CN110983218B - Preparation method of small-size pure niobium bar with uniform structure - Google Patents
Preparation method of small-size pure niobium bar with uniform structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN110983218B CN110983218B CN201911355329.9A CN201911355329A CN110983218B CN 110983218 B CN110983218 B CN 110983218B CN 201911355329 A CN201911355329 A CN 201911355329A CN 110983218 B CN110983218 B CN 110983218B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a small-size pure niobium rod with uniform structure, which is implemented according to the following steps: step 1, selecting a pure niobium precision forging bar blank, and carrying out multi-pass precision forging for 1 fire time to obtain a rolled blank with the specification of phi 45 mm; step 2, carrying out recrystallization annealing and heat preservation on the bar blank subjected to the finish forging treatment in the step 1 by using a vacuum annealing furnace; step 3, rolling the processed bar stock on a horizontal rolling mill to obtain a finished bar stock; step 4, performing recrystallization heat treatment on the rolled bar blank by using a vacuum furnace, and straightening and grinding the bar blank to obtain a pure niobium finished bar; the original recrystallized structure is completely crushed by rolling deformation and is close to the specification of a finished product, and finally, a small-specification pure niobium bar with the yield strength of 75MPa, the tensile strength of 150MPa, the elongation of 50 percent, the section shrinkage of 90 percent, no obvious streamline at low power and high-power grain range of less than 2 level is obtained by recrystallization annealing, and the small-specification pure niobium bar has good batch consistency and stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of non-ferrous metal material processing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a small-size pure niobium rod with uniform structure.
Background
Pure niobium rod materials are generally used for preparing superconducting wires and are an important raw material for preparing the superconducting wires. The deformation of the pure niobium rod is large in the process of preparing the superconducting wire, a commonly-used rod material with the diameter of 11.8mm is taken as an example, the diameter of a single rod material is stretched to the micron level when the pure niobium rod is processed into a finished superconducting wire through multiple assembling and drawing, and the deformation reaches more than 99.9999 percent. The extremely large deformation amount puts a high requirement on the original structure uniformity of the bar, and the nonuniform structure can cause nonuniform deformation in the processing process, so that the local stress exceeds the tensile limit in the wire drawing process to cause wire breakage. Niobium is low in soft strength, and uneven structure is easily generated in the cold/hot processing process of a cast ingot finished product, so that the possibility of wire breakage in the stretching process of the superconducting wire exists. In addition, niobium itself has strong affinity with oxygen, and surface oxidation is severe when processing is performed in a high-temperature environment, increasing intangible loss, resulting in a reduction in yield.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a small-size pure niobium rod with uniform structure, and solves the problems of poor structure uniformity and easy wire breakage in the processing process of a niobium rod for a superconducting wire.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the preparation method of the small-size pure niobium rod with uniform structure is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, finish forging uniform deformation
Selecting a pure niobium precision forging bar blank, and carrying out multi-pass precision forging for 1 fire time to obtain a rolled blank with the specification of phi 45 mm;
Performing recrystallization and heat preservation annealing on the bar blank subjected to the finish forging treatment in the step 1 by using a vacuum annealing furnace;
step 3, rolling deformation
Rolling the bar stock processed in the step 2 on a horizontal rolling mill to obtain a finished bar stock;
And (4) performing recrystallization heat treatment on the bar blank rolled in the step (3) by using a vacuum furnace, and straightening, grinding and polishing the bar blank to obtain a pure niobium finished bar.
The invention is also characterized in that:
in the step 1, the specification of the blank is phi 85 mm-phi 100 mm.
1, heating the steel plate in a box type resistance furnace to a temperature higher than room temperature and less than 500 ℃ before 1-time multi-pass finish forging.
In the step 1, the multi-pass precision forging frequency is 3-5 passes, the precision forged blank is a rolled blank with a diameter of 45mm, and the precision forging accumulated deformation is 72.0-80.0%.
In the step 2, the annealing heat preservation temperature is 900-1200 ℃, and the vacuum degree in the heat preservation stage is less than or equal to 10-2Pa, and the heat preservation time is 120min to 240 min.
3, placing the bar stock before rolling on the transverse rolling mill into a box-type resistance furnace and heating to 25-500 ℃;
the size of the finished bar billet rolled in the step 3 is phi 7.0 mm-phi 27.0mm, the rolling pass is 4-18, and the rolling accumulated deformation is 64.0% -97.6%.
