CN110976291B

CN110976291B - Kernel and shell separating system for sunflower seeds

Info

Publication number: CN110976291B
Application number: CN201911390590.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐斌; 沈宾; 于栋; 吕岩峰; 陈亮; 黄文攀
Original assignee: Myande Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Myande Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-30
Filing date: 2019-12-30
Publication date: 2020-11-27
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-30
Also published as: CN110976291A

Abstract

The invention relates to a kernel and shell separation system of sunflower seeds, which comprises a huller, a kernel and shell separator and a multi-stage air separator, wherein a discharge port of the huller is connected with a separator feed port of the kernel and shell separator through a hulling discharge chute, the kernel and shell separator is provided with a whole seed outlet, a fine powder discharge port, a seed kernel discharge port, a top air suction outlet and a tail air suction outlet, the seed kernel discharge port is connected with the top feed port of the multi-stage air separator through a seed kernel chute, the bottom of the multi-stage air separator is provided with an air separation discharge port, the right side of the top of the multi-stage air separator is provided with an air separation shell port, and the top air suction outlet, the tail air suction outlet and the. The kernel and shell separation system of sunflower seeds can separate unshelled sunflower seeds, sunflower seed shells and sunflower seed kernels from each other, the kernels containing 16% of hulls enter a multistage air separator to be subjected to air separation and shelling, and the kernels discharged from an air separation discharge port contain less than 9% of hulls, so that the quality of the sunflower seed oil can be greatly improved, and the economic benefit is improved.

Description

Kernel and shell separating system for sunflower seeds

Technical Field

The invention relates to a kernel and hull separation system for sunflower seeds, which is used for separating the shelled sunflower seeds from hulls and belongs to the technical field of food processing equipment.

Background

The sunflower seed oil is golden in color, clear and transparent, has faint scent and is an important edible oil. It contains a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, which are necessary for human body, and can promote the regeneration and growth of human body cells, protect the health of skin, and reduce the accumulation of cholesterol in blood, thus being a high-grade nutrient oil.

The global production of sunflower seed oil generally shows a slow growth trend, the annual average composite growth rate of the global production of sunflower seed oil is 7.72% from 2012 to 2015, and the global production of sunflower seed oil breaks 1700 ten thousand tons in 2018. Ukrainian, russia and the european union are the major countries and regions of sunflower oil production, accounting for around 76% of the total world.

During the production process of sunflower seed oil, sunflower seeds are first shelled by a shelling machine and then enter a kernel-shell separation section to separate kernels from shells. The traditional process of the kernel-shell separation section comprises the following steps: the whole seeds and fine powder are firstly sieved by a plane rotary sieve, a part of the hulls are removed, and the rest kernels containing a small amount of hulls enter the subsequent working section. Because the separation effect of the kernels and the shells is poor, the content of the shells and the shells in the kernels entering the subsequent working section is about 16 percent generally, so that the ideal index proportion cannot be achieved, and because the shells contain a large amount of wax, the quality of the sunflower seed oil is influenced, and the economic index of production and processing is also reduced seriously.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide a kernel and shell separation system for sunflower seeds, which can separate the unhulled sunflower seeds, sunflower seed shells and sunflower seed kernels from each other and has low content of hulls and shells in the seed kernels.

In order to solve the technical problems, the kernel and shell separation system for the sunflower seeds comprises a huller and a kernel and shell separator, wherein a discharge port of the huller is connected with a separator feed port of the kernel and shell separator through a hulling discharge chute, the kernel and shell separator is provided with a whole seed outlet, a fine powder discharge port, a seed kernel discharge port, a top air suction outlet and a tail air suction outlet, the seed kernel discharge port is connected with a top feed port of a multistage air separator through a seed kernel chute, the bottom of the multistage air separator is provided with an air separation discharge port, the right side of the top of the multistage air separator is provided with an air separation shell port, and the top air suction outlet, the tail air suction outlet and the air separation shell port are respectively connected with an air suction pipe.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: after the sunflower seeds are husked by the husking machine, the kernels and the husks enter the kernel and husk separator to be screened, and the whole unhulled seeds are discharged from the whole seed outlet and return to the husking machine again to be husked; the crushed broken kernels and broken shells are discharged from a fine powder discharge port, the kernels containing 16% of hulls are discharged from a kernel discharge port, the kernels enter a multi-stage air separator from a kernel chute to be subjected to air separation and shelling, and the kernels containing less than 9% of hulls are discharged from the air separation discharge port and enter the next process, so that the quality of the sunflower seed oil can be greatly improved, and the economic benefit is improved.

As an improvement of the invention, the kernel-shell separator comprises a fixed frame, a sieve boat is suspended in an inner cavity of the fixed frame through a suspension mechanism, a separator feeding box is arranged at the upper part of the left end of the fixed frame, and an outlet at the bottom of the separator feeding box is aligned with an inlet at the top of the left end of the sieve boat; an upper layer sieve, a lower layer sieve and a bottom layer slide carriage are sequentially arranged in the inner cavity of the sieve boat from top to bottom, wherein the left part is higher than the right part, and the right part is lower than the right part; the upper part of the right end of the fixed frame is provided with a top air suction assembly, a top air suction outlet is positioned at the upper end of the top air suction assembly, and the lower end of the top air suction assembly is positioned above the screen mesh of the upper-layer screen; the right end of the upper layer screen is provided with an upper layer screen chute, and the whole seed outlet is positioned at the front side or the rear side of the fixed frame and is butted with the upper layer screen chute; the right-hand member of lower floor's sieve is connected with the lower floor sieve carriage apron that the below extended in the direction right, and the right-hand member of lower floor sieve carriage apron stretches into in the afterbody baffle box, and the seed benevolence discharge gate is the bottom of afterbody baffle box, and the top of afterbody baffle box is connected with afterbody cover that induced drafts, and the afterbody outlet of induced drafting is located the upper end that the afterbody covers that induced draft. The screening boat does plane rotary screening movement in the fixed frame through suspension mechanisms at four corners, the shelled sunflower seeds enter the upper end of the upper screen through a feeding box of the separator, the screen holes of the upper screen are large, after the sunflower seeds are screened by the upper screen, the materials smaller than the upper screen holes fall onto the lower screen, the whole seeds and the whole shell move to the tail part of the upper screen, and the light weight of the whole shell is sucked away by a top air suction assembly; the whole seeds enter the chute of the upper screen from the right end of the upper screen, slide into the whole seed outlet at the front side or the rear side of the fixed frame along the chute of the upper screen, the whole seed outlet can be arranged at one side or at both sides, and the whole seeds return to the husking machine again for husking. And (3) allowing fine powder in the material falling onto the lower-layer sieve with smaller sieve holes to pass through the sieve holes of the lower-layer sieve and fall onto the bottom-layer slide carriage, and allowing the bottom-layer slide carriage to rotate and vibrate along with the sieve boat, so that the fine powder slides downwards to the right and is discharged from a fine powder discharge hole. The kernel on the lower layer screen falls into the tail part separating box along the lower layer screen slide carriage, the crushed husk is sucked out from the tail part air suction cover, the kernel and a small amount of crushed husk are discharged from the kernel discharge hole at the bottom of the tail part separating box, and the husk content is about 16%.

As a further improvement of the invention, the suspension mechanism comprises an L-shaped steel frame and suspension rods, wherein the vertical edges of the L-shaped steel frame are fixedly connected to the side wall of the sieve boat, the upper end and the lower end of each suspension rod are respectively connected with a hoisting screw through a cross-shaped coupler, the lower end of the lower hoisting screw is fixed on the lower transverse edge of the L-shaped steel frame, and the upper end of the upper hoisting screw is hinged on the fixed frame; the upper part of each lower hoisting screw is respectively screwed with a round nut, and the bottom of each round nut is pressed on the lower transverse edge of the L-shaped steel frame. The lengths of the two ends of the suspension rod can be adjusted through the upper hoisting screw and the lower hoisting screw, so that the suspension mechanism is kept balanced, and the round nuts are locked on the lower transverse edge of the L-shaped steel frame after the suspension lengths of the four corners are adjusted to be consistent. The cross coupling has small damping, flexible shaking and large rotation amplitude, and can not cause unbalanced expansion even working for a long time.

