CN110981324A - Preparation method of high-compression-resistance durable waterproof mortar - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-compression-resistance durable waterproof mortar Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/021—Ash cements, e.g. fly ash cements ; Cements based on incineration residues, e.g. alkali-activated slags from waste incineration ; Kiln dust cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
- C04B40/0046—Premixtures of ingredients characterised by their processing, e.g. sequence of mixing the ingredients when preparing the premixtures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/27—Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of building material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of high-compression-resistance durable waterproof mortar. According to the invention, castor and crop straws are crushed and mixed, and auxiliaries such as a modified binder, gray cement and quartz sand are mixed, stirred and discharged to obtain the high-compression-resistance durable waterproof mortar; the fiber components are dispersed in the waterproof mortar, so that the compressive strength of the waterproof mortar is enhanced, the contact oxidative decomposition with the external environment is avoided, the durability of the waterproof mortar is enhanced, and the waterproof mortar has a wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of high-compression-resistance durable waterproof mortar.
Background
With the social development, new building materials and construction technologies such as aerated concrete, frame structures and the like are continuously generated, but certain problems occur in the use process of the materials, particularly for the domestic and southern markets. The aerated concrete has high water absorption rate, and the inner wall of the southern building structure is often mildewed due to the high water absorption rate of the aerated concrete. Therefore, the building outer wall needs to be subjected to waterproof treatment in rainy regions, different waterproof materials are selected according to different facing materials, and the polymer cement waterproof mortar has higher cost performance as a rigid waterproof material.
At present, the construction thickness of the polymer cement waterproof mortar is 3-5 mm, in order to achieve a good waterproof effect, a high molecular polymer is required to be added by more than 5%, and the material is low in oxygen index due to the fact that the polymer content is high, particularly the polymer parameter is 10%, and can be directly ignited. Therefore, construction management needs to be particularly enhanced at a construction site to avoid a fire as much as possible. Meanwhile, many domestic high-rise buildings are in shortage of workers, and the traditional polymer cement waterproof mortar is high in stacking density, so that the labor intensity is high, and the building is heavy in load.
At present, the heat preservation of the external wall of the building is an effective measure for energy conservation, and the development is unprecedented. The adhesive for the external thermal insulation system of the building external wall belongs to special mortar in dry-mixed mortar, and is required to have high bonding strength, good crack resistance, no crack on the surface, no hollowing and dropping off and good waterproof performance, and the external thermal insulation dry-mixed mortar with more excellent performance has great market potential along with the popularization of the external thermal insulation system of the building external wall. The traditional external wall external thermal insulation dry-mixed mortar has the following defects: because the traditional external thermal insulation dry-mixed mortar for the external wall is generally mixed on the construction site, the metering is inaccurate, the stirring is uneven, and the resource waste and the environmental pollution are difficult to avoid; the plastering mortar belongs to special mortar in dry-mixed mortar, and is a weak link for the occurrence of construction quality problems such as wall cracking, shelling, peeling, leakage and the like when the mortar has poor impermeability, large shrinkage and poor waterproof performance. The improved mortar is generally added with cellulose and rubber powder for matching use to reduce capillary water absorption and increase breaking strength, but the mortar used as wall surface mortar also needs anti-sliding performance to ensure the use of surface tiles, so the applicant researches the anti-sliding performance of the mortar.
The mortar used for making the mortar waterproof layer (also called rigid waterproof) is called waterproof mortar. The waterproof mortar is also called as a cation neoprene waterproof and anticorrosive material. The cation neoprene latex is a high polymer molecule modified macromolecule waterproof anticorrosion system. The high polymer latex is prepared by introducing imported epoxy resin modified latex, adding domestic chloroprene rubber latex and polyacrylate, synthesizing rubber, various emulsifiers, modified latex and the like. Adding base material, proper amount of chemical assistant and stuffing, plasticating, mixing, rolling and other steps to obtain the waterproof anticorrosive polymer material. The imported materials and domestic high-quality auxiliary materials are selected, and the high-quality products are produced according to the highest grade of the national industrial standard and are recommended by the national well-being residential construction. Long service life, convenient construction, and long service life of more than 50 years after being soaked in water. Has good weather resistance, durability, impermeability, compactness, extremely high bonding force and extremely strong waterproof and anticorrosion effects. Can resist the corrosion of soda production medium, urea, ammonium nitrate, seawater hydrochloric acid and acid-alkali salt. It is mixed with ordinary sand cement and special cement to form cement mortar, which is cast or sprayed to form firm waterproof anticorrosive mortar layer on concrete and surface. The mortar can be modified by mixing with cement and sand, and can be used for treating building walls and floors and waterproofing layers of underground engineering.
