CN110982041A - Castor oil-based polyurethane foam and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Castor oil-based polyurethane foam and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
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- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
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- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
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- C08G2110/0066—≥ 150kg/m3
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polyurethane foam material with castor oil and amino acid as main raw materials. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the polyurethane foam material, wherein the preparation method comprises the steps of carrying out ammonolysis reaction on castor oil and amino acid serving as raw materials under the condition of no organic solvent, and then reacting with diisocyanate or polyisocyanate to obtain the polyurethane foam material. According to the invention, the amido bond is introduced into the polyurethane, so that the strength and stability of the polyurethane are enhanced, and the prepared polyurethane foam has more excellent performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of polymer synthetic chemistry, and relates to a castor oil-based polyurethane foam material and a preparation method thereof. More specifically, the castor oil-based polyurethane foam material is prepared by reacting cheap and renewable castor oil with amino acid to obtain polyol containing amido bonds, and reacting the polyol with isocyanate.
Background
With the increasing shortage of petroleum resources and the continuous enhancement of environmental protection concept, the synthetic method based on castor oil-based materials becomes one of the current research hotspots and is more and more paid attention by people. The polyurethane foam synthesized by using the polyhydroxy vegetable oil and the castor oil-based material as raw materials is more environment-friendly and has wide application prospect.
Polyurethane is a high molecular synthetic material containing carbamate on the main chain, and is a mixed system with soft and hard sections. In recent years, the polyurethane industry has been rapidly developed, and polyurethane elastomers themselves have characteristics of good elasticity, stretchability, hardness, and the like. The polyurethane elastomer has mechanical properties between those of plastics and rubbers, and has good chemical resistance, and due to the characteristics, the polyurethane elastomer is widely applied to the fields of traffic, buildings, textiles, medical treatment, machinery and the like.
Castor oil is one of the ten major oil sources in the world as a renewable resource and is not edible. The average hydroxyl functionality of castor oil is 2.7, with about 75% of the triglycerides containing three ricinoyl groups. The annual output of castor oil in China is the third world. The castor oil is used for replacing other petroleum polyols and is one of the main directions of the research of the castor oil-based polyurethane at present, the cost of the polyurethane synthesized without using the petroleum polyols can be reduced, and the castor oil-based polyurethane is more environment-friendly and has higher research value and better application prospect. The polyurethane synthesized by adopting the castor oil can improve the crosslinking degree of the polyurethane and improve the performance.
In the research of castor oil polyurethane, the performance of polyurethane synthesized by single castor oil is limited, and due to the high crosslinking degree of the castor oil, the synthetic polyurethane elastomer has low flexibility and impact strength. Therefore, polyurethane synthesized by single castor oil has certain application limitation, the castor oil is subjected to aminolysis by amino acid to obtain polyol containing amido bond, and the polyol is reacted with diisocyanate or polyisocyanate to obtain polyurethane containing amido bond, so that the self performance of polyurethane foam is improved.
Polyamide is a general term for polymers having a polar amide group (-CO-NH-) in the repeating unit of the macromolecular main chain. The polyamide has good comprehensive properties including mechanical property, heat resistance and wear resistance. Due to its good properties, polyamide is a widely used engineering plastic.
The diamine-containing amino acids are: lysine and cystine. Different from the traditional chemical raw materials, the production method of lysine and cystine mainly adopts the cheap raw materials of plants, hair and the like to carry out fermentation or direct extraction preparation. The preparation method is simple, so that the cost of the two amino acids is low. Therefore, the application range of lysine and cystine is gradually expanded.
At present, the mainstream castor oil-based polyurethane foam is prepared by modifying castor oil to prepare high-performance polyurethane foam, and the method has the defects of high cost, complex process and the like. Therefore, the modified castor oil-based polyurethane foam still has problems in application. The polyurethane foam prepared by the method has the advantages of being mainly made of bio-based raw materials, good in mechanical property of the foam, simple and convenient in preparation method, wide in application prospect and the like, and the foaming agent is cheap and green water and has no solvent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of poor performance, environment friendliness and complex process of polyurethane foam prepared by taking single castor oil as a raw material in the prior art. The preparation method comprises the steps of preparing polyatomic alcohol containing amido bonds through the reaction of castor oil, L-lysine and L-cystine, and reacting the polyatomic alcohol with isocyanate to obtain the polyurethane foam. The material can ensure the hardness, tensile strength and flexibility in mechanical property, and has the characteristics of environment-friendly raw materials and simple process. The invention is realized by the following processes:
a castor oil-based polyurethane foam material and a preparation method thereof are carried out according to the following steps:
(1) stirring castor oil and amino acid at 70-170 deg.C at 700r/min for 6-12 hr to obtain bio-based polyol;
(2) and mixing the bio-based polyol with a foaming agent, a catalyst and diisocyanate or polyisocyanate, stirring at 1400r/min for 20s, and curing at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain the castor oil-based polyurethane foam.
