CN110985275B

CN110985275B - Wave generator capable of acting in one-way through buoyancy

Info

Publication number: CN110985275B
Application number: CN201910946142.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曲言明
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-10-03
Filing date: 2019-10-02
Publication date: 2023-08-08
Anticipated expiration: 2039-10-02
Also published as: WO2020069669A1; CN110985275A

Abstract

The invention name is as follows: a buoyancy unidirectional acting wave generator. The invention relates to a buoyancy unidirectional acting wave generator, which comprises a wave energy collecting and converting system, wherein the wave energy collecting and converting system comprises a sea surface assembly, an energy collecting rope and an underwater relative movement reference object, the sea surface assembly comprises a floating body, a component moving relative to the floating body, a hydraulic system and a generator, the hydraulic system is divided into closed circulation and open circulation, a singlechip/PLC receives signals from a second sensor for monitoring the working state/the wave surface state of the sea surface assembly, and the pretension system is controlled so as to improve the wave height utilization rate.

Description

Wave generator capable of acting in one-way through buoyancy

Technical Field

The disclosure relates to a wave generator, and belongs to the field of wave power generation.

Background

CN 107255060A, CN103104408A is the closest prior art to the present invention, but has the problem of wave height utilization loss.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a buoyancy unidirectional acting wave generator which can pre-tighten an energy collecting rope relative to the prior art. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a wave generator capable of performing work in one direction through buoyancy comprises a wave energy collection and conversion system (WECS for short), wherein the wave energy collection and conversion system comprises a sea surface assembly, a energy collection cable and a relative motion reference object under water;

The sea surface assembly means: the most basic part (excluding a rope control device) of the wave energy collection and conversion system, which is close to the water surface and used for collecting and converting wave energy into electric energy, comprises a floating body, a component moving relative to the floating body, a hydraulic system and a generator; sea surface components are divided into a single-floating-body spring reset type (A and B) and a single-floating-body differential pressure reset type (A and B) and a double-floating-body gravity reset type (A and B);

definition of the energy recovery cable: an elongated flexible transmission tension element (such as a rope/chain/O-shaped transmission belt, preferably an ultra-high molecular polyethylene rope) for connecting the 'relative floating body moving component' and the underwater relative movement reference object, wherein the elongated flexible transmission tension element is used for bearing pulse tension and is a key force transmission component for collecting wave energy; in addition, if the rope control device is arranged, the energy collecting rope is a part of the rope control device, and the component moving relative to the floating body is indirectly connected with a relative movement reference object under water through the energy collecting rope of the rope control device.

The relative motion of the underwater reference: refers to a solid body that provides a reference for relative movement of the float body, such as a hanging anchor (a gravity anchor suspended in water) or a gravity anchor on the seabed, or a friction pile/suction anchor inserted on the seabed.

Means for moving relative to the float: the device and the floating body form a pair of mechanisms for relative movement, wave buoyancy force acts on the floating body upwards, and energy collection cable pulling force acts on the component downwards so as to drive a hydraulic cylinder of a hydraulic system for connecting the two components to output high-pressure hydraulic oil. The hydraulic system is divided into closed circulation and open circulation, and the closed circulation route is as follows: the hydraulic cylinder, the quasi-outlet check valve, the high-pressure accumulator, the hydraulic motor, the low-pressure accumulator and the admission check valve; the open circulation route is as follows: hydraulic cylinder, accurate check valve, high pressure accumulator, hydraulic motor, oil tank, accurate check valve of going into: the hydraulic motor drives the generator to generate electricity.

See CN 107255060a for details regarding several published WECS sea surface assembly technologies. In the specific embodiments herein, representative examples of several types of surface elements are also presented.

The new WECS sea assembly belongs to a single-floating-body differential pressure reset type B, and has a scheme VIII: the sea surface assembly comprises the following specific structures: a floating body, the structure can be understood as: a closed shell, the center of which penetrates through a vertical straight pipe, and then removing the shell part in the straight pipe to form a fully closed shell with a through hole at the center; the vertical edge of the inverted L-shaped rigid frame is a square tube or a long straight rod with a rectangular cross section, the vertical edge passes through four roller cable guides which are arranged in the through hole and are arranged at a certain distance from top to bottom, the four side surfaces of the vertical edge are respectively clung to four rollers of the four roller cable guides one by one, and the two four roller cable guides can also be replaced by two guide rails which guide the inverted L-shaped rigid frame to move up and down; the horizontal edge of the inverted L-shaped rigid frame is above the floating body, the horizontal edge is connected with a plunger rod handle of a vertical/inclined (preferably inclined in the plane of the inverted L-shaped rigid frame), the tail end of a cylinder body of the plunger cylinder is connected with the top surface of the closed shell, and the plunger cylinder can be connected reversely, namely: the tail end of a plunger cylinder body is connected with the transverse edge of the inverted L-shaped rigid frame, and a plunger rod handle is connected with the top surface of the closed shell of the floating body; said connection of said plunger cylinder to other components is a solid/lug/hinge/earring fashion (solid is not applicable if the plunger cylinder is tilted); the bottom end of the inverted L-shaped rigid frame is connected with one end of the energy acquisition rope, and the other end of the energy acquisition rope is connected with the underwater relative movement reference object; or the bottom end of the inverted L-shaped rigid frame is connected with the top end of the rope control mechanism, the bottom end of the energy collecting rope of the rope control mechanism is connected with the underwater relative movement reference object, and the inverted L-shaped rigid frame is fixedly connected with the top end of the rope control mechanism in a movable connection mode (preferably flexible/universal connection, such as cross universal connection).

The hydraulic system is in closed circulation, and the circulation route comprises a plunger cylinder cavity, a quasi-outlet one-way valve (corresponding to the plunger cylinder), a high-pressure energy accumulator, a hydraulic motor, a low-pressure energy accumulator and an admission one-way valve (corresponding to the plunger cylinder), wherein the hydraulic motor drives a generator to generate electricity; preferably: the hydraulic pipe that the oil inlet and outlet (non-draining place) of plunger jar connects is bored from the body top cap, and the sealed processing is about to be done to the brill department, and is preferred: the generator and the hydraulic system except the plunger cylinder are arranged in the cavity of the floating body;

the lower of the two guides/rails may also be mounted at the bottom in an upright cylinder. The method comprises the following steps: adding a vertical straight cylinder, wherein the top end of the straight cylinder is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the floating body, the axis of the straight cylinder is coincident with the axis of the through hole, and the inner diameter of the straight cylinder is larger than the through hole, or the inner diameter of the straight cylinder is smaller than the through hole but the top end of the straight cylinder is fixedly connected with a flange, and the straight cylinder is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the floating body through the flange; the lower of the two guides/rails is mounted to the bottom of the straight barrel, while the upper guide/rail is mounted to the upper portion of the floating body through-hole, as set forth above in scheme VIII.

For scheme VIII, preferred is scheme VIII-1: in the closed hydraulic system, an oil filter is connected in series, and the oil filter is positioned between the admission check valve and the low-pressure energy accumulator; for scheme VIII, preferred is scheme VIII-2: the generator is a brushless permanent magnet alternating current or direct current generator;

For scheme VIII, preferred is scheme VIII-3: the motor is an axial plunger motor with end face flow distribution

For scheme VIII, preferred is scheme VIII-4: the plunger cylinder body is arranged below and the plunger rod is arranged upwards, a cover is added to the top end of the plunger cylinder body, a sealing cavity for collecting oil drainage at the head of the plunger rod is formed between the cover and the top surface of the plunger cylinder body, the plunger rod penetrates out of a sealing ring at a hole at the top surface of the cavity, an oil drainage pipe is led out of the sealing cavity and then extends downwards, the oil drainage pipe is drilled into the cavity from the top cover of the floating body, the drilling part is subjected to sealing treatment without damaging the full sealing property of the floating body, and finally the oil drainage pipe enters an oil tank; preferably: the drain line of the hydraulic motor also extends into the oil tank;

for scheme VIII-4, preferred is scheme VIII-4-1: an electric oil compensating pump extracts hydraulic oil from the oil tank and injects the hydraulic oil into the closed-cycle hydraulic system. Further preferred is: the electric oil supplementing pump adopts a cycloid pump driven by a motor. Further preferred is: the injection location is immediately adjacent to the line of the low pressure accumulator.

For scheme VIII-4-1, it is preferred that: and a singlechip module and an auxiliary power supply circuit are added, and the singlechip controls the start and stop of the electric oil supplementing pump according to data sent by a liquid level sensor of the oil tank or a hydraulic sensor of a closed-cycle hydraulic system.

For scheme VIII, preferred is scheme VIII-5: the structure of the floating body is as follows: a cylinder shape with a through hole on the axis and a totally-enclosed shell; further preferably, the floating body is made of steel/high-density polyethylene/polyurethane/glass fiber reinforced plastic.

For scheme VIII, preferred is scheme VIII-6: the plunger rod is sleeved with a protective cover (preferably made of soft rubber), one end of the protective cover is in butt joint sealing with the plunger rod handle, and the other end of the protective cover is in butt joint sealing with the outer side of the plunger cylinder body;

for scheme VIII, preferred is scheme VIII-7: the inverted L rigid frame and the straight cylinder are rigid members and made of steel/aluminum alloy, such as carbon steel (e.g. Q235) or stainless steel (e.g. 316);

for scheme VIII, preferred is scheme VIII-8: the straight cylinder is in a circular tube shape, and the straight cylinder is fixedly connected with the floating body in a welding/flange type connection.

For scheme VIII, there are preferred schemes VIII-9: preferably: the cable of the rope control device starts from the cavity of the floating body, drills out upwards from the top surface of the floating body, then changes into a spiral shape to extend upwards, finally drills into a horizontal steel pipe, the steel pipe is welded with the side surface of the vertical side of the inverted L-shaped rigid frame, the two pipe cavities are communicated, and the cable extends horizontally along the steel pipe, enters the square pipe of the vertical side of the inverted L-shaped rigid frame and then extends downwards; if the connection between the inverted L rigid frame and the top surface of the rope control mechanism is movable connection, the cable is drilled out from the side surface of the bottom end of the inverted L rigid frame and finally enters the shell of the rope control rack; if the inverted L rigid frame is fixedly connected with the rope control mechanism shell, the cable can directly enter the rope control machine shell from an outlet at the bottom end of the inverted L rigid frame, but the inlet is sealed; or, the transverse edge of the inverted L-shaped rigid frame is a steel pipe, the horizontal steel pipe is replaced by the inverted L-shaped rigid frame, and the cable enters from the transverse edge instead.

Various sea surface components can pre-tighten the energy recovery cable in advance and improve the wave height utilization rate through the change of a hydraulic system (namely, the following pre-tightening scheme is adopted, and a pre-tightening system is added), and the two main types are respectively an external energy accumulator pre-tightening scheme and a high-pressure side backflow pre-tightening scheme.

Externally-added accumulator pretightening scheme I: the wave generator comprises a wave energy collecting and converting system, wherein the wave energy collecting and converting system comprises a sea surface assembly, an energy collecting rope and an underwater relative motion reference object, and the sea surface assembly is a single-floating-body spring reset type/single-floating-body differential pressure reset type/double-floating-body gravity reset type, and comprises a floating body, a member moving relative to the floating body, a hydraulic system and a generator; the hydraulic system is divided into a closed circulation route and an open circulation route: the hydraulic cylinder, the quasi-outlet check valve, the high-pressure accumulator, the hydraulic motor, the low-pressure accumulator and the admission check valve; open circulation route: the hydraulic cylinder, the quasi-outlet check valve, the high-pressure accumulator, the hydraulic motor, the oil tank and the quasi-inlet check valve; the method is characterized in that: the device also comprises a pre-tightening system, and the hardware part of the pre-tightening system is specifically as follows: a new hydraulic branch is led out from a hydraulic pipeline (for example, a pipeline between the hydraulic cylinder and the quasi-outlet check valve) at an oil inlet and an oil outlet of the hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic system, and the new hydraulic branch passes through an electromagnetic switch valve/an electric switch valve, and is connected with a third energy accumulator at the end point; the singlechip/PLC controls the switching action of the electromagnetic switch valve/electric switch valve according to the signal from the second sensor for monitoring the working state of the sea surface assembly/the wave surface state of the sea surface assembly (for scheme I and scheme III, the singlechip/PLC has the following operation that when the singlechip/PLC judges that the floating body is at the trough after the falling end through the second sensor, the singlechip/PLC opens the electromagnetic switch valve/electric switch valve for a period of time so that hydraulic oil of the third energy accumulator can flow to the hydraulic cylinder and then is closed, and when judging that the floating body is at the peak after the rising end, the singlechip/PLC opens the electromagnetic switch valve/electric switch valve for a period of time so that hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder can flow to the third energy accumulator and then is closed).

The electromagnetic switch valve can also be replaced by a reversing branch, and specifically comprises: a new hydraulic branch is led out from a hydraulic pipeline at an oil inlet and an oil outlet of a hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic system, and the new hydraulic branch passes through a reversing branch and is connected with a third energy accumulator at the end point; the reversing branch circuit specifically comprises: an electromagnetic two-position four-way valve has the working state that: p > A, B > T or P > B, A > T, then adding a branch comprising a third one-way valve to connect the B, A port to form a branch comprising a B > third one-way valve > A, and then replacing the P, T port of the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve to the connection part of the electromagnetic switch valve; the singlechip/PLC controls the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve according to the signal received from the second sensor for monitoring the working state/wave surface state of the sea surface assembly (for scheme I and scheme III and scheme V, the algorithm of the singlechip/PLC is that when the singlechip/PLC judges that the floating body is at the trough after the falling end through the second sensor, the singlechip/PLC enables the unidirectional conduction direction of the reversing branch to be reversed through switching the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve in the reversing branch to change into a state of flowing from the third energy accumulator to the hydraulic cylinder, and when judging that the floating body is at the crest after the rising end, the singlechip/PLC enables the unidirectional conduction direction of the reversing branch to be reversed through switching the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve in the reversing branch to change into a state of flowing from the hydraulic cylinder to the third energy accumulator).

For scheme I, preferred is scheme I-1: the electromagnetic switch valve is direct-acting/step-by-step direct-acting/pilot type;

for scheme I, preferred is scheme I-2: the third energy accumulator/high-pressure energy accumulator/low-pressure energy accumulator is an air bag type/piston type/diaphragm type/spring type. For scheme I, preferred is scheme I-3: the underwater relative motion reference is a hanging anchor or a gravity anchor/friction pile/suction anchor on the seabed.

High pressure side back flow pre-tightening scheme II: the utility model provides a wave generator of one-way acting of buoyancy, includes wave energy collection conversion system, this wave energy collection conversion system includes sea subassembly, energy collection cable, relative motion reference thing under water, sea subassembly is single body spring reset/single body differential pressure reset/two body gravity reset, including body, relative body motion's component, hydraulic system and generator, hydraulic system divide into closed circulation/open circulation, and closed circulation route is: the hydraulic cylinder, the quasi-outlet check valve, the high-pressure accumulator, the hydraulic motor, the low-pressure accumulator and the admission check valve; the open circulation route is as follows: the hydraulic cylinder, the quasi-outlet check valve, the high-pressure accumulator, the hydraulic motor, the oil tank and the quasi-inlet check valve; the method is characterized in that: the device also comprises a pre-tightening system, and the hardware part of the pre-tightening system is specifically as follows: a new hydraulic branch, namely a parallel branch, is connected in parallel beside the quasi-outlet one-way valve of the hydraulic system, the front end and the rear end of the parallel branch are respectively connected with the hydraulic pipelines where the two ends of the quasi-outlet one-way valve are positioned, and an electromagnetic switch valve/an electric switch valve is arranged on the parallel branch; the singlechip/PLC controls the switching action of the electromagnetic switch valve/the electric switch valve according to the signal received from the second sensor for monitoring the working state/the wave surface state of the sea surface assembly, and the electromagnetic switch valve can be replaced by a reversing branch, specifically: a new hydraulic branch, namely a parallel branch, is connected in parallel beside the quasi-outlet one-way valve of the hydraulic system, the front end and the rear end of the parallel branch are respectively connected with the hydraulic pipelines where the two ends of the quasi-outlet one-way valve are positioned, and a reversing branch is arranged on the parallel branch; the reversing branch circuit specifically comprises: an electromagnetic two-position four-way valve has the working state that: p > A, B > T or P > B, A > T, then adding a branch comprising a third one-way valve to connect the B, A port to form a branch comprising a B > third one-way valve > A, and then replacing the P, T port of the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve to the connection part of the electromagnetic switch valve; the singlechip/PLC controls the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve according to signals received from a second sensor for monitoring the working state/wave surface state of the sea surface assembly; the electromagnetic switch valve/the electric switch valve/the reversing branch is taken as a demarcation point, a section of a near hydraulic cylinder of the parallel branch is defined as a first half section, and a section of a near high-pressure energy accumulator is defined as a second half section (in the algorithm of the singlechip/the PLC, the following operation is that 1) for a pretension system comprising the electromagnetic switch valve/the electric switch valve, when the singlechip/the PLC judges that a floating body is in a trough after the falling end through a second sensor, the singlechip/the PLC opens the electromagnetic switch valve/the electric switch valve which is originally in a closed state, so that hydraulic oil can flow back to the hydraulic cylinder from the high-pressure energy accumulator; after a period of time, the singlechip/PLC closes the electromagnetic switch valve/the electric switch valve; 2) For a pretensioning system with a commutation arm, then: when the singlechip/PLC judges that the floating body is in the trough after the falling is finished through the second sensor, the singlechip/PLC reverses the unidirectional conduction direction of the reversing branch through switching control of the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve in the reversing branch, and changes the unidirectional conduction direction into a direction from the high-pressure energy accumulator to the hydraulic cylinder; and then after the state is continued for a period of time, or when the singlechip/PLC judges that the floating body is at a peak after the rising is finished through the second sensor, the singlechip/PLC makes the unidirectional conduction direction of the reversing branch reverse through switching control of the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve in the reversing branch, and the unidirectional conduction direction of the reversing branch is changed into a state of flowing from the hydraulic cylinder to the high-pressure energy accumulator.

