CN110981346A - High-temperature-resistant civil construction material with good heat preservation effect and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-temperature-resistant civil construction material with good heat preservation effect and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110981346A CN110981346A CN201911301428.9A CN201911301428A CN110981346A CN 110981346 A CN110981346 A CN 110981346A CN 201911301428 A CN201911301428 A CN 201911301428A CN 110981346 A CN110981346 A CN 110981346A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/18—Waste materials; Refuse organic
- C04B18/24—Vegetable refuse, e.g. rice husks, maize-ear refuse; Cellulosic materials, e.g. paper, cork
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/18—Waste materials; Refuse organic
- C04B18/24—Vegetable refuse, e.g. rice husks, maize-ear refuse; Cellulosic materials, e.g. paper, cork
- C04B18/248—Vegetable refuse, e.g. rice husks, maize-ear refuse; Cellulosic materials, e.g. paper, cork from specific plants, e.g. hemp fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/02—Treatment
- C04B20/023—Chemical treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
- C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and discloses a high-temperature-resistant civil building material with a good heat preservation effect, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 45-62 parts of cement, 10-18 parts of fly ash, 10-18 parts of clay, 20-32 parts of construction waste, 28-35 parts of modified plant fiber, 5-8 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 2-4 parts of a dispersing agent, 3-5 parts of a water reducing agent and 30-45 parts of water. The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material. The invention reasonably utilizes the waste building garbage and the fly ash, reduces the environmental pollution, and adds the modified plant fiber into the building material, and the fiber molecules are twisted together and are mutually crosslinked into a network structure, so that the building material can solidify the crosslinked network structure in the building material after solidification, thereby achieving the integral fastening, preventing the stress concentration, improving the strength and simultaneously improving the heat preservation effect and the flame retardant property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and particularly relates to a high-temperature-resistant civil building material with a good heat preservation effect and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Building materials develop rapidly, and good heat preservation technology and materials are adopted in industry and buildings, so that the effect of achieving twice the result with half the effort can be achieved. As the most common building structure material applied at the present stage, the mechanical property degradation behavior of the cement-based material under the action of high temperature directly determines the safety and stability of the building structure under the action of fire. The traditional heat insulation material only has single heat resistance, is not ideal in fireproof effect and does not resist high temperature, so that research and improvement on building materials are always the key points of the building industry.
At present, a great deal of research shows that when proper types of slag, silica fume and the like are added into a cement-based material, the porosity of the matrix under the action of high temperature can be reduced, and micro cracks generated by the matrix under the action of high temperature can be filled, so that the mechanical property degradation degree of the cement-based material under the action of high temperature can be effectively reduced, and the high temperature resistance of the cement-based material can be improved. In the field of novel building materials, plant fibers are rarely used as raw materials to be blended into the raw materials of the building materials, and the preparation process is not complete, so that a high-temperature-resistant civil building material with good heat preservation effect and a preparation method thereof are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a high-temperature-resistant civil construction material with good heat insulation effect and a preparation method thereof.
The invention aims to provide a high-temperature-resistant civil construction material with good heat preservation effect, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-62 parts of cement, 10-18 parts of fly ash, 10-18 parts of clay, 20-32 parts of construction waste, 28-35 parts of modified plant fiber, 5-8 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 2-4 parts of a dispersing agent, 3-5 parts of a water reducing agent and 30-45 parts of water.
Preferably, the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 52 parts of cement, 15 parts of fly ash, 15 parts of clay, 26 parts of construction waste, 30 parts of modified plant fiber, 6 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 3 parts of a dispersing agent, 4 parts of a water reducing agent and 38 parts of water.
Preferably, the cement is selected from one or more of sulphosilicate cement, aluminate cement and sulphate cement.
Preferably, the construction waste is one or more of waste stone slag, waste mortar or waste brick powder; the dispersant is sodium hexametaphosphate; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
Preferably, the plant fiber is one or more of straw fiber, cotton fiber, coconut fiber, wheat straw fiber and bamboo fiber.
Preferably, the preparation of the modified plant fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning plant fiber, removing impurities, drying at 45-65 deg.C, and crushing into 2-5mm plant fiber particles;
(2) adding the plant fiber particles into the modifier solution according to the weight ratio of 1:1-5 of the plant fiber particles to the modifier solution, stirring to obtain plant fiber dispersion, reacting at 80-100 ℃ for 6-8 hours, and drying at 45-65 ℃ to obtain the modified plant fiber.