As a further improvement of the invention, a separation feeding roller is installed in the center of the lower part of a feeding box of the separator, one end of the separation feeding roller is driven by a separation feeding speed reduction motor, a feeding port of the separator is positioned on the right side of the top of the feeding box of the separator, a feeding left guide plate and a feeding right guide plate are arranged on two sides of the feeding port of the separator, the lower end of the feeding right guide plate is close to the circumference of the separation feeding roller, a feeding adjusting plate is arranged between the circumferences of the feeding left guide plate and the separation feeding roller, the lower part of the feeding adjusting plate is hinged with a turnbuckle, the upper end of the turnbuckle is hinged on the circumference of a feeding adjusting wheel, the feeding adjusting wheel is fixed on a feeding adjusting shaft, the outer end of the feeding adjusting shaft is connected. The sunflower seeds that peel off fall into between the left baffle of feeding and the right baffle of feeding from the separating centrifuge feed inlet to on falling the separation feed roller, along with the rotation of separation feed roller, dial the material into the sieve ship, the material on the separation feed roller realizes closing the wind function simultaneously. The feeding adjusting plate is limited by guide rails at two ends and can only move up and down, the feeding adjusting wheel pulls the feeding adjusting plate to move up and down through the turn buckle by rotating the feeding adjusting wrench, and the gap between the feeding adjusting plate and the circumference of the separation feeding roller is changed, so that the feeding speed is changed. After the feeding speed is adjusted properly, the feeding adjusting wrench is locked through the wrench locking hand wheel.

As a further improvement of the invention, a fixed clapboard extending vertically is arranged in an inner cavity of the tail separation box, a tail feed inlet is arranged at the lower part of the fixed clapboard, a tail slide carriage inclining towards the right lower part is arranged below the lower layer screen slide carriage, and the lower end of the tail slide carriage is connected with the lower edge of the tail feed inlet; the right side of fixed baffle is equipped with along vertical partition and the unsteady baffle that can control the regulation, constitutes the afterbody separating chamber between fixed baffle and the unsteady baffle, the afterbody cover of induced drafting is connected at the top of afterbody separating chamber, the seed benevolence discharge gate is located the lower extreme of afterbody separating chamber. The kernel on the lower layer screen slides down from the lower edge of the lower layer screen slide carriage, falls on the tail slide carriage and enters the tail separation chamber from the tail feed inlet, the light crushed husk in the kernel is sucked out by the tail suction hood at the top of the tail separation chamber, and the heavy kernel and the residual crushed husk are discharged from the kernel discharge outlet at the lower end of the tail separation chamber. The floating partition plate translates leftwards, the volume of the tail separation chamber is reduced, and the floating partition plate translates rightwards, the volume of the tail separation chamber is increased, so that the device can adapt to the change of yield and wind speed.

As a further improvement of the invention, the floating clapboard comprises a plurality of sections which are sequentially hinged by long-row hinges from top to bottom, the topmost section is a fixed section and is fixedly connected with the top of the tail separation box, the upper part and the lower part of the floating section are respectively connected with floating plate adjusting blocks which extend towards the right, the right ends of the two floating plate adjusting blocks are respectively hinged with a floating plate adjusting swing rod, the fixed ends of the floating plate adjusting swing rods are respectively fixedly connected with floating plate adjusting shafts, the outer end heads of the two floating plate adjusting shafts are respectively fixed with floating plate adjusting wrenches, the free ends of the floating plate adjusting wrenches are respectively provided with wrench waist-shaped grooves which extend along the axial line, shifting pins are respectively embedded in the two wrench waist-shaped grooves, the roots of the two shifting pins are respectively connected with the floating plate adjusting nuts, the two floating plate adjusting nuts are respectively screwed on the floating plate adjusting screw rods, and the two ends of the two floating plate, the middle sections of the two U-shaped support plates are respectively fixed on the side wall of the tail separation box, and floating plate adjusting hand wheels are respectively installed at the rear ends of the two floating plate adjusting screw rods. Rotate unsteady board adjusting screw through unsteady board adjusting handle, unsteady board adjusting nut produces the translation along unsteady board adjusting screw, unsteady board adjusting nut passes through the shifting pin and drives the swing of unsteady board adjusting wrench, the spanner kidney slot provides the space for the slip of shifting pin, unsteady board adjusting wrench drives the rotation of unsteady board regulating spindle, unsteady board regulating spindle drives unsteady board and adjusts the synchronous rotation of pendulum rod, the free end horizontal hunting of pendulum rod is adjusted to the unsteady board, through unsteady board regulating block pull unsteady baffle horizontal translation. The long-row hinges enable the floating partition plates to be hinged in multiple sections from top to bottom, the upper portions and the lower portions of the floating partition plates can float respectively under the driving of the floating plate adjusting hand wheels, the volume of the tail separating chamber can be changed, the cross section shape of the tail separating chamber can also be changed, and a better separating effect can be achieved.

As a further improvement of the invention, a tail feeding adjusting door is arranged at the tail feeding port, the lower end of the tail feeding adjusting door extends to the tail slide carriage, the upper end of the tail feeding adjusting door is fixed on a tail adjusting door shaft, a tail feeding adjusting handle is arranged at the outer end of the tail adjusting door shaft, and a tail feeding locking wheel is screwed on the tail feeding adjusting handle. The tail feed adjusting door shaft is rotated through the tail feed adjusting handle and drives the tail feed adjusting door to rotate, so that the opening degree of a tail feed inlet is changed, and the separation flow of the tail separation box is adjusted; and after the tail part feeding locking wheel is suitable, the tail part feeding adjusting handle is locked through the tail part feeding locking wheel.

As a further improvement of the invention, elastic ball screen frames are respectively arranged below the upper-layer screen and the lower-layer screen, a plurality of circular wear-resistant chains are arranged along the width direction of the bottom-layer slide carriage, and the upper ends of the circular wear-resistant chains are hung at the upper end of the bottom-layer slide carriage. Along with the gyration of sieve ship and rocking, the elastic ball reel can carry out the elasticity to upper sieve and lower floor's sieve and strike, clear up the mesh of screen cloth. Meanwhile, each circular wear-resistant chain freely swings on the bottom slide carriage along with the sieve boat to clean fine powder on the bottom slide carriage, so that the fine powder can slide downwards conveniently.

As a further improvement of the invention, the top air suction assembly comprises a plurality of top air suction covers arranged along the width direction of the screen, each top air suction cover is fixed on a common top air suction cross frame, the front end and the rear end of each top air suction cross frame are respectively provided with a lifting adjusting nut, the lifting adjusting nuts are respectively screwed on lifting adjusting screws, the tops of the lifting adjusting screws are respectively supported on the tops of air suction fixing vertical frames through bearings, the lower ends of the lifting adjusting screws are fixed in worm wheel holes of worm gear boxes, worm shafts of the two worm gear boxes are mutually connected through connecting rods, the outer ends of the two worm shafts are respectively provided with lifting adjusting hand wheels, and the air suction fixing vertical frames and the worm gear boxes are fixed on the tops of the fixing frames. After the shelled sunflower seeds are screened by the upper-layer screen and reach the tail part of the upper-layer screen, materials smaller than the upper-layer screen holes all fall onto the lower-layer screen, oversize materials left at the tail part of the upper-layer screen are whole seeds and whole shells and are tiled on the upper-layer screen, and the whole shells are sucked away by the air suction ports of the top air suction hoods when the whole seeds and the whole shells pass below the top air suction assembly. The worm shafts of the worm and gear box are rotated through the lifting adjusting hand wheel, the worm shafts on two sides are synchronously rotated through the connecting rod, the top air suction assembly is prevented from inclining, and the air suction effect of each top air suction cover is consistent. The worm wheel synchronous drive lifting adjusting screw of two worm gear case rotates, and two lifting adjusting screw synchronous drive lifting adjusting nut reciprocate, and two lifting adjusting nut drive the both ends synchronous lift of the crossbearer that induced drafts at the top for the inlet scoop of top induced draft cover lower part apart from the distance of upper screen can be adjusted, when guaranteeing that whole shell can be sucked completely, whole seed can not be siphoned away.

