CN110985114A - Downward parallel medium-length hole segmented filling mining method for steeply inclined medium-thickness difficult-to-mine ore body - Google Patents
Downward parallel medium-length hole segmented filling mining method for steeply inclined medium-thickness difficult-to-mine ore body Download PDFInfo
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- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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Abstract
The invention provides a downward parallel medium-length hole sublevel filling mining method for a steeply inclined medium-thickness difficult-to-mine ore body, which belongs to the technical field of mining. The content of particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 30 mu m in the full tailings for the filling material reaches 75-77 percent; the content of particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 35 mu m in the slag reaches 86-88 percent; the excitant is mirabilite and copperas with the weight ratio of 1: 0.5-0.7. The invention can realize safe, efficient and low-cost mining of ore bodies, realizes continuous mining in areas, and is mainly suitable for gold ores with an inclination angle of 50-90 degrees and a horizontal thickness of 4-10 m.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mining, and particularly relates to a downward parallel medium-length hole segmented filling mining method for a steeply inclined medium-thickness difficult-to-mine ore body.
Background
In underground mining of metal ore deposit, the steeply inclined medium-thickness ore body accounts for about 20 percent and is a relatively special type of ore body which is difficult to mine, the mining of the steeply inclined medium-thickness ore body in China has a long history, and a large amount of research is carried out by some mines and scientific research institutes aiming at the problems existing in the mining process of the steeply inclined medium-thickness ore body, so that various reasonable and effective methods are provided, and good effects are achieved. The mining methods of such ore bodies can be divided into two main categories according to the ore falling mode: shallow hole ore breaking and medium-deep hole ore breaking. The shallow hole ore falling mainly comprises a shallow hole shrinkage method, a wall cutting filling method, an upward or downward layered filling method and the like, and the medium-length hole ore falling mainly comprises a segmented open-stope method, a non-bottom-pillar segmented caving method, a tank-climbing raise medium-length hole mining method and the like. The statistics of mining information of the steeply inclined medium-thickness ore body in China shows that although the conventional shallow hole shrinkage method and the skiving and filling method are still the main methods for mining the steeply inclined medium-thickness ore body in China, the problems of high labor intensity of workers, high potential safety hazard of operation, low production capacity, low production efficiency and the like exist in the mining process. Meanwhile, with the improvement of mining mechanical equipment and the improvement of the technical level of workers, the mining method has the trend of developing a medium-length hole mining method, so that the operation cycle is greatly reduced, the labor intensity of the workers is reduced, the production capacity of a stope is improved, and meanwhile, the workers only operate in a rock drilling roadway and can ensure the operation safety of the workers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a filling material for a goaf, which has high early strength and good compressive strength, low yield stress and viscosity value, good fluidity and low conveying resistance, is beneficial to realizing self-flowing conveying, and hardly generates segregation and bleeding.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:
a filling material for a goaf comprises, in parts by weight,
62-87 parts of full tailings, 8-10 parts of cement, 5-16 parts of slag and 0.4-1.2 parts of excitant; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the content of particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 30 mu m in the whole tailings reaches 75-77 percent;
the content of particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 35 mu m in the slag reaches 86-88 percent;
the mass concentration of the filling material is 75-83%;
the excitant is mirabilite and copperas with the weight ratio of 1: 0.5-0.7.
The present invention replaces partial cement in the filling material with slag to raise the strength of the consolidation obviously. The content of particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 30 mu m in the full tailings for the filling material of the embodiment reaches 75-77 percent; the content of particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 35 mu m in the slag reaches 86-88%, so that the filling material has high early strength and good compressive strength, the strength of 1d age is more than 1.57MPa, the strength of 28d age is more than 5.6MPa, and the filling requirement of a goaf can be met. In addition, the filling material of the embodiment has low yield stress and viscosity value, good fluidity and low conveying resistance, is beneficial to realizing self-flowing conveying, and hardly has segregation and bleeding phenomena.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the booster further comprises aluminium citrate.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a goaf filling method, wherein the filling material is delivered to the goaf. The preparation and conveying processes of the filling material comprise: full tailings, cement, slag, excitant, water → mixer → flowmeter → storage bin → filling pump → filling pipeline → goaf.