More preferably, the preparation method of the modifier solution is to take sodium silicate, add water to dissolve the sodium silicate, add silane coupling agent, stir for 10-20min, and mix the system uniformly to obtain the modifier solution, wherein the ratio of the sodium silicate to the silane coupling agent to the water is 1 mol: 0.2 mol: 1-5L.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant civil engineering and construction material, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing raw materials required by the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material according to 45-62 parts of cement, 10-18 parts of fly ash, 10-18 parts of clay, 20-32 parts of construction waste, 28-35 parts of modified plant fiber, 5-8 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 2-4 parts of dispersant, 3-5 parts of water reducer and 30-45 parts of water;
step 2, uniformly mixing cement, fly ash, clay, construction waste, magnesium hydroxide, a dispersing agent and a water reducing agent in proportion, adding the mixture into a ball mill for crushing to obtain ball-milled powder, and sieving the ball-milled powder to obtain mixed powder;
step 3, adding the mixed powder into water, uniformly stirring, adding the modified plant fiber, uniformly mixing, heating to 60-80 ℃, and stirring at 300r/min of 200-;
and 4, injecting the slurry into a mold, molding by injection, and maintaining to obtain the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material.
Preferably, in the step 2, the rotation speed of the ball mill is 180-.
Preferably, in step 4, the curing process conditions are as follows: and curing the molded blank body in a natural state for 3-5 days at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ and the pressure of 1-2MPa for 24-48 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts the waste building rubbish and the fly ash as the production raw materials, thereby realizing the utilization of the waste, changing waste into valuable, reasonably utilizing, reducing the problem of environmental pollution and saving a large amount of precious resources.
(2) According to the invention, the modified plant fiber is added into the building material, and the fiber molecules are twisted together and are cross-linked with each other to form a network structure, so that the cross-linked network structure can be solidified in the building material after the building material is solidified, the integral fastening is achieved, the stress concentration is prevented, the strength is improved, and the heat preservation effect and the flame retardant property of the building material are improved.
(4) According to the invention, magnesium hydroxide is added into the raw material, so that the magnesium hydroxide can be decomposed at 350 ℃ to generate magnesium oxide, the magnesium oxide has good fire-resistant and high-temperature-resistant characteristics, has no toxicity or corrosivity, can effectively absorb latent heat and release combined water, so that the temperature of the building material is reduced, combustible gas is cooled, and flame retardance is effectively realized.
(5) The mechanical property data shows that the high-temperature resistant civil construction material of the invention not only does not reduce the compressive strength because of the addition of the plant fiber, but also improves the mechanical property of the material to a certain extent. Therefore, the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material provided by the invention has good mechanical properties and good heat insulation performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the modified straw fiber prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood and enable those skilled in the art to practice the present invention, the following embodiments are further described, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
The test methods not specifically mentioned in the following examples were carried out according to the conventional methods and conditions in the art, and the starting materials were commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a high-temperature-resistant civil construction material with a good heat preservation effect, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 52 parts of portland cement, 15 parts of fly ash, 15 parts of clay, 26 parts of waste brick powder, 30 parts of modified straw fiber, 6 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 3 parts of sodium hexametaphosphate, 4 parts of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and 38 parts of water.
The preparation of the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material modified straw fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking the straw fiber into clear water, cleaning sludge on the surface of the straw, removing impurities, drying at 50 ℃, and crushing into straw fiber particles with the particle size of 3 mm;
(2) adding the straw fiber particles into the modifier solution according to the weight ratio of 1:2 of the straw fiber particles to the modifier solution, stirring to obtain a straw fiber dispersion, reacting at 90 ℃ for 7 hours, and drying at 50 ℃ to obtain the modified straw fiber.
The preparation method of the modifier solution comprises the following steps of taking sodium silicate, adding water to dissolve the sodium silicate, adding a silane coupling agent, stirring for 15min, and uniformly mixing a system to obtain the modifier solution, wherein the ratio of the sodium silicate to the silane coupling agent to the water is 1 mol: 0.2 mol: 2L.
