Application of hard aluminum oxide film prepared based on in-situ generation method in aluminum-shell lithium battery insulation sealing
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lithium batteries, in particular to an insulation sealing treatment method of an aluminum lithium battery shell.
Background
With the wider and wider application of lithium batteries in the field of power, the performance requirements for lithium batteries are also more demanding. Lithium batteries require not only high energy density but also long cycle life. However, it is known that lithium batteries are very sensitive to oxygen and moisture, and even if the batteries have micro leakage, the performance of the batteries is seriously degraded, and if the leakage is serious, a combustion explosion accident may be caused. Therefore, the sealing performance of the lithium battery is not only the basis and guarantee of the performance of the lithium battery, but also the safety problem, and is a crucial part.
In 18650 batteries, the sealing process of the battery is usually to apply an insulating rubber ring between the case and the cap, and to use a sealing device to wrap the case around the insulating rubber ring with a certain mechanical strength, thereby sealing the battery. However, the insulating rubber ring is large in thickness and soft in texture, the sealing strength of the battery is difficult to guarantee, the insulating rubber ring is aged along with the accumulation of time, the airtightness of the battery is poor, and meanwhile, the insulating rubber ring occupies a large space of the battery, so that the energy density of the battery is reduced.
The patent carries out a large amount of researches on a lithium battery sealing method, and in order to fundamentally solve the problems, the patent provides a bold innovative method, an insulating rubber ring is not used, but a compact and hard aluminum oxide film is directly generated on the surface of a battery shell in situ, so that the shell attached with the aluminum oxide film is directly held with a cover cap into a whole with great mechanical strength. The insulating property and the compact and hard characteristics of the alumina film are utilized to ensure that the battery can insulate two poles and can achieve good sealing property. In order to realize the soft contact between the shell with the alumina film and the cap and avoid the abrasion between two hard objects, the sealing contact part of the cap is coated with about 100 mu m of lithium ion battery sealant in advance.
Disclosure of Invention
The patent discloses an application of a hard aluminum oxide film prepared based on an in-situ generation method in insulation sealing of a lithium battery shell. Two layers of compact aluminum oxide films are sequentially generated on the surface of the aluminum battery shell by an in-situ generation method, and the films have strong adhesive force on the surface of the shell and are not easy to fall off. In the process of sealing the battery, the battery shell processed by the method can be directly integrated with the cover cap with great strength, and the use of an insulating rubber ring is avoided. The aluminium oxide membrane that the normal position generated acts as the insulating layer between casing and block, compares in the tradition mode of sealing, and the distance shortens to only one hundred more microns between aluminium casing and the block in this patent, has saved the battery inner space greatly, is favorable to improving battery energy density, because aluminium oxide layer texture is hard moreover, can guarantee the high strength that the battery sealed, is favorable to improving the long-term stability of battery. In the implementation process of the patent, in order to realize the soft contact between the alumina membrane shell and the cap and avoid the scratch between the contact surfaces caused by the abrasion between two hard objects, the sealing contact part of the cap is coated with about 100 mu m of lithium ion battery sealant in advance.
Detailed Description
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to prepare the hard aluminum oxide film on the lithium battery shell based on an in-situ generation method, and the steps are as follows.
(1) The method comprises the steps of pretreating a to-be-processed part of an aluminum battery shell, wherein the pretreatment process comprises the steps of firstly grinding 400-mesh, 800-mesh and 1000-mesh abrasive paper in sequence, then polishing by using polishing powder, washing dust of the to-be-processed part with distilled water, then soaking the part in acetone for ultrasonic cleaning and oil removal for 5-2 hours, finally placing the part in 0.1-5 mol/L sulfuric acid solution for surface erosion for 5 s-2 min, washing the surface sulfuric acid solution with distilled water, and drying for later use.
(2) And (2) preparing an aluminum oxide film by a first electrochemical in-situ generation method, immersing the part to be processed of the aluminum battery shell to be pretreated obtained in the step (1) into sulfuric acid electrolyte with the concentration of 0.5-2 mol/L in an electrolytic bath, taking an inert electrode as a cathode and an aluminum shell as an anode, controlling the electrolytic environment to be +/-2 ℃, and carrying out in-situ generation on the anode for 1-3 h under the condition of 20-100 mA current to obtain the aluminum oxide film with the thickness of about 10 mu m.
