CN110987632A - Plane stress similarity model bias loading test device and method - Google Patents
Plane stress similarity model bias loading test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110987632A CN110987632A CN201911112805.4A CN201911112805A CN110987632A CN 110987632 A CN110987632 A CN 110987632A CN 201911112805 A CN201911112805 A CN 201911112805A CN 110987632 A CN110987632 A CN 110987632A
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plane stress similarity model bias loading test device and a method, comprising two fixed brackets, a reaction frame, a grading reaction device and a reaction loading device; the fixed brackets comprise bracket vertical plates, bracket pressing plates and bracket rib plates, the reaction frame is a steel channel beam, and the steel channel beam is placed on the bracket pressing plates of the two fixed brackets; the grading counterforce device comprises a plurality of bolt groups, and each bolt group consists of a bolt I, a tensile spring and a bolt II; the counter-force loading device comprises a plurality of counter-force loading plates with the same shape, the number of the mounting holes formed in each counter-force loading plate is different, and when a loading test is not carried out, the tensile springs on the bolts are all in the initial length without deformation. The same oil way is adopted to control the load of the hydraulic support, so that the bias load can be applied to the sample, the stress field of the stope face and the coal seam and roof failure characteristics under the bias state can be simulated, and data support is provided for revealing the coal and rock failure mechanism of the working face under the bias effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a plane stress similarity model test device and a plane stress similarity model test method, in particular to a plane stress similarity model bias loading test device and a plane stress similarity model bias loading test method.
Background
Along with the extension of coal mining to deep, the problems of wall caving, roof caving, rock burst, large deformation of roadway surrounding rocks and the like on the working face are increasingly prominent, and the safe and efficient mining of coal resources in China is seriously influenced. The occurrence conditions of coal in China are generally complex, the influence range of the advance supporting pressure of a working face is continuously expanded along with the increase of the mining depth, the mining height and the length of the working face, the pressure of an overlying rock stratum acting on a coal wall and a roof rock stratum is increased along with the increase of the advance supporting pressure of the working face, and the phenomena of coal wall caving, roof caving and the like are easily caused under the action of a complex stress state (especially bias load) of a stope face under the influence of complex geological structures (faults, folds, synclines and the like) and the mining of adjacent working faces. At the present stage, the problem can be solved by means of theoretical research, numerical simulation, model test and other methods, generally speaking, a laboratory simulation test has the characteristics of economy, simplicity, convenience, intuition and repeatability, can clearly reproduce the failure process of a stope face roof and a coal seam coal wall in a complex stress state, can better reflect stope stress and the failure characteristics of a coal seam and a roof, and is a research means with wider application.
At present, due to the influence of factors such as test conditions, test objects and the like, the existing plane stress similarity simulation test device adopts the same oil way to control the load of a hydraulic jack, so that a test bed only can apply uniform load to a sample, and cannot realize graded loading and bias load application, and the research on the surrounding rock stress field and the coal seam and roof failure rule of a stope face under the complex stress condition (especially under the action of the bias load) is severely restricted. Therefore, how to control the load of the hydraulic jack by only adopting the same oil way can realize graded loading and bias load application, thereby simulating the stress field of a stope face and the coal seam and roof failure characteristics under a complex stress state (especially a bias state), disclosing the failure mechanism and mode of the coal and rock mass of the working face under the bias action, and being the research direction of the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a plane stress similar model bias loading test device and a method, which can realize graded loading and bias loading only by adopting the same oil way to control the load of a hydraulic jack, thereby simulating the stress field of a stope face and the coal seam and roof failure characteristics under the bias state and providing data support for revealing the failure mechanism and mode of the coal and rock mass of the working face under the bias action.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a plane stress similarity model bias loading test device comprises two fixed brackets, a reaction frame, a grading reaction device and a reaction loading device;
the fixed bracket comprises a bracket vertical plate, a bracket pressing plate and a bracket ribbed plate, the bracket pressing plate is vertically welded in the middle of the bracket vertical plate, and the bracket ribbed plate is respectively and vertically welded with the bracket pressing plate and the bracket vertical plate; the bracket vertical plates for fixing the brackets are respectively fixed on the side parts of the upright posts of the loading test bed through screws;
the reaction frame is a steel channel beam, and the steel channel beam is placed on the bracket pressing plates of the two fixed brackets and is fixedly connected with the two bracket pressing plates;
the graded counterforce device comprises a plurality of bolt groups, each bolt group consists of a bolt I, a tensile spring and a bolt II, two ends of the tensile spring are fixedly connected with one end of the bolt I and one end of the bolt II respectively, the other ends of the bolts I are fixedly connected with the lower part of the channel steel beam, and the deformation lengths of the tensile springs are the same;
the counter-force loading device comprises a plurality of counter-force loading plates with the same shape, the number of the mounting holes formed in each counter-force loading plate is different, and the other ends of the bolts II are fixedly connected with the mounting holes in each counter-force loading plate respectively; when no load test is performed, the tension spring on each bolt is at an undeformed initial length.