For scheme II, preferred is scheme II-1: the electromagnetic switch valve is a direct-acting/step-by-step direct-acting/pilot switch valve.

For scheme II, preferred is scheme II-2: the underwater relative motion reference is a hanging anchor or a gravity anchor/friction pile/suction anchor on the seabed. For scheme II, preferred is scheme II-3: the high-pressure accumulator/low-pressure accumulator is an air bag type/piston type/diaphragm type/spring type.

Scheme I, scheme II can be applied to several of the sea surface assemblies mentioned earlier.

For external accumulator pretension scheme I: preferred are scheme III: inserting (by "inserting" is meant an in-line connection with other hydraulic components on the hydraulic line) a swinging cylinder/pump & motor (which can be both a pump and a motor) on a new hydraulic branch before or after the electromagnetic switch valve/electric switch valve/reversing branch, the shaft of which is connected to a flywheel shaft (by shaft connection is meant that the main shafts of the two are coaxial), or the shaft of which is linked to the flywheel through a belt/gear/chain transmission mechanism;

for scheme III, preferred is scheme III-1: the rotating speed sensor is added, and the singlechip/PLC performs closing control on the electromagnetic switch valve/the electric switch valve according to the rotating speed condition of the flywheel monitored by the rotating speed sensor; or a flow direction sensor/flow sensor/hydraulic pressure sensor of hydraulic oil is arranged on the new hydraulic branch, and the singlechip/PLC monitors the change condition of the flow direction/flow of the hydraulic oil according to the flow direction/flow sensor or performs closing control on the electromagnetic switch valve/electric switch valve according to the hydraulic pressure change condition monitored by the hydraulic pressure sensor;

For scheme III, preferred is scheme III-2: the swing cylinder is vane type/gear rack type/spiral type/lever type;

for scheme III, preferred is scheme III-3: the belt/gear/chain drive is to accelerate the flywheel.

For scheme III, preferred is scheme III-4: the pump and motor are axial plunger pumps adopting end face flow distribution or radial plunger motors adopting shaft flow distribution.

For the high-pressure side backflow type pretightening scheme II, there is preferably scheme IV: a swinging cylinder/pump/motor is inserted into the front half section or the rear half section of the parallel branch, the shaft of the swinging cylinder/pump/motor is connected with a flywheel shaft, or the shaft of the swinging cylinder/pump/motor is linked with the flywheel through a belt/gear/chain type transmission mechanism;

for scheme IV, preferred is scheme IV-1: the swing cylinder is vane type/gear rack type/spiral type/lever type;

for scheme IV, preferred is scheme IV-2: the belt/gear/chain transmission mechanism accelerates the flywheel;

for scheme IV, preferred is scheme IV-3: the insertion position of the swing cylinder/pump & motor is positioned at the first half section of the parallel branch, a follow current branch is led out from a hydraulic pipeline between the electromagnetic switch valve/electric switch valve/reversing branch and the swing cylinder/pump & motor, and the follow current branch is connected with a low-pressure accumulator/oil tank of the hydraulic system through a check valve, and the hydraulic system is a low-pressure accumulator if the hydraulic system is in closed circulation and an oil tank if the hydraulic system is in open circulation; the conduction direction of the check valve is from the low-pressure accumulator/oil tank to the position between the electromagnetic switch valve/electric switch valve/reversing branch and the swing cylinder/pump & motor;

For scheme IV, preferred is scheme IV-4: and a return spring is arranged on the swing cylinder, and the return force of the return spring enables the hydraulic oil on the swing cylinder to flow from one end close to the hydraulic cylinder to one end close to the electromagnetic switch valve/electric switch valve/reversing branch.

For scheme IV, preferred is IV-4: the pump and motor are axial plunger pumps adopting end face flow distribution or radial plunger motors adopting shaft flow distribution;

for scheme I, there is preferred scheme V: inserting a pressurizing cylinder on the new hydraulic branch;

for scheme V, preferred is scheme V-1: and a swinging cylinder/pump & motor is inserted on the new hydraulic branch, the shaft of the swinging cylinder/pump & motor is connected with a flywheel shaft, or the shaft of the swinging cylinder/pump & motor is linked with the flywheel through a belt/gear/chain type transmission mechanism. For scheme II, there is preferred scheme VI: a pressurizing cylinder is inserted into the parallel branch (in the algorithm of the single-chip microcomputer/PLC, when the single-chip microcomputer/PLC judges that the floating body is in the trough after the falling end through the second sensor, the single-chip microcomputer/PLC opens the electromagnetic switch valve/electric switch valve, when the single-chip microcomputer/PLC judges that the floating body is in the rising stage through the second sensor, the electromagnetic switch valve/electric switch valve is immediately closed, when the single-chip microcomputer/PLC judges that the floating body is in the peak after the rising end through the second sensor, the single-chip microcomputer/PLC opens the electromagnetic switch valve, then when the single-chip microcomputer/PLC judges that the floating body is in the falling stage through the second sensor, the single-chip microcomputer/PLC closes the electromagnetic switch valve, and when the single-chip microcomputer/PLC judges that the floating body is in the trough after the falling end through the second sensor, the single-chip microcomputer/PLC reverses the direction, the single-chip microcomputer/PLC changes to the direction from the high-pressure through the four-way switch valve to the four-way switch, and the hydraulic direction of the single-way switch cylinder is switched to the high-way switch through the reversing cylinder when the single-chip microcomputer/PLC is switched to the high-way switch the reversing cylinder;

For scheme VI, preferred is scheme VI-1: the effective working area of the side, close to the hydraulic cylinder, of the pressurizing cylinder is larger than that of the side, close to the high-pressure energy accumulator, of the pressurizing cylinder;

for scheme VI-1, preferred is scheme VI-2: and a swinging cylinder/pump and motor is inserted in the parallel branch, the shaft of the swinging cylinder/pump and motor is connected with a flywheel shaft, or the shaft of the swinging cylinder/pump and motor is linked with the flywheel through a belt/gear/chain type transmission mechanism.

For scheme VI-2, it is further preferred that: and a rotating speed sensor for monitoring the flywheel is additionally arranged, or a flow direction/flow sensor is inserted into the parallel branch, or a hydraulic sensor is inserted between the hydraulic cylinder and the swinging cylinder/pump and motor, and the singlechip/PLC performs closing control on the electromagnetic switch valve/the electric switch valve/the reversing branch according to the rotating speed/the flow direction/the hydraulic sensor.

For schemes I or II, there are preferred scheme VII: the second sensor has the following components:

1) Distance measuring sensor: the device is arranged on the floating body, and the distance change between a member linked with the energy acquisition rope and the top surface of the floating body is monitored; preferably: the sensor is arranged on the top surface of the floating body, and the monitored component is positioned above the top surface of the floating body; preferably: the distance measuring sensor is of a laser type/ultrasonic type/infrared type;

2) A linear displacement sensor: the vertical device comprises two parts capable of moving relatively linearly, wherein one part is connected to the floating body, and the other part is connected to a member linked with the energy collecting rope; preferably: the one component is connected to the top surface of the floating body, and the member connected by the other component is positioned above the top surface of the floating body; preferably: the linear displacement sensor is of a pull rope type/pull rod type;

3) Linear velocity sensor: the vertical device comprises two parts capable of moving relatively linearly, wherein one part is connected to the floating body, and the other part is connected to a member linked with the energy collecting rope; preferably: the first component is connected with the top surface of the floating body, and the component connected with the second component is positioned above the top surface of the floating body;

4) Acceleration sensor: the device is arranged in the floating body cavity and used for measuring the movement acceleration of the floating body;

5) Draft sensor: the water pressure sensor is arranged on the outer bottom surface of the floating body shell and used for monitoring the draft of the floating body;

6) Tension sensor: the serial connection (a tension sensor replaces a certain section of the energy collecting rope or forms a serial connection relation with the energy collecting rope) is connected to the energy collecting rope so as to monitor the tension of the energy collecting rope;

7) A hydraulic sensor: the hydraulic pipeline is arranged near the oil inlet and the oil outlet of the hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic pressure at the oil inlet and the oil outlet is monitored;

8) Flow sensor: the hydraulic pipeline is arranged near the oil inlet and outlet of the hydraulic cylinder, and the flow rate at the oil inlet and outlet is monitored;

for scheme VII, there is preferred scheme VII-1: the singlechip/PLC receives additional wave condition data/manually set parameters from the outside through the wireless communication module.

Derivatives of the hanging anchor technology are also described herein, and reference is made to patent application CN107255060a for the hanging anchor technology, and in the detailed description of the present invention, the hanging anchor is also described.

For the hanging anchor scheme, preferred is scheme IX-1: the bottom of the suspended gravity anchor is fixedly connected with a horizontally placed damping plate, and the gravity anchor is positioned above the center of the damping plate;

for the hanging anchor scheme, preferred is scheme IX-2: the middle section of the cable suspending the gravity anchor is replaced by a tension spring. Further preferred is: if the hanging anchors are direct-connection hanging anchors, tension springs are connected in series on the hanging cables at the two sides.

For the hanging anchor scheme, preferred is scheme IX-3: the buoy suspending the gravity anchor is of an elongated capsule shape, the axis is vertical, and the connection point of the buoy suspending the gravity anchor and the suspension cable is positioned at the center of the bottom end of the capsule-shaped buoy.

For scheme IX-1, preferred is scheme IX-1-1: MCU/PLC can receive manual command, and the motor of damping board carries out forward, reverse, stop control to control the expansion or the packing up of damping board, the structural style of damping board is four kinds:

electric flat-open damping plate: just replacing the glass plate with a steel plate as the structure of the electric flat-open window on the market;

electric push-pull damping plate: just replacing a glass plate with a steel plate as in the structure of a power sliding door or a power window on an automobile on the market; electric folding damping plate: the solar cell panel comprises a folding steel plate and a driving motor, and is the same as a folding solar cell panel on a satellite, and the material of the cell panel is replaced by the steel plate; electric shutter type damping plate: the air conditioner comprises a shutter and a driving motor, and is the same as the structure of the wall-mounted household air conditioner for adjusting the air outlet direction, and only the shutter is selected as a steel plate material.

The above electric damping plate should be symmetrical in front and rear and left and right sides of the gravity anchor to maintain the force balance.

For the hanging anchor scheme, preferred is scheme X-1: the gravity anchor of the wave power generator is suspended by the buoys at two sides through cables, the buoys of the wave power generator are connected with the buoys through ropes, cables led out by the generator of the wave energy collection and conversion system extend along the ropes after drilling the buoys, and one part of the cables is spirally wound on the ropes, or the other part of the cables adopts spiral cables, and the spiral cables are sleeved on the ropes.

For the hanging anchor scheme, preferred is scheme X-2: the gravity anchors of the wave power generator are suspended by the buoys at two sides through cables, the buoys of the wave power generator are connected with the buoys through ropes, cables led out by the wave power generator extend along the ropes after drilling the buoys, and a rotary/universal joint/spherical hinge type power connector is arranged in the process; the method comprises the following steps: the cable is connected to one terminal of a swivel/gimbal/ball-and-socket power connector at the just drilled float or at the weight attached to the middle of the rope, the other terminal of the swivel/gimbal/ball-and-socket power connector being connected to one end of another cable. The rotary power connector/universal joint/spherical hinge type power connector is arranged on the rope on the floating body/on the weight/at the weight tying point. It is further preferred that the swivel/gimbal/ball-and-socket power connectors are waterproof. Regarding the cross universal joint coupling/ball joint power connector: the material is a conductor (such as copper/aluminum), the insulating skin is wrapped, and only two ends of the insulating skin are exposed to serve as terminals for connecting wires;

for the hanging anchor scheme, preferred is scheme X-3: a plurality of wave generators which are connected in series through ropes and adopt hanging anchors form an annular array; the generators of the wave generators are all direct current generators/alternating current generators with rectified output, wherein two cables led out from the positive electrode and the negative electrode of one of the generators are drilled out of a floating body, the left side and the right side (the positive electrode is left and the negative electrode is right) of each of the two cables extend along a rope (the rope between the floating body and the floating body), the positive electrode cable of the left side is connected with the negative electrode cable of the left side adjacent wave generator, the right side negative electrode cable is connected with the positive electrode cable of the right side adjacent wave generator, the three wave generators are connected in series, and the generators of the other wave generators are connected in series through the cables except for power connection between the generators of one pair of adjacent wave generators on the whole ring, so that an open-loop power loop is formed. The advantages are that: the single-shaft cable can be adopted, the cost is low, the open-circuit voltage of the loop is equal to the sum of the output voltages of all the generators, and the energy collection is also simple. Schemes X-1, X-2, X-3 may be used simultaneously.

The invention has the following advantages:

1) The inverted L-shaped WECS wave energy collection and conversion assembly is simple in structure, easy to assemble and disassemble and convenient to maintain, and the inverted L-shaped rigid frame and the top end of the rope control mechanism are connected in a flexible/universal joint mode, so that abrasion of a energy collection rope can be reduced.

2) The external energy accumulator type pre-tightening scheme and the high-pressure side backflow type pre-tightening scheme enable the energy collecting rope to be pre-tightened actively when the trough is formed, so that the draft of the floating body is increased, and the wave height utilization rate is improved. And for the external energy accumulator type pre-tightening scheme and the partial high-pressure side backflow pre-tightening scheme, the floating body can apply work by utilizing residual net buoyancy when in wave crest, so that the wave energy utilization efficiency is further improved.

3) The additional design of the suspension anchor technology, such as a capsule-shaped buoy, the introduction of a tension spring into a cable suspending a gravity anchor, and the scheme of fixedly connecting a damping plate below the suspension anchor, enables the gravity anchor to be stable and reduces the variation of the relative motion amplitude between the floating body and the gravity anchor of the wave generator besides retaining the advantages of the gravity anchor, such as the capability of shifting along with the floating body, the reduction of the length of an energy collection cable and the like, thereby being beneficial to the judgment of the WECS working state by an externally-added energy accumulator type pre-tightening scheme and a high-pressure side backflow type pre-tightening scheme. The electric control damping plate enables the hanging anchor to be switched to serve as a stable reference object or an unstable reference object according to wave conditions.

4) The rotary/universal joint/spherical hinge type power connector is inserted in the middle of the cable extension, so that the breakage caused by frequent bending of the cable is avoided; the scheme that spiral winding is adopted on the rope or part of the spiral cable is adopted in the process of extension, the cable is protected to adapt to the expansion of the rope, and the annular array series scheme of the wave generator enables the adoption of a single-shaft cable and is low in cost.