The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material with good heat preservation effect specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing each raw material required by the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material according to 52 parts of portland cement, 15 parts of fly ash, 15 parts of clay, 26 parts of waste brick powder, 30 parts of modified straw fiber, 6 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 3 parts of sodium hexametaphosphate, 4 parts of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and 38 parts of water;
step 2, uniformly mixing cement, fly ash, clay, construction waste, magnesium hydroxide, a dispersing agent and a water reducing agent in proportion, adding the mixture into a ball mill for crushing, controlling the rotating speed of the ball mill to be 200r/min during ball milling, performing ball milling for 4.5 hours to obtain ball-milled powder, and sieving the ball-milled powder with a 180-mesh screen to obtain mixed powder;
step 3, adding the mixed powder into water, uniformly stirring, adding the modified straw fiber, uniformly mixing, heating to 70 ℃, and stirring for 50min at the speed of 250r/min to obtain slurry;
and 4, injecting the slurry into a mold for injection molding, curing the molded blank at 100 ℃ and 1.5MPa for 30h, and then curing for 4 days in a natural state to obtain the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a high-temperature-resistant civil construction material with a good heat preservation effect, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 45 parts of aluminate cement, 18 parts of fly ash, 18 parts of clay, 20 parts of waste mortar, 28 parts of modified wheat straw fiber, 5 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 2 parts of sodium hexametaphosphate, 3 parts of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and 30 parts of water.
The preparation of the modified wheat straw fiber of the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material comprises the following steps:
(1) immersing the wheat straw fibers into clear water, cleaning sludge on the surface of the wheat straws, removing impurities, drying at 45 ℃, and crushing into 5mm wheat straw fiber particles;
(2) adding the wheat straw fiber particles into the modifier solution according to the weight ratio of 1:1 of the wheat straw fiber particles to the modifier solution, stirring to obtain a wheat straw fiber dispersion, reacting for 8 hours at 80 ℃, and drying at 45 ℃ to obtain the modified wheat straw fiber.
The preparation method of the modifier solution comprises the following steps of taking sodium silicate, adding water to dissolve the sodium silicate, adding a silane coupling agent, stirring for 10min, and uniformly mixing a system to obtain the modifier solution, wherein the ratio of the sodium silicate to the silane coupling agent to the water is 1 mol: 0.2 mol: 1L of the compound.
The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material with good heat preservation effect specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing raw materials required by a high-temperature-resistant civil construction material according to 45 parts of aluminate cement, 18 parts of fly ash, 18 parts of clay, 20 parts of waste mortar, 28 parts of modified wheat straw fiber, 5 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 2 parts of sodium hexametaphosphate, 3 parts of a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and 30 parts of water;
step 2, uniformly mixing cement, fly ash, clay, construction waste, magnesium hydroxide, a dispersing agent and a water reducing agent in proportion, adding the mixture into a ball mill for crushing, controlling the rotating speed of the ball mill to be 180r/min during ball milling, performing ball milling for 5 hours to obtain ball-milled powder, and sieving the ball-milled powder by a 120-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder;
step 3, adding the mixed powder into water, uniformly stirring, adding the modified straw fiber, uniformly mixing, heating to 80 ℃, and stirring at 200r/min for 60min to obtain slurry;
and 4, injecting the slurry into a mold for injection molding, curing the molded blank at the temperature of 80 ℃ and under the pressure of 2MPa for 48h, and then curing for 3 days in a natural state to obtain the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a high-temperature-resistant civil construction material with a good heat preservation effect, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 62 parts of sulfate cement, 10 parts of fly ash, 10 parts of clay, 32 parts of waste stone residue, 28 parts of modified cotton fiber, 8 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 4 parts of sodium hexametaphosphate, 5 parts of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and 45 parts of water.
The preparation of the modified wheat straw fiber of the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material comprises the following steps:
(1) immersing cotton fibers into clear water, cleaning sludge on the surface of a cotton stalk, removing impurities, drying at 65 ℃, and crushing into straw fiber particles of 2 mm;
(2) adding the cotton fiber particles into the modifier solution according to the weight ratio of the cotton fiber particles to the modifier solution of 1:5, stirring to obtain a cotton fiber dispersion, reacting at 100 ℃ for 6 hours, and drying at 65 ℃ to obtain the modified cotton fiber.
The preparation method of the modifier solution comprises the following steps of taking sodium silicate, adding water to dissolve the sodium silicate, adding a silane coupling agent, stirring for 20min, and uniformly mixing a system to obtain the modifier solution, wherein the ratio of the sodium silicate to the silane coupling agent to the water is 1 mol: 0.2 mol: 5L.