In the step 4, the heat preservation temperature of the vacuum furnace recrystallization heat treatment is 700-1100 ℃, and the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 10 in the heat preservation stage- 2Pa, and the heat preservation time is 120min to 240 min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a preparation method of a small-size pure niobium rod with uniform structure, which comprises the steps of uniformly deforming a blank through precision forging at the hot processing temperature of 25-500 ℃, then reducing the processing stress through annealing recrystallization, realizing the primary homogenization of the structure, completely crushing the original recrystallized structure through rolling deformation to approach the specification of a finished product, and finally obtaining the small-size pure niobium rod with the yield strength of 75MPa, the tensile strength of 150MPa, the elongation of 50%, the section shrinkage of 90%, no obvious streamline at low power and the high-power grain difference of less than 2 grade through recrystallization annealing.
According to the invention, the rolling blank is subjected to recrystallization annealing at 900-1200 ℃ by using the vacuum annealing furnace, so that the structure is preliminarily homogenized, the strength and the hardness are reduced, and the subsequent processing resistance is reduced.
According to the invention, the heating temperature in the step 1 of finish forging uniform deformation and the step 3 of rolling deformation can be selected to be in a range of 25-500 ℃ according to the equipment capability, the intangible loss caused by material oxidation is reduced, the yield is improved, the total deformation amount in the finish forging process is 72.0-80.0%, and the process belongs to the uniform deformation process. The process reduces the wire breakage rate of the small-size pure niobium rod obtained by the invention by more than 70%, improves the yield by more than 10%, has good batch consistency and stability and good use effect, and has wide applicability in the field of small-scale pure niobium rod processing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a low magnification view of the transverse structure of a pure niobium rod with a diameter of 15mm prepared by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a high magnification diagram of the transverse edge structure of a phi 15mm pure niobium rod prepared by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a high magnification diagram of the transverse core structure of a phi 15mm pure niobium rod prepared by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the room temperature mechanical properties of the small-sized pure niobium rod prepared by the method of the present invention in the annealed state.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention adopts a preparation method of a small-size pure niobium rod with uniform structure, which is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, precision forging uniform deformation:
selecting a pure niobium precision forging bar blank with the specification of phi 85 mm-phi 100mm, heating the pure niobium precision forging bar blank in a box type resistance furnace to 25-500 ℃, and carrying out precision forging on the pure niobium precision forging bar blank into a rolled blank with the specification of phi 45mm by adopting 1-time 3-5 times of fire, wherein the accumulated deformation of the precision forging is 72.0% -80.0%;
performing recrystallization annealing heat preservation on the bar blank subjected to the finish forging treatment in the step 1 by using a vacuum annealing furnace, wherein the annealing heat preservation temperature is 900-1200 ℃, and the vacuum degree in the heat preservation stage is less than or equal to 10-2Pa, and the heat preservation time is 120min to 240 min;
step 3, rolling deformation:
placing the bar blank processed in the step 2 in a box-type resistance furnace, heating to 25-500 ℃, rolling on a transverse rolling mill to obtain a finished bar blank with the size of phi 7.0-phi 27.0mm, 4-18 rolling passes and the rolling accumulated deformation of 64.0-97.6%;
carrying out recrystallization heat treatment on the bar blank rolled in the step 3 by adopting a vacuum furnace, wherein the heat preservation temperature is 700-1100 ℃, and the vacuum degree in the heat preservation stage is less than or equal to 10-2Pa, keeping the temperature for 120-240 min, and straightening, grinding and polishing to obtain the pure niobium finished bar.
Example 1
The invention adopts a preparation method of a small-size pure niobium rod with uniform structure, which is implemented according to the following steps:
selecting a pure niobium rod blank with the diameter of phi 85mm, and performing precision forging on the pure niobium rod blank with the diameter of phi 45mm by 1 fire for 3 times at normal temperature, namely 25 ℃, wherein the total deformation amount is 72.0%.
Carrying out recrystallization annealing heat preservation in a vacuum annealing furnace, wherein the temperature is 900 ℃, and the vacuum degree in the heat preservation stage is 0.5 x 10-2Pa, and the heat preservation time is 120 min.
Placing the bar blank in a box-type resistance furnace, rolling the bar blank on a transverse rolling mill at the normal temperature of 25 ℃ until the bar blank is a finished bar blank, wherein the size of the finished bar blank is phi 7.0mm, and the accumulated rolling deformation is 97.6 percent after 18 passes of rolling; the hole pattern of the transverse rolling mill is round-flat-square during rolling deformation.
Adopting vacuum furnace for recrystallization heat treatment, keeping the temperature at 700 deg.C, and keeping the vacuum degree at 0.5 x 10-2Pa, keeping the temperature for 120min, and straightening, grinding and polishing to obtain the pure niobium finished bar.