With the progress and development of building science and technology, waterproof mortar has been rapidly developed in China. There are three types of waterproof mortar currently used as a waterproof layer for waterproof engineering: waterproof mortar doped with a waterproof agent; rigid multi-layer plastered cement mortar; polymer cement waterproof mortar. Although some effect is obtained, these mortars often incorporate polymers, and therefore, after long-term use under low temperature conditions, the mortars have problems of aging and poor water resistance.
The existing waterproof mortar comprises: poor permeation resistance, general compressive strength, general durability, poor viscosity and the like.
Therefore, the invention of the excellent waterproof mortar has positive significance in the technical field of building material preparation.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: aiming at the defects of poor anti-permeability performance of the existing waterproof mortar, poor durability and easy cracking caused by poor compressive strength and poor viscosity of the mortar after curing, the preparation method of the high-compressive durable waterproof mortar is provided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a preparation method of high-compression-resistance durable waterproof mortar is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation steps:
(1) putting the modified sand powder and a standby self-made binder into a stirring kettle, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture to be reacted, and mixing the mixture to be reacted with propanol with the mass fraction of 6-10% according to the mass ratio of 1:10, putting into a reaction kettle, dropwise adding a sulfuric acid solution with the mass fraction of 80-90% into the reaction kettle to adjust the pH value to 2-3, stirring for 2-3 hours at the rotating speed of 200-300 r/min by using a stirrer, dropwise adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10-15% after stirring to adjust the pH value to 6.8-7.2, and putting into a rotary evaporator for concentration until the product quality is constant to prepare a modified binder;
(2) adding the modified binder, the ash cement, the quartz sand, the cellulose ether, the polyethylene glycol stearate, the ethylene and the vinyl acetate into a stirring reaction kettle, raising the temperature in the stirring reaction kettle to 70-80 ℃, stirring at a constant temperature and a rotating speed of 1000-1200 r/min for 60-80 min, and discharging after stirring to obtain the high-compression-resistance durable waterproof mortar;
the specific preparation steps of the modified sand powder are as follows:
(1) putting montmorillonite and limestone into a planetary ball mill, grinding for 50-60 min under the conditions that the ball-material ratio is 10:1 and the rotating speed is 300-400 r/min, sieving by a 150-mesh sieve after grinding to obtain mixed solid powder, putting the mixed solid powder and a sulfuric acid solution with the mass fraction of 16-20% into a reaction kettle, raising the temperature in the reaction kettle to 50-60 ℃, and stirring for 50-60 min at the rotating speed of 300-400 r/min by a stirrer under the constant temperature condition to obtain a dispersed mixed solution;
(2) putting the dispersed mixed solution and a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10-12% into a beaker, stirring for 40-50 min at the rotating speed of 300-400 r/min by using a stirrer, filtering after stirring to obtain a filter cake, cleaning the filter cake for 3-5 times by using distilled water, putting the filter cake into a muffle furnace, raising the temperature in the muffle furnace to 120-140 ℃, preheating at a constant temperature for 40-50 min, raising the temperature in the muffle furnace to 300-350 ℃ after preheating, calcining at a high temperature for 80-100 min, and grinding and sieving by using a 200-mesh sieve to obtain modified sand powder after calcining;
the self-made adhesive is prepared by the following specific steps:
(1) putting castor and crop straws into a pulverizer to be pulverized and mixed to prepare a mixed material, putting the mixed material and 6-10% hydrochloric acid by mass into a beaker, putting the beaker into an ultrasonic oscillator, oscillating for 3-4 h under the condition of the frequency of 32-36 kHz, filtering after oscillation to obtain a filter cake, and washing the filter cake with distilled water for 3-5 times to prepare a pretreatment material;
(2) putting the pretreated material and a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10-15% into a reaction kettle, sealing the reaction kettle, raising the temperature in the reaction kettle to 120-130 ℃, standing and reacting for 60-80 min under a constant temperature condition to obtain reaction slurry, and dropwise adding a sulfuric acid solution with the mass fraction of 10-20% into the reaction slurry to adjust the pH value to 3-5 to obtain an acidic reaction solution;
(3) putting the acidic reaction liquid and sodium persulfate into a three-neck flask according to the mass ratio of 20:1, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed liquid, putting the three-neck flask into a water bath kettle with the water bath temperature of 60-80 ℃, standing for 1-2 hours at a constant temperature to obtain an oxidation reaction liquid, putting the oxidation reaction liquid and hydrogen peroxide into a beaker according to the mass ratio of 10:1, and stirring for 20-30 minutes by using a stirrer at the rotating speed of 500-600 r/min to obtain the self-made binder.
