CN110982517A - Method for preparing full-spectrum fluorescent carbon dots by one-pot method - Google Patents

Method for preparing full-spectrum fluorescent carbon dots by one-pot method Download PDF

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CN110982517A
CN110982517A CN201911062107.8A CN201911062107A CN110982517A CN 110982517 A CN110982517 A CN 110982517A CN 201911062107 A CN201911062107 A CN 201911062107A CN 110982517 A CN110982517 A CN 110982517A
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acid
carbon dots
fluorescent carbon
steps
pot
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王亮
李伟涛
李高
陈铿
韩禹
吴明红
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Beijing Transpacific Technology Development Ltd
University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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Beijing Transpacific Technology Development Ltd
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    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/08Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
    • C09K11/65Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing carbon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y20/00Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/15Nano-sized carbon materials

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing full-spectrum fluorescent carbon dots by using a one-pot method, which comprises the steps of taking aniline as a precursor, adding organic acid, and growing in an organic solvent by a solvothermal method to obtain carbon dots with different fluorescence; adding aniline and organic acid into an organic solvent according to a certain proportion, and growing by a solvothermal method at the reaction temperature of 120-250 ℃ for 2-48h to obtain carbon dots with different fluorescence; after the reaction, the reaction kettle is naturally cooled to room temperature, and is filtered by a 220nm filter membrane to obtain a carbon dot solution. The wavelength of the carbon dot emission peak synthesized by the method is between 450-700nm, and the fluorescence emission peak of the carbon dot is hardly changed along with the change of the excitation wavelength, so that the method has the characteristics of high fluorescence quantum yield and stable fluorescence intensity. The preparation method has the advantages of simple synthesis steps, short period and high yield.

Description

Method for preparing full-spectrum fluorescent carbon dots by one-pot method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a carbon nano material, in particular to a preparation method of a fluorescent carbon nano material, which is applied to the technical field of fluorescent carbon nano materials.
Background
There is a lot of light in the nature of human survival, of which the spectrum that can be perceived by the eye is called visible light. The wavelength range is approximately between 400 and 760nm, and the light can be divided into red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue and purple monochromatic light. These 7 monochromatic fluorescences can also be distinguished. The field of optoelectronic devices requires stable fluorescence in the blue, green and yellow regions, biological cell imaging, and the field of in vivo imaging requires long-wavelength red fluorescence. Aiming at the industrial requirement of full-spectrum fluorescence, the preparation of full-spectrum fluorescence quantum dots is very urgent.
Carbon dots, as a novel fluorescent carbon nanomaterial, have the advantages of high fluorescence quantum yield, high stability, low toxicity and the like, and thus are a hotspot in the research of luminescent materials in recent years. Compared with colloidal semiconductor quantum dot fluorescent materials (containing toxic elements such as Cd and Pd), the carbon dots have the advantages of low cost, environmental friendliness, easy realization of surface functionalization and the like, so that the carbon dots can be applied to white light-emitting devices, and the light-emitting devices are low in cost, simple in process, high in stability and environment-friendly.
The synthesis method of carbon dots is divided into two main categories, top-down and bottom-up. The top-down method is to cut large-sized carbon precursors (carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers) into small-sized carbon dots by a physical or chemical method. The bottom-up method uses small organic molecules as precursors and obtains carbon dots by a series of chemical synthesis methods. Most of the carbon dot fluorescence reported so far is blue, green and yellow, and very few are red fluorescence. In full spectrum coverage, the synthesis technology has not been broken through, and the current situation greatly limits the application of the carbon dots in a plurality of fields.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a method for preparing full-spectrum fluorescent carbon dots by using a one-pot method, which can simultaneously prepare a fluorescent carbon dot material with fluorescence covering the whole visible light region; the method has the advantages of simple steps, short period and high yield.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing full-spectrum fluorescent carbon dots by using a one-pot method comprises the following steps of taking aniline as a precursor, adding organic acid, and growing in an organic solvent by a solvothermal method to obtain carbon dots with different fluorescence:
a. slowly adding aniline and organic acid into 10-50 mL of organic solvent under the stirring condition according to the molar ratio of 1: 10-10: 1, carrying out ultrasonic stirring on the mixed solution for 10-30 minutes, transferring the mixed solution into a polytetrafluoroethylene high-pressure reaction kettle, and carrying out solvothermal reaction for 2-48 hours at 120-250 ℃ to obtain a product mixed solution; preferably, carrying out solvothermal reaction for 4-48 h at 120-220 ℃ to obtain a product mixed solution;
b. and d, after the product mixed solution prepared in the step a is cooled to room temperature, taking out the product mixed solution, filtering with a 220nm filter membrane, transferring the filtered solution into a dialysis bag for dialysis to obtain a carbon dot solution, and then drying the carbon dot solution in vacuum at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ to obtain carbon dot powder.
