CN110975804A - Zinc ion adsorbent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Zinc ion adsorbent and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110975804A
CN110975804A CN201911150092.0A CN201911150092A CN110975804A CN 110975804 A CN110975804 A CN 110975804A CN 201911150092 A CN201911150092 A CN 201911150092A CN 110975804 A CN110975804 A CN 110975804A
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adsorbent
zinc ion
initial
ion adsorbent
nitric acid
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余谟鑫
余健星
沈良军
施伟
席雪涛
吴廷楷
吴玉成
王晓婷
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Anhui University of Technology AHUT
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28054Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J20/28057Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/40Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/48Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
    • B01J2220/4812Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of organic character
    • B01J2220/4825Polysaccharides or cellulose materials, e.g. starch, chitin, sawdust, wood, straw, cotton
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds

Abstract

The invention discloses a zinc ion adsorbent and a preparation method thereof, crushing walnut green seedcase and drying; pulverizing dried walnut peel and ammonium oxalate, and mixing; putting the mixed sample into a tube furnace; heating and carbonizing; grinding the initial adsorbent; dipping in a potassium hydroxide solution; putting the dipped sample into a tube furnace; setting a temperature-raising program and heating for activation; grinding again; modifying with nitric acid; washed with distilled water and dried. The zinc ion adsorbent prepared by the method has a certain pore structure, the surface of the zinc ion adsorbent is rich in O element and N element, the adsorption effect on zinc ions in wastewater is excellent, the maximum adsorption capacity can reach 146mg/g, and the adsorption capacity is far higher than that of other zinc ion adsorbents.

Description

Zinc ion adsorbent and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wastewater treatment technology for adsorbing zinc ions, in particular to a zinc ion adsorbent and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Metallurgy and electroplating are the major producers of wastewater containing zinc ions, and the electroplating process and the rinsing process in the electroplating industry can generate a large amount of wastewater containing zinc ions. Zinc is a metal element required by human body, and if the zinc element is not contained, the zinc can affect the normal body functions. The standard of the zinc content in the water body is 1ppm, and if the standard is exceeded, the zinc ions in the water body exceed the standard, so that the aquatic organisms are adversely affected. Zinc ions can be continuously enriched and transferred through the food chain, and the more the zinc ions are organisms at the top of the food chain, the greater the harm is, so that the exceeding of the zinc content in the water body inevitably affects the survival of human beings.
In the Chinese patent application: CN108201876A discloses a NaP molecular sieve, when the molecular sieve is used for treating wastewater containing zinc ions, the addition amount of the NaP-M molecular sieve is 0.1-5.0g/L, the concentration of the zinc ions in the wastewater is 50-100ppm, after 0.5-4h of adsorption, the concentration of the zinc ions in the water is reduced to be below 0.1ppm, and the maximum adsorption capacity of the NaP molecular sieve is only 20mg/g through conversion.
In the Chinese patent application: CN104437341A discloses a preparation method of a zinc ion adsorbent, which can adsorb zinc ion-containing wastewater, but the adsorption capacity is still general, and the maximum adsorption capacity of the zinc ion adsorbent is only 69.8 mg/g.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to improve the adsorption capacity to zinc ions, provides a zinc ion adsorbent and a preparation method thereof.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme, and the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing and drying fresh walnut green husks to obtain dry walnut shells;
(2) weighing dry walnut peels and ammonium oxalate with equal mass, crushing and mixing to obtain a mixed sample;
(3) heating and carbonizing the mixed sample under inert gas, wherein the initial temperature is 20-30 ℃, the heating rate is 3-8 ℃/min, the final temperature is 500-530 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5-7 h, and then naturally cooling to obtain an initial adsorbent;
(4) grinding an initial adsorbent, then soaking the initial adsorbent with a potassium hydroxide solution, weighing 1-2 parts of the initial adsorbent by mass, weighing 1-6 parts of potassium hydroxide, putting the initial adsorbent and the potassium hydroxide into a beaker, adding 18-20 parts of distilled water, stirring the mixed solution for 16-18 h, and finally drying the mixed solution at 90-100 ℃ to constant weight;
(5) carrying out secondary heating activation on the initial adsorbent in inert gas, wherein the initial temperature is 20-30 ℃, the heating rate is 3-8 ℃/min, the final temperature is 830-860 ℃, the heat preservation time is 0.8-1.2 h, and then naturally cooling to obtain the activated adsorbent;
(6) modifying the ground activated adsorbent with nitric acid, adding the nitric acid into the activated adsorbent, submerging the activated adsorbent with the nitric acid, controlling the temperature of the nitric acid to be 80-90 ℃, the volume concentration of the nitric acid to be 6-10%, and the modification time of the nitric acid to be 6-8 h to obtain the modified adsorbent;
(7) and washing the modified adsorbent with distilled water to be neutral, and then drying at 85-95 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the zinc ion adsorbent.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (1), the drying temperature is 60 to 70 ℃.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (2), the particle size after pulverization is less than 180 mesh.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (3), the inert gas is nitrogen, and the flow rate is 30 to 40 mL/min.