The invention also aims to provide a downward parallel medium-length hole segmented filling mining method for a steeply inclined medium-thickness difficult-to-mine ore body, which is characterized in that the ore body is divided into a plurality of segments according to a middle segment, ore room ore pillars are divided along the trend of the ore body, the middle segment is divided along the inclined direction of the ore body, a segmented rock drilling roadway is arranged along the vein, an artificial false roof false bottom is constructed in the segmented rock drilling roadway in advance, medium-length holes are adopted from top to bottom to recover ore blocks, after the ore room is completely mined, the filling material is adopted for filling, and after the ore pillars are completely mined, full tailings and/or waste rock powder are adopted for filling. When the ore body of the lower middle section is mined, the mining method can avoid the collapse of the filling body with lower upper strength. The invention can effectively construct the safe mining environment of the mine, which is not only the problem of resource recovery, but also the foundation of promoting the normal and orderly operation of the mine. The invention can realize safe, efficient and low-cost mining of ore bodies, adopts zone-to-zone fractional stoping, firstly uses the chamber in the zone to be stoped in a segmented open stope, and then stopes in the zone are stoped on the basis of constructing a mining safe environment, thereby realizing continuous mining in the zone, being particularly suitable for the deep mining of medium-thickness steeply inclined ore body resources and realizing continuous mining.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the artificial false roof false bottom is constructed by adopting reinforced concrete, and the construction method of the artificial false roof false bottom comprises the following steps: reserving a 0.05-0.2m ore cushion layer in the intra-vein roadway, paving a waterproof film, paving a reinforcing mesh, connecting the reinforcing mesh to a top-bottom plate anchor rope or an anchor rod by using a hanging rib, and pouring concrete. The artificial roof constructed by reinforced concrete replaces an ore jacking column, can prevent the upper low-strength filling body or the broken ore body from striding and falling, has better stoping safety, can reduce dilution loss rate, can also isolate the connection between a stope and an upper middle section, and avoids the natural caving of the ore body from expanding to the upper part without limit to damage an upper mining system or damage basic facilities such as an upper water sump.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the casting thickness of the concrete is 0.3-1.0 m.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the mining method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: the ore block structural parameters are divided into middle sections along the inclination direction of an ore body, the length of the ore block is arranged along the inclination direction of the ore body, and a wide point column is reserved in the middle of the inclined length of the ore block during stoping;
s2: preparing mining, cutting, arranging an extravein slope way, a subsection roadway, a ore removal connection roadway, an intravein rock drilling roadway and an ore removal ore pass on an ore block, arranging the subsection rock drilling roadway along the vein, and constructing an artificial false roof false bottom in the subsection rock drilling roadway in advance;
s3: the mining process adopts a top-down mining sequence, the middle section is mined from the two sides of the panel to the middle, the artificial false bottom pre-built in the section is used as an artificial false top for mining the lower section or the lower middle section ore body, the medium-length hole is adopted for mining the ore body, after the mining of the chamber is finished, the filling material of claim 1 or 2 is adopted for filling, and after the mining of the ore pillar is finished, the full tailing is adopted for filling.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the ore block structure parameters in S1 are specifically: the height of the middle section is 10-20m, the inclined length of the ore block is 70-100m, the width of the point column is 5-7m, the width of the ore block is 10-15m, the span of the stope is 10-15m, and the width of the room ore column is 3-5 m.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a use of the mining method described above in mining steep medium-thickness gold ores. The mining method is mainly suitable for mining the steeply inclined medium-thickness ore body with the inclination angle of 50-90 degrees and the horizontal thickness of 4-10m, and the ore body is broken or extremely broken but the surrounding rock is more stable or stable, and the requirements on high operation safety, large production capacity and high efficiency are met.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can avoid the collapse of the filling body with lower strength at the upper part, realizes the safe, efficient and low-cost mining of ore bodies, realizes the continuous mining in areas, and is mainly suitable for gold ores with the inclination angle of 50-90 degrees and the horizontal thickness of 4-10 m; the content of particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 30 mu m in the full tailings used for the filling material reaches 75-77 percent; the content of particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 35 mu m in the slag reaches 86-88 percent, so that the filling material has high early strength, good compressive strength, lower yield stress and viscosity value and good fluidity, is favorable for realizing self-flowing conveying, and hardly has segregation and bleeding phenomena; the artificial roof constructed by reinforced concrete replaces an ore jacking column, can prevent the upper low-strength filling body or the broken ore body from striding and falling, has better stoping safety, can reduce dilution loss rate, can also isolate the connection between a stope and an upper middle section, and avoids the natural caving of the ore body from expanding to the upper part without limit to damage an upper mining system or damage basic facilities such as an upper water sump.
The invention adopts the technical scheme to provide the downward parallel medium-length hole sublevel filling mining method for the steeply inclined medium-thickness difficult-to-mine body, overcomes the defects of the prior art, and has reasonable design and convenient operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the compressive strength of a filling material in test example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing slump and bleeding rate of concrete in test example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the compressive strength of the concrete in test example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It is not intended to limit the invention to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
These examples are provided only for illustrating the present invention in more detail, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples according to the gist of the present invention.
One embodiment of the present invention provides a filling material for a gob, comprising, in parts by weight,
62-87 parts of full tailings, 8-10 parts of cement, 5-16 parts of slag and 0.4-1.2 parts of excitant; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the content of particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 30 mu m in the whole tailings reaches 75-77 percent;
the content of particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 35 mu m in the slag reaches 86-88 percent;
the mass concentration of the filling material is 75-83%;
the excitant is mirabilite and copperas with the weight ratio of 1: 0.5-0.7.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the cement is preferably a 42.5 or 42.5R strength grade portland cement. The pH value of the filling material is more than 12, and the pH requirement required by alkali-activated slag is met. The whole tailings come from waste materials obtained in a mining area during dry tailing processing. The slag is a vitreous structure substance with latent activity, the vitreous slag does not have independent hydration hardening capacity, the slag is taken as industrial waste residue with latent hydraulicity, contains more CaO, has slow hydration reaction in pure water, even does not have hydration, but is NaOH or Ca (OH)2When alkaline substances are used for excitation, the activity of the water-soluble polymer is excited, and hydration reaction can be promoted. The fly ash has the volcanic ash effect and the micro-aggregate effect, does not have the hydration hardening capacity per se, is difficult to act with water independently, but when alkaline substances such as the like exist in a system, the fly ash is in an alkaline activatorUnder the action, glassy substances in the fly ash are gradually disintegrated, silicate ions and aluminate ions are dissolved and undergo hydration reaction with ions in the solution to generate aluminosilicate with gel property, and the durability of the solidified slurry is enhanced.