Preferably, the fluorescence of the prepared carbon dots covers the full spectral range, including blue, cyan, green, yellow-green, yellow, orange, red and white fluorescence.
Preferably, the emission peak of the prepared carbon dot is in the range of 450-700 nm.
The thickness of the prepared carbon dots is preferably 0.6-1 nm.
The particle size of the prepared carbon dots is preferably 1-10 nm.
The filter membrane adopts a 220nm filter membrane.
Preferably, aniline and organic acid are dissolved in an organic solvent according to a molar ratio of 1 (0.5-6.0).
Preferably, the anilinium is an organic substance or a mixture of any several substances, wherein the benzene ring of any one of o-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine and p-phenylenediamine has an amino functional group.
The organic acid is preferably any one or a mixture of any two of adipic acid, cysteine, sulfosalicylic acid, lysine, glutamic acid, ascorbic acid, folic acid, acetic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, terephthalic acid, p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, folic acid, boric acid, salicylic acid, lauric acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, phosphoric acid, aspartic acid, barbituric acid, uric acid, formic acid, tartaric acid and citric acid.
The organic solvent is preferably any one solvent or a mixture of any two of toluene, acetone, DMF, acetonitrile, ethylene glycol, chloroform, isopropanol, formamide, methanol, N-methylpyrrolidone, glycerol, tert-butanol, tetrahydrofuran and ethanol.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following obvious and prominent substantive characteristics and remarkable advantages:
1. the method can simultaneously obtain the full-spectrum fluorescent carbon dots covering visible light, and the full-spectrum fluorescent carbon dots have stable fluorescent optical properties, are safe and nontoxic, and have the characteristics of high fluorescent quantum yield and stable fluorescent intensity;
2. the method is simple and rapid, has short period and high yield, and has universal applicability;
3. the full-spectrum fluorescent carbon dots prepared by the method have the size of 1-10nm and the thickness of 0.6-1nm, are few layers of graphene, have obvious nanometer size effect, can be applied to a white light-emitting device, and have the advantages of low cost, simplified process, high stability and environmental friendliness.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a fluorescence characteristic diagram of a full-spectrum fluorescent carbon dot prepared according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention, where fig. 1a is a fluorescence photograph of the full-spectrum fluorescent carbon dot under visible light and an ultraviolet lamp, and fig. 1b is a fluorescence spectrum diagram of the full-spectrum fluorescent carbon dot.