A zinc ion adsorbent prepared by the preparation method of the zinc ion adsorbent.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the zinc ion adsorbent has a specific surface area of 14.92 to 35.15m2The pore size distribution is 10-150 nm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the zinc ion adsorbent contains a C element, an N element and an O element, wherein the C element content is 67.16 to 74.17%, the N element content is 2.31 to 2.66%, and the O element content is 15.80 to 24.81%.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the functional group containing O element in the zinc ion adsorbent is C ═ O, -OH, and-COOH, wherein the content of C ═ O is 5.54 to 10.09%, -OH is 5.30 to 14.65%, -COOH is 0.05 to 5.01%.
The walnut green seedcase is preferably selected as the raw material, and the walnut green seedcase contains abundant O elements and N elements, so that the surface of the initial adsorbent contains more chemical functional groups. However, the specific surface area of the initial adsorbent was very small, and was only 7.85m 2/g. Therefore, although the initial adsorbent can treat zinc ions in wastewater by chemisorption, the effect of adsorption is limited, and the specific surface area of the initial adsorbent limits the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent.
The method for dipping and activating the pore-forming by the potassium hydroxide solution can effectively improve the specific surface area of the initial adsorbent, firstly, the initial adsorbent is dipped by the potassium hydroxide solution, the dipping time is preferably 18h, the using amount of the potassium hydroxide is preferably twice of the mass of the initial adsorbent, solute in the potassium hydroxide solution is contacted with the initial adsorbent and enters the internal pore channels of the initial adsorbent, then, the dipped initial adsorbent is put into a tubular furnace to be heated, the temperature is preferably 850 ℃, the potassium hydroxide reacts with the initial adsorbent under the condition of 850 ℃, the pore-forming effect is generated, the pore channel structure of the initial adsorbent is increased, and therefore, the specific surface area of the initial adsorbent is increased.
The nitric acid oxidation process further increases the functional group content, particularly oxygen-containing functional groups, of the adsorbent surface. The molecular kinetic size of zinc ions is small, and is documented to be only 0.139 nm. During physical adsorption, the effect is better when the diameter of the pore passage of the adsorbent is 2-10 times of the diameter of the adsorbate. Generally, the pore diameter of the porous carbon material is distributed between 1 nm and 200nm, so that the proportion of pore channels having an adsorption effect on zinc ions is very small, and the adsorption effect of the porous carbon material on the zinc ions is poor. The content of the functional groups on the surface of the adsorbent, particularly the content of the oxygen-containing functional groups, can be increased by nitric acid oxidation. Therefore, the zinc ion adsorbent provided by the invention is mainly used for efficiently removing zinc ions in a water body in a chemical adsorption mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the zinc ion adsorbent developed by the invention has a certain specific surface area, the surface of the zinc ion adsorbent is rich in O element and N element, the chemical function containing the O element and the functional group containing the N element adsorb zinc ions in wastewater through the chemical bond effect, the adsorption effect is excellent, the maximum adsorption capacity to the zinc ions can reach 146mg/g, and the maximum adsorption capacity is far higher than that of other zinc ion adsorbents.
The raw material selected by the invention contains more O elements and N elements, and provides excellent precondition for chemical adsorption.
The pore-forming method is used for carrying out pore-forming on the initial adsorbent by a potassium hydroxide solution impregnation activation pore-forming method, so that the specific surface area of the initial adsorbent can be increased, and the defect of small specific surface area of the initial adsorbent is overcome.
The surface functional group modification is carried out on the adsorbent by a nitric acid oxidation method, so that the content of the functional group of the adsorbent is improved, and the chemical adsorption performance of the adsorbent is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of the zinc ion adsorbent of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the nitrogen adsorption and desorption curves of the zinc ion adsorbent of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of pore size distribution for a zinc ion adsorbent of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an XPS analysis of a zinc ion adsorbent according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a Ols orbital analysis of the HTC12 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the adsorption isotherm of the zinc ion adsorbent of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the preparation method of the zinc ion adsorbent of the embodiment includes the following steps:
(1) crushing fresh walnut green husks by using a crusher, and drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ to constant weight to obtain dry walnut shells.