The safety and the economy of a stope are seriously restricted in the aspects of space distribution rule and the like of the strength of the filling body in the stope at present, and the slag is used for replacing part of cement in the filling material in the embodiment, so that the strength of the consolidation body is obviously improved. The content of particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 30 mu m in the full tailings for the filling material reaches 75-77 percent; the content of particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 35 mu m in the slag reaches 86-88%, so that the filling material has high early strength and good compressive strength, the strength of 1d age is more than 1.57MPa, the strength of 28d age is more than 5.6MPa, and the filling requirement of a goaf can be met. In addition, the filling material of the embodiment has low yield stress and viscosity value, good fluidity and low conveying resistance, is beneficial to realizing self-flowing conveying, and hardly has segregation and bleeding phenomena.
In order to further improve the strength and flowability of the filling material, in one embodiment of the present invention, the activator further comprises aluminum citrate. Under the action of the excitant, the gelling activity of cement and slag is greatly improved, and relatively ideal compressive strength is obtained, the strength of 1d age is more than 1.85MPa, the strength of 28d age is more than 7.8MPa, and the usage amount of the excitant is small; and Al in aluminum citrate3+Coordination with citric acid hydroxyl group makes Al3+The release is not easy, the effect of delaying the excitation of crosslinking is achieved, the hydration products continuously grow up along with the increase of the maintenance time of the filling material, the pores are gradually filled, the slurry structure is more compact, and the slurry has good mechanical properties. Preferably, the excitant is mirabilite, copperas and aluminum citrate in a weight ratio of 1:0.5-0.7: 0.02-0.07.
The invention further provides a goaf filling method, and the filling material is conveyed to the goaf. The preparation and conveying processes of the filling material are as follows: full tailings, cement, slag, excitant, water → mixer → flowmeter → storage bin → filling pump → filling pipeline → goaf.
The invention also provides a downward parallel medium-length hole segmented filling mining method for the steeply inclined medium-thickness difficult-to-mine ore body, which is characterized in that the ore body is divided into a plurality of segments according to the middle segment, the ore pillars of an ore room are divided along the trend of the ore body, the middle segment is divided along the inclined direction of the ore body, the segmented rock drilling lane is arranged along the vein, an artificial false roof false bottom is constructed in the segmented rock drilling lane in advance, the medium-length hole stoping ore blocks are adopted from top to bottom, after the ore room is completely mined, the filling material is adopted for filling, and after the ore pillars are completely mined, the full tailings and/or waste rock powder are adopted for filling. When the ore body of the lower middle section is mined, the mining method can avoid the collapse of the filling body with lower upper strength. The implementation mode can effectively construct the safe mining environment of the mine, which is not only the problem of resource recovery, but also the foundation for promoting the normal and orderly operation of the mine. The embodiment can realize safe, efficient and low-cost mining of ore bodies, adopts zone-to-zone and fractional stoping, firstly uses the segmented open stope to stope the ore room in the area, and then stopes in the area on the basis of constructing a mining safe environment, thereby realizing continuous mining in the area, being particularly suitable for the deep mining of medium-thickness steeply inclined ore body resources and realizing continuous mining.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the artificial false roof false bottom is constructed by using reinforced concrete, and the construction method of the artificial false roof false bottom comprises: reserving a 0.05-0.2m ore cushion layer in the intra-vein roadway, paving a waterproof film, paving a reinforcing mesh, connecting the reinforcing mesh to a top-bottom plate anchor rope or an anchor rod by using a hanging rib, and pouring concrete. The reinforcing mesh is made of iron wires with the diameter of 5-10mm, the woven meshes are 100mm multiplied by 100mm, and the size of a single metal mesh is 2600mm multiplied by 1400 mm; the hanging bar is made of HRB335 round steel with phi 18mm, the lower part of the hanging bar is provided with a hook, the hanging bar is hung and welded on the bottom bar, the upper part of the hanging bar is fixed by a transverse tie bar which is screw-thread steel with phi 14mm, and the transverse tie bar is welded on the upright posts on both sides of the roadway. The distance between the anchor cable holes is 0.5-0.6m, the anchor rod hole is positioned between two adjacent anchor cable holes, the diameter of the anchor rod is 3-5cm, the length of the anchor rod is 2-3m, the anchor rod hole is inclined downwards by 10-20 degrees when being constructed, the surface of the anchor rod body is uneven, the contact area and the bonding property of the anchor rod and the resin anchoring agent can be improved, and the effect of the anchor rod for supporting the top plate is improved. In the embodiment, the artificial roof constructed by reinforced concrete is used for replacing an ore jacking column, so that the upper low-strength filling body or the broken ore body can be prevented from striding and falling, the stoping safety is better, the dilution loss rate can be reduced, meanwhile, the connection between a stope and an upper middle section can be cut off, and the phenomenon that the natural falling of the ore body expands to the upper part without limit to damage an upper mining system or damage basic facilities such as an upper water sump and the like is avoided.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the casting thickness of the concrete is 0.3 to 1.0 m.
