CN110987350A - Three-dimensional wind field inversion method for measuring wind flow of tunnel return air shaft - Google Patents
Three-dimensional wind field inversion method for measuring wind flow of tunnel return air shaft Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional wind field inversion method for measuring wind flow of a tunnel return air shaft, which combines ultrasonic velocity measurement and an atmospheric three-dimensional wind field inversion technology, sets a plurality of ultrasonic transmitting devices and receiving devices in a determined geometric relationship, and establishes an ultrasonic three-dimensional wind field inversion system; each ultrasonic wave transmitting device transmits an ultrasonic wave beam, the ultrasonic wave beam is scattered after meeting air flow in a roadway, a scattered signal is received by the ultrasonic wave receiving probe and is transmitted to the signal processing module, and the signal processing module processes the scattered signal to obtain the radial velocity of each wave beam; then synthesizing all radial velocity vectors into a three-dimensional wind field based on a least square method, and finally accurately realizing the wind speed measurement of the tunnel return air shaft according to the synthesized three-dimensional wind field; the invention adopts ultrasonic waves to measure the wind speed, avoids various electromagnetic interferences underground, and simultaneously adopts TDC technology for accurate timing and combines with atmospheric three-dimensional wind field inversion technology to ensure the accuracy and the real-time performance of the wind speed measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for measuring wind flow of a tunnel return air shaft, in particular to a three-dimensional wind field inversion method for measuring wind flow of the tunnel return air shaft.
Background
Mine ventilation is an important technology for guaranteeing safe production of mines. The effective ventilation of the tunnel can avoid major accidents such as gas explosion and the like, and a safe and good underground working environment is created. The unsmooth ventilation of the mine can directly lead to the life safety of miners, and the wind speed also influences the dilution of toxic and harmful gases and dust. The detection of the wind speed becomes an important problem in the safe production and management of the coal mine.
The ventilation system of large and medium mines is complex, the air volume of the return air shaft is large and the environment is severe. The traditional wind speed measurement adopts point wind speed or linear wind speed measurement, the roadway wind speed is calculated according to the average value of multipoint wind speed and linear wind speed, and because factors such as spatial position, temperature and environment can all influence the wind speed, the traditional measurement method reduces the reliability and stability of roadway wind speed monitoring data, and the condition of roadway wind flow cannot be accurately measured. Meanwhile, many mines adopt manual detection, so that large errors exist in the moving speed, observation and the like of personnel, and the accuracy and the real-time performance of wind speed measurement are greatly influenced. The mine has special environment and high wind speed, and dust, humidity and harmful gas of the mine cause harm to the health of people.
At present, the three-dimensional wind field technology of the atmosphere at home and abroad is relatively mature, the flow velocity and flow change conditions of the atmosphere on the ground can be obtained through three-dimensional inversion, but the wind field inversion technology cannot be directly applied to the measurement of the wind speed of a mine roadway. The reason is that the ground three-dimensional wind field mostly adopts Doppler radar, wind profile radar and the like due to the wide measurement range, and the radar adopts electromagnetic waves to measure the instantaneous speed of a moving object, but the position of a mine roadway is fixed, and a receiving and transmitting antenna, power grid voltage fluctuation and the like in the roadway all affect the mine roadway. Therefore, how to ensure the accuracy and real-time performance of wind speed measurement is the direction of research in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the three-dimensional wind field inversion method for measuring the wind flow of the tunnel return air shaft, which can apply the three-dimensional wind field inversion technology to the measurement of the tunnel wind flow and can not be interfered by electromagnetism, thereby effectively ensuring the accuracy and the real-time performance of the wind speed measurement.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a three-dimensional wind field inversion method for measuring wind flow of a tunnel return air shaft comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that (1) 5 ultrasonic transmitting devices are arranged on the ground at regular sections selected from a tunnel air return shaft, and are respectively 5, namely an ultrasonic transmitting device A, an ultrasonic transmitting device B, an ultrasonic transmitting device C, an ultrasonic transmitting device D and an ultrasonic transmitting device E; setting a circular track on the ground of the return air shaft by taking the ultrasonic transmitting device A as the center of a circle and taking the radius of the ultrasonic transmitting device A as R; the ultrasonic transmitting device B, the ultrasonic transmitting device C, the ultrasonic transmitting device D and the ultrasonic transmitting device E are arranged on a circular track, the ultrasonic transmitting device B is positioned right north of the ultrasonic transmitting device A, the ultrasonic transmitting device C is positioned right east of the ultrasonic transmitting device A, the ultrasonic transmitting device D is positioned right south of the ultrasonic transmitting device A, and the ultrasonic transmitting device E is positioned right west of the ultrasonic transmitting device A; an ultrasonic receiving probe is arranged at the top of the roadway right above the ultrasonic transmitting device A; the transmitting directions of the 5 ultrasonic transmitting devices face the ultrasonic receiving probe, so that an ultrasonic three-dimensional wind field inversion system is established;