Preferably, the castor oil in the step (1) is pure castor oil or industrial grade castor oil.
Preferably, the amino acid in the step (1) is one of L-lysine and L-cystine.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the castor oil to the amino acid is 10: 0.7-6.2.
Preferably, the diisocyanate or polyisocyanate in step (2) is one or more of p-phenylene diisocyanate, 1, 3-phenylene diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, triphenylmethane triisocyanate and polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate.
Preferably, the catalyst in step (2) is one or more of stannous octoate, dibutyltin dilaurate, triethylene diamine, triethanolamine and tetramethyl diethylene triamine.
Preferably, the foaming agent in the step (2) is pure water.
Preferably, no solvent other than the blowing agent is added during the preparation of the material.
The castor oil-based polyurethane foam material is prepared by the preparation method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the synthesized castor oil substrate has the advantages of cheap and easily available raw materials, convenient synthesis, mild reaction conditions and the like; the polyurethane foam synthesized by the method has the advantages of excellent performance, convenience in synthesis, mild reaction conditions, no adoption of a prepolymerization mode, no addition of a solvent, pure water foaming, environmental friendliness, safety, environmental friendliness, strong controllability and easiness in implementation.
(2) According to the invention, the amido bond is introduced into the polyurethane, so that the strength and stability of the polyurethane are enhanced, and the prepared polyurethane foam has more excellent performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a chart of the infrared spectrum of a polyurethane foam based on a castor oil substrate (I).
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to be purely exemplary of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and the following examples are intended to be exemplary of experimental procedures not specifically identified, generally in accordance with conventional conditions, or in accordance with conditions provided or suggested by the manufacturer. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs, and any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those used in the methods of the present invention may be used.
The raw materials in the examples are first explained:
the foaming agent is uniformly pure water.
The catalyst is triethylene diamine, dilauric acid and dibutyltin.
Example 1
Preparation of a Castor oil-based substrate (I): weighing 10.00g of castor oil and 3.50g of L-lysine into a reaction vessel, heating the reaction solution to 70 ℃, stirring at the constant temperature of 700r/min for 10h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the castor oil substrate (I).
A process for the preparation of polyurethane foams based on castor oil-based substrates (I): pouring the castor oil substrate (I) into a container, and adding 6.00g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1.0g of pure water, 0.15g of dibutyltin dilaurate and 0.10g of triethylene diamine; stirring at 1400r/min for 10s, pouring into a mold, curing at room temperature for 24h, and demolding to obtain the polyurethane foam based on the castor oil-based object (I).
Example 2
Preparation of a Castor oil-based substrate (I): weighing 10.00g of castor oil and 4.00g of L-lysine into a reaction vessel, heating the reaction solution to 100 ℃, stirring at the constant temperature of 700r/min for 10 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the castor oil substrate (I).
A process for the preparation of polyurethane foams based on castor oil-based substrates (I): pouring the castor oil substrate (I) into a container, and adding 6.00g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1.0g of pure water, 0.15g of dibutyltin dilaurate and 0.10g of triethylene diamine; stirring at 1400r/min for 10s, pouring into a mold, curing at room temperature for 24h, and demolding to obtain the polyurethane foam based on the castor oil-based object (I).
Example 3
Preparation of a Castor oil-based substrate (I): weighing 10.00g of castor oil and 4.00g of L-lysine into a reaction vessel, heating the reaction solution to 170 ℃, stirring at the constant temperature of 700r/min for 10h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the castor oil substrate (I).
A process for the preparation of polyurethane foams based on castor oil-based substrates (I): pouring the castor oil substrate (I) into a container, and adding 6.00g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1.0g of pure water, 0.15g of dibutyltin dilaurate and 0.10g of triethylene diamine; stirring at 1400r/min for 10s, pouring into a mold, curing at room temperature for 24h, and demolding to obtain the polyurethane foam based on the castor oil-based object (I).
Example 4
Preparation of a Castor oil-based substrate (I): weighing 10.00g of castor oil and 3.50g of L-lysine into a reaction vessel, heating the reaction solution to 40 ℃, stirring at the constant temperature of 700r/min for 10 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the castor oil substrate (I).