Example 2
The invention adopts a preparation method of a small-size pure niobium rod with uniform structure, which is implemented according to the following steps:
selecting a pure niobium rod blank with the specification of phi 100mm, placing the pure niobium rod blank in a box type resistance furnace, heating to 500 ℃, carrying out 5-pass precision forging on the pure niobium rod blank with the specification of phi 45mm by adopting 1 fire, wherein the accumulated deformation of the precision forging is 80.0%;
using a vacuum annealing furnace to carry out recrystallization annealing heat preservation, wherein the annealing heat preservation temperature is 1200 ℃, and the vacuum degree in the heat preservation stage is 10-2Pa, and the heat preservation time is 240 min;
the bar stock is placed in a box-type resistance furnace and heated to 500 ℃, and is rolled on a transverse rolling mill to a finished bar stock, the size is phi 27mm, the cumulative deformation of 4-pass rolling is 64.0%, and the pass system of the transverse rolling mill is round-flat-square during rolling deformation.
Adopting vacuum furnace for recrystallization heat treatment, the heat preservation temperature is 1100 ℃, and the vacuum degree in the heat preservation stage is 10-2Pa, keeping the temperature for 240min, and straightening, grinding and polishing to obtain the pure niobium finished bar.
Example 3
Selecting a pure niobium precision forging bar blank with the specification of phi 95mm, placing the bar blank in a box type resistance furnace, heating to 500 ℃, keeping the temperature for 90min, and adopting 1-time 3-pass precision forging to obtain a rolled blank with the specification of phi 45 mm. The total deformation amount in the finish forging process was 77.6%.
And (3) placing the rolled blank with the diameter of 45mm in a vacuum annealing furnace, heating to 1100 ℃, preserving heat for 130min, cooling to room temperature, and discharging.
Placing the bar stock in a box-type resistance furnace, heating to 500 ℃, preserving heat for 60min, then rolling on a transverse rolling mill, and rolling by adopting 1-fire multi-pass rolling to obtain a finished bar stock with the diameter of 27mm in a certain organization state; the rolling passes are 4 passes, the deformation of each pass is 10-25%, and the accumulated deformation of 1 pass is 64.0%.
And (3) placing the rolled bar blank in a vacuum annealing furnace, heating to 1050 ℃, preserving heat for 130min, cooling to room temperature, discharging, and straightening and grinding to obtain a finished product bar of pure niobium with the diameter of 25 mm.
Example 4
Selecting a pure niobium precision forging bar blank with the specification of phi 95mm, placing the bar blank in a box type resistance furnace, and adopting 1-time 3-pass precision forging to obtain a rolled blank with the specification of phi 45mm at normal temperature, namely 25 ℃, wherein the total deformation amount in the precision forging process is 77.6 percent, and the pass deformation amount is 35.0-45.0 percent.
And (3) placing the rolled blank with the diameter of 45mm in a vacuum annealing furnace, heating to 900 ℃, keeping the temperature for 150min, cooling to room temperature, discharging, and finishing recrystallization annealing of the intermediate blank.
Rolling the bar stock subjected to recrystallization treatment on a transverse rolling mill at normal temperature, namely 25 ℃, and rolling by adopting 1-pass heat for 16 passes to obtain a finished bar stock with the diameter of 7mm in a certain tissue state; the deformation of each pass is 10.0-25.0%, and the accumulated deformation of 1 fire pass is 97.6%.
And (3) placing the rolled bar blank in a vacuum annealing furnace, heating to 730 ℃, preserving heat for 180min, cooling to room temperature, discharging, and straightening and grinding to obtain the pure niobium finished bar.
Example 5
Selecting a pure niobium precision forging bar blank with the specification of phi 95mm, placing the bar blank in a box type resistance furnace, heating to 500 ℃, keeping the temperature for 60min, and adopting 1-time 4-pass precision forging to obtain a rolled blank with the specification of phi 45 mm. The total deformation amount in the finish forging process was 77.6%.
And (3) placing the rolled blank with the diameter of 45mm in a vacuum annealing furnace, heating to 1000 ℃, preserving heat for 120min, cooling to room temperature, discharging, and finishing recrystallization annealing of the intermediate blank.
Placing the bar blank subjected to recrystallization treatment in a box-type resistance furnace, heating to 300 ℃, preserving heat for 60min, then rolling on a transverse rolling mill, and rolling by adopting 1-fire 10-pass rolling to obtain a finished bar blank with the diameter of 15mm in a certain tissue state; the deformation of each pass is 10.0-25.0%, and the accumulated deformation of 1 fire pass is 88.9%.
And (3) placing the rolled bar blank in a vacuum annealing furnace, heating to 950 ℃, preserving heat for 200min, cooling to room temperature, discharging, and straightening and grinding to obtain the pure niobium finished bar.
The pure niobium finished bars obtained in examples 3, 4 and 5 of the present application are respectively tested, the yield strength and tensile strength of the three finished bars are tested by strength testing equipment, the elongation and section expansion rate are tested by an elongation tester, the metallographic phase of example 5 is analyzed by a metallographic microscope, the horizontal structure hypo-graph is shown in fig. 1, the horizontal edge structure macro-graph is shown in fig. 2, the horizontal core structure macro-graph is shown in fig. 3, and the room temperature mechanical property of example 5 in an annealed state is tested, as shown in fig. 4.
