAM(x, X (u)) represents the spectral angle of the measured spectrum from the u-th order standard spectrum, the superscript T is transposed, d (x, X (u)) represents the Euclidean distance of the measured spectrum from the u-th order standard spectrum,
the reflectivity values of the t-th wave band of the measured spectrum x and the standard spectrum X (u) are respectively, t is 1,2,3 … n, n is the total number of the wave bands, and the wavelength ranges of x and X (u) are both 400-900 nm.
7. The city black odorous water body classification technique based on spectral matching as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calculation formula for distinguishing the remaining two types of water bodies by using the spectral angle in step S8 is:
min(DSAM(x，X(v)))＝DSAM(x，X(4))
wherein x (v) is a standard spectrum of the v-th scale, v is 4,6, x is an actually measured spectrum, DSAM(x, X (v)) represents the spectral angle between the measured spectrum and the standard spectrum of the v-th order, the superscript T is transposed, and the wavelength ranges of x and X (v) are both 400-750 nm.
8. The urban black and odorous water body classification technology based on spectrum matching as claimed in claim 1, wherein the black and odorous water body I is classified as a severe black and odorous water body, the black and odorous water body II, the black and odorous water body III and the black and odorous water body IV are classified as a mild black and odorous water body, and the general water body I and the general water body II are classified as general water bodies.
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