Drawings

Fig. 1: single float spring reset WECS Structure FIG. 2: single-floating-body differential pressure reset A-type WECS structure diagram

Fig. 3: single floating body differential pressure reset B type WECS structure diagram (high pressure side backflow basic type pre-tightening system)

Fig. 3A: commutation arm schematic fig. 3B: control time schedule after the electromagnetic switch valve in fig. 3 is replaced with a reversing branch

Fig. 4: single floating body differential pressure reset B type WECS structure diagram (containing square tube)

Fig. 5: double-floating-body gravity reset a-type WECS structure fig. 6: b-type WECS structure diagram with double floating bodies capable of resetting under gravity

Fig. 7: basic pre-tightening scheme of externally-added accumulator applied to Shan Futi differential pressure B-type WECS schematic diagram (inverted L-type)

Fig. 7A: high pressure side back flow pretension scheme (boost cylinder + electromagnetic switch valve) fig. 7B: control timing diagram of fig. 7A fig. 7C: high pressure side back flow type pre-tightening scheme (booster cylinder + swing cylinder + electromagnetic switch valve)

Fig. 7D: FIG. 7C is a control timing chart

Fig. 8: functional relationship diagram of various elements of the electrical part of the pretensioning system fig. 9: circuit diagram of electric part of pretensioning system

Fig. 10: SCM flow chart of basic pre-tightening system of externally-increased energy accumulator

Fig. 11A: single chip microcomputer flow chart (basic type) of high-pressure side backflow basic type pre-tightening system

Fig. 11B: single chip microcomputer flow chart of high-pressure side backflow type pre-tightening system (comprising swinging cylinder, flywheel and follow current branch)

Fig. 12: application effect schematic diagram of pretension system

Fig. 13: external accumulator type pretightening scheme (Gear rack type swing cylinder + rotating speed sensor)

Fig. 14: high-pressure side back flow type pre-tightening system (belt transmission and follow current branch)

Fig. 15: external accumulator-based pretensioning system (open cycle) fig. 16: high-pressure side back flow type pre-tightening system (follow current branch)

Fig. 17: the working of a row of multi-wave generator adopts a hanging anchor schematic diagram (with damping plates or tension springs)

Fig. 18: schematic diagram of the serial combination of the anchor system and the generator (spiral cable between the floats + rotating/spherical hinge type power connector)

Fig. 19: four electrically controlled damping plate diagrams 20: MCU control damping plate expansion/retraction flow schematic diagram

Fig. 21: external accumulator-type pretensioning system (commutation arm) fig. 21A: the control timing chart of FIG. 3

Fig. 22: external accumulator-type pretension system (commutation branch + boost cylinder) fig. 22A: control timing chart of FIG. 22

Fig. 23: high pressure side back flow pretension system (commutation arm + pump & motor) fig. 23A: control timing chart of FIG. 23

Fig. 24: external accumulator type pretension system (commutation arm + swing cylinder) fig. 24A: control timing chart of FIG. 24

Fig. 25: high pressure side reverse flow pretension system (boost cylinder + commutation arm) fig. 25A: FIG. 25 control timing chart

Fig. 26: high-pressure side back flow type pre-tightening system (booster cylinder + pump & motor + reversing branch)

Fig. 26A: control timing chart of FIG. 26

1-float-steel/glass fiber reinforced plastic/high density polyethylene housing; 2-hydraulic cylinder-piston cylinder or plunger cylinder; 3-a piston rod or plunger rod; 4-a high pressure accumulator; 5-an oil filter; 6-a hydraulic motor; 7-a generator; 8-a low pressure accumulator; 9-probe for finishing working stroke; 10-protective cover: a bellows-shaped flexible rubber tube; 11-fairlead: the four-roller type cable guide comprises a pair of rollers, wherein the rollers are parallel to each other in axis and aligned in end face, but have gaps, the two groups of rollers are vertically stacked on each other and are arranged on a bracket in a non-contact manner, the rollers can rotate freely, and a guided object passes through the gaps of each group of rollers; because the roller is a cylinder, the movement of square steel or square tubes can be guided; 12-cable; 13-housing of the rope control mechanism: is also part of the frame of the rope control mechanism; 17-gravitational anchors; 18-counterweight: the specific gravity is greater than that of water, and the gravity is used as rope collecting power; 19-reverse L rigid frame: the R-shaped rigid body has a transverse side which is a pipe/straight rod, and a vertical side which is a long straight rod with a rectangular section or a square pipe, and the material can be carbon steel/stainless steel/aluminum alloy, such as Q235; 20-double roller chock; 21-a main rope; 22-a chain; 24-rope; 27-a piston; 30-energy collecting rope; 33-a tension spring; 35-hydraulic pipes; 44-a third rope; 46-a ground-grasping anchor; 47-gear; 49-a second rope; 50-reset cable 51-weight: the specific gravity is greater than that of water; 56-pulleys; 57-cable; 58-anchor chain; 59-buoy: a floating body floating on the sea surface can provide a certain buoyancy force; 60-float; 62-pulley yoke; 63-straight barrel: a straight tube having a relatively large inner diameter; the material can be carbon steel/stainless steel/aluminum alloy/glass fiber reinforced plastic; 68-tripod; one end of the three steel rods are fixedly connected together, and the forks with equal angles at the other ends are separated, and the tripod is similar to a tripod of a camera; 69-floating body upper cover; 70-lifting hook; 71-a steel tube; 72-an oil tank; 73-a make-up pump; 75-hanging rings; 76-rope; 78-an oil bowl; bowl made of steel or plastic. 79-a rope control mechanism; 80-cyclic floating body: a hollow shell with a cylinder shape and a through hole on the axis, wherein the rotation section of the axis is rectangular; 81-upright posts; 82-guide roller: like a castor, the direction of movement is guided by a rolling guide member. 83-II support: the steel II shape or the three-leg frame which is the same as Powerbuoy of OPT company, namely each end point of the horizontally-arranged Y-shaped cross beam extends downwards to form a bracket with a 3-leg structure; 84-flexible/universal connection: can be a chain/rope, or a pair of lock rings hooked with each other, or a cross universal joint, or a spherical hinge; the two parts which are connected with each other are allowed to have a certain included angle to change. 86-a guide rail; 88-rigid frame: a rigid frame, preferably made of carbon steel/stainless steel/aluminum alloy material; 89-cushion blocks; 94-rack; 97-damping plate; 102-flange: the raised edge is used for limiting; 103-reset end probe: proximity switches or sensors for monitoring the reset stroke to the end point. 104-a second tension spring; 106-limiting block: protruding the solid, avoiding the movement of the member to which it is affixed exceeding the design stroke; 108-square tube; 111-rectangular steel frame: a vertically installed rectangular steel frame; 113-square steel; 114-lugs; 115-draining pipe; 116-rubber tube; 121-a spiral cable; 122-electromagnetic switch valve: the valve can also be replaced by an electric switch valve with rapid response; 123-flywheel: a rotating wheel with large moment of inertia; 124-belt drive; 125-swinging cylinder; 126-a second sensor; 127-positive displacement pump & motor; 128-a third accumulator; 129-surface assembly; 130-an electric motor; 131-window; 132-drive screw; 133-electric mortise lock; 134-motorized folding window; 135-electric blinds; 136-an electrically powered translating door; 137-door frame; 138-a plunger cylinder; 139-piston cylinder; 140-wave surface; 141-a return spring; 142-pivot; 143-seafloor; 144-level sensor; 145—a rotational speed sensor; 146-a wireless data transmission module; 147-booster cylinder; 148-a rotary power connector; 149-Universal/spherical hinge Power connector: the material is a conductor (such as copper/aluminum), the insulating skin is wrapped, and only two ends of the insulating skin are exposed to be used as a terminal for connecting wires;

Detailed Description

All embodiments herein are further described in the following description with reference to the drawings, wherein the embodiments are for the purpose of aiding in the understanding of representative examples of the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Section I: the invention relates to a wave generator utilizing wave buoyancy to do work unidirectionally, which is characterized in that wave buoyancy is utilized to do work to generate power when the wave rises, and the wave generator is reset when the wave falls, and the core is a wave energy collecting and converting system, namely Wave Energy Convert System is called WECS (without a rope control device), which comprises a sea surface assembly, a power collecting rope and a relative motion reference object (such as a gravity anchor/a hanging anchor/a vacuum suction anchor/a pile) under water, wherein the sea surface assembly refers to the part of the wave generator, which is close to the sea surface, and is used for converting relative motion into electric energy, and comprises a floating body, a component moving relative to the floating body, a hydraulic system and a generator, and the component moving relative to the floating body is connected with the relative motion reference object under water through the power collecting rope or is connected through the power collecting rope of the rope control device.

Section IIA: the wave energy collection and conversion system is different according to the reset mode of the hydraulic cylinder and comprises a single-floating-body spring reset type, a single-floating-body differential pressure reset type and a double-floating-body gravity reset type. The single-floating-body differential pressure reset type WECS is divided into two types, namely an A type adopting a piston cylinder (when in operation, a hydraulic cylinder is pulled) and a B type adopting a plunger cylinder (when in operation, the hydraulic cylinder is pressed).

The single float spring return sea surface assembly of WECS in fig. 1, referring to fig. 6 from CN 103104408A, is structured as: a single-acting piston cylinder 2 is arranged at the bottom of the cavity of the floating body 1, a piston rod of the single-acting piston cylinder 2 extends downwards to the outside of the floating body, one end of a rope 24 is connected with a piston rod 3 handle of the single-acting piston cylinder, the other end of the rope extends downwards to pass through a cable guide 11 arranged below the floating body 1 and then is connected with the top end of a rope control mechanism 79 (in the specification, only the rope control mechanism is discussed as a type of being arranged under an upper energy collecting rope in a temporary way), and the bottom end of the energy collecting rope 30 of the rope control mechanism 79 is connected with a gravity anchor. The hydraulic cycle is: the hydraulic motor drives the generator to generate electricity. A return tension spring 33 is mounted on the single-acting piston cylinder 2. See CN 103104408A for principle.

The structure of the floating body 1 of fig. 2, single floating body differential pressure reset a type WECS referring to fig. 12 from CN107255060 a, may be: a closed shell, the center of which penetrates through a vertical tube, a fully closed shell with a through hole in the center is formed after the shell part in the vertical tube is removed, and the closed shell can also be regarded as a thin-wall empty shell structure (called a square section swim ring structure in the specification) of which the rectangle rotates around a shaft, and the shaft is parallel to one side of the rectangle and has a certain distance with the rectangle; the lower part of the floating body 1 is fixedly connected with the top end of a vertical straight cylinder 63, the axis of a through hole of the equipment cabin is coincident with the axis of the vertical cylinder 63, a cable guide 11 is arranged at the bottom in the vertical cylinder 63, three feet (only 2 are drawn) of a tripod 68 are fixed on the top surface of the floating body, the top end of the tripod 68 is positioned right above the through hole, the top end of the tripod is connected with the top end of a cylinder body of a single-acting hydraulic cylinder 2 through a lock chain 22, a rope 24 (which can be replaced by a lock chain) connected with a piston rod handle of the single-acting hydraulic cylinder 2 sequentially passes through the center hole of the floating body and the cable guide 11, and finally is connected to the top surface of a shell 79 of a frame of the rope control device; the generator and the hydraulic system except the single-acting hydraulic cylinder 2 are all arranged in the cavity of the floating body 1 (the actual position of the content in the dotted line round angle rectangular frame in the specification is marked by an arrow);

The hydraulic system is closed circulation, the circulation route is that the single-acting piston cylinder is provided with a rod cavity, a quasi-outlet one-way valve, a high-pressure accumulator, a hydraulic motor, a low-pressure accumulator and an admission one-way valve, and the hydraulic motor drives the generator to generate electricity. The principle is incorporated in CN107255060 a.

Section IIB: fig. 3 is a single-float differential pressure reset B-type WECS reference CN107255060 a, comprising a plunger cylinder 138, a float 1, a fairlead 11, specifically: the floating body 1 is a square section swim ring structure; the plunger cylinder 138 cylinder body is erected on the lower plunger rod 3, the tail end of the plunger cylinder 138 cylinder body is fixed near the top surface hole of the floating body 1, the top end of the plunger rod 3 of the plunger cylinder 138 is connected with the top edge center of a rectangular steel frame 111, the plunger cylinder 138 and the plunger rod 3 thereof are always in the four-side surrounding of the rectangular steel frame 111, two upright frames and bottom frames of the rectangular steel frame 111 are always kept not in contact with the top surface and the central hole wall of the floating body 1, the bottom edge center of the rectangular steel frame 111 is connected with the top end of a rope 24, and the other end of the rope 24 sequentially passes through the vertical central hole of the floating body 1 and the cable guide 11 arranged below the central hole of the floating body, and then the rope guide mechanism 79 is connected in a downward extending mode.

The hydraulic system is in closed circulation, and the circulation route is a single-acting plunger cylinder cavity, a quasi-outlet one-way valve, a high-pressure energy accumulator, a hydraulic motor, a low-pressure energy accumulator and an admission one-way valve, and the hydraulic motor drives the generator to generate electricity. See CN107255060 a for principle.

Hydraulic pipes 35 connected to oil inlet and outlet ports at the bottom end of the plunger cylinder 138 are drilled into the top cover of the floating body 1.

In the foregoing, the bottom end of the cylinder body of the plunger cylinder 138 may be connected to the vicinity of the top hole of the floating body 1 by means of a lug/hinge/earring, but if the plunger cylinder 138 is not constrained in a certain direction and is pourable or the vertical frame of the rectangular steel frame 111 is unconstrained in a certain horizontal direction, guide roller sets should be added to two opposite sides of the vertical frame perpendicular to the unconstrained degree of freedom, the support of the guide roller sets is mounted on the top surface of the floating body 1, the guide roller sets are two identical cylindrical rollers with parallel axes and aligned end surfaces at a certain distance, and are respectively clung to two opposite sides of the vertical frame of the rectangular steel frame 111, so that the vertical frame is sandwiched between the two cylindrical rollers. The guiding roller group limits the horizontal swing of the rectangular steel frame 111 in the direction of the degree of freedom, so that the axial sections of the rectangular steel frame 111 and the plunger cylinder 138 are always overlapped, the plunger cylinder 138 is prevented from tilting, and two vertical frames (namely, square steel 113) of the rectangular steel frame in fig. 4 are guided by the guiding roller group 82 in the vertical paper surface and the transverse directions at the same time.

In the foregoing, the rope 24+ cable guide 11 in fig. 2 and 3 may be replaced by a square tube+ double cable guide (i.e. schemes 2-3), specifically: as shown in fig. 4, the bottom frame of the rectangular steel frame 111 is instead connected (fixedly connected/movably connected) with a vertical square tube 108, the square tube 108 passes through an upper cable guide 11 and a lower cable guide 11 installed at the bottom of the floating body 1, and the bottom end of the square tube 108 is connected with the top surface of the rope control mechanism 79; the four rollers of the cable guide 11 are clung to the four side surfaces of the square tube 108 one by one;

for single float & differential pressure reset type a, square tube + double fairlead may also be used, such as in fig. 2 (square tube scheme not shown): the bottom end of a piston rod 3 extending out from the lower part of the single-rod piston cylinder 2 is connected (fixedly connected/movably connected) with the top end of a vertical square tube, the square tube penetrates through an upper cable guide and a lower cable guide which are arranged at the bottom of the floating body 1, and the bottom end of the square tube is connected with the top surface of the rope control mechanism; four rollers of the cable guide are clung to four sides of the square tube one by one;

scheme 2-3 can also be applied to various WECS in CN 103104408A application, such as fig. 1, square tube + double cable guide can replace rope 24+ rope guide 11 therein, wherein piston rod 3 bottom of hydraulic cylinder is connected with square tube top, the square tube passes two cable guides installed at certain vertical distance of bottom of floating body 1, the square tube bottom is connected with a rope control rack 79 again.

Section III: the other rope-controlled hydraulic cylinder WECS is a double-floating body gravity reset type WECS, which is divided into A type and B type, and the structure of A type (see figure 5) is as follows: a hollow upright post 81 (cylindrical shape) is vertically placed, the top end opening bottom end is closed, an annular floating body 80 is sleeved on the upright post 81, a certain gap is reserved between the inner wall of the annular floating body 80 and the side surface of the upright post 81, an upright Pi-shaped support 83/(or three-leg frame) is fixed on the top surface of the annular floating body 80, the vertical center line of the Pi-shaped support 83/three-leg frame coincides with the axis of the upright post 81, the piston rod handle of an upright single-acting piston cylinder 2 is in flexible/universal connection 84 with the center of the bottom surface of a cross beam of the Pi-shaped support 83 (or three-leg frame), and the tail end of the cylinder body of the single-acting piston cylinder 2 can be in flexible/universal connection with the bottom surface of the cavity of the upright post 81, and also in flexible connection (actually belongs to one of flexible connection) by adopting a chain 22+cushion block 89.

The circulation route of the hydraulic system is as follows: the oil tank 72, the admission check valve, a rod cavity of the single-acting piston cylinder, the admission check valve, the high-pressure accumulator and the hydraulic motor, wherein the hydraulic motor drives the generator to generate electricity;

preferably: if the diameter of the column 81 is too small and the buoyancy is insufficient, the bottom end of the column 81 may be fixedly connected with a cylindrical/ellipsoidal underwater buoyancy chamber 52 to increase the buoyancy, with the center lines of the two coinciding. Preferably: the bottom end of the upright post 81 or the underwater buoyancy chamber 52 is fixedly connected with the top end of a vertical rod/vertical cylinder 63, and the center lines of the upright post and the underwater buoyancy chamber coincide; the upright post 81, the underwater buoyancy chamber 52, the vertical rod/vertical cylinder 63 are integrally fixedly connected together and are the whole upright post. The bottom end of the column assembly is connected with a rope control device 79.

The hydraulic system is installed in the column 81 or in the underwater buoyancy chamber 52.