As a further improvement of the invention, the worm and gear box is fixed in the middle of the bottom edge of the air suction fixing vertical frame, the bottom edge of the air suction fixing vertical frame is provided with a vertical frame bottom edge waist-shaped groove extending along the left-right direction, a bolt penetrates through the vertical frame bottom edge waist-shaped groove to fix the air suction fixing vertical frame on the fixing rack, the fixing racks below the bottom edges of the two air suction fixing vertical frames are respectively provided with a graduated scale, and the outer sides of the bottom edges of the two air suction fixing vertical frames are respectively provided with a pointer pointing to the graduated scale. The two air suction fixed vertical frames drive the top air suction assembly to horizontally move left and right, the position of the air suction opening of each top air suction cover in the left and right directions can be adjusted, the upper layer screen is fully screened when the top air suction is ensured, and only whole seeds and whole shells are stored on the screen surface. The waist-shaped groove at the bottom edge of the vertical frame provides an avoiding space for the left and right translation of the two air suction fixed vertical frames, the two air suction fixed vertical frames can keep synchronous through the pointer and the graduated scale, and the air suction openings of the top air suction covers are positioned on the same section of the upper-layer screen.

As a further improvement of the invention, the multistage air separator comprises air separation chambers extending vertically, a rotary blanking valve is installed at an inlet at the top of each air separation chamber, a plurality of air inlet openings of the air separation chambers are formed in the left side wall of each air separation chamber from top to bottom, a plurality of air outlet openings of the air separation chambers are formed in the right side wall of each air separation chamber from top to bottom, and the air outlet openings of the air separation chambers are higher than the air inlet openings of the air separation chambers at the opposite sides; the upper edge and the lower edge of the air inlet of each air separation chamber are respectively connected with an upper left inclined plate and a lower left inclined plate which incline rightwards and downwards and are parallel to each other, the upper edge of the air outlet of each air separation chamber is respectively connected with a right inclined plate which inclines leftwards and downwards, the lower edge of each right inclined plate points to the upper part of the left inclined plate, and the air separation discharge hole is positioned at the bottom of the air separation chamber; an air extracting chamber covering the air outlets of the air separating chambers is arranged on the right side of the air separating chamber, and an air separating shell opening is connected to the top of the air extracting chamber. The seed kernels discharged from the kernel-shell separator have the content of the shells of about 16 percent, are sent to an inlet at the top of the air separation chamber through a rotary blanking valve to close air, and are alternately thrown back and forth between an upper left inclined plate and a right inclined plate in the falling process; meanwhile, fresh air enters the inner cavity of the air separation chamber from the air inlets of the air separation chambers, flows along the space between the upper left inclined plate and the lower left inclined plate to the lower right side, and is blown off rightwards from the lower edge of the upper left inclined plate, so that the fresh air is crossed with the seed kernels scattered from the upper left inclined plate, and the husk in the seed kernels is blown off by airflow due to light weight, flies upwards and rightwards along with the airflow, flies out from the air outlet of the air separation chamber above, enters the air extraction chamber, and is discharged from the air separation husk outlet at the top of the air extraction chamber under the negative pressure suction of the air extraction chamber; the winnowed kernels are scattered on the right sloping plate below, and when scattered from the lower edge of the right sloping plate, the kernels are crossed with the air flow rising below again, and once again, the hulls are blown away from the material flow; then the seeds are scattered on the upper left inclined plate of the next stage to be winnowed again, so that the seed kernels are winnowed from top to bottom in multiple stages, and the shell content in the seed kernels can reach below 9 percent.

As a further improvement of the invention, left inclined plate adjusting seats are respectively welded on the front side wall and the rear side wall of the air separation chamber, left inclined plate adjusting screws are respectively screwed in each left inclined plate adjusting seat, the upper ends of the left inclined plate adjusting screws abut against the lower part of the upper left inclined plate, left inclined plate positioning nuts and left inclined plate locking nuts are screwed on the left inclined plate adjusting screws, the left inclined plate positioning nuts abut against the lower end surface of the lower left inclined plate, and the left inclined plate locking nuts abut against the lower end surface of the left inclined plate adjusting seats; the length of the lower left sloping plate is greater than that of the upper left sloping plate. The screwing position of the left swash plate positioning nut on the left swash plate adjusting screw determines the distance between the lower left swash plate and the upper left swash plate, and the lower left swash plate and the upper left swash plate are usually kept in a parallel state. The screwing position of the left inclined plate locking nut determines the inclination angle of the upper left inclined plate and the lower left inclined plate, and the downward sliding speed and the throwing state of the seed kernels are changed, so that the winnowing effect is improved. In the air separation process of each stage, when the seeds are scattered from the lower edge of the upper left inclined plate, the seeds are subjected to the strongest first blowing of air flow between the upper left inclined plate and the lower left inclined plate; the seeds scattered from the upper left inclined plate are scattered on the lower left inclined plate to form secondary scattering, and are subjected to secondary blowing by the air flow below; when the air flows fall from the lower edge of the lower right inclined plate, the air is blown for the third time by the lower air flow; therefore, the husk is blown three times by each stage of winnowing, and the separation effect is higher.

As a further improvement of the invention, an air inlet adjusting plate capable of moving up and down is respectively matched at the air inlet of each air separation chamber, a plurality of air inlet adjusting knobs are respectively arranged along the length direction of the air inlet adjusting plate, the screw rod of each air inlet adjusting knob is screwed on the left side wall of the air separation chamber, a plurality of air inlet adjusting plate vertical grooves are arranged on the air inlet adjusting plate, and the screw rod of each air inlet adjusting knob is positioned in the corresponding air inlet adjusting plate vertical groove. The air inlet adjusting knob is unscrewed, the L-shaped air inlet adjusting plate can move up and down, when the air inlet adjusting plate moves up and down, the width of the air inlet of the air separation chamber is narrowed, and the air inlet amount is reduced; when the air inlet adjusting plate moves downwards, the width of the air inlet of the air separation chamber is widened, and the air inlet amount is increased; the air inlet adjusting plate vertical groove provides an avoiding space for a screw rod of the air inlet adjusting knob, and after the air inlet adjusting knob is adjusted properly, the air inlet adjusting knob is screwed tightly to fix the air inlet adjusting plate.

As a further improvement of the invention, the front side wall and the rear side wall of the air separation chamber are respectively provided with a right inclined plate adjusting seat, a right inclined plate adjusting screw is respectively screwed in each right inclined plate adjusting seat, the upper end of the right inclined plate adjusting screw is abutted against the lower part of the right inclined plate, a right inclined plate locking nut is screwed on the right inclined plate adjusting screw, and the right inclined plate locking nut is abutted against the lower end surface of the right inclined plate adjusting seat. The right sloping plate adjusting screw is screwed in or screwed out of the right sloping plate adjusting seat, the inclination angle of the right sloping plate can be changed, and after the right sloping plate adjusting screw is adjusted properly, the right sloping plate locking nut is locked below the right sloping plate adjusting seat.

Drawings

The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and detailed description, which are provided for reference and illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention.

In the figure: FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of the kernel-shell separation system of sunflower seeds according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the kernel-shell separator of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a top view of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a bottom view of fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is a first perspective view of fig. 2.

Fig. 7 is a second perspective view of fig. 2.

Fig. 8 is a first perspective view of a sieve vessel according to the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a second perspective view of the sieve vessel of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the top suction assembly of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a pulley portion of a sieve vessel according to the present invention.

Fig. 12 is an enlarged perspective view of the floating partition in the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a front view of a multistage air classifier according to the present invention.

Fig. 14 is a left side view of fig. 13 with the wind outlet removed.

Fig. 15 is a right side view of fig. 13.

Fig. 16 is a top view of fig. 13.

Fig. 17 is a perspective view of fig. 13 with the air outlet removed.

Fig. 18 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 13.