In order to reduce the engineering quantity, further improve the bearing and stability of the artificial false roof false bottom, avoid the risk of span-off due to insufficient filling false roof span, improve the safety of rock drilling of workers and realize safe and efficient extraction of medium-length holes, the concrete contains full tailings, cement, basalt short fibers, hydroxymethyl cellulose, sodium hyaluronate, potassium sodium tartrate and an aluminate coupling agent. The concrete is doped with basalt short fibers, the tensile strength of the basalt short fibers is higher than that of existing reinforcing fibers such as E-glass fibers, carbon fibers, aramid fibers, steel fibers and the like, the reinforcing effect is excellent, the 28 d-age strength of the concrete is at least greater than 7.8MPa, the stability of a false roof and a false bottom can be improved, meanwhile, the existence of sodium hyaluronate and potassium sodium tartrate enables the basalt short fibers to have good compatibility and dispersibility in the concrete, the fluidity and the pumpability of the concrete are improved, and the concrete can smoothly pass through a conveying pipeline without blockage and segregation. Preferably, the concrete comprises, by weight, 55-68 parts of full tailings, 8-12 parts of cement, 3-5 parts of basalt short fiber, 2-4 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 0.05-0.12 part of sodium hyaluronate, 0.03-0.06 part of potassium sodium tartrate and 0.01-0.03 part of aluminate coupling agent; wherein the mass concentration of the concrete is 80-85%. The preparation method of the filling material comprises the following steps: dissolving hydroxymethyl cellulose and sodium hyaluronate in water to form a colloidal solution, wherein the water-to-gel ratio is 0.23-0.26; dissolving basalt short fibers in a colloidal solution to enable the basalt short fibers to be uniformly suspended in the colloidal solution; adding water into the whole tailings, the cement and the potassium sodium tartrate, and uniformly stirring to obtain a semi-finished concrete product; and (3) stirring the colloidal solution containing the basalt short fibers and the semi-finished concrete, adding an aluminate coupling agent, and stirring to obtain the concrete. The casting thickness of the concrete is preferably 0.6 m.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the mining method specifically includes the following steps:
s1: ore block structural parameters, namely dividing middle sections along the inclination direction of an ore body, arranging the length of the ore block along the inclination direction of the ore body, keeping a 5-7m wide point column in the middle of the inclined length of the ore block during stoping, keeping the width of the ore block between 10 and 15m, keeping the span of a stope between 10 and 15m, and keeping the width of a room ore column between 3 and 5m, wherein the height of the middle section is 10 to 20m, and the inclined length of the ore block is 70 to 100 m;
s2: preparing mining, cutting, arranging an extravein slope way, a subsection roadway, a ore removal connection roadway, an intravein rock drilling roadway and an ore removal ore pass on an ore block, arranging the subsection rock drilling roadway along the vein, and constructing an artificial false roof false bottom in the subsection rock drilling roadway in advance;
s3: the mining process adopts a top-down mining sequence, the middle section is mined from two sides of the plate area to the middle, the artificial false bottom pre-built in the section is used as an artificial false top for mining the lower section or the lower middle section ore body, a medium-length hole is adopted for mining the ore body, the filling material is adopted for filling after the mining of the ore room is finished, and full tailings are adopted for filling after the mining of the ore pillar is finished;
s4: ventilating the stope, wherein fresh air flow enters from the main adit at the middle section and enters from a cutting mine at the stope, and dirty air is discharged to the return air roadway at the middle section through a stope roof connecting roadway and a stope standard roadway.
The embodiment of the invention also provides application of the mining method in mining the steeply inclined medium-thickness gold ores. The mining method is mainly suitable for mining the steeply inclined medium-thickness ore body with the inclination angle of 50-90 degrees and the horizontal thickness of 4-10m, and the ore body is broken or extremely broken but the surrounding rock is more stable or stable, and the mining method requires high operation safety, large production capacity and high efficiency.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. It should be understood that the examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope and spirit of the present invention.
Example 1:
the filling material for goaf includes (by weight portion) 71 portions of full-tailings, 8.3 portions of 42.5-grade silicate cement and slag11 parts of exciting agent and 0.7 part of exciting agent; the chemical compositions of cement and slag are shown in Table 1; the particle size distribution of the slag is shown in Table 2; and (3) carrying out specific gravity and volume weight tests and chemical component analysis on the used full tailings, then obtaining the porosity of the full tailings according to the measured specific gravity and volume weight, and finally obtaining the physical properties of the full tailings: bulk volume weight (g/cm)3) It was 1.21, the specific gravity was 2.76, and the porosity (%) was 55.34. Chemical composition analyzed is mainly SiO2、Fe2O3、Al2O3CaO, MgO, S, Cu, Au, Ag, etc., the chemical analysis end results are shown in Table 3, wherein SiO is2The higher content of (A) indicates that the whole tailings are better inert materials and contain certain Al2O3、CaO、MgO、Na2O、K2The component O is beneficial to the excitation of the activity of cement clinker during cemented filling; p2O5、As2O3、SO3And the overflow water of the filler has no harmful influence on the environment, meets the requirement of environmental protection, and can be used as filling aggregate. Therefore, the full tailings are safe and qualified downhole packing materials. The grain size composition of the full tailings is determined by a screening method and a laser particle size analysis method. Firstly, the particle size distribution of the +37 mu m full tailings is measured by a screening method, then the particle size distribution of the-37 mu m full tailings is measured by a laser particle size analyzer, and then the particle size components of the full tailings are formed in a combined manner, which is shown in Table 4, so that the content of the-20 mu m particles of the full tailings is 38.15 percent, and the requirement that the content of the-20 mu m particles is not less than 15 percent for the full tailings filling at home and abroad is met; the excitant is mirabilite and copperas in a weight ratio of 1: 0.5; the filling material has a mass concentration of 78% and a pH value of more than 12.