The second, double float gravity reset type B WECS, illustrated in fig. 6, is largely identical to the type a configuration, except that the hydraulic cylinder 2 in fig. 6 is a piston cylinder with its upper piston rod down, and the annular float 80 moves up and down along the rail 86, except that: the column assembly plus the entire rope control mechanism 79 may not necessarily maintain a sufficiently net buoyancy and may even have a specific gravity greater than water, but with the addition of a pulley weight mechanism. The method comprises the following steps: the pulley frame of the pulley 56 is connected with the bottom surface of the annular floating body 80, one end of a rope 76 is connected with a weight 51, the other end extends upwards, bypasses the pulley 56 and then extends downwards, and finally is tied on the upright 81 as a whole (only a single-side pulley 56+rope 76 is drawn in the figure, and the pulley+rope is actually 2 groups of pulleys and ropes and is symmetrical about the axis of the upright). The top end of the rope control device 79 is connected with the bottom end of the column assembly. The hydraulic system is the same as the double-floating body gravity reset A type, but is mostly installed in the cavity of the annular floating body 80.

The principle of double floating body gravity reset type A and type B WECS is disclosed in CN 107255060A.

The piston rod 3 in fig. 1, the piston rod 3 in fig. 2, the rectangular rigid frame 111 in fig. 3, the square tube 108 in fig. 4, the column assembly (81+52+63) in fig. 5 and the column assembly (81+53) in fig. 6 are all components moving relative to the floating body, the bottom ends (the bottom edge center for the rectangular rigid frame) of the components are also not connected with a rope control mechanism, but are directly connected with the top end of a power cable, the power cable is connected with the gravity anchor of each power cable through the power cable, after a rope control device is omitted, the WECS can also generate electricity by utilizing wave energy, and the capacity of adjusting the distance between a sea surface assembly and the underwater gravity anchor is only lost.

Section IV: the inverted-L-shaped WECS belongs to a single-floating-body differential pressure B type, and in fig. 7, a sea surface assembly of the inverted-L-shaped WECS comprises a floating body 1, an inverted-L rigid frame 19, a closed hydraulic system and an upper cable guide 11 and a lower cable guide 11 which act as guide rails. The floating body 1 is a totally-enclosed hollow shell with a cylindrical shape and a through hole on the axis, and the rotating section of the axis is rectangular; the vertical edge of the inverted L-shaped rigid frame 19 with a square tube section passes through the four roller cable guides 11 with a certain distance from top to bottom, wherein the upper cable guide is arranged at the upper end of the through hole, the lower cable guide is arranged at the bottom of a straight tube 63, the straight tube 63 is upright, the top end of the straight tube 63 is fixed at the bottom of a floating body, the inner diameter of the straight tube 63 is larger than (or smaller than or equal to) the through hole on the floating body, and the central axis coincides with the axis of the through hole of the floating body; four sides of the vertical edge of the inverted L-shaped rigid frame are respectively clung to four rollers of the two cable guides one by one. The cable guide acts like a guide rail guiding the up and down movement of the inverted L rigid frame 19. The straight tube 63 here corresponds to a bracket, but it is of course also possible that the straight tube 63 is not present, and that the lower fairlead 11 is mounted at the bottom in the throughbore of the floating body 1.

The tail end of the transverse edge of the inverted L-shaped rigid frame 19 is connected with the tail end of a plunger rod 3 of a vertical plunger cylinder, a fixed connection/lug/hinge shaft/earring mode can be adopted, the bottom end of the plunger cylinder 138 is connected with the top surface of the floating body 1, a fixed connection/lug/hinge shaft/earring mode can be adopted, and of course, the plunger cylinder 138 can be connected with the top surface of the floating body 1 reversely and respectively; the plunger cylinder 138 may also have a degree of inclination, preferably in the plane of the inverted L rigid frame; the effect is as follows: when the inverted L rigid frame downwards presses the hydraulic cylinder, the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder can be higher than that in the initial stage at the end of acting, because the gradient of the plunger cylinder 138 can be increased along with the descending of the inverted L rigid frame, the component force required by the compression plunger cylinder 138 in the vertical direction is reduced, so that the floating body 1 can fully utilize the residual net buoyancy (the floating body draft is greater than the draft when the floating body falls at the wave crest) when the wave rises, and the plunger cylinder 138 is obliquely installed, so that the connection between the inverted L rigid frame and the top of the floating body 1 cannot be fixedly connected.

Preferably: the bottom end of the inverted L rigid frame 19 is connected with the shell of the rope control mechanism 79 in a flexible/universal connection manner, and the connection has the advantages that the shell of the rope control mechanism 79 can swing along with the swing of the energy collecting rope 30, the pressure of the energy collecting rope 30 on the cable guide 11 on the rope control mechanism 79 can be reduced, and when the energy collecting rope 30 swings along the axial direction of the pair of rollers at the bottom layer of the cable guide, the abrasion of the energy collecting rope 30 on the cable guide 11 can be greatly reduced by virtue of the following mobility of the rope control mechanism 79, and the flexible/universal connection is preferably a cross universal connection.

Preferably: the stopper 106 is fixed on the upper part of the vertical edge of the inverted L-shaped rigid frame, and when the plunger rod 3 moves downwards to approach the bottom of the plunger cylinder 138, the stopper 106 collides with the top surface of the floating body 1 first, so that the plunger cylinder 138 is protected.

The hydraulic system is in closed circulation, the circulation route is that the plunger cylinder cavity, the quasi-outlet one-way valve, the high-pressure energy accumulator, the hydraulic motor, the low-pressure energy accumulator, the admission one-way valve and the plunger cylinder cavity are arranged, and the hydraulic motor drives the generator to generate electricity; the hydraulic pipe connected with the oil inlet and the oil outlet at the bottom end of the plunger cylinder 138 is drilled in from the top cover of the floating body, the drilling-in part is subjected to sealing treatment, and the generator and a hydraulic system except the plunger cylinder are arranged in a cavity of the floating body (the actual position of the content in the rounded rectangle of the dash-dot line is marked in the figure by an arrow);

Principle of: basically, as in the principle of the single-float differential pressure reset type B, under the condition that the hydraulic cylinder 138 does not work beyond the stroke and the rope control device is not triggered, the float 1 fluctuates along with waves, the length of the rope 30 between the bottom end of the inverted-L rigid frame and the gravity anchor is locked, so that the maximum height of the top end of the plunger rod 3 is also locked, the bottom end of the cylinder body of the plunger cylinder 138 moves up and down along with the float 1, when the float 1 ascends, the plunger cylinder 138 is compressed to output high-pressure hydraulic oil, and because the admission check valve cannot pass through, the hydraulic oil can only reach the high-pressure accumulator through the admission check valve (in contrast to the plunger cylinder), the pressure of the high-pressure accumulator is greater than the pressure of the low-pressure accumulator by the differential pressure of the high-low-pressure accumulator, the hydraulic motor is pushed to rotate, the generator is driven to generate electricity, and meanwhile, the hydraulic oil also flows into the low-pressure accumulator from the high-pressure accumulator. When the floating body 1 falls, the pulling force of the energy collecting cable 30 is rapidly reduced, the pressure in the cavity of the plunger cylinder is also rapidly reduced, and the plunger is pushed to jack up under the action of the pressure difference of the low-pressure accumulator and the atmospheric pressure, so that the plunger cylinder is reset. Preferably: an oil filter 5 is added.

Preferably: the plunger rod 3 is sleeved with a protective cover 10 (preferably made of soft rubber), one end of the protective cover 10 is in butt joint sealing with a plunger rod handle, and the other end of the protective cover is in butt joint sealing with the outer side of the plunger cylinder 108.

Preferably: the generator is a brushless permanent magnet generator; preferably: and an overflow valve is connected in parallel beside the motor, and once the motor stops running due to a certain reason, high-pressure oil of the high-pressure energy accumulator can enter the low-pressure energy accumulator through the overflow valve, so that the excessive pressure in the high-pressure energy accumulator is avoided. Preferably: the motor is an axial plunger motor with end face flow distribution.

Preferably, with respect to the oil make-up system: a cover is added to the top end of the cylinder body of the plunger cylinder 138, a sealing cavity for collecting oil drainage is formed between the cover and the top surface of the cylinder body, the plunger rod 3 penetrates out of a sealing ring at a hole on the top surface of the cavity, the oil drainage pipe 115 is led out of the sealing cavity, then extends downwards, drills into the cavity from the top cover of the floating body 1 (the drilling part needs to be subjected to sealing treatment, and the full sealing property of the floating body is not damaged), and finally enters an oil tank.

Preferably: an electric oil supplementing pump 73 driven by electricity generated by the wave generator extracts hydraulic oil from the oil tank and injects the hydraulic oil into the closed hydraulic circulation system; further preferred is: a single chip microcomputer and an auxiliary power circuit are added, the single chip microcomputer controls the start and stop of the electric oil supplementing pump according to signals sent by a liquid level sensor 144 in the oil tank and a hydraulic sensor on the closed-cycle hydraulic system, and when the liquid level sensor 144 monitors that the oil in the oil tank is excessive or the hydraulic sensor monitors that the pressure in the closed-cycle hydraulic system is too low, the MCU starts a motor to drive the oil supplementing pump to pump oil from the oil tank and inject the oil into the closed-cycle hydraulic system.

Preferably: the cable 12 of the rope control device is drilled out from the cavity of the floating body upwards (the outlet is to be sealed), then the floating body is changed into a spiral shape to extend upwards, finally a horizontal steel pipe 71 is drilled in, the steel pipe 71 is welded with the side face of the inverted L-shaped rigid frame 19, the two pipe cavities are communicated, the cable 12 extends horizontally along the steel pipe 71, enters the vertical side square pipe of the inverted L-shaped rigid frame to extend downwards, finally the cable is drilled out from the side face of the bottom end of the inverted L-shaped rigid frame, and finally enters the shell 79 of the rope control frame. If the inverted L rigid frame 19 is fixedly connected with the rope control mechanism shell 79, the cable 12 can directly enter the rope control machine frame shell from the outlet at the bottom end of the inverted L rigid frame, but the inlet is sealed. The functions are as follows: the spiral shape of the cable 12 is adopted to adapt to the relative distance change between the inverted L-shaped rigid frame and the top surface of the floating body, and the cable 12 can be protected in the square tube of the inverted L-shaped rigid frame.

Section V: hydraulic system with pre-tightening function

The hydraulic systems of the WECS sea surface assemblies described in the specification can be added with pre-tightening schemes, and the pre-tightening schemes have two main types: external accumulator type and high pressure side return type.

In fig. 7, a basic type of externally added accumulator is adopted, and a new hydraulic branch is led out from a hydraulic pipeline at an oil inlet and an oil outlet of a hydraulic cylinder 138, and the hydraulic branch is connected with a third accumulator 128 after passing through an electromagnetic switch valve 122; the solenoid switch valve 122 is controlled by an MCU (i.e., a single-chip microcomputer, which is also referred to herein as a PLC) that receives signals from a second sensor 126 that monitors the operating conditions of the WECS (wave energy harvesting and conversion system) sea-surface assembly.

The energy collecting rope 30 of the rope-controlled hydraulic cylinder wave generator works under the working condition of pulse tension, when the floating body 1 falls down, the tension on the energy collecting rope is equal to the reset force of the hydraulic cylinder (the wet weight of the rope control mechanism, the dead weight of a component and the friction force are not considered, the tension is smaller, and when the floating body rises, the hydraulic cylinder 138 does work, the tension on the energy collecting rope 30 is larger, so that the energy collecting rope 30 can stretch out and draw back, in addition, the transverse impact of seawater (such as ocean current) can also cause the energy collecting rope 30 to bend, when the hydraulic cylinder 138 resets, the bending is larger, and when the hydraulic cylinder 138 does work, the bending is smaller, all the results are that: wave height utilization efficiency decreases because the buoyancy of the wave (including impact force) does not immediately drive the hydraulic cylinder 138 to do work, but is delayed for a while in the early stage of the wave driving the floating body 1 to rise. The wave surface elevation is virtually unutilized from the time the wave begins to rise to the time the hydraulic cylinder 138 is driven, with the loss of wave height elevation being used to increase the draft of the float to increase its net buoyancy and to straighten the line 30 (float 1 is rising but hydraulic cylinder 138 is stationary). The purpose of the pre-tightening is to reduce the wave height utilization loss, and the energy collecting rope 30 is tensioned in advance before the wave surface rises, so that the draft of the floating body 1 is increased, and the hydraulic cylinder 138 can be immediately driven when the wave surface rises.

In fig. 7, the single chip microcomputer MCU acquires the member (i.e. the inverted L rigid frame 19) on the sea surface assembly, which is linked with the energy collecting cable, through the second sensor 126, and determines that the wave surface where the floating body 1 is located is in that stage relative to the motion state of the floating body 1 (the motion state of the floating body 1 can also be acquired through the acceleration sensor, or the draft information of the floating body can also be acquired through the water pressure sensor at the bottom of the floating body), once the MCU determines that the WECS is in the reset stage and approaches the end of the reset stage, i.e. is considered to be in the trough, the electromagnetic switch valve 122 is immediately opened, and is kept closed for a period of time (e.g. 0.3 seconds), so that the high-pressure hydraulic oil in the third accumulator 128 flows to the plunger cylinder 138 partially, and drives the plunger rod 3 to rise, and the pressure in the third accumulator 128 is reduced. Because the rope control device is in a locking state, the distance between the inverted L rigid frame 19 and the gravity anchor 17 is unchanged, so that the plunger rod 3 cannot rise actually, only the floating body 1 sinks, the floating body 1 sinks to increase the draft of the floating body 1, the buoyancy is increased, and the pulling force on the energy collecting rope 30 is increased, thereby achieving the pre-tightening purpose. When the wave surface rises, the hydraulic cylinder can be driven immediately or the hydraulic cylinder 138 can be driven to do work with a small wave surface rise amplitude.

When the working stroke of the hydraulic cylinder 138 is nearly finished, that is, when the floating body rises to the wave crest along with the wave, the wave surface does not rise any more at this time, but the pulling force of the energy collecting rope and the net buoyancy force (net buoyancy=the buoyancy force exerted by the floating body at this time minus the gravity force exerted by the floating body) of the floating body are still equal to the force when the hydraulic cylinder works, the floating body still has deep draft, which means that the residual buoyancy potential energy exists as much as when the wave rises. At this time, the single chip microcomputer MCU monitors that the floating body is at the peak through the second sensor 126, immediately opens the electromagnetic switch valve 122 and keeps for a certain time (for example, 0.3 s), at this time, high-pressure hydraulic oil in the plunger cylinder 138 flows to the third energy accumulator 128, hydraulic pressure in the third energy accumulator 128 rises, hydraulic pressure in the plunger cylinder 138 decreases, the floating body 1 rises for a certain distance, which is equivalent to the buoyancy of waves and works on the floating body 1, and therefore the utilization rate of wave height is increased again. Then, at the trough, the MCU opens the electromagnetic switch valve 122 again, thus circulating … …

Fig. 10 is a process flow diagram of a basic single chip microcomputer of an externally added accumulator.

Fig. 8 is a functional diagram of each element of the electric part of the pretensioning system, where the single chip microcomputer/PLC obtains the state of the sea surface assembly or wave surface from the second sensor, the state is the wave surface rising, wave crest, wave surface falling, wave trough, etc., and the state of the wave surface can be generally determined by measuring the working state of the wave generator because it is difficult to directly measure the state of the wave surface where the wave generator is located, and the sensor is also expensive. The second sensor may take several forms:

1) Distance measuring sensor: for fig. 1, the piston 27 is mounted on the inside top surface of the float housing and the distance from the inside top surface of the float housing is monitored. For other figures, then install on the body top surface, monitor: the distance between the member (the end of the piston rod 3 in fig. 2, the top edge of the rectangular rigid frame 111 in fig. 3 and 4, or the limiting block 106 in fig. 4, the top end of the upright post 81 in fig. 5, the top edge of the rigid frame 88 in fig. 6, and the transverse edge of the inverted L-shaped rigid frame in fig. 7) which is linked with the energy collecting rope and is above the top surface of the floating body changes.

For fig. 7, when the distance increases, the hydraulic cylinder is in a reset stage, and the floating body is in a falling state; when the distance is increased and then stops, ending the resetting process, wherein the floating body is positioned at the trough; when the distance is reduced, the floating body is in an ascending stage for doing work; when the distance is reduced and then stopped, the floating body rises to the peak point and is in a wave crest state. The judgment in the other figures is similar to this.

Preferably: the distance measuring sensor is of a laser type, an ultrasonic type or an infrared type.

2) A linear displacement sensor: the vertical device comprises two parts capable of moving relatively linearly, wherein one part is connected to the floating body, and the other part is connected to a member linked with the energy collecting rope; preferably: the one component is connected to the top surface of the floating body, and the member connected by the other component is positioned above the top surface of the floating body; the judgment method is similar to that of a ranging sensor. Preferably: the linear displacement sensor is a pull rod type/pull rope type.

the component moves downwards relative to the floating body at a speed which is a stage of doing work on the hydraulic cylinder and lifting the floating body; stopping the working after the speed is downward, namely finishing working and carrying out wave crest moment; the upward speed is the stage of resetting the hydraulic cylinder and falling the floating body; and stopping after the speed is up, wherein the reset is finished, and the floating body is positioned at the trough.

the maximum composite acceleration with the gravity acceleration is the trough, and the minimum superimposed acceleration is the crest. The period from the wave trough to the wave crest is the stage of acting on the hydraulic cylinder and the floating body rises, and the period from the wave crest to the wave trough is the stage of resetting the hydraulic cylinder and the floating body falls.