(2) Weighing dry walnut skin and ammonium oxalate with equal mass, putting the dry walnut skin and the ammonium oxalate into a grinder to be ground and mixed, wherein the ground granularity is less than 180 meshes to obtain a mixed sample;
(3) putting the mixed sample into a corundum boat, putting the corundum boat into a tube furnace, and introducing inert gas, wherein the inert gas is preferably nitrogen, and the flow rate of the nitrogen is preferably 40 mL/min;
(4) setting a temperature rise program: the initial temperature is 20 ℃, the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the final temperature is 530 ℃, the heat preservation time is 6h, the raw materials are heated and carbonized, and then the raw materials are naturally cooled to obtain an initial adsorbent;
(5) grinding the initial adsorbent obtained in S4 to a particle size of less than 80 meshes;
(6) and impregnating the ground initial adsorbent with a potassium hydroxide solution: weighing 1 part of initial adsorbent according to the mass part, weighing 2 parts of potassium hydroxide, putting the initial adsorbent and the potassium hydroxide into a beaker, adding 18 parts of distilled water, stirring the mixed solution for 18 hours by using a magnetic stirrer, and finally drying in a drying oven at 90 ℃ to constant weight;
(7) putting the initial impregnated activated carbon into a corundum boat, putting the corundum boat into a tube furnace, and introducing inert gas, wherein the inert gas is preferably nitrogen, and the flow rate of the nitrogen is preferably 40 mL/min;
(8) setting a temperature rise program: the initial temperature is 20 ℃, the heating rate is 3 ℃/min, the final temperature is 850 ℃, the heat preservation time is 0.8-1.2 h, then the natural cooling is carried out, the potassium hydroxide activation is carried out, and the natural cooling is carried out after the activation is finished, so as to obtain the activated adsorbent;
(9) grinding the obtained activated adsorbent to a particle size of less than 80 meshes;
(10) adding the ground activated adsorbent into a beaker, adding nitric acid, submerging the activated adsorbent by the nitric acid, controlling the temperature of the nitric acid to be 90 ℃, the concentration of the nitric acid to be 6.5 percent, and the modification time of the nitric acid to be 6 hours to obtain the modified adsorbent;
(11) washing the modified adsorbent with distilled water to neutrality, and drying in a drying oven at 90 deg.c to obtain the zinc ion adsorbent.
Example 2
In this example, the mass part of potassium hydroxide in step (6) was changed from 2 parts to 1 part, and the other embodiments were the same as in example 1.
Example 3
In this example, the mass parts of potassium hydroxide in step (6) were changed from 2 parts to 3 parts, and the other embodiments were the same as in example 1.
The analysis process comprises the following steps:
1. nitrogen adsorption and desorption test
Performing a nitrogen adsorption and desorption test on the zinc ion adsorbent and the initial adsorbent prepared in the above examples 1 to 3 to obtain a nitrogen adsorption and desorption curve chart of the zinc ion adsorbent, which is shown in fig. 2; the pore size distribution diagram of the zinc ion adsorbent can be obtained, and is shown in figure 3; the specific surface area of the zinc ion adsorbent can be obtained as shown in table 1.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the absorption and desorption curves of the series of zinc ion adsorbents have hysteresis loops, and the absorption and desorption curves reflect that the series of zinc ion adsorbents mainly have mesoporous structures.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the range of the pore size distribution curve of the series of zinc ion adsorbents is mainly concentrated in the range of 10 to 150nm, and thus the series of zinc ion adsorbents mainly contain mesopores and macropores.
TABLE 1 Table of specific surface area of adsorbent for each example
Samples HTC13 HTC12 HTC11 HTX
SBET(m2/g) 35.15 29.74 14.92 7.85
Wherein HTX represents the initial adsorbent, HTC12Denotes the sorbent during impregnation: the initial mass fraction of the activated carbon is 1 part, the mass fraction of the potassium hydroxide is 2 parts, and the naming modes of the other two adsorbents are the same.
As can be seen from table 1, the specific surface area of the initial adsorbent HTX is the smallest, and the specific surface area of the prepared adsorbent tends to increase with the increase of the amount of potassium hydroxide added during the impregnation process, indicating that potassium hydroxide does have the function of activating pore-forming.
2. XPS analysis
XPS analysis is carried out on the zinc ion adsorbent in the embodiment 1-3 to obtain an XPS analysis spectrum of the zinc ion adsorbent, which is shown in figure 4; available HTC12The Ols orbital analysis chart, see fig. 5; the surface element content of the available zinc ion adsorbent is shown in table 2.
As can be seen from fig. 4, the series of zinc ion adsorbents contain a large amount of C and O elements, and a small amount of N elements and other trace elements.
As can be seen from FIG. 5, HTC12The O element(s) of (a) is present mainly in the form of C ═ O and — OH, and a small amount is present in the form of COOH.