step two: 5 ultrasonic wave emitter are 5 ultrasonic waves to tunnel top transmission, and each ultrasonic wave meets the backscatter signal that the air return shaft torrent produced after-meetting in-process is being transmitted to tunnel top, and this scatter signal is received by ultrasonic receiving probe and is transmitted for signal processing module, signal processingThe module processes the backscattering signal by adopting a TDC timer so as to obtain radial wind flow velocities V in the ultrasonic wave transmitting directions of an ultrasonic wave transmitting device B, an ultrasonic wave transmitting device C, an ultrasonic wave transmitting device D, an ultrasonic wave transmitting device E and an ultrasonic wave transmitting device AN、VE、VS、VWAnd VV;
Step three: establishing a three-dimensional Cartesian rectangular coordinate system according to the mutual geometric relation of all ultrasonic wave transmitting directions, and thus calculating an atmospheric three-dimensional wind field (u, v, w) in a mine tunnel, wherein u is the wind speed in the east-west direction, v is the wind speed in the north-south direction, and w is the wind speed perpendicular to u/v;
step four: the positions of the 5 ultrasonic wave transmitting devices and the geometric relation of all the ultrasonic wave transmitting directions are calculated to obtain the radial velocity V of the atmospheric turbulence targetrThe following relationship exists with the atmospheric three-dimensional wind field (u, v, w):
wherein:is the azimuth angle of the wave beam, theta is the included angle between the wave beam and the vertical direction;
step five: according to the relation formula obtained in the fourth step and the three-dimensional atmospheric wind field (u, V, w) obtained in the third step, the radial velocity V of the atmospheric turbulence target is obtainedr(ii) a The atmospheric turbulence of the return air shaft is monitored.
Further, the specific calculation process of the step four is as follows:
① radial wind velocity and beam azimuth for 5 ultrasonic wavesAnd the relation of the included angle theta between the ultrasonic direction and the vertical direction is determined as follows:
ultrasonic wave A: theta is 0 DEG and VV=w
②, deriving the relationship between the radial wind current velocity measured by each ultrasonic wave and each component of the roadway three-dimensional wind field (u, v, w) according to the geometric relationship, inverting the roadway return wind well wind field by adopting the wind field synthesis technology of the least square method, writing the 5 wave beam equations in the step ① into a matrix form, and obtaining a linear over-definite equation set:
③ for the system of linear overdetermined equations Ax ═ b, the solution x can be obtained*
x*=(ATA)-1ATb
(u,v,w)-1=(ATA)-1ATb;
obtaining the radial velocity V of the atmospheric turbulence target according to the least square solutionrThe following relationship exists with the atmospheric three-dimensional wind field (u, v, w):
further, the signal processing module comprises an amplifying unit, a filtering unit, a data processing unit and an FFT power spectrum acquiring unit; because the received scattered signal is weak, the signal processing module receives the scattered signal, performs pre-amplification through the amplification unit, performs filtering through the filtering unit and the FFT power spectrum acquisition unit, can eliminate high-frequency interference in the signal, performs signal conditioning after amplifying the filtered signal through the amplification unit again, and then performs calculation processing on the signal in the data processing unit.
Further, the TDC timer in the second step adopts an MS1030 high-precision measurement circuit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention combines ultrasonic velocity measurement and an atmospheric three-dimensional wind field inversion technology, sets a plurality of ultrasonic transmitting devices and ultrasonic receiving devices in a determined geometric relationship, and establishes an ultrasonic-based roadway air return shaft three-dimensional wind field inversion system; each ultrasonic wave transmitting device transmits an ultrasonic wave beam, the ultrasonic wave beam is scattered after meeting air flow in the tunnel to form scattered signals, each scattered signal is transmitted to the signal processing module after being received by the ultrasonic wave receiving probe on the top wall of the tunnel, and the radial velocity of each wave beam is obtained after the signal processing module processes the scattered signals; then synthesizing each radial velocity vector into a three-dimensional wind field based on a least square method, and finally accurately realizing the wind speed measurement of the tunnel return air shaft according to the synthesized three-dimensional wind field; the wind speed measurement is carried out by adopting ultrasonic waves, various underground electromagnetic interferences are avoided, and meanwhile, the TDC technology is adopted for accurate timing, so that the measurement precision is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the cost is effectively reduced; finally, accuracy and real-time performance of wind speed measurement are guaranteed by combining with an atmospheric three-dimensional wind field inversion technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic layout of the wind field inversion system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained below.
As shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that (the reason for selecting the regular section is to reduce the influence of the surface roughness of the tunnel return air shaft on an inversion wind field and ensure the reliability of data) a regular section is selected in the tunnel return air shaft, 5 ultrasonic transmitting devices are arranged on the ground at the regular section, and the labels of the 5 ultrasonic transmitting devices are an ultrasonic transmitting device A, an ultrasonic transmitting device B, an ultrasonic transmitting device C, an ultrasonic transmitting device D and an ultrasonic transmitting device E; setting a circular track on the ground of the return air shaft by taking the ultrasonic transmitting device A as the center of a circle and taking the radius of the ultrasonic transmitting device A as R; the ultrasonic transmitting device B, the ultrasonic transmitting device C, the ultrasonic transmitting device D and the ultrasonic transmitting device E are arranged on a circular track, the ultrasonic transmitting device B is positioned right north of the ultrasonic transmitting device A, the ultrasonic transmitting device C is positioned right east of the ultrasonic transmitting device A, the ultrasonic transmitting device D is positioned right south of the ultrasonic transmitting device A, and the ultrasonic transmitting device E is positioned right west of the ultrasonic transmitting device A; an ultrasonic receiving probe is arranged at the top of the roadway right above the ultrasonic transmitting device A; the transmitting directions of the 5 ultrasonic transmitting devices face the ultrasonic receiving probe, so that an ultrasonic three-dimensional wind field inversion system is established; because the ultrasonic wind speed measurement is greatly influenced by the positions and the directions of the ultrasonic transmitting device and the ultrasonic receiving probe, in order to improve the measurement precision, the ultrasonic receiving probe is over against the ultrasonic transmitting device A, and the connecting line of the ultrasonic transmitting device and the ultrasonic receiving probe is parallel to the z axis;
step two: 5 ultrasonic wave emitter are 5 ultrasonic waves to tunnel top transmission, and each ultrasonic wave meets the backscatter signal that produces behind the air return shaft torrent in to tunnel top transmission process, and this scatter signal is received by ultrasonic wave receiving probe and is given signal processing module for, and signal processing module adopts the TDC timer that MS1030 high accuracy measuring circuit formed to handle this backscatter signal to obtain ultrasonic waveThe radial wind flow velocity in the ultrasonic wave emission direction of the emission device B, the ultrasonic wave emission device C, the ultrasonic wave emission device D, the ultrasonic wave emission device E and the ultrasonic wave emission device A is V respectivelyN、VE、VS、VWAnd VV(ii) a The signal processing module comprises an amplifying unit, a filtering unit, a data processing unit and an FFT power spectrum acquiring unit; because the received scattered signal is weak, the signal processing module receives the scattered signal, performs pre-amplification through the amplification unit, performs filtering through the filtering unit and the FFT power spectrum acquisition unit, can eliminate high-frequency interference in the signal, performs signal conditioning after amplifying the filtered signal through the amplification unit again, and then performs calculation processing on the signal in the data processing unit.
Step three: establishing a three-dimensional Cartesian rectangular coordinate system according to the mutual geometric relation of all ultrasonic wave transmitting directions, and thus calculating an atmospheric three-dimensional wind field (u, v, w) in a mine tunnel, wherein u is the wind speed in the east-west direction, v is the wind speed in the north-south direction, and w is the wind speed perpendicular to u/v;
step four: the positions of the 5 ultrasonic wave transmitting devices and the geometric relation of all the ultrasonic wave transmitting directions are calculated to obtain the radial velocity V of the atmospheric turbulence targetrThe following relationship exists with the atmospheric three-dimensional wind field (u, v, w):
wherein:is the azimuth angle of the wave beam, theta is the included angle between the wave beam and the vertical direction; the specific calculation process is as follows:
① radial wind velocity and beam azimuth for 5 ultrasonic wavesAnd ultrasonic wavesThe angle θ between the direction and the vertical direction is determined as follows:
ultrasonic wave A: theta is 0 DEG and VV=w
②, deriving the relationship between the radial wind current velocity measured by each ultrasonic wave and each component of the roadway three-dimensional wind field (u, v, w) according to the geometric relationship, inverting the roadway return wind well wind field by adopting the wind field synthesis technology of the least square method, writing the 5 wave beam equations in the step ① into a matrix form, and obtaining a linear over-definite equation set:
③ for the system of linear overdetermined equations Ax ═ b, the solution x can be obtained*
x*=(ATA)-1ATb
(u,v,w)-1=(ATA)-1ATb;
obtaining the radial velocity V of the atmospheric turbulence target according to the least square solutionrThe following relationship exists with the atmospheric three-dimensional wind field (u, v, w):
step five: according to the relation formula obtained in the fourth step and the three-dimensional atmospheric wind field (u, V, w) obtained in the third step, the radial velocity V of the atmospheric turbulence target is obtainedr(ii) a The atmospheric turbulence of the return air shaft is monitored.