FIG. 2 is an emission absorption characterization spectrum of a blue fluorescent carbon dot prepared by a method in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is an emission absorption characterization spectrum of a cyan fluorescent carbon dot prepared by the second method of the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is an emission absorption characterization spectrum of a yellow-green fluorescent carbon dot prepared by the three-way method in the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is an emission absorption characterization spectrum of an orange fluorescent carbon dot prepared by a tetragonal method according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 is an emission absorption characterization spectrum of a red fluorescent carbon dot prepared by the fifth method of the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 is an emission absorption characterization spectrum of a white fluorescent carbon dot prepared by the hexagonal method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a TEM and HRTEM image of a white fluorescent carbon dot prepared by the hexagonal method of the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is an AFM photograph of a white fluorescent carbon dot prepared according to the hexagonal method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The above-described scheme is further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments, which are detailed below:
the first embodiment is as follows:
in this embodiment, a method for preparing a spectral fluorescent carbon dot includes the following steps of using m-phenylenediamine as a precursor, adding aminobenzene sulfonic acid, and growing the m-phenylenediamine in a toluene organic solvent by a solvothermal method to obtain a fluorescent carbon dot:
a. adding toluene to dissolve m-phenylenediamine and aminobenzenesulfonic acid according to a molar ratio of 2:1, uniformly stirring, transferring to a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, transferring the mixed solution to a polytetrafluoroethylene high-pressure reaction kettle, and carrying out solvothermal reaction for 8 hours at 120 ℃ to obtain a product mixed solution;
b. and d, naturally cooling the product mixed solution prepared in the step a to room temperature, taking out the product mixed solution, filtering with a 220nm filter membrane, transferring the filtered solution into a dialysis bag for dialysis, and obtaining the carbon dot solution.
Experimental analysis and test:
a test spectrum experiment is performed on the carbon dot solution prepared in this example, and fig. 2 is an emission absorption characterization spectrogram of the blue fluorescent carbon dot prepared by the method in this example, which shows that the blue fluorescent carbon dot is prepared in this example.
Example two:
this embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment, and is characterized in that:
in this embodiment, a method for preparing a spectral fluorescent carbon dot includes the following steps:
a. adding ethanol to p-phenylenediamine and ascorbic acid according to a molar ratio of 1:1 for dissolving, uniformly stirring, transferring to a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, transferring the mixed solution to a polytetrafluoroethylene high-pressure reaction kettle, and carrying out solvothermal reaction for 4 hours at 170 ℃ to obtain a product mixed solution;
b. and d, naturally cooling the product mixed solution prepared in the step a to room temperature, taking out the product mixed solution, filtering with a 220nm filter membrane, transferring the filtered solution into a dialysis bag for dialysis, and obtaining the carbon dot solution.
Experimental analysis and test:
a test spectrum experiment is performed on the carbon dot solution prepared in this example, and fig. 3 is an emission absorption characterization spectrogram of the cyan fluorescent carbon dot prepared by the method in this example, which shows that the cyan fluorescent carbon dot is prepared in this example.
Example three:
this embodiment is substantially the same as the previous embodiment, and is characterized in that:
in this embodiment, a method for preparing a spectral fluorescent carbon dot includes the following steps:
a. adding acetone to dissolve o-phenylenediamine and terephthalic acid according to a molar ratio of 1:2, uniformly stirring, transferring the mixture into a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, transferring the mixed solution into a polytetrafluoroethylene high-pressure reaction kettle, and carrying out solvothermal reaction for 6 hours at 200 ℃ to obtain a product mixed solution;
b. and d, naturally cooling the product mixed solution prepared in the step a to room temperature, taking out the product mixed solution, filtering with a 220nm filter membrane, transferring the filtered solution into a dialysis bag for dialysis, and obtaining the carbon dot solution.
Experimental analysis and test:
a test spectrum experiment is performed on the carbon dot solution prepared in this example, and fig. 4 is an emission absorption characterization spectrogram of the yellow-green fluorescent carbon dot prepared by the method in this example, which shows that the yellow-green fluorescent carbon dot is prepared in this example.
Example four:
this embodiment is substantially the same as the previous embodiment, and is characterized in that:
in this embodiment, a method for preparing a spectral fluorescent carbon dot comprises the following steps of using m-phenylenediamine as a precursor, adding acetic acid, and growing in a DMF organic solvent by a solvothermal method to obtain a fluorescent carbon dot:
a. adding DMF (dimethyl formamide) to dissolve m-phenylenediamine and acetic acid according to a molar ratio of 1:2, uniformly stirring, transferring the mixture into a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, transferring the mixed solution into a polytetrafluoroethylene high-pressure reaction kettle, and carrying out solvothermal reaction for 12 hours at 150 ℃ to obtain a product mixed solution;
b. and d, naturally cooling the product mixed solution prepared in the step a to room temperature, taking out the product mixed solution, filtering with a 220nm filter membrane, transferring the filtered solution into a dialysis bag for dialysis, and obtaining the carbon dot solution.