TABLE 1 chemical composition of cement and slag (% by weight)
| Raw materials | Silicon dioxide | Alumina oxide | Iron oxide | Calcium oxide | Magnesium oxide | Sulfur trioxide | LOSS | f-CaO |
| Cement | 22.82 | 4.53 | 2.63 | 63.07 | 1.83 | 2.71 | 1.63 | 0.69 |
| Slag of mine | 37.25 | 15.41 | 1.53 | 33.76 | 11.01 | 1.02 | 1.27 | 0.04 |
TABLE 2 particle size distribution (μm) of slag
| Raw materials | -2.40 | -4.97 | -10.28 | -21.28 | -34.56 | -44.04 | -56.13 | ＞56.13 |
| Slag of mine | 14.33 | 15.24 | 21.83 | 35.31 | 12.31 | 0.93 | 0.05 | 0 |
TABLE 3 chemical composition analysis of full tailings
| Composition (I) | SiO2 | Fe2O3 | Al2O3 | CaO | MgO | Na2O | K2O |
| Content (%) | 59.2 | 7.54 | 16.5 | 4.47 | 2.63 | 3.76 | 2.58 |
| Composition (I) | P2O5 | TiO2 | CuO | As2O3 | SO3 | Au | Ag |
| Content (%) | 0.079 | 0.761 | 0.0017 | 0.102 | 0.346 | 0.43g/t | 2.19g/t |
TABLE 4 composition of fraction of total tailings
| Particle size (. mu.m) | -10 | 10-15 | 15-20 | 20-25 | 25-30 | 30-38 | 38-75 | 75-100 | 100-150 | 150-200 |
| Score (%) | 19.21 | 7.79 | 11.15 | 20.56 | 17.48 | 12.18 | 1.02 | 4.15 | 3.32 | 3.14 |
| Cumulative (%) | 19.21 | 27 | 38.15 | 58.71 | 76.19 | 88.37 | 89.39 | 93.54 | 96.86 | 100 |
Example 2:
a filling material for a goaf comprises, by weight, 71 parts of full tailings, 8.3 parts of 42.5-grade portland cement, 11 parts of slag and 0.4 part of an excitant; the chemical compositions of cement and slag are shown in Table 1; the particle size distribution of the slag is shown in Table 2; the final results of the chemical analysis of the whole tailings are shown in table 3, and the composition of the particle size fraction is shown in table 4; the exciting agent used by the filling material is mirabilite, copperas and aluminum citrate with the weight ratio of 1:0.5: 0.05.
Example 3:
the concrete comprises, by weight, 61 parts of full tailings (the final result of chemical analysis of the full tailings is shown in table 3, and the composition of the particle fraction is shown in table 4), 9 parts of 42.5-grade portland cement (the chemical components of the cement are shown in table 1), 3.8 parts of basalt short fiber, 2.7 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 0.09 part of sodium hyaluronate, 0.04 part of potassium sodium tartrate and 0.02 part of aluminate coupling agent; wherein the mass concentration of the concrete is 83%; the preparation method of the filling material comprises the following steps: dissolving hydroxymethyl cellulose and sodium hyaluronate in water to form a colloidal solution, wherein the water-to-gel ratio is 0.25; dissolving basalt short fibers in a colloidal solution to enable the basalt short fibers to be uniformly suspended in the colloidal solution; adding water into the whole tailings, the cement and the potassium sodium tartrate, and uniformly stirring to obtain a semi-finished concrete product; and (3) stirring the colloidal solution containing the basalt short fibers and the semi-finished concrete, adding an aluminate coupling agent, and stirring to obtain the concrete.
Example 4:
the method for sublevel filling mining of the downward parallel medium-length hole of the steeply inclined medium-thickness difficult-to-mine body specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: the method comprises the following steps of (1) dividing a middle section along the inclination direction of an ore body according to ore block structure parameters, wherein the length of each ore block is arranged along the inclination direction of the ore body, the height of the middle section is 15m, the inclined length of each ore block is 80m, a 6m wide point column is left in the middle of the inclined length of each ore block during stoping, the width of each ore block is 14m, the span of a stope is 12m, and the width of a room ore column is 4 m;
s2: mining, cutting, arranging an extravenal ramp, a sectional roadway, a mineral removal connection roadway, an intravenal rock drilling roadway and a mineral removal draw shaft on an ore block, arranging the sectional rock drilling roadway along the veins, reserving a 0.12m ore cushion layer in the intravenal roadway, paving a waterproof film, paving a steel bar net, connecting the steel bar net to a top and bottom plate anchor rope or an anchor rod by using a hanging rib, pouring concrete with the thickness of 0.6m in the embodiment 3, wherein the steel bar net is made of iron wires with the diameter of 8mm, a woven grid is 100mm multiplied by 100mm, and the size of a single metal net is 2600mm multiplied by 1400 mm; the hanging bar is made of HRB335 round steel with phi 18mm, the lower part of the hanging bar is provided with a hook, the hanging bar is hung and welded on the bottom bar, the upper part of the hanging bar is fixed by a transverse tie bar which is screw-thread steel with phi 14mm, and the transverse tie bar is welded on the upright posts on both sides of the roadway. The distance between the anchor cable holes is 0.6m, the anchor rod hole is positioned between two adjacent anchor cable holes, the diameter of the anchor rod is 4cm, the length of the anchor rod is 2.5m, and the anchor rod hole is inclined downwards by 15 degrees when constructed;
s3: the mining process adopts a top-down mining sequence, mining is carried out from the two sides of a panel to the middle in a middle section, an artificial false bottom pre-built in the section is used as an artificial false top for mining a lower section or a lower middle section ore body, mining of the ore body is carried out by adopting a medium-length hole, after mining of a room is finished, filling material in the embodiment 1 is adopted for filling, after mining of an ore pillar is finished, full tailing filling is adopted, the final result of chemical analysis of the full tailing is shown in a table 3, and the composition of the grain size is shown in a table 4;
s4: ventilating the stope, wherein fresh air flow enters from the main adit at the middle section and enters from a cutting mine at the stope, and dirty air is discharged to the return air roadway at the middle section through a stope roof connecting roadway and a stope standard roadway.