As can be seen from the gold phase diagrams 1-3, the pure niobium rod has uniform transverse tissue structure; the test result figure 4 shows that the yield strength of the small-size pure niobium rod obtained by the preparation method of the invention reaches 75MPa, the tensile strength reaches 150MPa, the elongation reaches 50%, the section shrinkage reaches 90%, no obvious streamline is generated at low power, the high-power crystal grain range is less than 2 grade, and the preparation method has good batch stability.
According to the preparation method of the small-size pure niobium rod with uniform structure, the original recrystallized structure is completely crushed and approaches to the specification of a finished product through rolling deformation, and finally the small-size pure niobium rod with yield strength of 75MPa, tensile strength of 150MPa, elongation of 50%, reduction of section of 90%, low-power no obvious flow line, high-power crystal grain difference of less than 2-level is obtained through recrystallization annealing, and the small-size pure niobium rod with uniform structure has good batch consistency and stability and good use effect.
Claims (2)
1. A preparation method of a small-size pure niobium rod with uniform structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, finish forging uniform deformation
Selecting a pure niobium precision forging bar blank, and carrying out multi-pass precision forging for 1 fire time to obtain a rolled blank with the specification of phi 45 mm;
the specification of the pure niobium precision forging bar billet in the step 1 is phi 85 mm-phi 100 mm;
the multi-pass precision forging frequency is 3-5 passes, the precision forged blank is a rolled blank with a diameter of 45mm, and the precision forging accumulated deformation is 72.0% -80.0%;
step 2, recrystallization annealing of the rolled blank
Performing recrystallization annealing and heat preservation on the bar blank subjected to the finish forging treatment in the step 1 by using a vacuum annealing furnace;
in the step 2, the annealing heat preservation temperature is 900-1200 ℃, and the vacuum degree in the heat preservation stage is less than or equal to 10-2Pa, and the heat preservation time is 120-240 min;
step 3, rolling deformation
Rolling the bar stock processed in the step 2 on a horizontal rolling mill to obtain a finished bar stock;
in the step 3, the bar stock before rolling on the transverse rolling mill is placed in a box-type resistance furnace and heated to 25-500 ℃;
the size of the finished bar billet rolled in the step 3 is phi 7.0 mm-phi 27.0mm, the rolling pass is 4-18, and the rolling accumulated deformation is 64.0% -97.6%;
step 4, recrystallization, straightening and grinding of finished products
Carrying out recrystallization heat treatment on the bar blank rolled in the step 3 by using a vacuum furnace, and carrying out straightening, grinding and polishing processing to obtain a pure niobium finished bar;
the temperature of recrystallization heat treatment in a vacuum furnace is 700-1100 ℃, and the vacuum degree in the heat preservation stage is less than or equal to 10-2Pa, and the heat preservation time is 120-240 min.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step 1 of performing multi-pass precision forging with 1 fire is performed in a box-type electric resistance furnace to a temperature of 25 ℃ to 500 ℃ before performing the multi-pass precision forging.
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| CN1449452A (en) * | 2000-05-22 | 2003-10-15 | 卡伯特公司 | High purity niobium and products containing the same, and methods of making the same |
| CN1535322A (en) * | 2001-02-20 | 2004-10-06 | Hc | Refractory metal plates with uniform texture and methods of making same |
| CN101660130A (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2010-03-03 | 西部金属材料股份有限公司 | Method for preparing niobium sputtering target |
| WO2017078945A1 (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-05-11 | Tosoh Smd, Inc. | Method of making a tantalum sputtering target with increased deposition rate |
| CN109664078A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-23 | 西北有色金属研究院 | A kind of preparation method of the big specification niobium pipe target of fine grain |
| CN109675956A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-26 | 宁夏东方钽业股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of small dimension Niobium Superconducting stick |
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2019
- 2019-12-25 CN CN201911355329.9A patent/CN110983218B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1449452A (en) * | 2000-05-22 | 2003-10-15 | 卡伯特公司 | High purity niobium and products containing the same, and methods of making the same |
| CN1535322A (en) * | 2001-02-20 | 2004-10-06 | Hc | Refractory metal plates with uniform texture and methods of making same |
| CN101660130A (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2010-03-03 | 西部金属材料股份有限公司 | Method for preparing niobium sputtering target |
| WO2017078945A1 (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-05-11 | Tosoh Smd, Inc. | Method of making a tantalum sputtering target with increased deposition rate |
| CN109675956A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-26 | 宁夏东方钽业股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of small dimension Niobium Superconducting stick |
| CN109664078A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-23 | 西北有色金属研究院 | A kind of preparation method of the big specification niobium pipe target of fine grain |
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