The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material with good heat preservation effect specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing each raw material required by the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material according to 62 parts of sulfate cement, 10 parts of fly ash, 10 parts of clay, 32 parts of waste stone slag, 28 parts of modified cotton fiber, 8 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 4 parts of sodium hexametaphosphate, 5 parts of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and 45 parts of water;
step 2, uniformly mixing cement, fly ash, clay, construction waste, magnesium hydroxide, a dispersing agent and a water reducing agent in proportion, adding the mixture into a ball mill for crushing, controlling the rotating speed of the ball mill to be 220r/min during ball milling, performing ball milling for 4 hours to obtain ball-milled powder, and sieving the ball-milled powder by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder;
step 3, adding the mixed powder into water, uniformly stirring, adding the modified straw fiber, uniformly mixing, heating to 60 ℃, and stirring at 300r/min for 40min to obtain slurry;
and 4, injecting the slurry into a mold for injection molding, curing the molded blank for 24 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃ and under the pressure of 1MPa, and then curing for 5 days in a natural state to obtain the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a high-temperature-resistant civil construction material with a good heat preservation effect, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of portland cement, 12 parts of fly ash, 16 parts of clay, 26 parts of waste stone residue, 32 parts of modified coconut shell fiber, 7 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 3 parts of sodium hexametaphosphate, 4 parts of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and 38 parts of water.
The preparation of the modified coconut fiber of the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material comprises the following steps:
(1) immersing coconut shell fibers into clear water, cleaning sludge on the surface of the coconut shell, removing impurities, drying at 48 ℃, and crushing into 5mm coconut shell fiber particles;
(2) adding the coconut shell fiber particles into the modifier solution according to the weight ratio of the coconut shell fiber particles to the modifier solution of 1:3, stirring to obtain a coconut shell fiber dispersion solution, reacting at 85 ℃ for 6.5 hours, and drying at 60 ℃ to obtain the modified coconut shell fiber.
The preparation method of the modifier solution comprises the following steps of taking sodium silicate, adding water to dissolve the sodium silicate, adding a silane coupling agent, stirring for 15min, and uniformly mixing a system to obtain the modifier solution, wherein the ratio of the sodium silicate to the silane coupling agent to the water is 1 mol: 0.2 mol: 3L.
The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material with good heat preservation effect specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing each raw material required by the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material according to 50 parts of portland cement, 12 parts of fly ash, 16 parts of clay, 26 parts of waste stone slag, 32 parts of modified coconut fiber, 7 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 3 parts of sodium hexametaphosphate, 4 parts of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and 38 parts of water;
step 2, uniformly mixing cement, fly ash, clay, construction waste, magnesium hydroxide, a dispersing agent and a water reducing agent in proportion, adding the mixture into a ball mill for crushing, controlling the rotating speed of the ball mill to be 210r/min during ball milling, performing ball milling for 4.5 hours to obtain ball-milled powder, and sieving the ball-milled powder with a 160-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder;
step 3, adding the mixed powder into water, uniformly stirring, adding the modified coconut shell fiber, uniformly mixing, heating to 65 ℃, and stirring at 300r/min for 45min to obtain slurry;
and 4, injecting the slurry into a mold for injection molding, curing the molded blank at the temperature of 110 ℃ and under the pressure of 1.2MPa for 18h, and then curing for 3 days in a natural state to obtain the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a high-temperature-resistant civil construction material with a good heat preservation effect, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 56 parts of portland cement, 16 parts of fly ash, 13 parts of clay, 24 parts of waste stone slag, 30 parts of modified bamboo fiber, 6 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 3 parts of sodium hexametaphosphate, 4 parts of a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and 36 parts of water.
The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material comprises the following steps:
(1) immersing bamboo fibers into clear water, cleaning sludge on the surfaces of the bamboo fibers, removing impurities, drying at 52 ℃, and crushing into coconut shell fiber particles with the diameter of 4 mm;
(2) adding the bamboo fiber particles into the modifier solution according to the weight ratio of the bamboo fiber particles to the modifier solution of 1:2.5, stirring to obtain a bamboo fiber dispersion, reacting at 95 ℃ for 7.5 hours, and drying at 55 ℃ to obtain the modified bamboo fiber.
The preparation method of the modifier solution comprises the following steps of taking sodium silicate, adding water to dissolve the sodium silicate, adding a silane coupling agent, stirring for 18min, and uniformly mixing a system to obtain the modifier solution, wherein the ratio of the sodium silicate to the silane coupling agent to the water is 1 mol: 0.2 mol: 4L.