Example 5:
the difference from example 4 is that: in step S3, after the chamber was mined, the chamber was filled with the filling material of example 2.
Comparative example 1:
the difference from example 1 is that: the content of particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 30 mu m in the full tailings used by the filling material is 60 percent.
Comparative example 2:
the difference from example 1 is that: the content of particles with the particle size less than or equal to 30 mu m in the full tailings used by the filling material is 80 percent.
Comparative example 3:
the difference from example 1 is that: the slag used by the filling material has a particle size of less than or equal to 35 mu m, and the content of the particles reaches 80 percent.
Comparative example 4:
the difference from example 1 is that: the slag used by the filling material has the particle size less than or equal to 35 mu m, and the content of the particles reaches 90 percent.
Comparative example 5:
the concrete comprises, by weight, 61 parts of full tailings (the final result of chemical analysis of the full tailings is shown in table 3, and the composition of the particle fraction is shown in table 4), 9 parts of 42.5-grade portland cement (the chemical components of the cement are shown in table 1), 3.8 parts of short basalt fibers, 2.7 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 0.04 part of sodium potassium tartrate and 0.02 part of an aluminate coupling agent; wherein the mass concentration of the concrete is 83%; the preparation method of the filling material comprises the following steps: dissolving hydroxymethyl cellulose and sodium hyaluronate in water to form a colloidal solution, wherein the water-to-gel ratio is 0.25; dissolving basalt short fiber in a colloidal solution to enable the basalt short fiber to be uniformly suspended in the colloidal solution; adding water into the whole tailings, the cement and the potassium sodium tartrate, and uniformly stirring to obtain a semi-finished concrete product; and (3) stirring the colloidal solution containing the basalt short fibers and the semi-finished concrete, adding an aluminate coupling agent, and stirring to obtain the concrete.
Comparative example 6:
the concrete comprises, by weight, 61 parts of full tailings (the final result of chemical analysis of the full tailings is shown in table 3, and the composition of the particle fraction is shown in table 4), 9 parts of 42.5-grade portland cement (the chemical components of the cement are shown in table 1), 3.8 parts of short basalt fibers, 2.7 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 0.09 part of sodium hyaluronate and 0.02 part of aluminate coupling agent; wherein the mass concentration of the concrete is 83%; the preparation method of the filling material comprises the following steps: dissolving hydroxymethyl cellulose and sodium hyaluronate in water to form a colloidal solution, wherein the water-to-gel ratio is 0.25; dissolving basalt short fiber in a colloidal solution to enable the basalt short fiber to be uniformly suspended in the colloidal solution; adding water into the whole tailings, the cement and the potassium sodium tartrate, and uniformly stirring to obtain a semi-finished concrete product; and (3) stirring the colloidal solution containing the basalt short fibers and the semi-finished concrete, adding an aluminate coupling agent, and stirring to obtain the concrete.
Comparative example 7:
the concrete comprises, by weight, 61 parts of full tailings (the final result of chemical analysis of the full tailings is shown in table 3, and the composition of the particle fraction is shown in table 4), 9 parts of 42.5-grade portland cement (the chemical components of the cement are shown in table 1), 3.8 parts of short basalt fibers, 2.7 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose and 0.02 part of an aluminate coupling agent; wherein the mass concentration of the concrete is 83%; the preparation method of the filling material comprises the following steps: dissolving hydroxymethyl cellulose and sodium hyaluronate in water to form a colloidal solution, wherein the water-to-gel ratio is 0.25; dissolving basalt short fibers in a colloidal solution to enable the basalt short fibers to be uniformly suspended in the colloidal solution; adding water into the whole tailings, the cement and the potassium sodium tartrate, and uniformly stirring to obtain a semi-finished concrete product; and (3) stirring the colloidal solution containing the basalt short fibers and the semi-finished concrete, adding an aluminate coupling agent, and stirring to obtain the concrete.
Test example 1:
determination of the Properties of the filling Material
1. pH determination of filling materials
The results were obtained using precision dipsticks and are shown in Table 5.
2. Determination of the yield stress of filling materials
The formulated fill material was tested for yield stress in the slurry using a rheometer, the results are shown in table 5.
3. Viscosity measurement of filling Material
Measured with a six-speed rotational viscometer, the results are shown in Table 5.
4. Slump determination of filling Material
The slump value is used for representing the flowability of the filling slurry, and the flowability is good when the slump value is large. Experience has shown that the slurry has no fluidity at slump values less than 5 cm. Mixing the filling materials, loading into a barrel in 3 layers, loading 1/3 with height slightly higher than the barrel height into each layer, and uniformly inserting with a tamper for 25 times. After filling, the mouth of the cylinder is leveled by a trowel to scrape the mixture around the bottom of the cylinder, and then the collapsed cylinder is vertically lifted within 5-10s, so that the test sample is not influenced by transverse force and torsion force. The vertical distance from the bottom surface of the scale to the highest point of the top surface of the sample, namely the slump of the sample, is measured by a ruler, and the result is shown in Table 5, wherein the slump is accurate to 0.1 cm.
5. Determination of bleeding rate of filling Material
The bleeding rate is the mass of water bled as a percentage of the amount of water contained in the slurry. In order to facilitate operation and prevent water evaporation, a plastic box with a sealing cover is used as a bleeding rate test device, filling materials are mixed and then are put into the box, and the box cover is tightly covered. And sucking the water seeped from the surface of the sample every 10min within 60min after the test is started, and sucking the water every 30min after 60min until the water is not drained. The water sucked out was put into a graduated cylinder and the water uptake per time was recorded and the cumulative total was calculated to 1 mL. The ratio of the total water absorption to the water content of the sample was the bleeding rate, and the results are shown in Table 5.