The mass ratio of the modified sand powder to the standby self-made binder is 1: 20.
The mass ratio of the mixture to be reacted to propanol with the mass fraction of 6-10% is 1: 10.
preferably, the modified binder comprises, by weight, 8-10 parts of ash cement, 50-55 parts of quartz sand, 0.3-0.5 part of cellulose ether, 0.2-0.4 part of polyethylene glycol stearate, 1.0-1.2 parts of ethylene and 0.8-1.0 part of vinyl acetate.
The mass ratio of the montmorillonite to the limestone in the specific preparation step (1) of the modified sand powder is 5: 1.
The mass ratio of the mixed solid powder in the specific preparation step (1) of the modified sand powder to the sulfuric acid solution with the mass fraction of 16-20% is 1: 10.
The mass ratio of the dispersed mixed solution to the sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10-12% in the specific preparation step (1) of the modified sand powder is 15: 1.
The mass ratio of the castor-oil plant and the crop straw in the specific preparation step (1) of the self-made binder is 5: 1.
The mass ratio of the mixed material in the specific preparation step (1) of the self-made binder to hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 6-10% is 1: 10.
The mass ratio of the pretreatment material to the sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10-15% in the specific preparation step (2) of the self-made binder is 1: 10.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) the invention firstly crushes and mixes castor and crop straws, mixes and mixes them, soaks and oscillates with hydrochloric acid, filters after oscillation to obtain pretreated material, mixes the pretreated material and alkali liquor for high temperature reaction, adds sulfuric acid after reaction to prepare acid reaction liquid, adds sodium persulfate into the acid reaction liquid for reaction, mixes with hydrogen peroxide after reaction to prepare self-made binder, then grinds montmorillonite and limestone, mixes and reacts with sulfuric acid to prepare dispersed mixed liquid, adds sodium hydroxide solution into the dispersed mixed liquid for stirring, filters after stirring and puts into a muffle furnace for high temperature heating, heats and grinds to obtain modified sand powder, then mixes the modified sand powder and the self-made binder, adds propanol and sulfuric acid for reaction after mixing, concentrates after reaction to prepare modified binder, finally mixes and stirs auxiliary agents such as modified binder, gray cement and quartz sand, and then obtains the high-pressure resistant durable waterproof mortar, the invention crushes the castor-oil plant and the straw to react with hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution at high temperature in sequence, so as to extract and hydrolyze plant fibers in the castor-oil plant and the straw, simultaneously break fiber components under the condition, shorten the length of a carbon chain, increase the contact area between the fiber components and each component in the waterproof mortar, thereby improving the contact degree between the fiber components and other components, then utilize hydrogen peroxide and sodium persulfate to carry out oxidation treatment on the fiber components, oxidize hydroxyl groups grafted on the surface of the fiber components to generate carboxyl groups, in the subsequent reaction, the hydroxyl groups and propanol are subjected to esterification reaction under the regulation of concentrated sulfuric acid, utilize ester groups to increase the bonding effect between the fiber components and other components, enhance the structural strength of the waterproof mortar after curing, improve the compressive strength of the waterproof mortar, inhibit the waterproof mortar from cracking, and simultaneously coat other components in the waterproof mortar through the fiber components, thereby improving the waterproof performance and the anti-permeation performance of the waterproof mortar by utilizing the good hydrophobic performance of the ester group;
(2) the montmorillonite and limestone are crushed, mixed, added into a sulfuric acid solution, dissolved to generate salt, fully mixed, mixed with alkali liquor and reacted at high temperature to generate the nanoscale oxide, then the nanoscale oxide is mixed with the plant fiber and bonded with the fiber component, the fiber component is dispersed in the waterproof mortar, the mechanical strength of the waterproof mortar is improved to a certain extent, the compressive strength of the waterproof mortar is enhanced, the fiber component is protected, the contact oxidative decomposition with the external environment is avoided, the durability of the waterproof mortar is enhanced, and the montmorillonite and limestone waterproof mortar has a wide application prospect.