A process for the preparation of polyurethane foams based on castor oil-based substrates (I): pouring the castor oil substrate (I) into a container, and adding 6.00g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1.0g of pure water, 0.15g of dibutyltin dilaurate and 0.10g of triethylene diamine; stirring at 1400r/min for 10s, pouring into a mold, curing at room temperature for 24h, and demolding to obtain the polyurethane foam based on the castor oil-based object (I).
Example 5
Preparation of a Castor oil-based substrate (I): weighing 10.00g of castor oil and 4.20g of L-lysine into a reaction vessel, heating the reaction solution to 140 ℃, stirring at the constant temperature of 700r/min for 10h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the castor oil substrate (I).
A process for the preparation of polyurethane foams based on castor oil-based substrates (I): pouring the castor oil substrate (I) into a container, and adding 6.50g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2.0g of pure water, 0.15g of dibutyltin dilaurate and 0.20g of triethylene diamine; stirring at 1400r/min for 10s, pouring into a mold, curing at room temperature for 24h, and demolding to obtain the polyurethane foam based on the castor oil-based object (I).
Example 6
Preparation of a Castor oil-based substrate (I): weighing 10.00g of castor oil and 4.20g of L-lysine into a reaction vessel, heating the reaction solution to 140 ℃, stirring at the constant temperature of 700r/min for 10h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the castor oil substrate (I).
A process for the preparation of polyurethane foams based on castor oil-based substrates (I): pouring the castor oil substrate (I) into a container, and adding 5.70g of polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate, 2.0g of pure water, 0.15g of dibutyltin dilaurate and 0.15g of triethylene diamine; stirring at 1400r/min for 10s, pouring into a mold, curing at room temperature for 24h, and demolding to obtain the polyurethane foam based on the castor oil-based object (I).
Example 7
Preparation of a Castor oil-based substrate (I): weighing 10.00g of castor oil and 4.20g of L-lysine into a reaction vessel, heating the reaction solution to 140 ℃, stirring at the constant temperature of 700r/min for 10h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the castor oil substrate (I).
A process for the preparation of polyurethane foams based on castor oil-based substrates (I): pouring the castor oil substrate (I) into a container, and adding 4.40g of hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1.5g of pure water, 0.15g of dibutyltin dilaurate and 0.10g of triethylene diamine; stirring at 1400r/min for 10s, pouring into a mold, curing at room temperature for 24h, and demolding to obtain the polyurethane foam based on the castor oil-based object (I).
Example 8
The preparation method of the castor oil substrate (II) comprises the following steps: weighing 10.00g of castor oil and 4.50g of L-cystine in a reaction vessel, heating the reaction solution to 70 ℃, stirring at the constant temperature of 700r/min for 8h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the castor oil substrate (II).
A method for producing polyurethane foams based on castor oil-based substrates (II): pouring the castor oil substrate (I) into a container, and adding 6.20g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1.5g of pure water, 0.10g of dibutyltin dilaurate and 0.15g of triethylene diamine; stirring at 1400r/min for 10s, pouring into a mold, aging at room temperature for 24h, and demolding to obtain the polyurethane foam based on the castor oil-based substrate (II).
Example 9
The preparation method of the castor oil substrate (II) comprises the following steps: weighing 10.00g of castor oil and 4.50g of L-cystine in a reaction vessel, heating the reaction solution to 100 ℃, stirring at the constant temperature of 700r/min for 8h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the castor oil substrate (II).
A method for producing polyurethane foams based on castor oil-based substrates (II): pouring the castor oil substrate (I) into a container, and adding 6.20g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1.5g of pure water, 0.10g of dibutyltin dilaurate and 0.15g of triethylene diamine; stirring at 1400r/min for 10s, pouring into a mold, aging at room temperature for 24h, and demolding to obtain the polyurethane foam based on the castor oil-based substrate (II).
Example 10
The preparation method of the castor oil substrate (II) comprises the following steps: weighing 10.00g of castor oil and 4.50g of L-cystine in a reaction vessel, heating the reaction solution to 170 ℃, stirring at the constant temperature of 700r/min for 8h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the castor oil substrate (II).
A method for producing polyurethane foams based on castor oil-based substrates (II): pouring the castor oil substrate (I) into a container, and adding 6.20g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1.5g of pure water, 0.10g of dibutyltin dilaurate and 0.15g of triethylene diamine; stirring at 1400r/min for 10s, pouring into a mold, aging at room temperature for 24h, and demolding to obtain the polyurethane foam based on the castor oil-based substrate (II).
Example 11
The preparation method of the castor oil substrate (II) comprises the following steps: weighing 10.00g of castor oil and 4.50g of L-cystine in a reaction vessel, heating the reaction solution to 40 ℃, stirring at the constant temperature of 700r/min for 8h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the castor oil substrate (II).