6. Strength measurement of filling Material
And (3) putting the stirred filling material into a test film with the thickness of 70.7mm multiplied by 70.7mm to prepare a test block, demolding after 24h, curing for 1d, 28d, 90d and 180d under standard curing conditions to perform compression strength test, and taking the average value of 3 tests, wherein the result is shown in figure 1. When the test piece is measured by a press, the deformation rate of the test piece is kept at about lmm/min.
Table 5 shows the basic performance test results of the filler materials, and it can be seen that the pH of the filler materials of examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-5 is more than 12, which meets the pH requirement required by alkali-activated fly ash and slag; the yield stress, viscosity number and bleeding rate of the filling material in example 1 are all less than those of comparative examples 1-4, the slump of the filling material in example 1 is greater than that of comparative examples 1-4, and the content of particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 30 microns in the full tailings for the filling material in example 1 is 75-77 percent; the content of particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 35 mu m in the slag reaches 86-88%, the particles can generate a lubricating effect when the particles in the filling material are mutually rubbed, so that the filling material is more fine and smooth, the yield stress and the viscosity value of the filling material can be reduced, the filling material has good fluidity, the conveying resistance is also low, the self-flow conveying is favorably realized, segregation and bleeding phenomena are hardly generated, the pipe is not blocked, and the yield stress, the viscosity value and the water bleeding rate of the filling material in the embodiment 1 are all larger than those in the embodiment 2, which shows that the yield stress and the viscosity value of the filling material can be further reduced to a certain extent by using the exciting agent in the embodiment 2, and the fluidity of the filling material is improved. FIG. 1 shows the results of strength measurement of a filler, and it can be seen that the compressive strength of the filler of example 1 is 1.63MPa and the strength of 28d is 5.85MPa at the time of curing 1d, the compressive strength of the filler of example 2 is 1.87MPa and the strength of 28d is 8.21MPa at the time of curing 1d, and the age strength of 1d and 28d of the filler of example 1 is greater than that of comparative examples 1-4, which indicates that the total tailings for the filler of example 1 has a particle size of 30 μm or less and a particle content of 75-77%; the content of particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 35 mu m in the slag reaches 86-88 percent, so that the filling material has high early strength and good compressive strength; the 1d, 28d, 90d and 180d age strength of the example 2 are all higher than that of the example 1, which shows that the excitant for the filling material of the example 2 greatly improves the gelling activity of cement and slag, obtains more ideal compressive strength, has smaller dosage and ensures that the filling material has good mechanical properties along with the increase of curing time.
TABLE 5 basic Property measurement results of filling Material
| Group of | pH | Yield stress (Pa) | Viscosity number (mPa. s) | Slump (cm) | Bleeding Rate (%) |
| Example 1 | 12.7 | 49.13 | 94.5 | 23.3 | 1.6 |
| Example 2 | 12.4 | 34.71 | 89.9 | 25.8 | 0.8 |
| Comparative example 1 | 12.2 | 98.02 | 117.3 | 19.3 | 2.5 |
| Comparative example 2 | 12.5 | 54.21 | 108.5 | 21.7 | 2.9 |
| Comparative example 3 | 12.3 | 83.45 | 118.9 | 18.5 | 3.3 |
| Comparative example 4 | 12.1 | 51.27 | 106.5 | 21.4 | 2.7 |
Test example 2:
determination of concrete Properties
1. Slump determination of concrete
The slump value is used for representing the flowability of the filling slurry, and the flowability is good when the slump value is large. Experience has shown that the slurry has no fluidity at slump values less than 5 cm. Mixing the concrete, loading into a barrel in 3 layers, loading 1/3 with height slightly larger than the height of the barrel into each layer, and uniformly tamping with a tamping bar for 25 times. After the test tube is filled with the concrete, the opening of the tube is leveled by a trowel, the mixture around the bottom of the tube is scraped, then the slump tube is vertically lifted within 5-10s, and the test sample is free from transverse and torsion effects. The vertical distance from the bottom surface of the scale to the highest point of the top surface of the sample is measured by a ruler, namely the slump of the sample is measured to be 0.1cm, and the result is shown in figure 2.
2. Determination of bleeding Rate in concrete
The bleeding rate is the mass of water bled as a percentage of the amount of water contained in the slurry. In order to facilitate operation and prevent water evaporation, a plastic box with a sealing cover is used as a bleeding rate test device, concrete is mixed and then is put into the box, and the box cover is tightly covered. And sucking water seeped on the surface of the sample every 10min within 60min after the test is started, and sucking water every 30min after 60min until no water is drained. The water sucked out was put into a graduated cylinder and the water uptake per time was recorded and the cumulative total was calculated to 1 mL. The ratio of the total water absorption to the water content of the sample is the bleeding rate, and the result is shown in FIG. 2.
3. Strength measurement of concrete
Placing the stirred concrete into a test film with the thickness of 70.7mm multiplied by 70.7mm to prepare a test block, demoulding after 24h, curing for 28d under standard curing conditions to carry out a compressive strength test, measuring 3 in each time, and taking the average value, wherein the result is shown in figure 3. When the test piece is measured by a press, the deformation rate of the test piece is kept at about lmm/min.