Detailed Description
Putting castor and crop straws into a grinder to be ground and mixed according to the mass ratio of 5:1 to prepare a mixed material, putting the mixed material and 6-10% hydrochloric acid into a beaker according to the mass ratio of 1:10, putting the beaker into an ultrasonic oscillator, oscillating for 3-4 hours under the condition of the frequency of 32-36 kHz, filtering after oscillation to obtain a filter cake, and cleaning the filter cake with distilled water for 3-5 times to prepare a pretreated material; putting the pretreated material and a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10-15% into a reaction kettle according to the mass ratio of 1:10, sealing the reaction kettle, raising the temperature in the reaction kettle to 120-130 ℃, standing and reacting for 60-80 min under the constant temperature condition to obtain reaction slurry, and dropwise adding a sulfuric acid solution with the mass fraction of 10-20% into the reaction slurry to adjust the pH value to 3-5 to obtain an acidic reaction solution; putting the acidic reaction liquid and sodium persulfate into a three-neck flask according to the mass ratio of 20:1, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed liquid, putting the three-neck flask into a water bath kettle with the water bath temperature of 60-80 ℃, standing for 1-2 hours at a constant temperature to obtain an oxidation reaction liquid, putting the oxidation reaction liquid and hydrogen peroxide into a beaker according to the mass ratio of 10:1, and stirring for 20-30 minutes by using a stirrer at the rotating speed of 500-600 r/min to obtain a self-made binder for later use; putting montmorillonite and limestone in a mass ratio of 5:1 into a planetary ball mill, grinding for 50-60 min under the conditions that the ball-material ratio is 10:1 and the rotating speed is 300-400 r/min, sieving by a 150-mesh sieve to obtain mixed solid powder, putting the mixed solid powder and a sulfuric acid solution with the mass fraction of 16-20% in a reaction kettle in a mass ratio of 1:10, raising the temperature in the reaction kettle to 50-60 ℃, and stirring for 50-60 min at the rotating speed of 300-400 r/min by a stirrer under the constant temperature condition to obtain a dispersed mixed solution; putting the dispersed mixed solution and a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10-12% into a beaker according to the mass ratio of 15:1, stirring for 40-50 min at the rotating speed of 300-400 r/min by using a stirrer, filtering to obtain a filter cake, cleaning the filter cake for 3-5 times by using distilled water, putting the filter cake into a muffle furnace, raising the temperature in the muffle furnace to 120-140 ℃, preheating for 40-50 min at a constant temperature, raising the temperature in the muffle furnace to 300-350 ℃ after preheating, calcining for 80-100 min at a high temperature, and grinding and sieving by using a 200-mesh sieve to obtain modified sand powder; putting the modified sand powder and a standby self-made binder into a stirring kettle according to a mass ratio of 1:20, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture to be reacted, and mixing the mixture to be reacted with propanol with a mass fraction of 6-10% according to a mass ratio of 1:10, putting into a reaction kettle, dropwise adding a sulfuric acid solution with the mass fraction of 80-90% into the reaction kettle to adjust the pH value to 2-3, stirring for 2-3 hours at the rotating speed of 200-300 r/min by using a stirrer, dropwise adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10-15% after stirring to adjust the pH value to 6.8-7.2, and putting into a rotary evaporator for concentration until the product quality is constant to prepare a modified binder; according to the weight parts, 8-10 parts of the modified binder, 50-55 parts of ash cement, 45-50 parts of quartz sand, 0.3-0.5 part of cellulose ether, 0.2-0.4 part of polyethylene glycol stearate, 1.0-1.2 parts of ethylene and 0.8-1.0 part of vinyl acetate are put into a stirring reaction kettle, the temperature in the stirring reaction kettle is raised to 70-80 ℃, the stirring reaction kettle is stirred for 60-80 min at a constant temperature and at a rotating speed of 1000-1200 r/min, and the high-compression-resistance durable waterproof mortar is obtained after the stirring and discharging.