5) Draft sensor: the water pressure sensor is arranged at the bottom of the floating body and used for monitoring the draft of the floating body;

If the pressure is detected to be maximum by the water pressure sensor, the maximum draft is indicated, and the working on the hydraulic cylinder and the rising of the floating body are carried out; the water pressure starts to be reduced after the draft is maximum, and the peak is the peak; the hydraulic pressure and the draft are small, and the floating body falls down, and the hydraulic cylinder resets; the water pressure and draft are small, and the water pressure and draft start to increase, and the water pressure and draft are wave troughs.

6) Tension sensor: connected to the energy collecting rope 30 in series to monitor the tension of the energy collecting rope;

the pulling force is large, namely, the working is performed on the hydraulic cylinder, the floating body rises, the pulling force is large and starts to decrease, namely, the working is finished, the floating body is in a wave crest, the pulling force is small, namely, the floating body falls down, the hydraulic cylinder resets, the pulling force is small and starts to increase, namely, the hydraulic cylinder resets, and the floating body is in a wave trough.

7) A hydraulic sensor: the hydraulic pipeline is arranged near the oil inlet and outlet of the hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic pressure at the oil inlet and outlet is monitored; the hydraulic pressure is great, the hydraulic cylinder is acted, and the floating body rises; the pressure is changed from large to small, the working is finished, the floating body is at a wave crest, and the pressure is small, the hydraulic cylinder is reset, and the floating body falls down; the pressure is small and increases, and the hydraulic cylinder is reset to end, and the floating body is in the trough.

8) Flow sensor: the hydraulic system is arranged on a main hydraulic pipeline near an oil inlet and an oil outlet of the hydraulic cylinder, and monitors the flow direction and the size of the oil inlet and the oil outlet (flowing into the hydraulic cylinder or flowing out of the hydraulic cylinder);

the flow direction is as follows: the hydraulic cylinder flows outwards, and the hydraulic cylinder is acted and the floating body rises when the hydraulic cylinder is large;

the flow direction is as follows: stopping outflow by the hydraulic cylinder, and finishing acting of the hydraulic cylinder, wherein the floating body is in a wave crest stage;

the flow direction is as follows: the hydraulic cylinder flows inwards, and the hydraulic cylinder is reset and the floating body falls down if the hydraulic cylinder is large;

the flow direction is as follows: when the hydraulic cylinder stops flowing, the hydraulic cylinder is reset, and the floating body is in a trough stage;

fig. 9: in the circuit diagram of the electric part of the pretensioning system, the MCU controls the electromagnetic switch valve through the solid state relay SSR, and preferably: the MCU receives data sent by the wireless communication module AS62 through the 485 communication module.

It should be noted that: fig. 8, 9 may be applied to all pre-tightening schemes of the present description.

Fig. 12 is a pre-tightening effect diagram of the externally added accumulator, a): trough state; b: opening an electromagnetic switch valve for a while, and pre-tightening; c: the wave surface rises to apply work to the hydraulic cylinder; d: a wave crest, opening an electromagnetic switch valve for a while, and pressurizing a third energy accumulator by utilizing the residual net buoyancy of the wave; e: after the pressurization is finished, the falling is started; f: the float falls, the hydraulic cylinder resets and then goes again to a), and so on.

(II) basic pretightening scheme of high-pressure side reflux

Referring to fig. 3, a hydraulic branch is connected in parallel beside the calibration check valve of the hydraulic system, and an electromagnetic switch valve 122 is arranged on the branch, wherein the electromagnetic switch valve 122 is controlled by an MCU, and the MCU receives signals from a second sensor 126 for monitoring the state of the floating body. The treatment mode of the floating body in the trough state is the same as the basic pre-tightening scheme of the external accumulator, in the falling process of the floating body, the hydraulic pressure in the plunger cylinder 138 is equal to that of the low-pressure accumulator, when the MCU monitors that the floating body 1 is in the trough state through the second sensor 126, the electromagnetic switch valve 122 is immediately opened and kept for a certain time, at the moment, part of hydraulic oil of the high-pressure accumulator passes through the electromagnetic switch valve 122 and bypasses the quasi-outlet check valve to directly flow to the plunger cylinder 138, the hydraulic pressure in the plunger cylinder 138 rises to drive the plunger rod 3 to rise, and the rope control device at the moment is in a locking state, so that the plunger rod 3 cannot rise, only the floating body 1 sinks, the floating body 1 increases draft, the net buoyancy born by the floating body 1 increases, the pulling force of the energy collecting rope 30 increases, the pre-tightening purpose is achieved, and the algorithm flow of the single chip microcomputer is shown in fig. 11A.

Unlike the previously described basic pre-tightening scheme of the externally added accumulator, when the floating body is in the peak state, the MCU does not issue a command, and the electromagnetic switch valve 122 does not act, that is, the scheme cannot utilize the residual buoyancy at the moment of the peak to do work. Reflected in fig. 12, i.e. without state e), from d): and (3) finishing working of the hydraulic cylinder, and directly reaching f): and resetting the falling hydraulic cylinder.

The basic hydraulic pre-tightening scheme of the externally-added energy accumulator and the basic hydraulic pre-tightening scheme of the high-pressure side backflow have the following defects: for example, during the pre-tightening process in the wave trough, when the electromagnetic switch valve is just opened, the high pressure of the third accumulator or the high pressure hydraulic oil of the high pressure accumulator can impact the hydraulic cylinder, the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder suddenly rises from low pressure to high pressure to generate impact, the energy consumed by the hydraulic cylinder for resetting a certain distance under the high pressure is almost the same as the energy obtained by the hydraulic cylinder in the same distance in the working stage, and the result is that: although the energy is pre-tightened, a lot of energy is consumed, and finally, no more wave energy is obtained, in order to solve the problem, a swinging cylinder and an inertial flywheel are introduced, and the swinging cylinder and the inertial flywheel are used for enabling the same energy consumption to achieve a better pre-tightening effect, and for the external energy accumulator pre-tightening scheme, the residual buoyancy at the time of wave crest can be fully utilized to do work.

As shown in fig. 13, in the external accumulator type pre-tightening scheme, a swinging cylinder 125, in the drawing, a gear rack type swinging cylinder is inserted on the hydraulic branch between the electromagnetic switch valve and the third accumulator 128, the gear of the swinging cylinder is connected with the flywheel 123 (can also be linked with the flywheel 123 through a gear/chain type/belt type speed change mechanism), so that the electromagnetic switch valve is just opened at the moment when the electromagnetic switch valve is in the trough, the high-pressure hydraulic oil of the third accumulator firstly has to push the swinging cylinder to drive the flywheel 123 to rotate, part of the hydraulic energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the flywheel 123, and because the inertia of the flywheel 123 is large, the acceleration is slow, the hydraulic oil slowly enters the hydraulic cylinder 2, and the impact is avoided; the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 2 is slowly raised at the early stage of the pre-tightening process, thereby reducing the energy consumption required for pre-tightening. The MCU can set the on time Δt1, Δt1 of the electromagnetic switch valve according to the prediction, and in the latter half of the time, although the hydraulic pressure of the third accumulator 128 has been reduced and the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 2 has been high, the flywheel 123 continues to push the swing cylinder 125 to swing by using the kinetic energy stored previously, so as to continue to press more hydraulic oil into the plunger cylinder 2, and finally the flywheel 123 is stopped almost slowly after rotating, and at this moment, the MCU closes the electromagnetic switch valve to complete the pre-tightening process. In the pre-tightening process, the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 2 slowly rises without impact, and the pressure potential energy of the third energy accumulator is fully utilized.

The aforementioned time Δt1 for the electromagnetic switch valve to be turned on is preset by the MCU (fig. 15 is preset), and this method is not very flexible, and is preferable: a rotational speed sensor 145 for monitoring the rotational speed of the flywheel 123 can be used to tell the MCU when to close the solenoid valve, and once the flywheel 123 is stopped, the solenoid valve is immediately closed; a flow direction sensor of fluid can be arranged on the hydraulic branch between the third energy accumulator 128 and the electromagnetic switch valve, the MCU monitors the flow direction of hydraulic oil according to the flow direction sensor, and once the flow direction sensor is changed, the electromagnetic switch valve is immediately closed; a flow sensor may be provided on the hydraulic branch between the third accumulator 128 and the electromagnetic switch valve, and the MCU may receive a flow signal from the flow sensor, and close the electromagnetic switch valve immediately once it reaches 0; a hydraulic pressure sensor may be added to the hydraulic pressure branch between the swing cylinder 125 and the third accumulator 128, and the MCU may monitor the hydraulic pressure based on the hydraulic pressure sensor, and immediately close the electromagnetic switch valve when it is found that the hydraulic pressure is changed from falling to stagnation or rising.

The external energy accumulator type pretightening scheme of the flywheel and the swinging cylinder is added, and the surplus net buoyancy born by the floating body can be fully utilized to do work when the floating body is positioned at the wave crest. The implementation process is as follows: when the MCU monitors that the working of the hydraulic cylinder is just finished and the floating body is at a peak according to the second sensor 126, the electromagnetic switch valve is immediately opened and kept for a period of time delta t2, high-pressure hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder 2 pushes the swing cylinder 125 to swing and drives the flywheel 123 to rotate, because of inertia of the flywheel 123, the hydraulic energy is converted into kinetic energy of the flywheel 123 at the initial stage of delta t2, the kinetic energy of the flywheel 123 continues to drive the swing cylinder 125 to swing at the final stage of delta t2, the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 2 slowly drops, the hydraulic pressure of the third energy accumulator 128 slowly rises, no impact exists in the whole process, no sudden pressure change exists, and more hydraulic oil enters the third energy accumulator 128 from the hydraulic cylinder 2 compared with the hydraulic cylinder without the swing cylinder and the flywheel, so that the residual net buoyancy born by the floating body is used for working more fully. If a sensor for monitoring the rotation speed of the flywheel 123 or the above-mentioned flow direction/flow rate/hydraulic pressure sensor for reflecting the movement state of the flywheel 123 is added, the MCU can more accurately determine the time point of closing the electromagnetic switch valve instead of estimating Δt2.

The externally added accumulator pre-tightening scheme is applicable not only to closed hydraulic systems, but also to open hydraulic systems, as in fig. 15.

The optimized design of adding the swinging cylinder and the flywheel can be applied to not only an externally-added accumulator type pre-tightening scheme, but also a high-pressure side backflow type pre-tightening scheme, as shown in fig. 14, a swinging cylinder 125 is inserted into the front half section of the parallel branch, the shaft of the swinging cylinder 125 is linked (or directly connected) with the flywheel 123 through a transmission mechanism-belt transmission 124, and a follow current branch (marked as a dotted line) is led out from a hydraulic pipeline between the electromagnetic switch valve and the swinging cylinder 125 and is connected with a low-pressure accumulator through a check valve; the conducting direction of the check valve is that the low-pressure energy accumulator flows to the position between the electromagnetic switch valve and the swing cylinder; preferably: the swing cylinder 125 is provided with a return spring 141, and the return force of the return spring 141 makes the hydraulic oil on the swing cylinder 125 flow from the end of the swing cylinder near the hydraulic cylinder to the end near the electromagnetic switch valve.

Principle of: as explained in connection with fig. 14 and 11B, when the floating body is falling, the MCU monitors whether the reset of the WECS is finished and whether the floating body reaches the trough through the second sensor 126, and once the floating body reaches the trough, the MCU immediately opens the electromagnetic switch valve and keeps conducting for a period of time deltat 1, because the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 2 in the previous reset process is equal to the pressure of the low-pressure accumulator, when the electromagnetic switch valve is just opened, under the pressure difference of the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator and the pressure of the low-pressure accumulator, the swing cylinder 125 is driven, and simultaneously the flywheel 123 is driven to rotate through the belt transmission mechanism 124, the high-pressure hydraulic energy output by the high-pressure accumulator is partially converted into the kinetic energy of the flywheel 123, and the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 2 is partially increased, so that the hydraulic cylinder 2 is pushed to reset, and thus the floating body is sunk to the pretension effect (as mentioned above). Since the flywheel 123 accelerates from 0, the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 2 is slowly increased, no impact phenomenon caused by sudden increase of the previous pressure is avoided, when the deltat 1 time arrives, the pretension process is only half, but the MCU controls the electromagnetic switch valve to be closed, the flywheel 123 is still rotating, the flywheel 123 drives the swinging cylinder 125 to continue to act, the pressure in the second half section of the parallel branch, namely, the pressure between the swinging cylinder 125 and the electromagnetic switch valve, is rapidly reduced, the hydraulic oil of the low-pressure accumulator is supplemented through the flywheel branch, and thus the swinging cylinder can continuously inject the hydraulic oil into the hydraulic cylinder 2, and the previously stored kinetic energy of the flywheel 123 is fully utilized until the flywheel is stopped. Because the swing cylinder rotates a certain angle in the pre-tightening process, the swing cylinder needs to be reset. The time of resetting is arranged in the working stage of the hydraulic cylinder when the floating body ascends, the MCU can open the electromagnetic switch valve and keep the time delta t2 when knowing that the floating body ascends through the second sensor 126, at the moment, the front end and the rear end of the swing cylinder 125 are both high pressure, one end of the near hydraulic cylinder 2 is equal to the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder, the pressure at one end of the near high pressure accumulator is equal to the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 2 minus the pressure drop of the quasi-check valve, the front end is slightly higher, if the pressure difference acting on the swing cylinder 125 is enough to push the swing cylinder to reset, the reset spring 141 can be omitted, and if the pressure difference is insufficient, the reset force by the reset spring 141 is also needed. After the swing cylinder 125 is reset, the MCU closes the electromagnetic switch valve.

The high pressure side reverse flow preload scheme can be applied to both closed hydraulic systems and open hydraulic systems of WECS.

In addition, the swinging cylinder can be replaced by a pump and a motor (the pump can be used as a motor, such as an axial plunger pump with end face flow distribution), and the pump and the motor can be regarded as the swinging cylinder without rotation angle limitation, so that a reset spring is not needed, a reset spring is also saved, and the MCU does not need to open an electromagnetic switch valve again to complete the reset in the working stage of the hydraulic cylinder when the floating body ascends. For example, fig. 16 shows an embodiment of a pump & motor 127 instead of a swinging cylinder, and is also a case where the high-pressure side backflow pre-tightening scheme is applied to an open hydraulic system, a parallel branch is added beside a calibration check valve of the open hydraulic system of the WECS, and an electromagnetic switch valve is arranged on the branch, and is controlled by an MCU, and the MCU receives a signal from a second sensor 126 for monitoring the state of the WECS. A pump and motor 127 is inserted into the front half section of the parallel branch, the shaft of the pump and motor 127 is connected with the flywheel 123 (or can be linked with the flywheel through a chain/gear/belt type transmission mechanism), and a follow current branch is led out from a hydraulic pipeline between the electromagnetic switch valve and the pump and motor 127 and is connected with an oil tank through a check valve; the direction of conduction of the non-return valve is the direction of the oil tank flowing between the electromagnetic switch valve and the pump & motor 127.

Principle of: the pre-tightening process is the same as the previous, in the trough, the MCU opens the electromagnetic switch valve, the high-pressure hydraulic oil of the high-pressure energy accumulator drives the pump and the motor to enter the hydraulic cylinder 2, the pump and the motor simultaneously drive the flywheel 123 to rotate, the hydraulic energy is partially converted into the kinetic energy of the flywheel 123 in the initial stage of pre-tightening, in the later stage of pre-tightening, the MCU closes the electromagnetic switch valve, the continuously rotating flywheel 123 releases the kinetic energy to drive the pump and the motor 127 to continuously rotate, and the pump and the motor 127 can only pump oil from the oil tank through the check valve of the follow current branch and inject the oil into the hydraulic cylinder 2 because the electromagnetic switch valve is already closed. Since the pump and motor do not need to be reset, the electromagnetic switch valve does not need to be opened again in the working stage of the hydraulic cylinder 2 when the floating body ascends.

For the scheme of high-pressure side backflow type pretightening, the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is increased in the pretightening process, the floating body sinks, the resistance of water (which belongs to movement resistance) is met in the sinking process, and the floating body is subjected to larger and larger buoyancy along with the increase of the sinking depth of the floating body, which belongs to buoyancy resistance. For the externally added accumulator type pretensioning scheme, the pretensioning process is subject to the above-mentioned resistance, and the pressure of the third accumulator 128 is increased.