In the figure: A. a decorticator; B. a kernel and shell separator; 1. a separator feed box; 1a, a feed inlet of a separator; 1b, separating a feeding speed reducing motor; 1c, separating a feed roller; 1d, feeding a right guide plate; 1e, feeding a left guide plate; 1f, feeding adjusting plate; 1g, a turnbuckle; feeding an adjusting wheel; 1j. a feed adjustment shaft; 1k, feeding an adjusting wrench; 1m. a spanner locking hand wheel; 2. a sieve vessel; 2a, an upper layer screen; 2a1. elastic ball screen frame; 2b, an upper-layer screen chute; 2c, screening the lower layer; 2c1. lower elastic ball sieve frame; 2d, a lower-layer sieve slide plate; 2e, a bottom layer slide carriage; 2f, discharging a fine powder outlet; 2g, a circular wear-resistant chain; 2h, screening a pulley of the ship; 2j. eccentric block; 2k, a pulley shaft; 2m. bottom support; 2n. driving a motor; 2p, screening boat rubber access cover; screening ship sight glass; 3. a suspension mechanism; 3a.L steel frame; 3b, hoisting a screw rod; 3c, a cross coupling; 3d, hanging the rod; 3e, a lower hoisting screw rod; 3f, round nuts; 4. a top air draft assembly; 4a, a top air suction cover; 4b, a top air suction cross frame; 4c, lifting adjusting nuts; 4d, lifting the adjusting screw; 4e, air suction fixing the vertical frame; 4e1. vertical frame bottom edge kidney slot; 4e2. pointer; 4f, a worm gear box; 4g, connecting rods; 4h, lifting the adjusting hand wheel; 5. a tail feed chamber; 5a, a tail slide carriage; 5b, fixing the partition plate; 5c, a tail feed port; 5d, a tail feeding adjusting door; 5e, adjusting a door shaft at the tail part; 5f, feeding and adjusting a handle at the tail part; 5g, feeding and locking wheels at the tail part; 5h, viewing a tail feeding chamber; 6. a tail separation chamber; 6a, discharging a seed kernel; 6b, a tail rear wall plate; 6b1. rear wall board view mirror at the tail; separating chamber sight glass; 6d, floating partition plates; 6d1. floating partition mirror; 6e, long-row hinges; 6f, a floating plate adjusting block; 6g, adjusting a swing rod by a floating plate; 6h, adjusting a shaft by using a floating plate; 6j, adjusting a wrench by a floating plate; 6j1. spanner kidney slot; 6k, adjusting a nut by using a floating plate; 6k1. thumb latch; 6m, adjusting a screw rod by a floating plate; 6 n.U-shaped support plates; 6p, a floating plate adjusting hand wheel; 7. a tail air suction cover; 8. fixing the frame; 8a, a graduated scale; 9. a whole seed outlet; 10. a seed kernel chute; C. a multistage air separator; 11. rotating the blanking valve; 12. an air separation chamber; 12a, an air inlet of the air separation chamber; 12b, an air outlet of the air separation chamber; 12c, winnowing a discharge hole; 12d, a sampling port; 12e, viewing mirror of air separation chamber; 12f, a vision mirror handle of the air separation chamber; 12g, quickly pressing a handle; 12g1. quick-release lever; 13. an upper left sloping plate; 14. a lower left sloping plate; 15. a right sloping plate; 16. a left sloping plate adjusting screw; 16a, a left inclined plate adjusting seat; 16b, positioning a nut of the left inclined plate; 16c, a left sloping plate locking nut; 17. a right swash plate adjusting screw; 17a, a right sloping plate adjusting seat; 17b, a right sloping plate locking nut; 18. an air inlet adjusting plate; 18a, an air inlet adjusting knob; 19. an air extraction chamber; 19a. an extraction chamber sight glass; 20. a shell opening is selected by wind; 21. an air suction pipe; 22. a dust removal pipe; D. a saxolone.

Detailed Description

As shown in figure 1, the kernel and shell separation system for sunflower seeds comprises a huller A and a kernel and shell separator B, wherein a discharge port of the huller A is connected with a separator feed port of the kernel and shell separator B through a hulling discharge chute, the kernel and shell separator B is provided with a whole seed outlet, a fine powder discharge port, a seed kernel discharge port, a top air suction outlet and a tail air suction outlet, the seed kernel discharge port is connected with the top feed port of a multistage air separator C through a seed kernel chute 10, the bottom of the multistage air separator C is provided with an air separation discharge port, the right side of the top of the multistage air separator C is provided with an air separation shell port, and the top air suction outlet, the tail air suction outlet and the air separation shell port are respectively connected with an air suction.

After the sunflower seeds are husked by the husking machine A, the kernels and the husks enter the kernel and husk separator B for screening, and the whole unhulled seeds are discharged from the whole seed outlet and return to the husking machine A again for husking; the crushed broken kernels and broken shells are discharged from a fine powder discharge port, the kernels containing 16% of hulls are discharged from a kernel discharge port, the kernels enter a multistage air separator C from a kernel chute 10 to be subjected to air separation and shelling continuously, the kernels containing less than 9% of hulls are discharged from the air separation discharge port, and the kernels enter the next process, so that the quality of the sunflower seed oil can be greatly improved, and the economic benefit is improved. The whole shell is discharged from the top air suction outlet, the broken shell of the separator is discharged from the tail air suction outlet, and the broken shell of the multistage air separation is discharged from the air separation shell outlet and is respectively sucked by the air suction pipe 21 to enter the Seakron D for separation. The side wall of the husking and discharging chute is connected with a dust removal pipe 22 and is connected with an air suction pipe 21, so that dust generated by husking can be removed before separation, and dust generated by screening of the kernel and shell separator B is reduced.

As shown in fig. 2 to 12, the kernel-shell separator B comprises a fixed frame 8, a sieve boat 2 is arranged in an inner cavity of the fixed frame 8, four corners of the sieve boat 2 are respectively hinged on the fixed frame 8 through suspension mechanisms 3, a separator feeding box 1 is arranged at the upper part of the left end of the fixed frame 8, and an outlet at the bottom of the separator feeding box 1 is aligned with an inlet at the top of the left end of the sieve boat 2; an upper-layer sieve 2a, a lower-layer sieve 2c and a bottom-layer slide carriage 2e which are high on the left and low on the right are sequentially arranged in the inner cavity of the sieve vessel 2 from top to bottom, and a fine powder discharge port 2f which is concave downwards is arranged at the right end of the bottom-layer slide carriage 2 e; the upper part of the right end of the fixed frame 8 is provided with a top air suction assembly 4, and an air suction opening at the lower end of the top air suction assembly 4 is positioned above the screen mesh of the upper-layer screen 2 a; the right end of the upper layer screen 2a is provided with an upper layer screen chute 2b, the lower end of the upper layer screen chute 2b extends forwards or backwards and is butted with a whole seed outlet 9 on the fixed frame 8, and the whole seed outlet 9 is fixed at the rear side of the fixed frame 8; the right-hand member of lower floor sieve 2c is connected with the lower floor sieve carriage 2d that the below extended in the right side, and the right-hand member of lower floor sieve carriage 2d stretches into in the afterbody separator box, and the seed benevolence discharge gate is the bottom 6a of afterbody separator box, and the top of afterbody separator box is connected with the afterbody cover that induced drafts, and the afterbody is induced drafted the export and is located the upper end 7 of afterbody cover that induced draft.

The sieve boat 2 does plane rotary screening movement in a fixed frame 8 through suspension mechanisms 3 at four corners, shelled sunflower seeds enter the upper end of an upper-layer sieve 2a through a feeding box 1 of a separator, the sieve pores of the upper-layer sieve 2a are larger, after the sunflower seeds are screened by the upper-layer sieve 2a, materials smaller than the sieve pores of the upper-layer sieve fall onto a lower-layer sieve 2c, the whole seeds and the whole shell move to the tail part of the upper-layer sieve 2a, and the light weight of the whole shell is sucked away by a top air suction component 4; the whole seeds enter the chute 2b of the upper screen from the right end of the upper screen 2a, slide into the whole seed outlet 9 at the front side or the rear side of the fixed frame 8 along the chute 2b of the upper screen, the whole seed outlet 9 can be arranged at one side or at both sides, and the whole seeds are returned to the husking machine A for husking again. The fine powder of the material falling on the lower layer screen 2c with smaller screen holes passes through the screen holes of the lower layer screen 2c and falls on the bottom layer slide carriage 2e, and the bottom layer slide carriage 2e rotates and vibrates along with the screen boat 2, so that the fine powder slides to the lower right and is discharged from the fine powder discharge port 2f. The kernel on the lower layer screen 2c falls into the tail part separating box along the lower layer screen slide carriage 2d, the crushed husk therein is sucked out from the tail part air suction hood 7, the kernel and a small amount of crushed husk are discharged from the seed kernel discharge port 6a at the bottom of the tail part separating box, and the content of the husk is about 16%.