Example 1
Preparation of pretreated materials:
putting castor-oil plant and crop straws into a pulverizer according to the mass ratio of 5:1, pulverizing and mixing to obtain a mixed material, putting the mixed material and 6% hydrochloric acid into a beaker according to the mass ratio of 1:10, putting the beaker into an ultrasonic oscillator, oscillating for 3 hours under the condition of the frequency of 32kHz, filtering after oscillation to obtain a filter cake, and cleaning the filter cake for 3 times by using distilled water to obtain a pretreated material;
preparation of an acidic reaction solution:
putting the pretreated material and a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10% into a reaction kettle according to the mass ratio of 1:10, sealing the reaction kettle, raising the temperature in the reaction kettle to 120 ℃, standing and reacting for 60min under the constant temperature condition to obtain reaction slurry, and dropwise adding a sulfuric acid solution with the mass fraction of 10% into the reaction slurry to adjust the pH value to 3 to obtain an acidic reaction solution;
preparing a self-made binder:
putting the acidic reaction liquid and sodium persulfate into a three-neck flask according to the mass ratio of 20:1, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution, putting the three-neck flask into a water bath kettle with the water bath temperature of 60 ℃, standing for 1h at a constant temperature to obtain an oxidation reaction liquid, putting the oxidation reaction liquid and hydrogen peroxide into a beaker according to the mass ratio of 10:1, and stirring for 20min at the rotating speed of 500r/min by using a stirrer to obtain a self-made binder for later use;
preparation of a dispersed mixed solution:
putting montmorillonite and limestone in a mass ratio of 5:1 into a planetary ball mill, grinding for 50min under the conditions that the ball-material ratio is 10:1 and the rotating speed is 300r/min, sieving by a 150-mesh sieve to obtain mixed solid powder, putting the mixed solid powder and a sulfuric acid solution with the mass fraction of 16% in a reaction kettle in a mass ratio of 1:10, raising the temperature in the reaction kettle to 50 ℃, and stirring for 50min at the constant temperature by a stirrer at the rotating speed of 300r/min to obtain a dispersed mixed solution;
preparing modified sand powder:
putting the dispersed mixed solution and a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10% into a beaker according to the mass ratio of 15:1, stirring for 40min at the rotating speed of 300r/min by using a stirrer, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing the filter cake for 3 times by using distilled water, putting the filter cake into a muffle furnace, raising the temperature in the muffle furnace to 120 ℃, preheating for 40min at a constant temperature, raising the temperature in the muffle furnace to 300 ℃ after preheating, calcining for 80min at a high temperature, and grinding and sieving by using a 200-mesh sieve to obtain modified sand powder;
preparing a modified binder:
putting the modified sand powder and a standby self-made binder into a stirring kettle according to the mass ratio of 1:20, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture to be reacted, and mixing the mixture to be reacted with propanol with the mass fraction of 6% according to the mass ratio of 1:10, putting into a reaction kettle, dropwise adding a sulfuric acid solution with the mass fraction of 80% into the reaction kettle to adjust the pH value to 2, stirring for 2 hours at the rotating speed of 200r/min by using a stirrer, dropwise adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10% after stirring to adjust the pH value to 6.8, and putting into a rotary evaporator for concentration until the product quality is constant to prepare a modified binder;
preparing high-compression-resistance durable waterproof mortar:
according to the weight parts, 8 parts of the modified binder, 50 parts of ash cement, 45 parts of quartz sand, 0.3 part of cellulose ether, 0.2 part of polyethylene glycol stearate, 1.0 part of ethylene and 0.8 part of vinyl acetate are put into a stirring reaction kettle, the temperature in the stirring reaction kettle is raised to 70 ℃, the stirring is carried out for 60min at the constant temperature and the rotating speed of 1000r/min, and the high-pressure-resistant durable waterproof mortar is obtained after the discharging after the stirring.
Example 2
Preparation of pretreated materials:
putting castor and crop straws into a pulverizer according to the mass ratio of 5:1, pulverizing and mixing to obtain a mixed material, putting the mixed material and 8% hydrochloric acid into a beaker according to the mass ratio of 1:10, putting the beaker into an ultrasonic oscillator, oscillating for 3.5 hours under the condition of the frequency of 34kHz, filtering after oscillation to obtain a filter cake, and cleaning the filter cake with distilled water for 4 times to obtain a pretreated material;
preparation of an acidic reaction solution:
putting the pretreated material and a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 12.5% into a reaction kettle according to the mass ratio of 1:10, sealing the reaction kettle, raising the temperature in the reaction kettle to 125 ℃, standing and reacting for 70min under the constant temperature condition to obtain reaction slurry, and dropwise adding a sulfuric acid solution with the mass fraction of 15% into the reaction slurry to adjust the pH value to 4 to obtain an acidic reaction solution;
preparing a self-made binder:
putting the acidic reaction liquid and sodium persulfate into a three-neck flask according to the mass ratio of 20:1, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution, putting the three-neck flask into a water bath kettle with the water bath temperature of 70 ℃, standing for 1.5 hours at a constant temperature to obtain an oxidation reaction liquid, putting the oxidation reaction liquid and hydrogen peroxide into a beaker according to the mass ratio of 10:1, and stirring for 25 minutes by using a stirrer at the rotating speed of 550r/min to obtain a self-made binder for later use;
preparation of a dispersed mixed solution:
putting montmorillonite and limestone in a mass ratio of 5:1 into a planetary ball mill, grinding for 55min under the conditions that the ball-material ratio is 10:1 and the rotating speed is 350r/min, sieving by a 150-mesh sieve to obtain mixed solid powder, putting the mixed solid powder and 18% of sulfuric acid solution in a mass ratio of 1:10 into a reaction kettle, raising the temperature in the reaction kettle to 55 ℃, and stirring for 55min at the constant temperature by a stirrer at the rotating speed of 350r/min to obtain a dispersed mixed solution;