FIG. 2 shows the results of slump and bleeding rate measurements of concrete, and it can be seen that the slump of the concrete of example 3 is greater than that of comparative examples 5-7, and the bleeding rate of the concrete of example 3 is greater than that of comparative examples 5-7, which shows that the concrete of example 1 has good fluidity and pumpability, so that the concrete can smoothly pass through a delivery pipe without blocking and segregation. FIG. 3 is a result of strength measurement of concrete, and it can be seen that the compressive strength of the concrete of example 3 at 28d of curing is 8.12MPa, which is much greater than that of comparative examples 5-7, which indicates that the content of particles having a particle size of 30 μm or less in the whole tailings for concrete of example 1 reaches 75-77%; the content of particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 35 mu m in the slag reaches 86-88 percent, so that the concrete has high compressive strength; the results show that the existence of the sodium hyaluronate and the sodium potassium tartrate can not only improve the 28 d-age strength of the concrete, but also improve the fluidity and the pumpability of the concrete, so that the concrete can smoothly pass through a conveying pipeline without blockage and segregation.
Test example 3:
the test stope selects the steeply inclined medium-thickness gold mine with the inclination angle of 50-90 degrees and the horizontal thickness of 4-10m, the construction is carried out according to the mining methods of the embodiment 4 and the embodiment 5 strictly, the effective working day of the test stope is 30d, 60 work shifts are totally carried out, and the working time of each work shift is 8 hours. After the stoping of the test stope is finished, various economic indexes are finished, and the results are shown in a table 6. By monitoring the production condition of the stope, the phenomenon of collapse is not generated in the stope process, and the stope ventilation can meet the production requirement. The direct mining cost is reduced, the utilization rate of ores is improved, and higher economic benefits are brought to mines. Overall, the pilot mining of the stope achieves the desired effect.
TABLE 6 Main technical economic indicators for mining
Conventional techniques in the above embodiments are known to those skilled in the art, and therefore, will not be described in detail herein.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative, and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the scope of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A filling material for a goaf comprises, in parts by weight,
62-87 parts of full tailings, 8-10 parts of cement, 5-16 parts of slag and 0.4-1.2 parts of excitant; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the content of particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 30 mu m in the full tailings reaches 75-77 percent;
the content of particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 35 mu m in the slag reaches 86-88 percent;
the mass concentration of the filling material is 75-83%;
the excitant is mirabilite and copperas in a weight ratio of 1: 0.5-0.7.
2. A filling material for a gob as set forth in claim 1 wherein: the activator also comprises aluminum citrate.
3. A goaf filling method is characterized in that: delivering the fill material of claim 1 to the gob.
4. A method for carrying out sublevel filling mining on a steep-dip medium-thickness difficult-to-mine body downwards in parallel medium-length holes comprises the steps of dividing the body of the ore into a plurality of subsections according to the middle section, dividing ore room pillars along the direction of the body of the ore, dividing the middle section along the inclination direction of the body of the ore, arranging sublevel rock drilling roadways along the veins, constructing artificial false roof false bottoms in the sublevel rock drilling roadways in advance, adopting medium-length holes to carry out stoping on ore blocks from top to bottom, filling the ore rooms with the filling material according to claim 1 after the mining of the ore rooms is finished, and filling the ore pillars with full tailings and/.
5. The downward parallel medium-length hole sublevel filling mining method for the steeply inclined medium-thickness hard-to-mine body according to claim 4, characterized in that: the artificial false top false bottom is constructed by adopting reinforced concrete, and the construction method of the artificial false top false bottom comprises the following steps: reserving a 0.05-0.2m ore cushion layer in the intra-vein roadway, paving a waterproof film, paving a reinforcing mesh, connecting the reinforcing mesh to a top-bottom plate anchor rope or an anchor rod by using a hanging rib, and pouring concrete.
6. The downward parallel medium-length hole sublevel filling mining method for the steeply inclined medium-thickness hard-to-mine body according to claim 5, characterized in that: the casting thickness of the concrete is 0.3-1.0 m.
7. The downward parallel medium-length hole sublevel filling mining method for the steeply inclined medium-thickness hard-to-mine body according to claim 4, characterized in that: the mining method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: the ore block structural parameters are divided into middle sections along the inclination direction of the ore body, the length of the ore block is arranged along the inclination direction of the ore body, and a wide point column is reserved in the middle of the inclined length of the ore block during stoping;
s2: preparing mining, cutting, arranging an extravein slope way, a subsection roadway, a ore removal connection roadway, an intravein rock drilling roadway and an ore removal ore pass on an ore block, arranging the subsection rock drilling roadway along the vein, and constructing an artificial false roof false bottom in the subsection rock drilling roadway in advance;
s3: the mining process adopts a top-down mining sequence, the middle section is mined from the two sides of the panel to the middle, the artificial false bottom pre-built in the section is used as an artificial false top for mining the lower section or the lower middle section ore body, the medium-length hole is adopted for mining the ore body, after the mining of the chamber is finished, the filling material of claim 1 or 2 is adopted for filling, and after the mining of the ore pillar is finished, the full tailing is adopted for filling.
8. The downward parallel medium-length hole sublevel filling mining method for the steeply inclined medium-thickness hard-to-mine body according to claim 4, characterized in that: the ore block structure parameters in the step S1 are specifically as follows: the height of the middle section is 10-20m, the inclined length of the ore block is 70-100m, the width of the point column is 5-7m, the width of the ore block is 10-15m, the span of the stope is 10-15m, and the width of the room ore column is 3-5 m.
9. Use of the mining method of claim 4 in mining steep medium thickness gold ores.
10. Use according to claim 9, characterized in that: the dip angle of the steeply inclined medium-thickness gold ore is 50-90 degrees, and the horizontal thickness of the steeply inclined medium-thickness gold ore is 4-10 m.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112014276A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-12-01 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | Detection method for layered segregation degree of filling body and model construction method |
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