Furthermore, a reinforced steel plate is welded in the middle of the channel steel beam. The reinforced steel plate is additionally arranged to ensure that the reaction frame has enough bending resistance.
Furthermore, the number of the mounting holes formed in each reaction force loading plate is respectively 10, 8, 6, 4 and 0. Therefore, the number of the bolt groups connected by each reaction loading plate is different, and different reaction forces can be applied to the model sample by different reaction loading plates during test loading.
Further, the stiffness of the respective tension springs is different. Because the rigidity of each tensile spring is different, each tensile spring generates different counter forces when the same deformation amount is achieved, and the bias loading effect can be improved.
A use method of a plane stress similarity model bias loading test device comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: manufacturing a model sample according to the mechanical properties of the surrounding rock body to be simulated, and fixing the reaction frame and the fixed bracket on a loading test bed after the model sample is maintained;
step two: according to the bias load required during the test and the adopted spring stiffness coefficient, the deformation (namely the stretching length) of the spring is further determined, so that the counterforce applied by the deformation of the spring during the test can meet the requirement by adjusting the initial distance between the bolt I and the bolt II;
step three: placing a model sample on a bottom plate of a test bed, connecting a reaction frame with a reaction loading plate through a grading reaction device to form a grading reaction system, providing a bias load for the test, and simultaneously directly placing the reaction loading plate with 0 mounting hole on the upper part of the model sample;
step four: starting a test bed loading oil pump, wherein a test bed loading hydraulic support applies uniform load to each counter-force loading plate from top to bottom, each counter-force loading plate moves downwards to apply pressure to a model sample, so that the distance between a bolt I and a bolt II in a bolt group is increased to stretch a tensile spring, the tensile spring applies reverse restoring force opposite to that of the hydraulic support to the counter-force loading plate connected with the tensile spring at the moment, the reverse restoring force can counteract part of load force applied to the reverse loading plate by the hydraulic support, and the counter-force loading plates with the most mounting holes are subjected to the maximum reverse restoring force, and the counter-force loading plates with 0 mounting holes are subjected to the minimum reverse restoring force due to different numbers of the bolt groups connected to the counter-force loading plates; when the hydraulic support applies the same load to each reaction force loading plate, the pressure load of each reaction force loading plate to the model sample is different, and finally, a bias load is formed on the top of the model sample.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopts a mode of combining the fixed bracket, the reaction frame, the grading reaction device and the reaction loading device, and performs reaction action on the model sample through the reaction frame, the grading reaction device and the reaction loading device, thereby realizing the bias loading work on the model sample; therefore, the invention can realize graded loading and bias load application only by adopting the same oil way to control the load of the hydraulic jack, thereby simulating the stress field of the stope face and the coal seam and roof failure characteristics under the bias state and providing data support for revealing the coal rock failure mechanism and mode of the working face under the bias action.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a reaction frame according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a stationary corbel of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a left side view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a reaction load plate with 0 mounting holes according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the reaction force loading plate structure with 4 mounting holes according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the test bed comprises a channel steel beam, 2 parts of a fixed bracket, 2-1 parts of a bracket vertical plate, 2-2 parts of a bracket pressing plate, 2-3 parts of a bracket ribbed plate, 3 parts of a bolt group, 4 parts of a tensile spring, 5 parts of a counter-force loading device, 5-1 parts of a counter-force loading plate with 0 mounting hole, 5-2 parts of a counter-force loading plate with 4 mounting holes, 6 parts of a bolt, 7 parts of a test bed upright column, 8 parts of a test bed bottom plate, 9 parts of a model sample, 10 parts of a reinforced steel plate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained below.