preparing modified sand powder:
putting the dispersed mixed solution and a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 11% into a beaker according to the mass ratio of 15:1, stirring for 45min at the rotating speed of 350r/min by using a stirrer, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing the filter cake for 4 times by using distilled water, putting the filter cake into a muffle furnace, raising the temperature in the muffle furnace to 130 ℃, preheating for 45min at a constant temperature, raising the temperature in the muffle furnace to 325 ℃ after preheating, calcining for 90min at a high temperature, and grinding and sieving by using a 200-mesh sieve to obtain modified sand powder;
preparing a modified binder:
putting the modified sand powder and a standby self-made binder into a stirring kettle according to the mass ratio of 1:20, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture to be reacted, and mixing the mixture to be reacted with 8% of propanol according to the mass ratio of 1:10, putting into a reaction kettle, dropwise adding a sulfuric acid solution with the mass fraction of 85% into the reaction kettle to adjust the pH value to 2.5, stirring for 2.5 hours by using a stirrer at the rotating speed of 250r/min, dropwise adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 12.5% after stirring to adjust the pH value to 7, and putting into a rotary evaporator for concentration until the product quality is constant to prepare a modified binder;
preparing high-compression-resistance durable waterproof mortar:
according to the weight parts, 9 parts of the modified binder, 52.5 parts of cement, 47.5 parts of quartz sand, 0.4 part of cellulose ether, 0.3 part of polyethylene glycol stearate, 1.1 parts of ethylene and 0.9 part of vinyl acetate are put into a stirring reaction kettle, the temperature in the stirring reaction kettle is raised to 75 ℃, the mixture is stirred for 70min at the constant temperature and at the rotating speed of 1100r/min, and the high-compression-resistance durable waterproof mortar is obtained after the materials are discharged after the stirring.
Example 3
Preparation of pretreated materials:
putting castor and crop straws into a pulverizer according to the mass ratio of 5:1, pulverizing and mixing to obtain a mixed material, putting the mixed material and 10% hydrochloric acid into a beaker according to the mass ratio of 1:10, putting the beaker into an ultrasonic oscillator, oscillating for 4 hours under the condition that the frequency is 36kHz, filtering after oscillation to obtain a filter cake, and cleaning the filter cake for 5 times by using distilled water to obtain a pretreated material;
preparation of an acidic reaction solution:
putting the pretreated material and 15% sodium hydroxide solution in a mass ratio of 1:10 into a reaction kettle, sealing the reaction kettle, raising the temperature in the reaction kettle to 130 ℃, standing and reacting for 80min under a constant temperature condition to obtain reaction slurry, and dropwise adding 20% sulfuric acid solution into the reaction slurry to adjust the pH value to 5 to obtain an acidic reaction solution;
preparing a self-made binder:
putting the acidic reaction liquid and sodium persulfate into a three-neck flask according to the mass ratio of 20:1, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed liquid, putting the three-neck flask into a water bath kettle with the water bath temperature of 80 ℃, standing for 2 hours at a constant temperature to obtain an oxidation reaction liquid, putting the oxidation reaction liquid and hydrogen peroxide into a beaker according to the mass ratio of 10:1, and stirring for 30 minutes by using a stirrer at the rotating speed of 600r/min to obtain a self-made binder for later use;
preparation of a dispersed mixed solution:
putting montmorillonite and limestone in a mass ratio of 5:1 into a planetary ball mill, grinding for 60min under the conditions that the ball-material ratio is 10:1 and the rotating speed is 400r/min, sieving by a 150-mesh sieve to obtain mixed solid powder, putting the mixed solid powder and a sulfuric acid solution with the mass fraction of 20% in a reaction kettle in a mass ratio of 1:10, raising the temperature in the reaction kettle to 60 ℃, and stirring for 60min at the constant temperature by a stirrer at the rotating speed of 400r/min to obtain a dispersed mixed solution;
preparing modified sand powder:
putting the dispersed mixed solution and a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 12% into a beaker according to the mass ratio of 15:1, stirring for 50min at the rotating speed of 400r/min by using a stirrer, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing the filter cake for 5 times by using distilled water, putting the filter cake into a muffle furnace, raising the temperature in the muffle furnace to 140 ℃, preheating for 50min at a constant temperature, raising the temperature in the muffle furnace to 350 ℃ after preheating, calcining for 100min at a high temperature, grinding and sieving by using a 200-mesh sieve to obtain modified sand powder;
preparing a modified binder:
putting the modified sand powder and a standby self-made binder into a stirring kettle according to the mass ratio of 1:20, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture to be reacted, and mixing the mixture to be reacted with 10% of propanol according to the mass ratio of 1:10, putting into a reaction kettle, dropwise adding a sulfuric acid solution with the mass fraction of 90% into the reaction kettle to adjust the pH value to 3, stirring for 3 hours at the rotating speed of 300r/min by using a stirrer, dropwise adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 15% after stirring to adjust the pH value to 7.2, and putting into a rotary evaporator for concentration until the product quality is constant to prepare a modified binder;
preparing high-compression-resistance durable waterproof mortar:
according to the weight parts, 10 parts of the modified binder, 55 parts of gray cement, 50 parts of quartz sand, 0.5 part of cellulose ether, 0.4 part of polyethylene glycol stearate, 1.2 parts of ethylene and 1.0 part of vinyl acetate are put into a stirring reaction kettle, the temperature in the stirring reaction kettle is raised to 80 ℃, the stirring is carried out for 80min at the constant temperature at the rotating speed of 1200r/min, and the high-pressure-resistant durable waterproof mortar is obtained after the discharging after the stirring.