For the high side reverse flow basic pretensioning scheme (fig. 14) with flywheel + swing cylinder/pump & motor, if there is no freewheel branch, the flywheel will not yet be completely stopped when the electromagnetic switch valve is closed too early, and the inertia of the swing cylinder + flywheel will create negative pressure between the swing cylinder 125 and the electromagnetic switch valve, so the flywheel + swing cylinder/pump & motor should be re-closed after it is stopped (sooner or later because the blocked force is greater when the float is sinking). At this time, the inertia of the swinging cylinder and the flywheel may cause excessive pre-tightening (the draft of the floating body after pre-tightening even exceeds the draft of the floating body when the wave rises and the hydraulic cylinder works, which is certainly only possible, but not necessarily the case, because if the resistance of the water borne by the floating body is strong enough and the inertia of the swinging cylinder and the flywheel is insufficient, the draft of the floating body required when the hydraulic cylinder works may not be reached yet), but the pre-tightening effect is achieved. So that the freewheel is not necessary if only for pretensioning purposes (again, the freewheel is not necessary for fig. 16, 23, indicated by a dashed line).

It should be noted, however, that if the solenoid valve is closed too late, the hydraulic oil that was forced into the hydraulic cylinder will begin to return to the high pressure accumulator, and the MCU should estimate the time or reference the signal from the second sensor 126 to help determine the point in time at which the solenoid valve is closed, considering that there will be losses in the swing cylinder/pump & motor, or to avoid this as much as possible.

Regarding the various pretensioning systems of the present specification, the following four points need to be described:

1) The MCU opens a series of processing flows of the electromagnetic switch valve, which are discussed on the premise that the wave height does not exceed the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder, namely the rope control device is not triggered, but the effect achieved by the hydraulic pre-tightening scheme is explained and clarified, and if the wave height exceeds the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder, the rope control device is triggered, the MCU can distinguish the situation in the program;

2) Under the wave condition of simple surge, the MCU can judge wave crests and wave troughs easily, and under the wave conditions of stormy waves and miscellaneous waves, the conditions of false wave troughs (namely, the floating body is suspended in falling and continues to fall), false wave heights (namely, the floating body is suspended in rising and continues to rise), and the MCU can misjudge at the moment, so the MCU can find out rules by combining the previous tens or even more wave empirical data, and further improve the judging accuracy.

3) Preferably: the MCU receives data from the outside or manually sent setting parameters through the wireless communication module, and the data or the parameters refer to the data from the marine environment monitoring buoy, so that the MCU can more accurately master the current wave condition information. When the wave generators of a plurality of arrays are operated together, the second sensor data of the wave generators can be shared, the MCU of the wave generator serving as the front of the head on waves can send the data monitored by the second sensor to other wave generators through the wireless data transmission module, and the rear wave generators combine the data monitored by the second sensor with the data of the second sensor of the wave generator of the front of the head on waves, so that the coming wave condition can be better mastered, and the time point of the electromagnetic switch valve/reversing branch can be better mastered and controlled.

4) The operation of the pretension and the operation of utilizing the residual net buoyancy force during the wave crest can influence the working states of the sea surface assembly and the hydraulic cylinder, the MCU is used for distinguishing the influence caused by the pretension operation from the change of the second sensor data caused by the wave motion during the program writing, and the MCU program is definitely in the state during the period of pretension/residual net buoyancy force acting, and cannot judge the pretension working condition as a reset phase of wave falling and cannot judge the residual net buoyancy force acting condition as an acting phase of wave rising.

The present specification also employs a control schedule to assist the skilled artisan in understanding the various technical solutions. The meaning of the symbols in the timing diagram is explained first.

The first and second columns are MCU judges the working state of wave surface and sea surface assembly according to the second sensor, and then operate them according to the working symbol of reversing branch or electromagnetic switch valve in the table in each stage. The third column shows the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder at each stage, and the fourth column shows the pressure of the high-pressure accumulator/third accumulator at each stage. The pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is positively correlated with the tension of the energy collecting cable, and the tension trend of the energy collecting cable can be judged according to the pressure trend of the hydraulic cylinder.

> >: the former value is changed gradually to the latter value. And (2) the following steps: the electromagnetic switch valve is opened. X: the electromagnetic switch valve is closed. ∈ -: for the reversing branch, the MCU controls the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve to enable the unidirectional conduction direction of the reversing branch to flow into the hydraulic cylinder; by oscillating cylinder or pump & motor is meant its internal hydraulic oil flow to the hydraulic cylinder. ∈ and just and ≡on the contrary. 0: the flow rate of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil pump is 0, namely, the hydraulic oil pump stops. And (3) a step of: the one-way valve is in a conducting state.

Fig. 3B, 7A, 7C, 21, 22 … … to 27 all list control timing charts, it should be noted that: in this example, the pressure drop loss of the valve, the pressure drop loss in the middle of the pipeline, and the mechanical friction are ignored, the pressure change (generally, the larger the capacity is, the smaller the change amplitude is) of the high-pressure accumulator in one wave period is ignored, and the numerical values in the control timing table are intended to be examples, but not limited to the numerical values only, to help understand the working principle thereof. If a boost cylinder is used, this is exemplified by the boost ratio k=2. The following illustrates how these control schedules are interpreted.

Fig. 7A and 7B illustrate a high pressure side return pretensioning system using a booster cylinder, suitable for WECS in fig. 4.

The first stage: the MCU judges that the floating body 1 falls along with the waves according to the second sensor, hydraulic oil flows to the hydraulic cylinder from the low-pressure energy accumulator (the internal pressure is 0.5 Mpa), the hydraulic cylinder 2 is in a resetting stage, the internal pressure is 0.5Mpa, and the pressure of the high-pressure energy accumulator is 10Mpa. The MCU controlled electromagnetic switch valve is in an X state at the moment, and is in a cut-off state to the branch.

And a second stage: the MCU knows from the second sensor that the float 1 is no longer falling, determines that the float 1 is in the trough, at this time, controls the electromagnetic switch valve to be v, i.e. opens the electromagnetic switch valve, at this time hydraulic oil flows from the high pressure accumulator to the hydraulic cylinder, because the plunger rod 3 is connected to the rope control device 79, when the rope control device is not active, the height of the plunger rod 3 is unchanged, so only the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is lowered, then the float connected to the cylinder body starts to descend, the draft increases, the net buoyancy increases, and the tension of the energy collecting rope increases. When the stage is finished, the two sides of the booster cylinder are balanced, the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is increased to 5Mpa (the booster ratio k=2), and the tension of the energy collecting cable is improved at the moment, so that the pre-tightening effect is achieved.

And a third stage: the MCU judges that the floating body 1 is in the ascending stage according to the second sensor, immediately closes the electromagnetic valve, and the parallel branch is in the cut-off state. At this time, WECS is in working phase, and high-pressure hydraulic oil flows from the hydraulic cylinder to the high-pressure accumulator.

Fourth stage: the MCU judges that the floating body 1 is in a wave crest state according to the fact that the second sensor knows that the floating body 1 is not lifted any more, and immediately opens the electromagnetic valve. At the beginning of the stage, the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is still 10Mpa in the working stage, and the pressure is amplified to 20Mpa by the booster cylinder and is more than 10Mpa in the high-pressure accumulator. So that the hydraulic oil flows from the hydraulic cylinder to the high-pressure accumulator, the floating body 1 rises, and the draft is reduced. The pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 2 starts to drop, and the pulling force of the energy collection cable slowly decreases. The work done by the floating body on the hydraulic cylinder by the residual net buoyancy in the process is converted into hydraulic energy. When equilibrium is reached, the pressure of the high pressure accumulator remains almost unchanged at 10Mpa and the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder drops to 5Mpa, 5Mpa x 2 on the left side of the booster cylinder being equal to 10Mpa on the right side.

And then back to the first stage, and so on.

Next, referring to fig. 2, the explanation is given to fig. 24 and 24A, starting from the first row in the time schedule, when the floating body of the wave generator falls along with the wave, the energy collecting rope is in the state of minimum tension, and when the pressure of the low-pressure accumulator is 0.5Mpa (the pressure drop of the admission check valve is not considered temporarily), the hydraulic oil enters the hydraulic cylinder and resets the hydraulic cylinder. When the MCU monitors that the floating body falls through the second sensor 126 and the hydraulic cylinder is resetting, the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve in the reversing branch is controlled, so that the hydraulic oil in the third energy accumulator cannot enter the hydraulic cylinder because the pressure of the third energy accumulator is 8Mpa and is far greater than the internal pressure of the hydraulic cylinder by 0.5 Mpa.

In the second stage of the time schedule, when the floating body falls to the trough, the wave surface is not lifted, the pulling force of the energy collection cable is still small, the energy collection cable is in a loose state, and the draft of the floating body is minimum. The MCU monitors that the current is in the trough through the second sensor 126, and immediately switches the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve in the reversing branch, so that the unidirectional conduction direction of the reversing branch is reversed to ∈10, namely: only the flow into the hydraulic cylinder is allowed. Hydraulic oil can enter the hydraulic cylinder (0.5 Mpa) from the third energy accumulator (8 Mpa) through the reversing branch. The pressure in the hydraulic cylinder gradually rises from 0.5Mpa, the piston of the hydraulic cylinder is pushed to rise relative to the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder, and the piston rod is connected with the underwater relative movement reference object through the energy collecting rope, so that the piston rod cannot rise, namely the cylinder body only descends, the hydraulic cylinder body is arranged on the floating body, the floating body sinks, the draft is increased, the buoyancy is increased, and the energy collecting rope is tensioned, so that the pre-tightening purpose is achieved. By the way, the swing cylinder 125 is driven, and the swing cylinder 125 is connected with the flywheel 123, so that the inertia is large, the hydraulic energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the flywheel in the first half period of the pre-tightening, and the kinetic energy of the flywheel enables the swing cylinder 125 to rotate continuously in the second half period of the pre-tightening, so that the hydraulic oil is pushed to flow forwards continuously, the internal hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is enabled to exceed the pressure balance point (such as 5 Mpa) between the hydraulic cylinder and the third energy accumulator, and the pressure is increased from 5Mpa to 7Mpa. (if the swing cylinder and flywheel are not shown in the figure, although the pretensioning purpose can be achieved, the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic cylinder cannot be raised to 7Mpa, and may be only 5 Mpa). At this time, the pressure of the third accumulator also falls to 3Mpa. At this time, the kinetic energy of the swing cylinder and flywheel is exhausted, and the rotation is stopped. Although the hydraulic pressure 7Mpa in the hydraulic cylinder is greater than the hydraulic pressure 3Mpa in the third accumulator, the reversing branch only allows hydraulic oil to flow to the hydraulic cylinder and to stop in the reverse direction, so that the hydraulic oil stops flowing.

And looking at the third stage of the time schedule, the next wave comes, the wave pushes the floating body to ascend for doing work, the hydraulic cylinder reaches the working pressure of 10Mpa at the moment, the reversing branch is still in the previous state, and the hydraulic oil of the new hydraulic branch is still static.

Looking again at the fourth stage, when the floating body reaches the bottom wave crest, the wave can not push the floating body to rise any more, the speed of the floating body in the vertical direction is 0, but the floating body still has deep draft, and residual net buoyancy is present (the net buoyancy=the buoyancy suffered by the floating body at the moment minus the gravity of the floating body). The MCU monitors the situation through the second sensor and immediately switches the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve, so that the one-way conduction direction ∈ of the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve is as follows: and flows out of the hydraulic cylinder. At this time, the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is 10Mpa, the hydraulic pressure of the third accumulator is 3Mpa, and the hydraulic oil of the hydraulic cylinder flows to the third accumulator, so that the pressure of the third accumulator increases and the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder decreases. The hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder flows out to cause the cylinder body to rise, the draft of the floating body is reduced, and the residual net buoyancy in the process converts the work done by the floating body into the pressure energy of the third energy accumulator. The flow of hydraulic oil also drives the swinging cylinder by the way, so that the inertia of the flow of the hydraulic oil is large, and after the pressure balance point of the hydraulic cylinder and the third energy accumulator is crossed, the hydraulic oil still flows to the third energy accumulator under the action of the swinging cylinder and the flywheel, so that the net buoyancy is utilized to do work more fully (if the swinging cylinder and the flywheel are not arranged in the figure, the net buoyancy can be utilized to do work, but the effect may not be as good). Eventually, the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder gradually decreases from 10Mpa to 3Mpa, and the pressure of the third accumulator increases from 3Mpa to 8Mpa. And then to the float drop stage again, and so on.

Fig. 26 and 26A are described below in connection with the single-float differential pressure reset B-mode WECS of fig. 7. Firstly, the floating body falls along with the wave, at the moment, the energy collecting rope is loosened, the floating body has small draft, the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is only 0.5Mpa, and the pressure in the high-pressure energy accumulator is 10Mpa. The unidirectional conduction direction of the reversing branch controlled by the MCU at the moment is ∈and is: out of the cylinder, it is not possible for the parallel branch to flow from 0.5Mpa to 10Mpa, so the flow is stopped.

When the floating body reaches the trough along with the waves, the floating body stops falling at the moment, the vertical speed is 0, the floating body is static relative to the reverse L rigid frame (namely a component moving relative to the floating body), and the MCU monitors the situation and immediately switches the reversing branch so that the unidirectional conduction direction of the reversing branch is ≡, namely the reversing branch flows into the hydraulic cylinder. At this time, hydraulic oil flows from the high-pressure accumulator of 10MPa to the hydraulic cylinder 2 through the parallel branch, sequentially through the reversing branch, the pump and motor 127 and the pressurizing cylinder 147, so that the cylinder body descends relative to the plunger rod, the plunger rod is connected with the inverted-L rigid frame, and the inverted-L rigid frame is connected with the underwater relative motion reference object through the energy collecting rope, so that the plunger rod cannot ascend, the cylinder body descends, and the floating body descends due to the fact that the cylinder body is arranged on the floating body, the draft is increased, the buoyancy is increased, the energy collecting rope pulling force is increased, and the pre-tightening effect is achieved. At the same time, the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 2 is gradually increased from 0.5Mpa, and the capacity of the high-pressure accumulator is large, so that the pressure change is small, and is neglected here. Under the action of the rotational inertia of the pump & motor + flywheel 123, the hydraulic oil still continues to flow to the cylinder after reaching the equilibrium point (assuming an equilibrium point cylinder pressure = 10Mpa/2 = 5 Mpa). Of course, if the pump and the motor 127+the flywheel 123 are not arranged in the figure, a certain pre-tightening effect can be achieved, but inertia is not generated, the pre-tightening effect is reduced, and finally the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder rises to 7Mpa, although 7×2Mpa is already greater than 10Mpa of the high-pressure accumulator, the reversing branch is ≡at the moment, and only the hydraulic oil is allowed to flow into the hydraulic cylinder, so that the hydraulic oil cannot return to the high-pressure accumulator from the hydraulic cylinder.

Then, the working stage that the wave pushes the floating body to rise is carried out, the reversing branch is still kept unchanged, the internal pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is 10Mpa, the high-pressure accumulator is also 10Mpa, and because the reversing branch is still ≡, hydraulic oil can only enter the high-pressure accumulator through the quasi-outlet one-way valve (the pressure drop of the valve is not considered here).

When the floating body reaches the wave crest, the wave can not push the floating body to move upwards, the vertical speed of the floating body is 0, the MCU monitors the situation, and the state of the switching-over branch circuit is ∈immediately, namely: and flows out of the hydraulic cylinder. At this time, the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is 10Mpa, and the hydraulic cylinder is pressurized by the pressurizing cylinder 147, so that the pressure of 20Mpa can be generated on the right side of the pressurizing cylinder 147. And because the pressure of the high-pressure accumulator is 10Mpa, hydraulic oil flows from the hydraulic cylinder to the high-pressure accumulator through the parallel branch. Because the capacity of the high-pressure accumulator is relatively large, the pressure change amplitude is small (neglected in this case), and the outflow of hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder leads to the lifting of the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder relative to the plunger, namely, the lowering of the draft of the floating body, the lowering of the pulling force of the energy recovery cable and the rapid lowering of the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic cylinder from 10Ma to 3Mpa. The process still benefits from the rotation inertia of the pump, the motor and the flywheel, so that the hydraulic oil can continue to flow to the high-pressure accumulator after the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is reduced to 5MPa at the balance point, the residual net buoyancy is utilized to do work more fully, and if the pump, the motor and the flywheel are not used, the residual net buoyancy can be utilized, and the effect is poor. And then to the float drop stage again, and so on. In addition, the positions of the boost cylinder, pump & motor, reversing leg in fig. 26 are interchangeable.