As shown in the figure, the plane stress similar model bias loading test device comprises two fixed brackets 2, a reaction frame, a grading reaction device and a reaction loading device 5;
the fixed bracket 2 comprises a bracket vertical plate 2-1, a bracket pressing plate 2-2 and a bracket ribbed plate 2-3, the bracket pressing plate 2-2 is vertically welded in the middle of the bracket vertical plate 2-1, and the bracket ribbed plate 2-3 is respectively vertically welded with the bracket pressing plate 2-2 and the bracket vertical plate 2-1; the bracket vertical plates 2-1 of the two fixed brackets 2 are respectively fixed on the side parts of the upright posts 7 of the loading test bed through screws 6;
the reaction frame is a steel channel beam 1, and the steel channel beam 1 is placed on the bracket pressing plates 2-2 of the two fixed brackets 2 and is fixedly connected with the two bracket pressing plates 2-2;
the graded counterforce device comprises a plurality of bolt groups 3, each bolt group 3 consists of a bolt I, a tensile spring 4 and a bolt II, two ends of the tensile spring 4 are fixedly connected with one end of the bolt I and one end of the bolt II respectively, the other ends of the bolts I are fixedly connected with the lower part of the channel steel beam 1, and the deformation lengths of the tensile springs 4 are the same;
the counter-force loading device 5 comprises a plurality of counter-force loading plates with the same shape, the number of the mounting holes formed in each counter-force loading plate is different, and the other ends of the bolts II are fixedly connected with the mounting holes in each counter-force loading plate respectively; when no load test is performed, the tension spring 4 on each bolt is at an undeformed initial length.
Further, a reinforced steel plate 10 is welded in the middle of the channel steel beam 1. The stiffened steel plate 10 is added to ensure that the reaction frame has sufficient bending resistance.
Furthermore, the number of the mounting holes formed in each reaction force loading plate is respectively 10, 8, 6, 4 and 0. Therefore, the number of the bolt groups 3 connected with each reaction loading plate is different, and different reaction forces can be applied to the model sample 9 by different reaction loading plates during test loading.
Further, the respective tension springs 4 are different in rigidity. Because the rigidity of each tensile spring 4 is different, each tensile spring 4 generates different counter forces when the deformation amount is the same, and the bias loading effect can be improved.
Comprehensively considering the factors of bias load, the rigidity of the tensile spring 4, the quality of the reaction loading plate, the distance from the pressure head to the top of the model sample 9 and the like, the distance from the suspended reaction loading plate to the top of the model is calculated according to the following formula:
h＝Fi/nik
in the formula, h is the distance from the top of the model when the model is naturally suspended by a spring, and is mm; n isiThe number of suspension springs for each region; fiThe counter force provided for each zone spring, N; k is the stiffness of the spring, N/mm.
A use method of a plane stress similarity model bias loading test device comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: manufacturing a model sample 9 according to the mechanical properties of the surrounding rock body to be simulated, and fixing the reaction frame and the fixed bracket 2 on a loading test bed after the maintenance is finished;
step two: according to the bias load required during the test and the adopted spring stiffness coefficient, the deformation (namely the stretching length) of the spring is further determined, so that the counterforce applied by the deformation of the spring during the test can meet the requirement by adjusting the initial distance between the bolt I and the bolt II;
step three: placing a model sample 9 on a test bed bottom plate 8, connecting a reaction frame with a reaction loading plate through a grading reaction device to form a grading reaction system, providing a bias load for a test, and simultaneously directly placing the reaction loading plate with 0 mounting hole on the upper part of the model sample 9;
step four: starting a test bed loading oil pump, wherein a test bed loading hydraulic support applies uniform load to each counter-force loading plate from top to bottom, each counter-force loading plate moves downwards to apply pressure to a model sample 9, so that the distance between a bolt I and a bolt II in a bolt group is increased to stretch a tensile spring 4, the tensile spring 4 applies reverse restoring force opposite to that of the hydraulic support to the counter-force loading plate connected with the tensile spring 4 at the moment, the reverse restoring force can counteract part of load force applied to the counter-force loading plate by the hydraulic support, and the counter-force loading plates with the most mounting holes are subjected to the highest reverse restoring force, and the counter-force loading plates with 0 mounting holes are subjected to the lowest reverse restoring force due to different quantities of the bolt groups connected to the counter-force loading plates; when the hydraulic support applies the same load to each reaction force loading plate, the pressure load of each reaction force loading plate to the model sample 9 is different, and finally, a bias load is formed on the top of the model sample 9.