Comparative example 1 was prepared essentially the same as example 1 except for the lack of a home-made binder.
Comparative example 2 was prepared substantially the same as example 1 except for the absence of the modifying binder.
Comparative example 3 waterproof mortar manufactured by Beijing Corp.
The performance of the waterproof mortar in the invention and the waterproof mortar in the comparative example are respectively detected, and the detection results are shown in table 1:
the detection method comprises the following steps:
before testing the strength of the mortar test block, the test block is put under standard curing conditions (temperature: 20 +/-2 ℃, humidity: more than or equal to 90%) for curing for 28 days and then is subjected to curing.
The compressive strength and the flexural strength are detected by referring to GB/T17671-1999 cement mortar Strength test method (ISO method).
And the seepage pressure resistance and the bonding strength are detected according to JGJ/T70-2009 basic performance test method for building mortar.
TABLE 1 determination of the Properties of the waterproof mortar
| Test items | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 |
| Compressive strength (MPa) | 71.8 | 72.4 | 73.5 | 60.5 | 62.5 | 63.7 |
| Flexural strength (MPa) | 14.3 | 15.7 | 16.9 | 10.2 | 11.8 | 13.5 |
| Adhesive Strength (MPa) | 1.63 | 1.75 | 1.81 | 1.02 | 1.09 | 1.15 |
| Anti-seepage pressure (MPa) | 1.88 | 1.93 | 1.96 | 1.04 | 1.12 | 1.26 |
As can be seen from the table 1, the high-compression-resistance durable waterproof mortar prepared by the invention has excellent anti-permeability performance, and the compressive strength and the viscosity of the mortar after curing are good, so that the mortar has longer durability, is not easy to crack and has wide application prospect.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, but rather as the subject matter of the invention is to be construed in all aspects and as broadly as possible, and all changes, equivalents and modifications that fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of high-compression-resistance durable waterproof mortar is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation steps:
(1) putting the modified sand powder and a standby self-made binder into a stirring kettle, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture to be reacted, and mixing the mixture to be reacted with propanol with the mass fraction of 6-10% according to the mass ratio of 1:10, putting into a reaction kettle, dropwise adding a sulfuric acid solution with the mass fraction of 80-90% into the reaction kettle to adjust the pH value to 2-3, stirring for 2-3 hours at the rotating speed of 200-300 r/min by using a stirrer, dropwise adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10-15% after stirring to adjust the pH value to 6.8-7.2, and putting into a rotary evaporator for concentration until the product quality is constant to prepare a modified binder;
(2) adding the modified binder, the ash cement, the quartz sand, the cellulose ether, the polyethylene glycol stearate, the ethylene and the vinyl acetate into a stirring reaction kettle, raising the temperature in the stirring reaction kettle to 70-80 ℃, stirring at a constant temperature and a rotating speed of 1000-1200 r/min for 60-80 min, and discharging after stirring to obtain the high-compression-resistance durable waterproof mortar;
the specific preparation steps of the modified sand powder are as follows:
(1) putting montmorillonite and limestone into a planetary ball mill, grinding for 50-60 min under the conditions that the ball-material ratio is 10:1 and the rotating speed is 300-400 r/min, sieving by a 150-mesh sieve after grinding to obtain mixed solid powder, putting the mixed solid powder and a sulfuric acid solution with the mass fraction of 16-20% into a reaction kettle, raising the temperature in the reaction kettle to 50-60 ℃, and stirring for 50-60 min at the rotating speed of 300-400 r/min by a stirrer under the constant temperature condition to obtain a dispersed mixed solution;
(2) putting the dispersed mixed solution and a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10-12% into a beaker, stirring for 40-50 min at the rotating speed of 300-400 r/min by using a stirrer, filtering after stirring to obtain a filter cake, cleaning the filter cake for 3-5 times by using distilled water, putting the filter cake into a muffle furnace, raising the temperature in the muffle furnace to 120-140 ℃, preheating at a constant temperature for 40-50 min, raising the temperature in the muffle furnace to 300-350 ℃ after preheating, calcining at a high temperature for 80-100 min, and grinding and sieving by using a 200-mesh sieve to obtain modified sand powder after calcining;
the self-made adhesive is prepared by the following specific steps:
(1) putting castor and crop straws into a pulverizer to be pulverized and mixed to prepare a mixed material, putting the mixed material and 6-10% hydrochloric acid by mass into a beaker, putting the beaker into an ultrasonic oscillator, oscillating for 3-4 h under the condition of the frequency of 32-36 kHz, filtering after oscillation to obtain a filter cake, and washing the filter cake with distilled water for 3-5 times to prepare a pretreatment material;
(2) putting the pretreated material and a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10-15% into a reaction kettle, sealing the reaction kettle, raising the temperature in the reaction kettle to 120-130 ℃, standing and reacting for 60-80 min under a constant temperature condition to obtain reaction slurry, and dropwise adding a sulfuric acid solution with the mass fraction of 10-20% into the reaction slurry to adjust the pH value to 3-5 to obtain an acidic reaction solution;
(3) putting the acidic reaction liquid and sodium persulfate into a three-neck flask according to the mass ratio of 20:1, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed liquid, putting the three-neck flask into a water bath kettle with the water bath temperature of 60-80 ℃, standing for 1-2 hours at a constant temperature to obtain an oxidation reaction liquid, putting the oxidation reaction liquid and hydrogen peroxide into a beaker according to the mass ratio of 10:1, and stirring for 20-30 minutes by using a stirrer at the rotating speed of 500-600 r/min to obtain the self-made binder.
2. The preparation method of the high-compression-resistance durable waterproof mortar according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the modified sand powder to the standby self-made binder is 1: 20.
3. The preparation method of the high-compression-resistance durable waterproof mortar according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the mixture to be reacted to propanol with the mass fraction of 6-10% is 1: 10.
4. the preparation method of the high-compression-resistance durable waterproof mortar according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: preferably, the modified binder comprises, by weight, 8-10 parts of ash cement, 50-55 parts of quartz sand, 0.3-0.5 part of cellulose ether, 0.2-0.4 part of polyethylene glycol stearate, 1.0-1.2 parts of ethylene and 0.8-1.0 part of vinyl acetate.
5. The preparation method of the high-compression-resistance durable waterproof mortar according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the montmorillonite to the limestone in the specific preparation step (1) of the modified sand powder is 5: 1.
6. The preparation method of the high-compression-resistance durable waterproof mortar according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the mixed solid powder in the specific preparation step (1) of the modified sand powder to the sulfuric acid solution with the mass fraction of 16-20% is 1: 10.
7. The preparation method of the high-compression-resistance durable waterproof mortar according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the dispersed mixed solution to the sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10-12% in the specific preparation step (1) of the modified sand powder is 15: 1.
8. The preparation method of the high-compression-resistance durable waterproof mortar according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the castor-oil plant and the crop straw in the specific preparation step (1) of the self-made binder is 5: 1.
9. The preparation method of the high-compression-resistance durable waterproof mortar according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the mixed material in the specific preparation step (1) of the self-made binder to hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 6-10% is 1: 10.
10. The preparation method of the high-compression-resistance durable waterproof mortar according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the pretreatment material to the sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10-15% in the specific preparation step (2) of the self-made binder is 1: 10.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113683899A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-11-23 | 程小冬 | High-strength high-viscosity asphalt and preparation method thereof |
| CN113800834A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-12-17 | 兰州理工大学 | High-compactness waterproof mortar and preparation process thereof |
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2019
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113683899A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-11-23 | 程小冬 | High-strength high-viscosity asphalt and preparation method thereof |
| CN113800834A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-12-17 | 兰州理工大学 | High-compactness waterproof mortar and preparation process thereof |
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