For the hydraulic systems of fig. 3 and 7, and the illustrations of fig. 7A, 7C, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 and 27, the hydraulic cylinder 2, the piston cylinder and the plunger cylinder are shown to be interchangeable, the oil tank and the low-pressure accumulator are also interchangeable, the swing cylinder and the pump & motor are also interchangeable, and the alternate embodiment is also operable and achieves a pretension effect (but needs to be matched with the actual requirements of WECS); the electromagnetic switch valve can be replaced by a reversing branch, when the MCU is to be turned off, the conducting direction of the reversing branch is only required to be opposite to the pressure direction (the pressure direction is that a high-pressure area points to a low-pressure area), and when the MCU is required to be turned on, the conducting direction of the reversing branch is only required to be consistent with the pressure direction of hydraulic oil. For example, fig. 3B is a control timing chart after the electromagnetic switch valve in fig. 3 is replaced by a reversing branch, in the stage of falling of the floating body, the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is 0.5Mpa, the high-pressure accumulator is 10Mpa, the parallel branch should be in a cut-off state, and the reversing branch is about to be opposite to the pressure direction, namely ∈ (only the hydraulic cylinder is quasi-flowing out). In the trough stage, the parallel branch should be in an open state, and the reversing branch should follow the pressure, namely +. In the working phase of the rising of the floating body, the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is 10Mpa (the pressure drop of the 10+ quasi-outlet check valve is really needed to be ignored here), and the pressure of the high-pressure accumulator is 10Mpa, because the reversing branch is also pressure drop, hydraulic oil is the same from the hydraulic cylinder to the high-pressure accumulator and from the quasi-outlet check valve or from the reversing branch, the state of the reversing branch is random at the moment, but for the swinging cylinder with spring reset, the state of the reversing branch is equal to ∈ when the swinging cylinder is reset under the action of the reset spring. In the peak stage, because the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is lower than 10Mpa, and the high-pressure accumulator is still 10Mpa, to prevent the high-pressure hydraulic oil from flowing back, the parallel branch should be in a cut-off state, i.e. the reversing branch should be against the pressure, i.e. ∈.

Likewise, the reversing branches in the illustrations mentioned in the preceding paragraph can also be replaced by solenoid-operated switching valves. In addition to the switching function, the reversing branch has one more function than the electromagnetic switching valve, namely automatic check, if the function of the reversing branch is used in the embodiment (for example, the embodiment of a swinging cylinder/pump & motor is used, the flow of hydraulic oil passes through a balance point due to inertia of a flywheel, the check function of the reversing branch automatically prevents the backflow of the hydraulic oil), and after the reversing branch is replaced by the electromagnetic switching valve, the MCU can determine the optimal moment for closing the electromagnetic switching valve (preventing backflow) through preset delay (estimation). Because of the relative motion of the float and the member moving relative to the float, and the relative flow of hydraulic fluid to and from the hydraulic cylinder, the MCU can also refer to the information from the second sensor 126 to determine the optimal timing for the closing event.

In addition, in fig. 22, a pressure cylinder is inserted in the new hydraulic branch between the third accumulator 128 and the reversing branch, which belongs to the pre-tightening scheme V. The introduction of the boost cylinder may cause the hydraulic power response of the third accumulator 128 to change, and the skilled person may achieve the desired performance with the aid of the boost cylinder.

Section VI: the anchor hanging technique is described in CN107255060 a, and includes the following:

1) And (3) directly connecting a hanging anchor: referring to fig. 17, one buoy A, C is moored on each side of the buoy B, each with one cable 57 attached at the other end to the gravity anchor 17 of the WECS; the gravitational anchor 17 below the float D in fig. 18 is also a direct-connected hanging anchor.

2) Pulley hanging anchor: referring to fig. 17, a buoy 59 is moored at each side of the floating body D, two ends of a cable 57 are respectively tied on the two buoys 59, the middle part of the cable 57 bypasses a pulley 56 close to the gravity anchor 17, the pulley frame bottom end of the pulley 56 is connected with the top surface of the gravity anchor 17 of the WECS, the energy recovery cable 30 which is originally connected with the gravity anchor 17 from above is connected to the top end of the pulley frame 56 instead, and the gravity anchor below the WECS floating body G and the gravity anchor below the WECS floating body B in fig. 18 are pulley hanging anchors.

3) Double-cableway hanging anchor: the gravity anchor is a flat cube, a pulley is respectively arranged at four vertexes of the top surface of the gravity anchor, thus two pairs of pulleys are respectively arranged at two opposite sides of the top surface of the gravity anchor, each pair of pulleys (two) at opposite sides respectively roll on one cableway, the two cableways are combined into one strand at the left side of the gravity anchor and wind around one pulley, and the pulley frame of the pulley is connected with a cable for suspending the gravity anchor at the left side, and the right side is also the same. The pulleys on two sides divide the pulling force of the buoy on the cable into two cableways, and the two cableways provide upward pulling force for the pulleys which pass through the pulleys and are arranged on two sides of the gravity anchor, so that the gravity anchor is suspended in water.

4) Side winding hanging anchor: the gravity anchor is a horizontally-placed cube, the upper parts of the front side and the rear side of the gravity anchor are respectively provided with a cable guide, two vertical edges on the right side of the gravity anchor are provided with two guide pulleys, a cable sequentially passes through the rear cable guide, the guide pulley bypassing the right rear edge, the guide pulley at the right front edge and the front cable guide, and the distances between the two cable guides and the two guide pulleys are equal to the distance between the top surfaces of the gravity anchor. The suspension cable is wound around the gravity anchor, and the force acting point is on the cable guides at two sides. It is obvious that the gravity anchor can slide along the cable by means of the fairlead, the guide pulley.

5) Stretcher hanging anchor: the two rigid rods are parallel, the end faces of the two rigid rods are aligned and respectively pass through two through transverse through holes of the gravity anchor at a certain distance, the left ends of the two rigid rods are fixedly connected with one steel frame, the right ends of the two rigid rods are fixedly connected with the other steel frame, the suspension cable ropes on the two sides are respectively connected with the steel frames on the two sides through V-shaped ropes, namely, the two vertexes of the V-shaped ropes are connected with the two ends of the steel frame, and the bottom ends of the V-shaped ropes are connected with suspension cables. The suspension ropes at the two sides provide upward pulling force for the two hard straight rods, and the hard straight rods give upward lifting force to the gravity anchors, similar to a stretcher. The gravity anchor can slide left and right by taking the hard straight rod as a guide rail.

The three hanging anchor schemes 3), 4) and 5) are that the other ends of the hanging cables at the two sides of the gravity anchor are respectively connected with two buoys which are moored at a certain distance on the water surface, and the floating body of the wave generator is positioned between the two buoys, which is the same as the hanging anchor schemes 1) and 2). For the five suspension anchor schemes described above, the wet weight of the gravity anchor (gravity minus buoyancy) is greater than the upward pull of the WECS when doing work, and the maximum available buoyancy of the two buoys is greater than the wet weight of the gravity anchor, preferably with sufficient redundancy.

Preferably: the above various anchor solutions, the float is connected to the buoy by a rope 44 (fig. 17, 18). Thus, the floating bodies are integrally pulled by each other, and the floating bodies can be pulled by the buoys at the two sides when moving, so that the floating bodies are prevented from deviating too much. Thereby avoiding the movement of the gravity anchor under the float to a limit following sideways. Further preferred is: a weight 51 is tied in the middle of the rope 44 to provide a buffer, or a tension spring 33 is connected in series to replace the weight 51.

The above is the hanging anchor scheme. For the pre-tightening hydraulic system of the WECS, if the pre-tightening hydraulic system is unstable, the MCU of the pre-tightening hydraulic system of the WECS is unfavorable for judging the working state of the WECS better, because the relative motion of the WECS floating body and the gravity anchor in motion is more complex than the relative motion of the WECS floating body in motion and the gravity anchor in stability, for example, the floating body falls down along with waves at some time, and the gravity anchor falls down at a faster speed, at the moment, the floating body is in a state of acting relatively to the gravity anchor, and the MCU is difficult to judge which state the WECS is in, so that the hanging anchor (the suspended gravity anchor) is required to be kept stable as much as possible, and the following three specific measures are improved aiming at the hanging anchor technology.

For the hanging anchor scheme, it is preferred that: referring to fig. 18, the float (A, C, E) is an elongated capsule shape, and the connection point to the float is located at the center point of the outer surface of one end of the capsule. For the same volume of the long and thin capsule-shaped buoy and the flat buoy, the buoyancy change caused by the up-and-down fluctuation of the waves is definitely small. Thus, the hanging anchor can be more stable.

Preferably: the bottom of the gravity anchor in the hanging anchor is fixedly connected with a horizontal damping plate, and the gravity anchor is positioned above the center of the damping plate. The function is: the gravity anchor can be stable in the vertical direction by utilizing the resistance of water encountered by the motion of the damping plate in the water.

Preferably: the middle part of the cable 57 suspending the gravity anchor 17 is replaced by a tension spring 104 (fig. 18), which functions to: the linked motion characteristics of the gravity anchor 17 and the buoy 59 from which it is suspended are changed so that the gravity anchor and the suspended buoy may be out of sync, the spring acting as a buffer. Supplementing: if the suspension cable itself is very elastic, such as nylon, it can be equivalently spring loaded.

In the case of only the damping plate 97 without the damping of the tension springs 104 on the suspension cable, if the suspension cable 59 is too rigid, the buoy is impacted by waves at the sea surface because the movement of the gravity anchor with the damping plate is subject to great resistance by the water, which results in a very high impact force on the suspension cable, which is further preferred to solve this problem: the suspension anchor technology adopts the scheme of the buffer tension spring and the damping plate, so that the impact force on a suspension cable can be greatly reduced.

In addition, the hanging anchor has no damping plate and can increase the effect of the relative motion amplitude between the floating body and the gravity anchor (CN 107255060A, paragraph [0207 ]), and can have no damping plate for relatively simple wave conditions such as surge, and the damping plate is needed under the surge, thereby being beneficial to the judgment of the pretensioning system on the working state, so that in order to achieve the two effects, the damping plate can be designed to be electrically unfolded or folded, and the scheme adopted is as follows (see figure 19):

electric push-pull damping plate: just replacing a glass plate with a steel plate as in the structure of a power sliding door or a power window on an automobile on the market;

electric folding damping plate: the solar cell panel comprises a folding steel plate and a driving motor, and is the same as a folding solar cell panel on a satellite, and the material of the cell panel is replaced by the steel plate;

electric shutter type damping plate: the air conditioner comprises a shutter and a driving motor, and is the same as the structure of the wall-mounted household air conditioner for adjusting the air outlet direction, and only the shutter is selected as a steel plate material;

the electric damping plates are symmetrical at the front side, the rear side, the left side and the right side of the gravity anchor so as to keep the stress balance, the driving motor is a direct current motor, positive and negative wires of the driving motor extend upwards and are drilled into the floating body, the electric power is provided by a battery in the floating body, and the single chip microcomputer in the floating body controls the driving motor to rotate forwards, reversely and stop.

Fig. 20 is a control flow of the electric control damping plate, the MCU receives a manual command through the wireless data module, and then controls forward rotation/reverse rotation/stop of the servo motor through the servo circuit module, and the servo motor drives the electric damping plate to be unfolded or folded.

For a wave-generator using a hanging anchor (broadly, all wave-generators using hanging anchors are not only mentioned in the present specification), it is preferable that: referring to fig. 18, after the cable 12 from the WECS generator is drilled out of the floating body 1, it runs along the rope 44 between the floating bodies (WECS floating body B, buoy C, WECS floating body D in the middle), and is partly spirally wound on the rope 44, or partly in the form of a spiral cable 121, the spiral cable 21 is sleeved on the rope 44, so that the cable 12 must have a certain degree of elongation capability because the rope between the floating bodies stretches under the pulse tension, and the cable 12 should have a relatively large relative dislocation with the rope 44, so that the spiral cable can meet the requirement and has high reliability.

Preferably: the cable 12 from the wave generator is drilled out of the floating body and then extends along the rope 44, and the cable passes through a rotary 148/universal joint/spherical hinge 149 power connector; the method comprises the following steps: the cable is connected at the just drilled float or at the weight 51 tied in the middle of the rope to one terminal of a swivel/gimbal/ball-and-socket power connector, the other terminal of which connects to one end of another length of cable 12. The swivel power connector/universal joint/ball and socket power connector is mounted on the rope at the float/weight tie point, see ball and socket power connector 149 and swivel power connector 148 to the left of float B in fig. 18. Further preferred swivel/universal joint/ball and socket power connectors are waterproof.

For a plurality of wave generators (all of which are wave generators using a hanging anchor, not only referred to in this specification) distributed from left to right and connected together in series by ropes, it is preferable that: the generators of the wave generators are all direct current generators, wherein two cables led out from the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a certain wave generator are drilled out of the floating body, the left side and the right side (the positive electrode is left and the negative electrode is right) of each wave generator extend along the rope, the left positive cable is connected with the negative cable of the left adjacent wave generator, the right negative cable is connected with the positive cable of the right adjacent wave generator, and therefore the direct current generators of the three wave generators are connected in series (B, D in fig. 18).

For the purposes of this specification, the following paragraphs are preferred: all the shells of the floating body and the rope control mechanism in the specification can be steel/glass fiber reinforced plastic/high-density polyethylene shells, for example, Q235; all parts of the present description, except for the hydraulic system, gravity anchors, electrical parts, generators, ropes, cables, rollers of the fairlead and parts to be deformed during operation, may be of steel material, such as carbon steel (preferably Q235) or stainless steel; the roller on the cable guide can be made of nylon material; the rope used as a power cord as referred to in this specification, and in some embodiments the rope used to connect the end of the piston rod to the top end of the cord control mechanism, may be selected from high strength, high modulus materials such as UHMWPE, preferably for wear reduction: a sleeve made of wear-resistant soft material (such as rubber) can be covered outside; other ropes, cables, and ropes in this specification may be PP/polyethylene/nylon ropes; all bearings mentioned in the specification (including the bearings in the guide roller and the double roller guide cable clamp) can be copper-based graphite self-lubricating bearings/ceramic bearings; means in terms of corrosion protection: if the shell of the floating body and the rope control mechanism is made of steel, a steel shell covered by glass fiber reinforced plastic/polyurea/high-density polyethylene, or a sacrificial anode protection method or paint spraying on the appearance can be adopted; the gravity anchor, the counterweight and the weight can be made of cement blocks/iron blocks. The rope/cable connection to other rigid components of the present description may be in the form of a heart-piece that mates with a U-shaped loop on the other rigid component.

Hydraulic and electrical system aspects: the electromagnetic switch valve can adopt a direct-acting type/step-by-step direct-acting type/pilot type, and preferably a normally closed type is selected; the energy accumulator (comprising a third energy accumulator, a high-pressure energy accumulator and a low-pressure energy accumulator) can adopt an air bag type/piston type/diaphragm type/spring type, preferably a piston type (belonging to the class of gas loading); the hydraulic oil pipe can be made of steel wires or clamped cloth, and if the oil pipe does not move, a steel pipe can also be used; the generator can adopt a permanent magnet brushless direct current or alternating current generator, the hydraulic motor can adopt an axial plunger motor with end face flow distribution, the swinging cylinder adopts a gear rack type/vane type/spiral type, and the oil supplementing pump can adopt a cycloid pump; the cable is a copper/aluminum cable.

The tank mentioned in the present specification and the drawings may be an open tank, but because the floating body swings on the sea surface, a closed tank may be used to prevent hydraulic oil from spilling, and there are inflatable and isolated tanks, but isolated tanks are preferable.

In order to ensure the voltage stability of the generator, the rotation speed of the generator is required to be stable, and the output flow of the hydraulic cylinder under high waves and low waves is different. The hydraulic motor mentioned in the specification can be an electrohydraulic variable motor, and the single-chip microcomputer controls the displacement of the variable motor according to the voltage output by the generator so as to realize the basic stability of the rotation speeds of the motor and the generator under different flow rates. A fixed-weight hydraulic motor may also be used, but a transmission is interposed between the hydraulic motor and the generator; but preferably, the speed can be changed in an electric control way, the singlechip controls the transmission ratio of the electric control speed changer according to the voltage of the generator, and the rotating speed of the hydraulic motor is influenced by wave conditions, but the rotating speed of the generator is still kept stable by changing the transmission ratio.