Claims (5)
1. A plane stress similarity model bias loading test device is characterized by comprising two fixed brackets, a reaction frame, a grading reaction device and a reaction loading device;
the fixed bracket comprises a bracket vertical plate, a bracket pressing plate and a bracket ribbed plate, the bracket pressing plate is vertically welded in the middle of the bracket vertical plate, and the bracket ribbed plate is respectively and vertically welded with the bracket pressing plate and the bracket vertical plate; the bracket vertical plates for fixing the brackets are respectively fixed on the side parts of the upright posts of the loading test bed through screws;
the reaction frame is a steel channel beam, and the steel channel beam is placed on the bracket pressing plates of the two fixed brackets and is fixedly connected with the two bracket pressing plates;
the graded counterforce device comprises a plurality of bolt groups, each bolt group consists of a bolt I, a tensile spring and a bolt II, two ends of the tensile spring are fixedly connected with one end of the bolt I and one end of the bolt II respectively, the other ends of the bolts I are fixedly connected with the lower part of the channel steel beam, and the deformation lengths of the tensile springs are the same;
the counter-force loading device comprises a plurality of counter-force loading plates with the same shape, the number of the mounting holes formed in each counter-force loading plate is different, and the other ends of the bolts II are fixedly connected with the mounting holes in each counter-force loading plate respectively; when no load test is performed, the tension spring on each bolt is at an undeformed initial length.
2. The plane stress similarity model bias loading test device according to claim 1, wherein a reinforced steel plate is welded to the middle of the channel steel beam.
3. The plane stress similarity model bias loading test device according to claim 1, wherein the number of the mounting holes formed in each reaction force loading plate is 10, 8, 6, 4 or 0.
4. The plane stress similarity model bias loading test device according to claim 1, wherein the stiffness of each tensile spring is different.
5. The use method of the plane stress similarity model bias loading test device according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: manufacturing a model sample according to the mechanical properties of the surrounding rock body to be simulated, and fixing the reaction frame and the fixed bracket on a loading test bed after the model sample is maintained;
step two: according to the bias load required during the test and the adopted spring stiffness coefficient, the deformation of the spring is further determined, so that the counterforce applied by the deformation of the spring during the test can meet the requirement by adjusting the initial distance between the bolt I and the bolt II;
step three: placing a model sample on a bottom plate of a test bed, connecting a reaction frame with a reaction loading plate through a grading reaction device to form a grading reaction system, providing a bias load for the test, and simultaneously directly placing the reaction loading plate with 0 mounting hole on the upper part of the model sample;
step four: starting a test bed loading oil pump, wherein a test bed loading hydraulic support applies uniform load to each counter-force loading plate from top to bottom, each counter-force loading plate moves downwards to apply pressure to a model sample, so that the distance between a bolt I and a bolt II in a bolt group is increased, a tensile spring is stretched, the tensile spring applies reverse restoring force opposite to that of the hydraulic support to the counter-force loading plate connected with the tensile spring at the moment, and the counter-force loading plates with the most mounting holes are maximum and the counter-force loading plates with 0 mounting holes are minimum due to different numbers of the bolt groups connected to the counter-force loading plates; the pressure loading of each reaction force loading plate on the model sample is different, and finally, a bias load is formed on the top of the model sample.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112268783A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-01-26 | 山东科技大学 | Working face coal wall failure mode testing device and method |
Citations (1)
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| CN109211668A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-01-15 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of coal petrography assembly exploitation unloader test device and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109211668A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-01-15 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of coal petrography assembly exploitation unloader test device and method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 马超: "深部煤巷偏压失稳机理与锚注耦合控制研究", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库工程科技I辑》 * |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112268783A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-01-26 | 山东科技大学 | Working face coal wall failure mode testing device and method |
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