A method for producing polyurethane foams based on castor oil-based substrates (II): pouring the castor oil substrate (I) into a container, and adding 6.20g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1.5g of pure water, 0.10g of dibutyltin dilaurate and 0.15g of triethylene diamine; stirring at 1400r/min for 10s, pouring into a mold, aging at room temperature for 24h, and demolding to obtain the polyurethane foam based on the castor oil-based substrate (II).
Example 12
The preparation method of the castor oil substrate (II) comprises the following steps: weighing 10.00g of castor oil and 5.00g of L-cystine in a reaction vessel, heating the reaction solution to 140 ℃, stirring at the constant temperature of 700r/min for 8h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the castor oil substrate (II).
A method for producing polyurethane foams based on castor oil-based substrates (II): pouring the castor oil substrate (I) into a container, and adding 6.20g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1.5g of pure water, 0.10g of dibutyltin dilaurate and 0.15g of triethylene diamine; stirring at 1400r/min for 10s, pouring into a mold, aging at room temperature for 24h, and demolding to obtain the polyurethane foam based on the castor oil-based substrate (II).
Example 13
The preparation method of the castor oil substrate (II) comprises the following steps: weighing 10.00g of castor oil and 5.00g of L-cystine in a reaction vessel, heating the reaction solution to 90 ℃, stirring at the constant temperature of 700r/min for 8h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the castor oil substrate (II).
A method for producing polyurethane foams based on castor oil-based substrates (II): pouring the castor oil substrate (I) into a container, and adding 5.30g of polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate, 2.0g of pure water, 0.10g of dibutyltin dilaurate and 0.15g of triethylene diamine; stirring at 1400r/min for 10s, pouring into a mold, aging at room temperature for 24h, and demolding to obtain the polyurethane foam based on the castor oil-based substrate (II).
Example 14
The preparation method of the castor oil substrate (II) comprises the following steps: weighing 10.00g of castor oil and 5.00g of L-cystine in a reaction vessel, heating the reaction solution to 100 ℃, stirring at the constant temperature of 700r/min for 6h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the castor oil substrate (II).
A method for producing polyurethane foams based on castor oil-based substrates (II): pouring the castor oil substrate (I) into a container, and adding 4.30g of hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2.0g of pure water, 0.15g of dibutyltin dilaurate and 0.10g of triethylene diamine; stirring at 1400r/min for 10s, pouring into a mold, aging at room temperature for 24h, and demolding to obtain the polyurethane foam based on the castor oil-based substrate (II).
The polyurethanes prepared in the above examples were tested for density and compressive strength and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
With the rising of the reaction temperature, the mechanical property of the prepared polyurethane foam is improved, and the obtained polyurethane foam is hard polyurethane foam. Polyurethane foam prepared from single castor oil is polyurethane soft foam, has poor stability under pressure, and has small application range due to mechanical properties. By adding amino acid, the mechanical property of the polyurethane is improved, the preparation method is simple, and the stability and the application range of the polyurethane are improved.
Claims (9)
1. The castor oil-based polyurethane foam material and the preparation method thereof are characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) stirring castor oil and amino acid at 70-170 deg.C at 700r/min for 6-12 hr to obtain bio-based polyol;
(2) and mixing the bio-based polyol with a foaming agent, a catalyst and diisocyanate or polyisocyanate, stirring at 1400r/min, and curing at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain the castor oil-based polyurethane foam.
2. The castor oil-based polyurethane foam and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the castor oil-based polyurethane foam comprises the following components: the castor oil in the step (1) is pure castor oil or industrial grade castor oil.
3. The castor oil-based polyurethane foam material and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the amino acid in the step (1) is one or two of L-lysine and L-cystine mixed in any ratio.
4. The castor oil-based polyurethane foam material and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the castor oil to the amino acid in the step (1) is 10 to (0.7)～6.2)。
5. The castor oil based polyurethane foam and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the diisocyanate or polyisocyanate of step (2) is one or more selected from the group consisting of p-phenylene diisocyanate, 1, 3-phenylene diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, triphenylmethane triisocyanate, and polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate.
6. The castor oil based polyurethane foam and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst in the step (2) is one or more of stannous octoate, dibutyltin dilaurate, triethylene diamine, triethanolamine, and tetramethyl diethylene triamine.
7. The castor oil-based polyurethane foam and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the foaming agent in the step (2) is pure water.
8. The castor oil-based polyurethane foam and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein no solvent other than the foaming agent is added during the preparation of the material.
9. A castor oil-based polyurethane foam prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112225866A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-01-15 | 江南大学 | Bio-based polyurethane hard foam material and preparation method thereof |
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