As shown in fig. 2, 5 and 11, a sieve belt pulley 2h is installed at the center of the bottom of the sieve vessel 2, the sieve belt pulley 2h is installed in the middle of a belt pulley shaft 2k, and the upper end and the lower end of the belt pulley shaft 2k are respectively supported on a bottom support 2m of the sieve vessel 2 through bearings; eccentric blocks 2j are symmetrically arranged on the circumference of the upper end face and the lower end face of the sieve boat belt wheel 2h, the sieve boat belt wheel 2h is in transmission connection with a belt wheel of a driving motor 2n through a belt, and the driving motor 2n is arranged on the side wall of the sieve boat 2. The driving motor 2n drives the sieve boat belt pulley 2h to rotate through a belt, and the eccentric block 2j on the sieve boat belt pulley 2h enables the sieve boat 2 to generate plane rotation and vibration at the same time, so that the sieve is convenient to sieve. The sieve boat belt pulley 2h and the belt pulley shaft 2k are positioned in the middle of the sieve boat 2, so that the rotation of the sieve boat 2 is more balanced, and the sieve boat is convenient to arrange.

The suspension mechanism 3 comprises an L-shaped steel frame 3a and suspension rods 3d, the vertical edges of the L-shaped steel frame 3a are fixedly connected to the side walls of the sieve vessel 2, the upper end and the lower end of each suspension rod 3d are respectively connected with a hoisting screw through a cross-shaped coupler 3c, the lower end of a lower hoisting screw 3e is fixed on the transverse edge of the lower part of the L-shaped steel frame 3a, and the upper end of an upper hoisting screw 3b is hinged to the fixed frame 8; the upper parts of the lower hoisting screw rods 3e are respectively screwed with round nuts 3f, and the bottoms of the round nuts 3f are pressed on the lower transverse edges of the L-shaped steel frames 3a. The lengths of the two ends of the suspension rod 3d can be adjusted through the upper hoisting screw 3b and the lower hoisting screw 3e, so that the suspension mechanism 3 keeps balance, and the round nuts 3f are locked on the lower transverse edge of the L-shaped steel frame 3a after the suspension lengths of the four corners are adjusted to be consistent. The cross coupling 3c has small damping, flexible shaking and large rotation amplitude, and can not cause unbalanced expansion even working for a long time.

The separating and feeding device comprises a separating and feeding roller 1c, a separating and feeding speed reduction motor 1b is arranged at the center of the lower portion of a separating and feeding box 1, a separating and feeding feed port 1a is arranged on the right side of the top of the separating and feeding box 1, a left feeding guide plate 1e and a right feeding guide plate 1d are arranged on two sides of the separating and feeding port 1a, the lower end of the right feeding guide plate 1d is close to the circumference of the separating and feeding roller 1c, a feeding adjusting plate 1f is arranged between the left feeding guide plate 1e and the circumference of the separating and feeding roller 1c, a basket bolt 1g is hinged to the lower portion of the feeding adjusting plate 1f, the upper end of the basket bolt 1g is hinged to the circumference of a feeding adjusting wheel 1h, the feeding adjusting wheel 1h is fixed to a feeding adjusting shaft 1j, a feeding adjusting wrench 1k is connected to the outer end of the feeding adjusting shaft 1j, and.

The shelled sunflower seeds fall between the feeding left guide plate 1e and the feeding right guide plate 1d from the feeding port 1a of the separator and fall on the separation feeding roller 1c, the materials are stirred into the sieve boat 2 along with the rotation of the separation feeding roller 1c, and the air closing function is realized by the materials on the separation feeding roller 1c. The feeding adjusting plate 1f is limited by guide rails at two ends and can only move up and down, the feeding adjusting wrench 1k is rotated to enable the feeding adjusting wheel 1h to pull the feeding adjusting plate 1f to move up and down through the turnbuckle 1g, and the gap between the feeding adjusting plate 1f and the circumference of the separation feeding roller 1c is changed, so that the feeding speed is changed. After the feeding speed is adjusted properly, the feeding adjusting wrench 1k is locked by the wrench locking hand wheel 1m.

A fixed baffle plate 5b extending vertically is arranged in the inner cavity of the tail separation box, a tail feed port 5c is arranged at the lower part of the fixed baffle plate 5b, a tail slide carriage 5a inclining towards the right lower part is arranged below the lower layer screen slide carriage 2d, and the lower end of the tail slide carriage 5a is connected to the lower edge of the tail feed port 5 c; the right side of fixed baffle 5b is equipped with along vertical partition and can control the floating partition 6d of adjusting, and floating partition 6d is located afterbody rear wall board 6 b's left side, constitutes afterbody separator 6 between fixed baffle 5b and the floating partition 6d, and the afterbody cover 7 that induced drafts is connected at the top of afterbody separator 6, and seed kernel discharge gate 6a is located the lower extreme of afterbody separator 6.

The kernel on the lower layer screen 2c slides down from the lower edge of the lower layer screen slide carriage 2d, falls on the tail slide carriage 5a, enters the tail separation chamber 6 from the tail feed inlet 5c, lighter broken shell shells in the kernel are sucked out by the tail suction hood 7 at the top of the tail separation chamber 6, and heavier kernels and the rest broken shell are discharged from the kernel discharge port 6a at the lower end of the tail separation chamber 6. The floating partition plate 6d translates leftwards, the volume of the tail separating chamber 6 becomes smaller, and the floating partition plate 6d translates rightwards, the volume of the tail separating chamber 6 becomes larger, so that the change of yield and wind speed can be adapted.

The floating partition board 6d comprises a plurality of sections which are sequentially hinged by long-row hinges 6e from top to bottom, the topmost section is a fixed section and is fixedly connected with the top of the tail separation box, the upper part and the lower part of the floating section are respectively connected with floating board adjusting blocks 6f which extend towards the right, the right ends of the two floating board adjusting blocks 6f are respectively hinged with floating board adjusting swing rods 6g, the fixed ends of the floating board adjusting swing rods 6g are respectively and fixedly connected with floating board adjusting shafts 6h, the outer end heads of the two floating board adjusting shafts 6h are respectively and fixedly provided with floating board adjusting wrenches 6j, the free ends of the floating board adjusting wrenches 6j are respectively provided with wrench waist-shaped grooves 6j1 which extend along the axial line, shifting pins 6k1 are respectively embedded in the two wrench waist-shaped grooves 6j1, the root parts of the two shifting pins 6k1 are respectively connected with floating board adjusting nuts 6k, the two floating board adjusting nuts 6k are, two ends of the two floating plate adjusting screw rods 6m are respectively hinged to two ends of the U-shaped support plate 6n, the middle sections of the two U-shaped support plates 6n are respectively fixed on the side wall of the tail separation box, and floating plate adjusting hand wheels 6p are respectively installed at the rear ends of the two floating plate adjusting screw rods 6m.

The floating plate adjusting hand wheel 6p is used for rotating the floating plate adjusting screw 6m, the floating plate adjusting nut 6k generates translation along the floating plate adjusting screw 6m, the floating plate adjusting nut 6k drives the floating plate adjusting wrench 6j to swing through the shifting pin 6k1, the wrench waist-shaped groove 6j1 provides space for the shifting pin 6k1 to slide, the floating plate adjusting wrench 6j drives the floating plate adjusting shaft 6h to rotate, the floating plate adjusting shaft 6h drives the floating plate adjusting swing rod 6g to synchronously rotate, the free end of the floating plate adjusting swing rod 6g swings left and right, and the floating partition plate 6d is pulled to translate left and right through the floating plate adjusting block 6f. The long-row hinges 6e enable the floating partition plate 6d to be hinged in multiple sections from top to bottom, the upper portion and the lower portion of the floating partition plate 6d can float respectively under the driving of the floating plate adjusting hand wheel 6p, the volume of the tail separation chamber 6 can be changed, the cross section shape of the tail separation chamber can be changed, and a better separation effect can be achieved.

The floating partition plate 6d is provided with a floating partition plate view mirror 6d1, and the tail rear wall plate 6b is provided with a tail rear wall plate view mirror 6b1, so that the working state of the separation chamber can be observed conveniently from the rear side.

Afterbody feed inlet 5c department installs afterbody feeding adjustment door 5d, and the lower extreme of afterbody feeding adjustment door 5d stretches to afterbody carriage apron 5a, and the upper end of afterbody feeding adjustment door 5d is fixed on afterbody adjusting door axle 5e, and afterbody feeding adjustment handle 5f is installed to the outer end of afterbody adjusting door axle 5e, and afterbody feeding adjustment handle 5f top spin has connect afterbody feeding locking wheel 5g. The tail feed adjusting handle 5f rotates the tail adjusting door shaft 5e, the tail adjusting door shaft 5e drives the tail feed adjusting door 5d to rotate, and the opening degree of the tail feed port 5c is changed to adjust the separation flow of the tail separation box; after the rear part is proper, the rear part feeding adjusting handle 5f is locked through the rear part feeding locking wheel 5g.