Experimental analysis and test:
a test spectrum experiment is performed on the carbon dot solution prepared in this example, and fig. 5 is an emission absorption characterization spectrogram of the orange fluorescent carbon dot prepared by the method in this example, which shows that the orange fluorescent carbon dot is prepared in this example.
Example five:
this embodiment is substantially the same as the previous embodiment, and is characterized in that:
in this embodiment, a method for preparing a spectral fluorescent carbon dot includes the following steps:
a. adding ethanol to p-phenylenediamine and citric acid according to a molar ratio of 2:3 for dissolving, uniformly stirring, transferring the solution to a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, transferring the mixed solution to the polytetrafluoroethylene high-pressure reaction kettle, and carrying out solvothermal reaction at 180 ℃ for 36 hours to obtain a product mixed solution;
b. and d, naturally cooling the product mixed solution prepared in the step a to room temperature, taking out the product mixed solution, filtering with a 220nm filter membrane, transferring the filtered solution into a dialysis bag for dialysis, and obtaining the carbon dot solution.
Experimental analysis and test:
a test spectrum experiment is performed on the carbon dot solution prepared in this example, and fig. 6 is an emission absorption characterization spectrogram of the red fluorescent carbon dots prepared by the method in this example, which shows that the red fluorescent carbon dots are prepared in this example.
Example six:
this embodiment is substantially the same as the previous embodiment, and is characterized in that:
in this embodiment, a method for preparing a spectral fluorescent carbon dot includes the following steps of using o-phenylenediamine as a precursor, adding tartaric acid, and growing in an acetonitrile organic solvent by a solvothermal method to obtain a fluorescent carbon dot:
a. adding acetonitrile into o-phenylenediamine and tartaric acid according to a molar ratio of 1:6 for dissolving, uniformly stirring, transferring the mixture into a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, transferring the mixed solution into the polytetrafluoroethylene high-pressure reaction kettle, and carrying out solvothermal reaction for 48 hours at 220 ℃ to obtain a product mixed solution;
b. and d, naturally cooling the product mixed solution prepared in the step a to room temperature, taking out the product mixed solution, filtering with a 220nm filter membrane, transferring the filtered solution into a dialysis bag for dialysis, and obtaining the carbon dot solution.
Experimental analysis and test:
a test spectrum experiment is performed on the carbon dot solution prepared in this example, and fig. 7 is an emission absorption characterization spectrogram of the white fluorescent carbon dots prepared by the method in this example, which shows that the white fluorescent carbon dots are prepared in this example. FIG. 8 is a TEM and HRTEM photograph of a white fluorescent carbon dot prepared by the method of this example. FIG. 9 is an AFM photograph of a white fluorescent carbon dot prepared by the method of this example. Therefore, the size of the fluorescent carbon dots prepared by the method is 1-10nm, the thickness of the fluorescent carbon dots is 0.6-1nm, the thickness of the fluorescent carbon dots is a few layers of graphene, the prepared fluorescent carbon dots have obvious nanometer size effect, and the carbon dots can be applied to a white light-emitting device, so that the cost of the light-emitting device is reduced, the process is simplified, the stability is high, and the environment is friendly.
Example seven:
this embodiment is substantially the same as the previous embodiment, and is characterized in that:
in this embodiment, in combination with the above embodiments, a method for preparing a full spectrum fluorescent carbon dot by a one-pot method is characterized in that aniline is used as a precursor, an organic acid is added, and carbon dots with different fluorescence are obtained by growing in an organic solvent by a solvothermal method, wherein the wavelength of the emission peak of the carbon dots synthesized by the method of this embodiment is between 450-700nm, and the emission peak of the fluorescence of the carbon dots hardly changes with the change of excitation wavelength, so that the method has the characteristics of high fluorescence quantum yield and stable fluorescence intensity, wherein fig. a is a fluorescent photograph of the full spectrum fluorescent carbon dot under visible light and an ultraviolet lamp, and fig. b is a fluorescent spectrum of the full spectrum fluorescent carbon dot. The preparation method of the invention is simply summarized as follows: adding aniline and organic acid into an organic solvent according to a certain proportion, and growing by a solvothermal method under the conditions that the reaction temperature is 120-250 ℃ and the time is 2-48h to obtain carbon dots with different fluorescence. After the reaction, the reaction kettle is naturally cooled to room temperature, and is filtered by a 220nm filter membrane to obtain a carbon dot solution. The invention provides a method for preparing full-spectrum fluorescent carbon dots by a one-pot method, which has the advantages of simple synthesis steps, short period and high yield.