Claims (4)
1. A three-dimensional wind field inversion method for measuring wind flow of a tunnel return air shaft is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that (1) 5 ultrasonic transmitting devices are arranged on the ground at regular sections selected from a tunnel air return shaft, and are respectively 5, namely an ultrasonic transmitting device A, an ultrasonic transmitting device B, an ultrasonic transmitting device C, an ultrasonic transmitting device D and an ultrasonic transmitting device E; setting a circular track on the ground of the return air shaft by taking the ultrasonic transmitting device A as the center of a circle and taking the radius of the ultrasonic transmitting device A as R; the ultrasonic transmitting device B, the ultrasonic transmitting device C, the ultrasonic transmitting device D and the ultrasonic transmitting device E are arranged on a circular track, the ultrasonic transmitting device B is positioned right north of the ultrasonic transmitting device A, the ultrasonic transmitting device C is positioned right east of the ultrasonic transmitting device A, the ultrasonic transmitting device D is positioned right south of the ultrasonic transmitting device A, and the ultrasonic transmitting device E is positioned right west of the ultrasonic transmitting device A; an ultrasonic receiving probe is arranged at the top of the roadway right above the ultrasonic transmitting device A; the transmitting directions of the 5 ultrasonic transmitting devices face the ultrasonic receiving probe, so that an ultrasonic three-dimensional wind field inversion system is established;
step two: 5 ultrasonic emission device is to 5 ultrasonic waves of tunnel top transmission, and each ultrasonic wave meets the backscatter signal that produces behind the return air shaft torrent in to tunnel top transmission in-process, thisThe scattered signals are received by the ultrasonic receiving probe and transmitted to the signal processing module, the signal processing module processes the back scattered signals by adopting a TDC timer, and therefore radial wind flow velocities in the ultrasonic transmitting directions of the ultrasonic transmitting device B, the ultrasonic transmitting device C, the ultrasonic transmitting device D, the ultrasonic transmitting device E and the ultrasonic transmitting device A are respectively VN、VE、VS、VWAnd VV;
Step three: establishing a three-dimensional Cartesian rectangular coordinate system according to the mutual geometric relation of all ultrasonic wave transmitting directions, and thus calculating an atmospheric three-dimensional wind field (u, v, w) in a mine tunnel, wherein u is the wind speed in the east-west direction, v is the wind speed in the north-south direction, and w is the wind speed perpendicular to u/v;
step four: the positions of the 5 ultrasonic wave transmitting devices and the geometric relation of all the ultrasonic wave transmitting directions are calculated to obtain the radial velocity V of the atmospheric turbulence targetrThe following relationship exists with the atmospheric three-dimensional wind field (u, v, w):
wherein:is the azimuth angle of the wave beam, theta is the included angle between the wave beam and the vertical direction;
step five: according to the relation formula obtained in the fourth step and the three-dimensional atmospheric wind field (u, V, w) obtained in the third step, the radial velocity V of the atmospheric turbulence target is obtainedr(ii) a The atmospheric turbulence of the return air shaft is monitored.
2. The three-dimensional wind field inversion method for measuring the wind flow of the roadway return air shaft according to claim 1, wherein the specific calculation process of the step four is as follows:
① radial wind velocity for 5 ultrasonic wavesSum beam azimuthAnd the relation of the included angle theta between the ultrasonic direction and the vertical direction is determined as follows:
ultrasonic wave A: theta is 0 DEG and VV=w
②, deriving the relationship between the radial wind current velocity measured by each ultrasonic wave and each component of the roadway three-dimensional wind field (u, v, w) according to the geometric relationship, inverting the roadway return wind well wind field by adopting the wind field synthesis technology of the least square method, writing the 5 wave beam equations in the step ① into a matrix form, and obtaining a linear over-definite equation set:
③ for the system of linear overdetermined equations Ax ═ b, the solution x can be obtained*
x*=(ATA)-1ATb
(u,v,w)-1=(ATA)-1ATb;
3. the three-dimensional wind field inversion method for measuring the wind flow of the roadway return air shaft according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing module comprises an amplifying unit, a filtering unit, a data processing unit and an FFT power spectrum obtaining unit; after receiving the scattering signal, the signal processing module performs pre-amplification through the amplification unit, then performs filtering through the filtering unit and the FFT power spectrum acquisition unit, and then amplifies the filtered signal through the amplification unit again and then enters the data processing unit for calculation processing.
4. The three-dimensional wind field inversion method for measuring the wind flow of the roadway return air shaft according to claim 1, wherein the TDC timer in the second step adopts an MS1030 high-precision measurement circuit.
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JPH09257818A (en) * | 1996-03-25 | 1997-10-03 | Kaijo Corp | Ultrasonic anemometer |
CN106940384A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-07-11 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | A kind of mining ultrasonic aerovane and its wind detection method |
CN108169511A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-06-15 | 吉林大学 | Three dimensions carrys out the wind velocity measurement system and method for wind |
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