The left cavity of the fixed partition plate 5b is a tail feeding chamber 5, a tail feeding chamber viewing mirror 5h is arranged on the front wall plate and the rear wall plate of the tail feeding chamber 5, and the tail feeding chamber viewing mirror 5h is positioned above the tail slide carriage 5a. The material accumulation state of the tail feeding adjusting door 5d part can be directly observed through the tail feeding chamber sight glass 5h, and the opening degree of the tail feeding hole 5c is reasonably controlled.

A plurality of separation chamber sight glasses 6c are arranged on the front wall plate and the rear wall plate of the tail separation chamber 6 from top to bottom; the separation condition of the broken peel shell and the kernel in the tail separation chamber 6 can be directly observed through the separation chamber sight glass 6c.

The top cap left part of sieve ship 2 is equipped with sieve ship rubber access cover 2p, and the top cap right part of sieve ship 2 is equipped with sieve ship sight glass 2q, and sieve ship sight glass 2q is located the left side of the subassembly 4 that induced drafts in top. The screening state of the upper layer screen 2a and the process of whole shell suction can be directly observed through the screening boat sight glass 2 q; the upper screen 2a can be maintained by removing the rubber access cover 2p of the screen boat.

An upper bouncing ball screen frame 2a1 is arranged below the upper layer screen 2a, a lower bouncing ball screen frame 2c1 is arranged below the lower layer screen 2c, a plurality of circular wear-resistant chains 2g are arranged along the width direction of the bottom layer slide carriage 2e, and the upper ends of the circular wear-resistant chains 2g are hung at the upper end of the bottom layer slide carriage 2e. Along with the gyration of sieve ship 2 and rock, the elastic ball reel can carry out the elasticity to upper sieve 2a and lower floor's sieve 2c and strike, clear up the mesh of screen cloth. Meanwhile, each circular wear-resistant chain 2g freely shakes on the bottom layer slide carriage 2e along with the sieve boat 2 to clean fine powder on the bottom layer slide carriage 2e, so that the fine powder can slide downwards conveniently.

The top air suction assembly 4 comprises a plurality of top air suction covers 4a arranged along the width direction of the screen, each top air suction cover 4a is fixed on a common top air suction cross frame 4b, the front end and the rear end of the top air suction cross frame 4b are respectively provided with a lifting adjusting nut 4c, the lifting adjusting nuts 4c are respectively screwed on lifting adjusting screw rods 4d, the tops of the lifting adjusting screw rods 4d are respectively supported at the tops of air suction fixed vertical frames 4e through bearings, the lower ends of the lifting adjusting screw rods 4d are fixed in worm wheel holes of worm wheel and worm boxes 4f, worm shafts of the two worm wheel and worm boxes 4f are mutually connected through connecting rods 4g, lifting adjusting hand wheels 4h are respectively installed at the outer ends of the two worm shafts, and the air suction fixed vertical frames 4e and the worm wheel and worm boxes 4f are fixed at the tops of the fixed frame.

After the shelled sunflower seeds are screened by the upper-layer screen 2a and reach the tail part of the upper-layer screen 2a, materials smaller than the upper-layer screen holes all fall onto the lower-layer screen 2c, oversize matters left at the tail part of the upper-layer screen are whole seeds and whole shells and are tiled on the upper-layer screen 2a, and the whole shells are sucked away by the suction openings of the top suction hoods 4a when the whole seeds and the whole shells pass below the top suction assembly 4. The worm shaft of the worm and gear box 4f is rotated through the lifting adjusting hand wheel 4h, the worm shafts on the two sides are synchronously rotated through the connecting rod 4g, the top air suction assembly 4 is prevented from inclining, and the air suction effect of each top air suction cover 4a is consistent. The worm wheel synchronous drive lift adjusting screw 4d of two worm gear case 4f rotates, and two lift adjusting screw 4d synchronous drive lift adjusting nut 4c reciprocate, and two lift adjusting nut 4c drive the top both ends synchronous lift of the crossbearer 4b that induced drafts for the inlet scoop of top induced draft cover 4a lower part apart from the upper screen 2a apart from the distance can be adjusted, when guaranteeing that whole shell can be sucked dry, whole seed can not be siphoned away.

The worm and gear box 4f is fixed in the middle of the bottom edge of the air suction fixing vertical frame 4e, a vertical frame bottom edge waist-shaped groove 4e1 extending along the left-right direction is formed in the bottom edge of the air suction fixing vertical frame 4e, a bolt penetrates through the vertical frame bottom edge waist-shaped groove 4e1 to fix the air suction fixing vertical frame 4e on the fixing rack 8, the fixed racks 8 below the bottom edges of the two air suction fixing vertical frames 4e are respectively provided with a graduated scale 8a, and the outer sides of the bottom edges of the two air suction fixing vertical frames 4e are respectively provided with a pointer 4e2 pointing to the graduated scale 8a. Two fixed vertical racks 4e that induced draft drive the top subassembly 4 that induced drafts and translate from side to side, can adjust the inlet scoop of each top cover 4a that induced drafts in the position of left and right direction, when guaranteeing the top induced draft, upper screen 2a has sieved fully, only deposits whole seed and whole shell on the sifter. The waist-shaped groove 4e1 at the bottom edge of the vertical frame provides an avoiding space for the left and right translation of the two air suction fixed vertical frames 4e, the two air suction fixed vertical frames 4e can keep synchronous through the pointer 4e2 and the graduated scale 8a, and the air suction openings of the top air suction covers 4a are positioned on the same section of the upper-layer screen 2a.

As shown in fig. 13 to 18, the multistage air separator C includes an air separation chamber 12 extending vertically, a rotary blanking valve 11 is installed at an inlet at the top of the air separation chamber 12, a plurality of air separation chamber air inlets 12a are formed in the left side wall of the air separation chamber 12 from top to bottom, a plurality of air separation chamber air outlets 12b are formed in the right side wall of the air separation chamber 12 from top to bottom, and each air separation chamber air outlet 12b is higher than the opposite air separation chamber air inlet 12 a; the upper edge and the lower edge of the air inlet 12a of each air separation chamber are respectively connected with an upper left inclined plate 13 and a lower left inclined plate 14 which incline rightwards and downwards and are parallel to each other, the upper edge of the air outlet 12b of each air separation chamber is respectively connected with a right inclined plate 15 which inclines leftwards and downwards, the lower edge of each right inclined plate 15 points to the upper part of the left inclined plate, and the bottom of the air separation chamber 12 is provided with an air separation discharge hole 12 c; an air extracting chamber 19 covering the air outlet 12b of each air extracting chamber is arranged at the right side of the air extracting chamber 12, and an air extracting shell opening 20 is connected to the top of the air extracting chamber 19.

The content of peel and shell in the kernels discharged from the kernel-shell separator is about 16%, the kernels are fed into an inlet at the top of an air separation chamber 12 through a rotary blanking valve 11 in an air-closed mode, and the kernels are alternately thrown back and forth between an upper left inclined plate 13 and a right inclined plate 15 in the falling process; meanwhile, fresh air enters the inner cavity of the air separation chamber 12 from the air inlet 12a of each air separation chamber, flows along the space between the upper left inclined plate 13 and the lower left inclined plate 14 towards the right lower part, and forms intersection with the kernels scattered from the upper left inclined plate 13 when blowing off towards the right from the lower edge of the upper left inclined plate 13, and the hulls in the kernels are blown away from the material flow by the air flow and fly upwards towards the right along with the air flow due to lighter weight, fly out from the air outlet 12b of the air separation chamber above, enter the air extraction chamber 19, and are discharged from the air extraction shell outlet 20 at the top of the air extraction chamber 19 under the negative pressure suction of the air extraction chamber 19; the winnowed kernels are scattered on the right inclined plate 15 below, and when scattered from the lower edge of the right inclined plate 15, the winnowed kernels are crossed with the air flow rising below again, and once again, the husks are blown away from the material flow; then the seeds are scattered on the upper left inclined plate 13 of the next stage to be winnowed again, so that the seed kernels are winnowed from top to bottom in multiple stages, and the shell content in the seed kernels can reach below 19 percent.