(3) Preparing an aluminum oxide film by a secondary electrochemical in-situ generation method, taking an inert electrode as a cathode, taking the part to be processed of the aluminum battery shell which is obtained in the step (2) and preliminarily forms the aluminum oxide film with a certain thickness as an anode, controlling the temperature of an electrolytic bath to be between 10 and 30 ℃, the in-situ generated current to be between 500mA and 1A, and the in-situ generated time to be 3 to 5 hours, and preparing the compact aluminum oxide film with the thickness of about 20 mu m again;
(4) placing the aluminum battery shell with the alumina film prepared by the two-time in-situ generation method in deionized water with the pH = 5-7, controlling the temperature to be 85-100 ℃, and performing hole sealing operation for 30 min-1 h.
(5) The battery shell treated by the in-situ generation method is used for producing the lithium battery, and after the battery shell is filled with the battery core and the pre-treated cover cap is installed, the battery is placed on a sealing device at 0.1MPa/cm2~1MPa/cm2The mechanical strength of the aluminum shell enables the shell with the aluminum oxide film to directly wrap the cap coated with the sealant after being wound, the winding and wrapping length of the aluminum shell is 1.5cm, and the aluminum oxide film is arranged between the shell and the cap coated with the sealant, so that the aluminum shell serves as an insulating layer and plays a role in airtightness.
The invention will be further illustrated by the following specific examples of a 50125 model battery.
Example 1
(1) Pretreating a part to be processed of a 50125 aluminum battery shell, wherein the thickness of the aluminum shell is 0.3cm, the inner surface and the outer surface of the shell and the end face within 2cm from the sealed end are sequentially polished by 400-mesh, 800-mesh and 1000-mesh abrasive paper, polished by polishing powder, washed by distilled water, immersed in acetone for ultrasonic cleaning and oil removal for 10min, finally placed in 0.5mol/L sulfuric acid solution for surface erosion for 30s, cleaned by distilled water and dried for later use.
(2) And (2) preparing an aluminum oxide film by a first electrochemical in-situ generation method, suspending the 50125 battery shell obtained in the step (1) above an electrolytic bath, immersing the pretreated 2cm sealing surface into an electrolyte in the electrolytic bath, wherein the electrolyte is 1mol/L sulfuric acid, an inert electrode is used as a cathode, an aluminum shell is used as an anode, controlling the electrolytic environment to be +/-2 ℃, and carrying out in-situ generation on the anode for 3 hours under the condition of 80mA current to obtain the aluminum oxide film with the thickness of about 10 microns.
(3) And (3) preparing an aluminum oxide film by a secondary electrochemical in-situ generation method, taking an inert electrode as a cathode, taking the part to be processed of the aluminum battery shell which is obtained in the step (2) and preliminarily forms the aluminum oxide film with a certain thickness as an anode, controlling the temperature of an electrolytic bath to be 25 ℃, controlling the in-situ generated current to be 800mA, and controlling the in-situ generated time to be 3.5h, thereby preparing the compact aluminum oxide film with the thickness of about 20 mu m again.
(4) Placing a 50125 battery shell attached with an alumina film prepared by a twice in-situ generation method in deionized water with the pH = 5-7, controlling the temperature to be 95 ℃, and performing hole sealing operation for 50 min.
(5) The 50125 battery shell treated by in-situ generation method is used for producing lithium battery, and after being filled with battery core and mounted with cap coated with sealant, the battery is placed on sealing equipment at 0.5MPa/cm2The mechanical strength of the aluminum shell enables the shell with the aluminum oxide film to directly wrap the cap coated with the sealant after being wound, the winding and wrapping length of the aluminum shell is 1.5cm, and the aluminum oxide film is arranged between the shell and the cap coated with the sealant, so that the aluminum shell serves as an insulating layer and plays a role in airtightness.