Claims

1. The wave generator comprises a wave energy collection and conversion system, wherein the wave energy collection and conversion system comprises a sea surface assembly, an energy collection cable and an underwater relative motion reference object, the sea surface assembly is a single-floating-body spring reset type/single-floating-body differential pressure reset type/double-floating-body gravity reset type, the sea surface assembly comprises a floating body, a component moving relative to the floating body, a hydraulic system and a generator, the hydraulic system is divided into a closed circulation way and an open circulation way, and the closed circulation way is as follows: the hydraulic cylinder, the quasi-outlet check valve, the high-pressure accumulator, the hydraulic motor, the low-pressure accumulator and the admission check valve; the open circulation route is as follows: the hydraulic cylinder, the quasi-outlet check valve, the high-pressure accumulator, the hydraulic motor, the oil tank and the quasi-inlet check valve; the method is characterized in that: the device also comprises a pre-tightening system, wherein the hardware part of the pre-tightening system is specifically as follows; a new hydraulic branch is led out from a hydraulic pipeline at an oil inlet and an oil outlet of a hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic system, and the new hydraulic branch passes through an electromagnetic switch valve/an electric switch valve and is connected with a third energy accumulator at the end point; the singlechip/PLC controls the switching action of the electromagnetic switch valve/the electric switch valve according to the signal received from the second sensor for monitoring the working state/the wave surface state of the sea surface assembly;

Or the electromagnetic switch valve is replaced by a reversing branch, specifically: a new hydraulic branch is led out from a hydraulic pipeline at an oil inlet and an oil outlet of a hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic system, and the new hydraulic branch passes through a reversing branch and is connected with a third energy accumulator at the end point; the reversing branch circuit specifically comprises: an electromagnetic two-position four-way valve has the working state that: p > > A, B > > T or P > > B, A > > T, then adding a branch comprising a third one-way valve to connect the B, A port to form a B > > third one-way valve > > A branch, and then accessing the P, T port of the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve into the new hydraulic branch, namely replacing the port connected with the electromagnetic switch valve; and the singlechip/PLC controls the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve according to signals received from a second sensor for monitoring the working state/wave surface state of the sea surface assembly.

2. The wave generator comprises a wave energy collection and conversion system, wherein the wave energy collection and conversion system comprises a sea surface assembly, an energy collection cable and an underwater relative motion reference object, the sea surface assembly is a single-floating-body spring reset type/single-floating-body differential pressure reset type/double-floating-body gravity reset type, the sea surface assembly comprises a floating body, a component moving relative to the floating body, a hydraulic system and a generator, the hydraulic system is divided into a closed circulation way and an open circulation way, and the closed circulation way is as follows: the hydraulic cylinder, the quasi-outlet check valve, the high-pressure accumulator, the hydraulic motor, the low-pressure accumulator and the admission check valve; the open circulation route is as follows: the hydraulic cylinder, the quasi-outlet check valve, the high-pressure accumulator, the hydraulic motor, the oil tank and the quasi-inlet check valve; the method is characterized in that: the device also comprises a pre-tightening system, and the hardware part of the pre-tightening system is specifically as follows: a new hydraulic branch, namely a parallel branch, is connected in parallel beside the quasi-outlet one-way valve of the hydraulic system, the front end and the rear end of the parallel branch are respectively connected with the hydraulic pipeline where the two ends of the quasi-outlet one-way valve are positioned, an electromagnetic switch valve/an electric switch valve is arranged on the parallel branch, and a singlechip/PLC controls the switch action of the electromagnetic switch valve/the electric switch valve according to the signal received from a second sensor for monitoring the working state/the wave surface state of the sea surface assembly;

Or the electromagnetic switch valve is replaced by a reversing branch, specifically: a new hydraulic branch, namely a parallel branch, is connected in parallel beside the quasi-outlet one-way valve of the hydraulic system, the front end and the rear end of the parallel branch are respectively connected with the hydraulic pipelines where the two ends of the quasi-outlet one-way valve are positioned, and a reversing branch is arranged on the parallel branch; the reversing branch circuit specifically comprises: an electromagnetic two-position four-way valve has the working state that: p > A, B > T or P > B, A > T, then adding a branch comprising a third one-way valve to connect the B, A port to form a B > third one-way valve > A branch, and then accessing the P, T port of the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve into the parallel branch, namely replacing the port connected with the electromagnetic switch valve; the singlechip/PLC controls the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve according to signals received from a second sensor for monitoring the working state/wave surface state of the sea surface assembly;

and the electromagnetic switch valve/the electric switch valve/the reversing branch is used as a demarcation point, a section of the parallel branch, which is close to the hydraulic cylinder, is defined as a first half section, and a section of the parallel branch, which is close to the high-pressure energy accumulator, is defined as a second half section.

3. The buoyancy unidirectional acting wave generator of claim 1, wherein: the algorithm of the singlechip/PLC comprises the following operations:

When the singlechip/PLC judges that the floating body is positioned at the trough after the falling through the second sensor: the singlechip/PLC opens the electromagnetic switch valve/the electric switch valve for a period of time, so that hydraulic oil of the third energy accumulator can flow to the hydraulic cylinder, and then is closed; or the singlechip/PLC controls the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve in the reversing branch by switching, so that the unidirectional conduction direction of the reversing branch is reversed and is changed into a state of flowing from the third energy accumulator to the hydraulic cylinder;

and when judging that the floating body is at the peak after the rising is finished: the singlechip/PLC opens the electromagnetic switch valve/the electric switch valve for a period of time, so that the hydraulic oil of the hydraulic cylinder can flow to the third energy accumulator, and then is closed; or the singlechip/PLC controls the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve in the reversing branch by switching, so that the unidirectional conduction direction of the reversing branch is reversed, and the unidirectional conduction direction of the reversing branch is changed into the direction from the hydraulic cylinder to the third energy accumulator.

4. The buoyancy unidirectional acting wave generator of claim 2, wherein: the algorithm of the singlechip/PLC comprises the following operations:

for a pre-tightening system with an electromagnetic switch valve/an electric switch valve, when the singlechip/PLC judges that the floating body is at the trough after the falling end through the second sensor, the singlechip/PLC opens the electromagnetic switch valve/the electric switch valve which is originally in a closed state, so that hydraulic oil can flow back to the hydraulic cylinder from the high-pressure accumulator;

For the pretension system with the reversing branch, when the singlechip/PLC judges that the floating body is in the trough after the falling is finished through the second sensor, the singlechip/PLC performs switching control on the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve in the reversing branch, so that the unidirectional conduction direction of the reversing branch is reversed, and the unidirectional conduction direction of the reversing branch is changed into a state of flowing from the high-pressure energy accumulator to the hydraulic cylinder.

5. The buoyancy unidirectional acting wave generator of claim 2, wherein: the algorithm of the singlechip/PLC comprises the following operations:

for a pre-tightening system with an electromagnetic switch valve/an electric switch valve, when the singlechip/PLC judges that the floating body is at the trough after the falling through the second sensor, the singlechip/PLC opens the electromagnetic switch valve/the electric switch valve which is originally in a closed state, so that hydraulic oil can flow back to the hydraulic cylinder from the high-pressure accumulator, and after a period of time, the singlechip/PLC closes the electromagnetic switch valve/the electric switch valve;

for a pre-tightening system with a reversing branch, when the singlechip/PLC judges that the floating body is in a trough after the falling is finished through the second sensor, the singlechip/PLC performs switching control on an electromagnetic two-position four-way valve in the reversing branch to enable the unidirectional conduction direction of the reversing branch to be reversed, so that the direction of the unidirectional conduction of the reversing branch is changed into a direction from a high-pressure energy accumulator to a hydraulic cylinder; and then after the state is continued for a period of time, or when the singlechip/PLC judges that the floating body is at a peak after the rising is finished through the second sensor, the singlechip/PLC performs switching control on the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve in the reversing branch, so that the unidirectional conduction direction of the reversing branch is reversed, and the direction of the unidirectional conduction direction of the reversing branch is changed into the direction from the hydraulic cylinder to the high-pressure energy accumulator.

6. The buoyancy unidirectional acting wave generator of claim 1, wherein: and a swinging cylinder/pump/motor is inserted in a new hydraulic branch before or after the electromagnetic switch valve/electric switch valve/reversing branch, and the shaft of the swinging cylinder/pump/motor is connected with a flywheel shaft, or the shaft of the swinging cylinder/pump/motor is linked with the flywheel through a belt/gear/chain type transmission mechanism.

7. The buoyancy unidirectional acting wave generator of claim 2, wherein: and a swinging cylinder/pump and motor is inserted in the parallel branch, the shaft of the swinging cylinder/pump and motor is connected with a flywheel shaft, or the shaft of the swinging cylinder/pump and motor is linked with the flywheel through a belt/gear/chain type transmission mechanism.

8. The buoyancy unidirectional acting wave generator of claim 1, wherein: and a pressurizing cylinder is inserted into the new hydraulic branch.

9. The buoyancy unidirectional acting wave generator of claim 2, wherein: a pressurizing cylinder is inserted into the parallel branch; the effective working area of the side, close to the hydraulic cylinder, of the pressurizing cylinder is larger than that of the side, close to the high-pressure energy accumulator, of the pressurizing cylinder.

10. The buoyancy unidirectional acting wave generator of claim 9, wherein: the algorithm of the singlechip/PLC comprises the following steps: when the singlechip/PLC judges that the floating body is in the trough after the falling is finished through the second sensor, the singlechip/PLC opens the electromagnetic switch valve/the electric switch valve; when the singlechip/PLC judges that the floating body enters the ascending stage according to the second sensor, the electromagnetic switch valve/the electric switch valve is immediately closed; when the singlechip/PLC judges that the floating body is at the peak after the rising is finished through the second sensor, the singlechip/PLC opens the electromagnetic switch valve/the electric switch valve; then when the singlechip/PLC judges that the floating body enters a falling stage according to the second sensor, the electromagnetic switch valve/the electric switch valve is closed; for the pretension system with reversing branch, in the algorithm of the singlechip/PLC: when the singlechip/PLC judges that the floating body is in the trough after the falling is finished through the second sensor, the singlechip/PLC reverses the unidirectional conduction direction of the reversing branch through switching control of the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve in the reversing branch, and changes the unidirectional conduction direction into a direction from the high-pressure energy accumulator to the hydraulic cylinder; when the singlechip/PLC judges that the floating body is at the peak after the rising is finished through the second sensor, the singlechip/PLC makes the unidirectional conduction direction of the reversing branch reverse through switching control of the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve in the reversing branch, and the unidirectional conduction direction of the reversing branch is changed into a state of flowing from the hydraulic cylinder to the high-pressure energy accumulator.

11. A buoyancy unidirectional acting wave generator as defined in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the second sensor has the following components:

a) Distance measuring sensor: the device is arranged on the floating body, and the distance change between a member linked with the energy acquisition rope and the top surface of the floating body is monitored;

b) A linear displacement sensor: the vertical device comprises two parts capable of moving relatively linearly, wherein one part is connected to the floating body, and the other part is connected to a member linked with the energy collecting rope;

c) Linear velocity sensor: the vertical device comprises two parts capable of moving relatively linearly, wherein one part is connected to the floating body, and the other part is connected to a member linked with the energy collecting rope;

d) Acceleration sensor: the device is arranged in the floating body cavity and used for measuring the movement acceleration of the floating body;

e) Draft sensor: the water pressure sensor is arranged on the outer bottom surface of the floating body shell;

f) Tension sensor: the energy collecting cables are connected in series to monitor the tension of the energy collecting cables;

g) A hydraulic sensor: the hydraulic pipeline is arranged near the inlet and the outlet of the hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic pressure at the inlet and the outlet is monitored;

h) Flow sensor: and the flow rate at the oil inlet and the oil outlet is monitored on a hydraulic pipeline near the oil inlet and the oil outlet of the hydraulic cylinder.

12. A buoyancy unidirectional acting wave generator as defined in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the sea surface assembly is a single floating body differential pressure reset type, and has the specific structure that: the floating body is in a closed shell, the center of the floating body penetrates through a vertical straight pipe, and then shell parts in the straight pipe are removed to form a fully-closed shell with a through hole at the center; the vertical edge of the inverted L-shaped rigid frame is a square tube or a long straight rod with a rectangular section, the vertical edge passes through four roller cable guides arranged in the through hole at a certain distance from top to bottom, the four side surfaces of the vertical edge are respectively clung to four rollers of the four roller cable guides one by one,

the two four-roller cable guides are replaced by two sections of guide rails for guiding the inverted L-shaped rigid frame to move up and down;

the horizontal edge of the inverted L-shaped rigid frame is arranged above the floating body, the horizontal edge is connected with a plunger rod handle of a vertical/inclined plunger cylinder, the tail end of the cylinder body of the plunger cylinder is connected with the top surface of the closed shell, and the plunger cylinder is connected in an inverted way, namely: the tail end of a plunger cylinder body is connected with the transverse edge of the inverted L-shaped rigid frame, and a plunger rod handle is connected with the top surface of the closed shell of the floating body; the connection at the two ends of the plunger cylinder is in a lug/hinge shaft/earring mode; for the case that the plunger cylinder is vertically installed, the two ends of the plunger cylinder are connected or fixedly connected;

The bottom end of the inverted L-shaped rigid frame is connected with one end of the energy collecting rope, the other end of the energy collecting rope is connected with the underwater relative movement reference object, or the bottom end of the inverted L-shaped rigid frame is connected with the top end of the rope control mechanism, the bottom end of the energy collecting rope of the rope control mechanism is connected with the underwater relative movement reference object, and the inverted L-shaped rigid frame is fixedly connected with the top end of the rope control mechanism; the hydraulic system is in closed circulation, and the circulation route is that the plunger cylinder cavity, the quasi-outlet check valve, the high-pressure accumulator, the hydraulic motor, the low-pressure accumulator and the admission check valve are arranged in the circulation route, and the hydraulic motor drives the generator to generate electricity;

the lower of the two guides/rails may also be mounted at the bottom in an upright cylinder; the method comprises the following steps: adding a vertical straight cylinder, wherein the top end of the straight cylinder is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the floating body, the axis of the straight cylinder is coincident with the axis of the through hole, the inner diameter of the straight cylinder is larger than that of the through hole or smaller than that of the through hole, but the top end of the straight cylinder is fixedly connected with a flange, and the straight cylinder is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the floating body through the flange; the lower of the two guides/rails is mounted to the bottom of the straight barrel and the upper guide/rail is mounted to the upper portion of the floating body through-hole.

13. A buoyancy unidirectional acting wave generator as defined in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the underwater relative motion reference object is a gravity anchor which is suspended by two side buoys through cables, the buoys suspending the gravity anchor are of an elongated capsule shape, the axes are vertical, and the connection point of the buoys suspending the cables is positioned at the center of the bottom end of the capsule-shaped buoys.

14. A buoyancy unidirectional acting wave generator as defined in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the underwater relative motion reference is a hanging anchor or a gravity anchor/friction pile/suction anchor on the seabed.

15. A buoyancy unidirectional acting wave generator as defined in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the electromagnetic switch valve is a direct-acting type/step-by-step direct-acting type/pilot type valve.

16. A buoyancy unidirectional acting wave generator as defined in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the third energy accumulator/high-pressure energy accumulator/low-pressure energy accumulator is an air bag type/piston type/diaphragm type/spring type.

17. The buoyancy unidirectional acting wave generator of claim 6, wherein: the rotating speed sensor is added, and the singlechip/PLC performs closing control on the electromagnetic switch valve/the electric switch valve according to the rotating speed condition of the flywheel monitored by the rotating speed sensor; or a flow direction sensor/flow sensor/hydraulic pressure sensor of the hydraulic oil is arranged on the new hydraulic branch, and the singlechip/PLC monitors the change condition of the flow direction/flow of the hydraulic oil according to the flow direction/flow sensor or performs closing control on the electromagnetic switch valve/electric switch valve according to the hydraulic pressure change condition monitored by the hydraulic pressure sensor.

18. The buoyancy unidirectional acting wave generator of claim 7, wherein: the position where the swing cylinder/pump & motor is inserted is positioned at the first half section of the parallel branch, a follow current branch is led out on a hydraulic pipeline between the electromagnetic switch valve/electric switch valve/reversing branch and the swing cylinder/pump & motor, and the follow current branch is connected with a low-pressure accumulator/oil tank in the hydraulic system through a check valve, and the hydraulic system is a low-pressure accumulator if the hydraulic system is in closed circulation and an oil tank if the hydraulic system is in open circulation; the conducting direction of the check valve is from the low-pressure accumulator/oil tank to the position between the electromagnetic switch valve/electric switch valve/reversing branch and the swing cylinder/pump & motor.

19. The buoyancy unidirectional acting wave generator of claim 7, wherein: and a return spring is arranged on the swing cylinder, and the return force of the return spring enables the hydraulic oil on the swing cylinder to flow from one end close to the hydraulic cylinder to one end close to the electromagnetic switch valve/electric switch valve/reversing branch.

20. The buoyancy unidirectional acting wave generator of claim 9, wherein: and a swinging cylinder/pump & motor is inserted on the parallel branch, the shaft of the swinging cylinder/pump & motor is connected with the flywheel shaft, or the shaft of the swinging cylinder/pump & motor is linked with the flywheel through a belt/gear/chain type transmission mechanism.

21. The buoyancy unidirectional acting wave generator of claim 20, wherein: and a rotating speed sensor for monitoring the flywheel is additionally arranged, or a flow direction/flow sensor is inserted into the parallel branch, or a hydraulic sensor is inserted between the hydraulic cylinder and the swinging cylinder/pump and motor, and the electromagnetic switch valve/the electric switch valve is closed and controlled by the singlechip/PLC according to the rotating speed/the flow direction/the hydraulic sensor.