The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material with good heat preservation effect specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing each raw material required by the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material according to 56 parts of portland cement, 16 parts of fly ash, 13 parts of clay, 24 parts of waste stone slag, 30 parts of modified bamboo fiber, 6 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 3 parts of sodium hexametaphosphate, 4 parts of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and 36 parts of water;
step 2, uniformly mixing cement, fly ash, clay, construction waste, magnesium hydroxide, a dispersing agent and a water reducing agent in proportion, adding the mixture into a ball mill for crushing, controlling the rotating speed of the ball mill to be 200r/min during ball milling, performing ball milling for 4 hours to obtain ball-milled powder, and sieving the ball-milled powder by a 180-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder;
step 3, adding the mixed powder into water, uniformly stirring, adding the modified bamboo fiber, uniformly mixing, heating to 75 ℃, and stirring at 280r/min for 52min to obtain slurry;
and 4, injecting the slurry into a mold for injection molding, curing the molded blank at the temperature of 90 ℃ and under the pressure of 1.8MPa for 40h, and then curing for 4 days in a natural state to obtain the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material.
In order to further illustrate the effect of the invention, the invention is also provided with a comparative example which is concretely as follows:
comparative example 1
The civil building material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 52 parts of portland cement, 15 parts of fly ash, 15 parts of clay, 26 parts of waste brick powder, 30 parts of straw fiber, 6 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 3 parts of sodium hexametaphosphate, 4 parts of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and 38 parts of water, namely the raw materials are the same as those in example 1, except that the modified straw fiber is replaced by the straw fiber. The specific preparation method was the same as in example 1 except that the step of preparing the modified straw fiber in example 1 was omitted.
Comparative example 2
The civil building material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 52 parts of portland cement, 15 parts of fly ash, 15 parts of clay, 26 parts of waste brick powder, 30 parts of modified straw fiber, 6 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 3 parts of sodium hexametaphosphate, 4 parts of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and 38 parts of water, namely the raw materials are the same as those in example 1, the specific preparation method is the same as that in example 1, except that the modifier solution in the preparation step of the modified straw fiber in example 1 is replaced by the same amount of clear water.
And (3) application performance testing:
civil engineering and construction materials were prepared in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 2, and the civil engineering and construction materials prepared in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were tested. Testing the combustion performance of the heat-insulating fireproof material by referring to GB 8624-2006; the heat conductivity coefficient and the compressive strength of the heat-insulating fireproof material are tested by referring to GB/T8813 and GB/T10294. The performance index of each material after 28 days was measured as shown in the following table.
TABLE 1 Performance test results
The heat conductivity coefficient of the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material prepared in the embodiments 1-5 is superior to that of a comparative example, the heat conductivity coefficients are all less than 0.085W/(m.K), the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material has lower heat conductivity coefficient, meets the performance requirements of II type building heat-insulating mortar in the national standard building heat-insulating mortar (GB/T20473-2006), and can meet the requirements of building heat insulation. The flame retardant properties of the high temperature resistant civil construction materials prepared in examples 1-5 all reached class A. The lowest value of the compression strength of the high-temperature resistant civil construction material prepared in the examples 1-5 is 2.2MPa, the tensile strength is 1.1MPa, and the requirement of the I type building heat-insulating material specified by the national standard is far exceeded.
It can be seen from table 1 that the heat conductivity coefficient of the high temperature resistant civil construction material prepared in examples 1-5 of the present invention is superior to that of the comparative example, the basic requirements of the thermal insulation material are satisfied, the addition of the modified plant fiber results in the obvious decrease of the heat conductivity coefficient of the sample, which is probably mainly due to the higher carbon content of the modified plant fiber, a plurality of uniform small pores are formed in the sample during the sintering process, the porosity of the sample is increased, the heat conductivity coefficient of the sample is decreased, the construction material has better thermal stability and good thermal insulation effect, the compatibility with the construction matrix material is improved, the plant fibers are crosslinked with each other, the bonding strength with the matrix material is improved, and the flame retardant property and the mechanical property of the construction material are enhanced. Therefore, the modified plant fiber is doped in the building material, so that the building material has good heat insulation performance and mechanical property.