The front side wall and the rear side wall of the air separation chamber 12 are respectively welded with a left inclined plate adjusting seat 16a, each left inclined plate adjusting seat 16a is respectively screwed with a left inclined plate adjusting screw 16, the upper end of the left inclined plate adjusting screw 16 is abutted against the lower part of the upper left inclined plate 13, the left inclined plate adjusting screw 16 is screwed with a left inclined plate positioning nut 16b and a left inclined plate locking nut 16c, the left inclined plate positioning nut 16b is abutted against the lower end face of the lower left inclined plate 14, and the left inclined plate locking nut 16c is abutted against the lower end face of the left inclined plate adjusting seat 16a. The screwing position of the left swash plate positioning nut 16b to the left swash plate adjusting screw 16 determines the distance between the lower left swash plate 14 and the upper left swash plate 13, and normally the lower left swash plate 14 and the upper left swash plate 13 are held in parallel with each other. The screwing position of the left inclined plate locking nut 16c determines the inclination angles of the upper left inclined plate 13 and the lower left inclined plate 14, and the downward sliding speed and the throwing state of the seed kernels are changed, so that the winnowing effect is improved.

The length of the lower left swash plate 14 is greater than that of the upper left swash plate 13. In the process of each stage of air separation, when the seeds are scattered from the lower edge of the upper left inclined plate 13, the seeds are subjected to the strongest first blowing of the air flow between the upper left inclined plate 13 and the lower left inclined plate 14; the seeds scattered from the upper left inclined plate 13 are scattered on the lower left inclined plate 14 to form secondary scattering, and are subjected to secondary blowing by the air flow below; when the air is scattered from the lower edge of the lower right inclined plate 15, the air is subjected to third blowing of lower air flow; therefore, the husk is blown three times by each stage of winnowing, and the separation effect is higher.

An air inlet adjusting plate 18 capable of moving up and down is respectively sleeved at the air inlet 12a of each air separation chamber, a plurality of air inlet adjusting knobs 18a are respectively arranged along the length direction of the air inlet adjusting plate 18, the screw rod of each air inlet adjusting knob 18a is screwed on the left side wall of the air separation chamber 12, a plurality of air inlet adjusting plate vertical grooves are formed in the air inlet adjusting plate 18, and the screw rod of each air inlet adjusting knob 18a is positioned in the corresponding air inlet adjusting plate vertical groove. The air inlet adjusting knob 18a is unscrewed, the L-shaped air inlet adjusting plate 18 can move up and down, when the air inlet adjusting plate 18 moves up and down, the width of the air inlet 12a of the air separation chamber is narrowed, and the air inlet amount is reduced; when the air inlet adjusting plate 18 moves downwards, the width of the air inlet 12a of the air separation chamber is widened, and the air inlet amount is increased; the air inlet adjusting plate vertical groove provides an avoiding space for a screw of the air inlet adjusting knob 18a, and after the air inlet adjusting knob 18a is adjusted properly, the air inlet adjusting plate 18 is fixed by screwing the air inlet adjusting knob 18a.

The front side wall and the rear side wall of the air separation chamber 12 are respectively provided with a right inclined plate adjusting seat 17a, each right inclined plate adjusting seat 17a is respectively screwed with a right inclined plate adjusting screw 17, the upper end of the right inclined plate adjusting screw 17 is abutted against the lower part of the right inclined plate 15, the right inclined plate adjusting screw 17 is screwed with a right inclined plate locking nut 17b, and the right inclined plate locking nut 17b is abutted against the lower end surface of the right inclined plate adjusting seat 17a. The right swash plate adjusting screw 17 is screwed into or unscrewed from the right swash plate adjusting seat 17a, the inclination angle of the right swash plate 15 can be changed, and the right swash plate locking nut 17b is locked below the right swash plate adjusting seat 17a after proper adjustment.

The lower part of the right side wall of the air separation chamber 12 is provided with a plurality of sampling ports 12d, and the sampling ports 12d are uniformly arranged in the width direction of the air separation chamber 12 and are positioned below the air extraction chamber 19. The kernels to be discharged from the air separation discharge port 12c can be sampled from the sampling port 12d, the hull content can be tested, and the uniformity of the shelling in the width direction of the air separation chamber 12 can be judged.

The air draft chamber 19 is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom in the left-right direction. The air outlets 12b of the air separation chambers corresponding to the upper parts are more, and the air quantity is large; the air outlets 12b of the air separation chambers corresponding to the lower parts are less, the air volume is small, and the air extraction chamber 19 with the wide upper part and the narrow lower part is arranged to be beneficial to the uniformity of the air volume of the air outlet 12b of each air separation chamber.

The front and rear sides of the air separation chamber 12 are respectively covered with air separation chamber sight glasses 12e, and the right side wall of the air extraction chamber 19 is provided with an air extraction chamber sight glass 19a. An operator can observe the air separation effect from top to bottom of the inner cavity of the air separation chamber through the air separation chamber sight glass 12e, and basis is provided for adjustment of the air inlet 12a of the air separation chamber and adjustment of the inclination angles of the left inclined plate and the right inclined plate. The extraction chamber view mirror 19a facilitates observation of the state of the separated casing flying upward in the inner chamber of the extraction chamber 19.

The upper part and the lower part of the air separation chamber sight glass 12e are respectively provided with an air separation chamber sight glass handle 12f, and the outer end head of the air separation chamber sight glass handle 12f is provided with a hand wheel convenient to hold. A plurality of quick-pressing rods 12g1 operated by a quick-pressing handle 12g are arranged on a connecting flange of the air separation chamber 12 and the air extraction chamber 19, and the rubber head of each quick-pressing rod 12g1 is pressed on the outer end surface of the air separation chamber view mirror 12e. In the working state, each quick-pressing rod 12g1 is pressed on the outer end surface of the air separation chamber view mirror 12e, and the air separation chamber view mirror 12e is pressed on the side wall frame of the air separation chamber 12. When the view mirror 12e of the air separation chamber needs to be disassembled, the quick pressing rods 12g1 can be quickly separated from the view mirror 12e of the air separation chamber by pulling the quick pressing handles 12g, and then the view mirror 12e of the air separation chamber can be easily carried by the view mirror handle 12f of the air separation chamber.

Three to eight pairs of air inlets 12a and air outlets 12b of the air separation chamber are arranged in the height direction of the air separation chamber. The selection of the air classification stage number of the air classification chamber 12 can be selected according to the hulling state and the yield requirement of the seeds, and the most common air classification stage number is four to six.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a benevolence shell piece-rate system of sunflower seeds, includes decorticator and benevolence shell separating centrifuge, and the discharge gate of decorticator links to each other its characterized in that through the separating centrifuge feed inlet of decorticating ejection of compact elephant trunk and benevolence shell separating centrifuge: the kernel and shell separator is provided with a whole seed outlet, a fine powder outlet, a seed kernel outlet, a top air suction outlet and a tail air suction outlet, the seed kernel outlet is connected with a top feed inlet of the multistage air separator through a seed kernel chute, the bottom of the multistage air separator is provided with an air separation outlet, the right side of the top of the multistage air separator is provided with an air separation shell opening, and the top air suction outlet, the tail air suction outlet and the air separation shell opening are respectively connected with an air suction pipe; the kernel and shell separator comprises a fixed frame, a sieve boat is suspended in an inner cavity of the fixed frame through a suspension mechanism, a separator feeding box is arranged at the upper part of the left end of the fixed frame, and an outlet at the bottom of the separator feeding box is aligned with an inlet at the top of the left end of the sieve boat; an upper layer sieve, a lower layer sieve and a bottom layer slide carriage are sequentially arranged in the inner cavity of the sieve boat from top to bottom, wherein the left part is higher than the right part, and the right part is lower than the right part; the upper part of the right end of the fixed frame is provided with a top air suction assembly, a top air suction outlet is positioned at the upper end of the top air suction assembly, and the lower end of the top air suction assembly is positioned above the screen mesh of the upper-layer screen; the right end of the upper layer screen is provided with an upper layer screen chute, and the whole seed outlet is positioned at the front side or the rear side of the fixed frame and is butted with the upper layer screen chute; the right end of the lower-layer sieve is connected with a lower-layer sieve slide carriage extending to the lower right, the right end of the lower-layer sieve slide carriage extends into the tail separation box, the seed kernel discharge port is the bottom of the tail separation box, the top of the tail separation box is connected with a tail air suction cover, and a tail air suction outlet is positioned at the upper end of the tail air suction cover; the inner cavity of the tail separation box is provided with a fixed baffle plate extending vertically, the lower part of the fixed baffle plate is provided with a tail feed inlet, a tail slide carriage inclining towards the right lower part is arranged below the lower layer screen slide carriage, and the lower end of the tail slide carriage is connected to the lower edge of the tail feed inlet; the right side of fixed baffle is equipped with along vertical partition and the unsteady baffle that can control the regulation, constitutes the afterbody separating chamber between fixed baffle and the unsteady baffle, the afterbody cover of induced drafting is connected at the top of afterbody separating chamber, the seed benevolence discharge gate is located the lower extreme of afterbody separating chamber.