TABLE 2 surface element content of Zinc ion adsorbent in examples
Figure BDA0002283297790000051
As shown in Table 2, the zinc ion adsorbents of the series have the contents of 67.16-74.17% of C, 15.80-24.81% of O and 2.31-2.66% of N, wherein the contents of C, O, OH, COOH and COOH are 5.54-6.45%, 5.30-14.65% and 0.05-5.01%.
HTC12Has the lowest content of C element, the highest content of O element and N element, and the highest content of C ═ O and-OH, so that HTC is obtained12Is most abundant in chemical functional group content.
THX has the highest C content, the lowest O and N contents, and the lowest C ═ O and — OH contents, and thus HTC12With a minimum content of chemical functional groups.
3. Adsorption test of wastewater containing zinc ions
The metal ion adsorbent in the above examples 1 to 3 was subjected to an adsorption test of zinc ion-containing wastewater, and the specific steps were as follows: preparing zinc ion solutions with the concentration of 50ppm, 100ppm, 200ppm, 300ppm and 400ppm respectively, wherein the volume of each zinc ion solution is 50ml, and adding HTC with the same mass into five zinc ion solutions with different concentrations respectively11,HTC11The mass of (2) was 0.05g, and after the adsorption was equilibrated, 15ml of the equilibrated solution was aspirated by a pipette gun, and the concentration of the equilibrated solution was measured by ICP.
In the same way, the HTC11Respectively replaced by HTC12And HTC13And others are unchanged.
HTC is respectively made according to the initial concentration, the equilibrium concentration and the dosage of the adsorbent11、HTC12And HTC13See fig. 6.
As can be seen in FIG. 6, the HTC11、HTC12And HTC13The equilibrium adsorption amount of (A) increases with increasing equilibrium concentration and the maximum equilibrium adsorption amount is larger, wherein HTC12OfThe adsorption capacity is the largest and can reach 146 mg/g.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The preparation method of the zinc ion adsorbent is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) crushing and drying fresh walnut green husks to obtain dry walnut shells;
(2) weighing dry walnut peels and ammonium oxalate with equal mass, crushing and mixing to obtain a mixed sample;
(3) heating and carbonizing the mixed sample under inert gas, wherein the initial temperature is 20-30 ℃, the heating rate is 3-8 ℃/min, the final temperature is 500-530 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5-7 h, and then naturally cooling to obtain an initial adsorbent;
(4) grinding an initial adsorbent, then soaking the initial adsorbent with a potassium hydroxide solution, weighing 1-2 parts of the initial adsorbent by mass, weighing 1-6 parts of potassium hydroxide, putting the initial adsorbent and the potassium hydroxide into a beaker, adding 18-20 parts of distilled water, stirring the mixed solution for 16-18 h, and finally drying the mixed solution at 90-100 ℃ to constant weight;
(5) carrying out secondary heating activation on the initial adsorbent in inert gas, wherein the initial temperature is 20-30 ℃, the heating rate is 3-8 ℃/min, the final temperature is 830-860 ℃, the heat preservation time is 0.8-1.2 h, and then naturally cooling to obtain the activated adsorbent;
(6) modifying the ground activated adsorbent with nitric acid, adding the nitric acid into the activated adsorbent, submerging the activated adsorbent with the nitric acid, controlling the temperature of the nitric acid to be 80-90 ℃, the volume concentration of the nitric acid to be 6-10%, and the modification time of the nitric acid to be 6-8 h to obtain the modified adsorbent;
(7) and washing the modified adsorbent with distilled water to be neutral, and then drying at 85-95 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the zinc ion adsorbent.
2. The method for preparing the zinc ion adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the drying temperature is 60-70 ℃.
3. The method for preparing a zinc ion adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the particle size after pulverization is less than 180 meshes.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the inert gas is nitrogen, and the flow rate is 30-40 mL/min.
5. A zinc ion adsorbent produced by the method for producing a zinc ion adsorbent according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. The zinc ion adsorbent according to claim 5, wherein the specific surface area of the zinc ion adsorbent is 14.92 to 35.15m2The pore size distribution is 10-150 nm.
7. The zinc ion adsorbent according to claim 5, wherein the zinc ion adsorbent contains C element, N element and O element, wherein the content of C element is 67.16-74.17%, the content of N element is 2.31-2.66%, and the content of O element is 15.80-24.81%.
8. The zinc ion adsorbent according to claim 5, wherein the functional group containing O element in the zinc ion adsorbent is C ═ O, -OH and-COOH, wherein C ═ O content is 5.54 to 10.09%, -OH content is 5.30 to 14.65%, -COOH content is 0.05 to 5.01%.
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Application publication date: 20200410