While the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations or simplifications made according to the spirit and principles of the present invention should be replaced by equivalents, so long as the technical principles and inventive concepts of the method for preparing a full spectrum fluorescent carbon dot by a one-pot method according to the present invention are not departed from the technical principles and inventive concepts of the method for preparing a full spectrum fluorescent carbon dot by a one-pot method.

Claims (10)

1. A method for preparing full-spectrum fluorescent carbon dots by using a one-pot method is characterized in that aniline is used as a precursor, organic acid is added, and carbon dots with different fluorescence are obtained by growing in an organic solvent by a solvothermal method, and the method comprises the following steps:
a. slowly adding aniline and organic acid into 10-50 mL of organic solvent under the stirring condition according to the molar ratio of 1: 10-10: 1, carrying out ultrasonic stirring on the mixed solution for 10-30 minutes, transferring the mixed solution into a polytetrafluoroethylene high-pressure reaction kettle, and carrying out solvothermal reaction for 2-48 hours at 120-250 ℃ to obtain a product mixed solution;
b. and d, after the product mixed solution prepared in the step a is cooled to room temperature, taking out the product mixed solution, filtering with a 220nm filter membrane, transferring the filtered solution into a dialysis bag for dialysis to obtain a carbon dot solution, and then drying the carbon dot solution in vacuum at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ to obtain carbon dot powder.
2. The method for preparing full spectrum fluorescent carbon dots by the one-pot method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step b, the fluorescence of the prepared carbon dots covers the full spectrum range, including blue, cyan, green, yellow-green, yellow, orange, red and white fluorescence.
3. The method for preparing full spectrum fluorescent carbon dots by the one-pot method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step b, the emission peak of the prepared carbon dot is in the range of 450-700 nm.
4. The method for preparing full spectrum fluorescent carbon dots by the one-pot method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step b, the thickness of the prepared carbon dots is 0.6-1 nm.
5. The method for preparing full spectrum fluorescent carbon dots by the one-pot method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step b, the particle size of the prepared carbon dots is 1-10 nm.
6. The method for preparing full spectrum fluorescent carbon dots by the one-pot method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step b, a filter membrane of 220nm is adopted as the filter membrane.
7. The method for preparing full spectrum fluorescent carbon dots by the one-pot method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step a, aniline and organic acid are dissolved in an organic solvent according to a molar ratio of 1 (0.5-6.0).
8. The method for preparing full spectrum fluorescent carbon dots by the one-pot method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step a, the anilinium is an organic substance or a mixture of any several substances, wherein the benzene ring of any one of o-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine and p-phenylenediamine has an amino functional group.
9. The method for preparing full spectrum fluorescent carbon dots by the one-pot method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step a, the organic acid is any one or a mixture of any two of adipic acid, cysteine, sulfosalicylic acid, lysine, glutamic acid, ascorbic acid, folic acid, acetic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, terephthalic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, folic acid, boric acid, salicylic acid, lauric acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, phosphoric acid, aspartic acid, barbituric acid, uric acid, formic acid, tartaric acid and citric acid.
10. The method for preparing full spectrum fluorescent carbon dots by the one-pot method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step a, the organic solvent is any one solvent or a mixture of any several solvents of toluene, acetone, DMF, acetonitrile, ethylene glycol, chloroform, isopropanol, formamide, methanol, N-methylpyrrolidone, glycerol, tert-butanol, tetrahydrofuran and ethanol.
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