2. The kernel-hull separation system of sunflower seeds of claim 1, wherein: the suspension mechanism comprises an L-shaped steel frame and suspension rods, the vertical edges of the L-shaped steel frame are fixedly connected to the side wall of the sieve ship, the upper end and the lower end of each suspension rod are respectively connected with a hoisting screw through a cross-shaped coupler, the lower end of each lower hoisting screw is fixed on the transverse edge of the lower part of the L-shaped steel frame, and the upper end of each upper hoisting screw is hinged to the fixed frame; the upper part of each lower hoisting screw is respectively screwed with a round nut, and the bottom of each round nut is pressed on the lower transverse edge of the L-shaped steel frame.

3. The kernel-hull separation system of sunflower seeds of claim 1, wherein: the separation feeding roller is installed at the lower part center of separating centrifuge feeding case, the one end of separation feeding roller is driven by separation feeding gear motor, the separating centrifuge feed inlet is located the top right side of separating centrifuge feeding case, the both sides of separating centrifuge feed inlet are equipped with left baffle of feeding and the right baffle of feeding, the lower extreme of the right baffle of feeding is close to the circumference of separation feeding roller, be equipped with the feeding regulating plate between the circumference of the left baffle of feeding and separation feeding roller, the lower part of feeding regulating plate articulates there is basket of flowers bolt, basket of flowers bolt's upper end articulates on the circumference of feeding regulating wheel, the feeding regulating wheel is fixed on the feeding regulating shaft, the outer end of feeding regulating shaft is connected with feeding adjustment spanner, feeding adjustment spanner's middle section has connect soon spanner locking.

4. The kernel-hull separation system of sunflower seeds of claim 1, wherein: the floating partition board comprises a plurality of sections which are sequentially hinged by long-row hinges from top to bottom, the topmost section is a fixed section and is fixedly connected with the top of the tail separation box, the upper part and the lower part of the floating section are respectively connected with a floating plate adjusting block extending towards the right, the right ends of the two floating plate adjusting blocks are respectively hinged with a floating plate adjusting swing rod, the fixed ends of the floating plate adjusting swing rods are respectively fixedly connected with floating plate adjusting shafts, the outer end heads of the two floating plate adjusting shafts are respectively fixed with a floating plate adjusting wrench, the free ends of the floating plate adjusting wrenches are respectively provided with wrench waist-shaped grooves extending along the axis, shifting pins are respectively embedded in the two wrench waist-shaped grooves, the roots of the two shifting pins are respectively connected with floating plate adjusting nuts, the two floating plate adjusting nuts are respectively screwed on floating plate adjusting screw rods, and the two ends of the two floating plate adjusting screw rods are, the middle sections of the two U-shaped support plates are respectively fixed on the side wall of the tail separation box, and floating plate adjusting hand wheels are respectively installed at the rear ends of the two floating plate adjusting screw rods.

5. The kernel-hull separation system of sunflower seeds of claim 1, wherein: afterbody feed inlet department installs afterbody feeding adjustment door, and the lower extreme of afterbody feeding adjustment door stretches to the afterbody carriage apron, and the upper end of afterbody feeding adjustment door is fixed on afterbody adjustment door axle, and afterbody feeding adjustment handle is installed to the outer end of afterbody adjustment door axle, and afterbody feeding adjustment handle top spin has connect afterbody feeding locking wheel.

6. The kernel-hull separation system of sunflower seeds of claim 1, wherein: elastic ball screen frames are respectively arranged below the upper-layer screen and the lower-layer screen, a plurality of circular wear-resistant chains are arranged in the width direction of the bottom-layer slide carriage, and the upper ends of the circular wear-resistant chains are hung at the upper end of the bottom-layer slide carriage.

7. The kernel-hull separation system of sunflower seeds of claim 1, wherein: the top subassembly of induced drafting includes a plurality of tops cover of induced drafting of arranging along screen cloth width direction, each top cover of induced drafting is fixed on common top crossbearer of induced drafting, the both ends are equipped with the lift adjusting nut respectively around the crossbearer of induced drafting in the top, the lift adjusting nut connects on the lift adjusting screw respectively soon, the top of lift adjusting screw supports the top at the fixed vertical frame of induced drafting through the bearing respectively, the lower extreme of lift adjusting screw is fixed in the worm wheel hole of worm gear case, the worm axle of two worm gear cases passes through connecting rod interconnect, the lift adjusting hand wheel is installed respectively to the outer end of two worm axles, fixed vertical frame and the top at the fixed frame of induced drafting are installed to worm gear case.

8. The kernel-hull separation system of sunflower seeds of claim 7 wherein: the worm and gear box is fixed in the middle of the bottom edge of the air suction fixed vertical frame, a vertical frame bottom edge waist-shaped groove extending along the left-right direction is formed in the bottom edge of the air suction fixed vertical frame, a bolt penetrates through the vertical frame bottom edge waist-shaped groove to fix the air suction fixed vertical frame on the fixed frame, the fixed frames below the two air suction fixed vertical frames are respectively provided with a graduated scale, and pointers pointing to the graduated scale are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the bottom edges of the two air suction fixed vertical frames.

9. The kernel-hull separation system of sunflower seeds of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the multistage air separator comprises air separation chambers extending vertically, rotary blanking valves are mounted at inlets at the tops of the air separation chambers, a plurality of air inlet openings of the air separation chambers are formed in the left side walls of the air separation chambers from top to bottom, a plurality of air outlet openings of the air separation chambers are formed in the right side walls of the air separation chambers from top to bottom, and the air outlet openings of the air separation chambers are higher than the air inlet openings of the opposite air separation chambers; the upper edge and the lower edge of the air inlet of each air separation chamber are respectively connected with an upper left inclined plate and a lower left inclined plate which incline rightwards and downwards and are parallel to each other, the upper edge of the air outlet of each air separation chamber is respectively connected with a right inclined plate which inclines leftwards and downwards, the lower edge of each right inclined plate points to the upper part of the left inclined plate, and the air separation discharge hole is positioned at the bottom of the air separation chamber; an air extracting chamber covering the air outlets of the air separating chambers is arranged on the right side of the air separating chamber, and an air separating shell opening is connected to the top of the air extracting chamber.

10. The kernel-hull separation system of sunflower seeds of claim 9 wherein: the front side wall and the rear side wall of the air separation chamber are respectively welded with a left inclined plate adjusting seat, a left inclined plate adjusting screw is respectively screwed in each left inclined plate adjusting seat, the upper end of each left inclined plate adjusting screw abuts against the lower part of the upper left inclined plate, a left inclined plate positioning nut and a left inclined plate locking nut are screwed on the left inclined plate adjusting screw, the left inclined plate positioning nut abuts against the lower end face of the lower left inclined plate, and the left inclined plate locking nut abuts against the lower end face of the left inclined plate adjusting seat; the length of the lower left sloping plate is greater than that of the upper left sloping plate.

11. The kernel-hull separation system of sunflower seeds of claim 10 wherein: air inlet adjusting plates capable of moving up and down are respectively sleeved at air inlets of the air separation chambers, a plurality of air inlet adjusting knobs are respectively arranged along the length direction of the air inlet adjusting plates, screw rods of the air inlet adjusting knobs are screwed on the left side wall of the air separation chambers, a plurality of air inlet adjusting plate vertical grooves are formed in the air inlet adjusting plates, and the screw rods of the air inlet adjusting knobs are positioned in the corresponding air inlet adjusting plate vertical grooves.

12. The kernel-hull separation system of sunflower seeds of claim 11 wherein: be equipped with right swash plate on the lateral wall respectively around the air classification room and adjust the seat, have connect right swash plate adjusting screw in each right swash plate adjusting seat respectively soon, and right swash plate adjusting screw's upper end is supported and is leaned on the below at right swash plate, and right swash plate adjusting screw has connect right swash plate lock nut on the top, and right swash plate lock nut supports and leans on the lower terminal surface at right swash plate adjusting seat.