The modified plant fibers obtained in examples 1 to 5 were similar in structure, and the modified straw fibers obtained in example 1 were subjected to SEM characterization by taking example 1, as shown in FIG. 1, and it can be seen from FIG. 1 that the modified straw fibers had a structure in which the surface was roughened, the fibers were crosslinked with each other into a network, and many pores were formed. According to analysis, the modified plant fiber is added into the building material, and the fiber molecules are twisted together and are crosslinked with each other to form a network structure, so that the crosslinked network structure can be solidified in the building material after the building material is solidified, the integral fastening is achieved, the stress concentration is prevented, the strength is improved, and the heat insulation effect and the flame retardant property of the building material are improved.
While the present invention has been described with respect to preferred embodiments, additional variations and modifications will occur to those embodiments once the basic inventive concepts are known to those skilled in the art. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. A high-temperature-resistant civil construction material with a good heat preservation effect is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-62 parts of cement, 10-18 parts of fly ash, 10-18 parts of clay, 20-32 parts of construction waste, 28-35 parts of modified plant fiber, 5-8 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 2-4 parts of a dispersing agent, 3-5 parts of a water reducing agent and 30-45 parts of water.
2. The high-temperature-resistant civil construction material with good heat preservation effect as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 52 parts of cement, 15 parts of fly ash, 15 parts of clay, 26 parts of construction waste, 30 parts of modified plant fiber, 6 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 3 parts of a dispersing agent, 4 parts of a water reducing agent and 38 parts of water.
3. The civil engineering and construction material with high temperature resistance and good heat preservation effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cement is selected from one or more of sulpho-silicate cement, aluminate cement and sulphate cement.
4. The civil engineering and construction material with good heat preservation effect and high temperature resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the construction waste is one or more of waste stone residue, waste mortar or waste brick powder; the dispersant is sodium hexametaphosphate; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
5. The civil engineering and construction material with good heat preservation effect and high temperature resistance of claim 1, wherein the plant fiber is one or more of straw fiber, cotton fiber, coconut fiber, wheat straw fiber and bamboo fiber.
6. The high-temperature-resistant civil engineering and construction material with good heat preservation effect as claimed in claim 5, wherein the preparation of the modified plant fiber comprises the steps of:
(1) cleaning plant fiber, removing impurities, drying at 45-65 deg.C, and crushing into 2-5mm plant fiber particles;
(2) adding the plant fiber particles into the modifier solution according to the weight ratio of 1:1-5 of the plant fiber particles to the modifier solution, stirring to obtain plant fiber dispersion, reacting at 80-100 ℃ for 6-8 hours, and drying at 45-65 ℃ to obtain the modified plant fiber.
7. The civil engineering and construction material with good heat preservation effect and high temperature resistance as claimed in claim 6, wherein the modifier solution is prepared by dissolving sodium silicate in water, adding silane coupling agent, stirring for 10-20min, and mixing the system uniformly, wherein the ratio of sodium silicate, silane coupling agent and water is 1 mol: 0.2 mol: 1-5L.
8. The method for producing a high-temperature-resistant civil engineering and construction material with a good heat-retaining effect according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step 1, weighing raw materials required by the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material according to 45-62 parts of cement, 10-18 parts of fly ash, 10-18 parts of clay, 20-32 parts of construction waste, 28-35 parts of modified plant fiber, 5-8 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 2-4 parts of dispersant, 3-5 parts of water reducer and 30-45 parts of water;
step 2, uniformly mixing cement, fly ash, clay, construction waste, magnesium hydroxide, a dispersing agent and a water reducing agent in proportion, adding the mixture into a ball mill for crushing to obtain ball-milled powder, and sieving the ball-milled powder to obtain mixed powder;
step 3, adding the mixed powder into water, uniformly stirring, adding the modified plant fiber, uniformly mixing, heating to 60-80 ℃, and stirring at 300r/min of 200-;
and 4, injecting the slurry into a mold, molding by injection, and maintaining to obtain the high-temperature-resistant civil construction material.
9. The method for preparing a high temperature resistant civil engineering and construction material with good heat preservation effect as claimed in claim 8, wherein in the step 2, the rotation speed of the ball mill is 180-.
10. The method for preparing a high-temperature resistant civil engineering and construction material with good heat preservation effect as claimed in claim 8, wherein the curing process conditions are as follows: and curing the molded blank body in a natural state for 3-5 days at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ and the pressure of 1-2MPa for 24-48 h.
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