CN110974811B - 一种米索前列醇阴道膜剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种米索前列醇阴道膜剂,由米索前列醇羟丙甲基纤维素分散体和成膜材料制备而成。成膜材料包括天然高分子物质和/或合成高分子材料;天然高分子物质为淀粉、糊精、纤维素、明胶、阿拉伯胶,琼脂,海藻酸或白芨多糖;合成高分子材料为聚乙烯醇类化合物、丙烯酸类共聚物或纤维素衍生物。制法为:将成膜材料用水分别溶解后,加入米索前列醇羟丙甲基纤维素分散体混匀,离心脱除气泡,涂敷成膜后,反复冻融交联,干燥后即得。本发明的米索前列醇阴道膜剂具有良好软化宫颈,促子宫收缩的作用。该制剂局部用药,患者依从度好,成本较低,具有显著优势。本品使用安全、有效、方便,药物稳定性良好;本发明的制法简单易行。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于制药工程技术领域,具体涉及一种患者依从度好,生产工艺简单,成本较低的米索前列醇阴道膜剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
妊娠晚期引产是在自然临产前通过药物等手段发动产程,促使孕妇分娩。主要目的是使胎儿及早脱离不良的宫内环境,解除与缓解孕妇合并症或并发症。据报道,英国引产率为同期分娩总数的17%~21%,美国和加拿大引产率为20%左右。妊娠晚期引产是产科处理高危妊娠最常用的手段之一,引产是否成功主要取决于宫颈成熟程度。
药物促宫颈成熟法包括应用缩宫素、前列腺素制剂、米非司酮、雌激素等。
缩宫素适用于宫颈条件成熟者,宫颈条件不成熟者用此方法引产效果差。缩宫素的使用无标准剂量、安全剂量和危险剂量,只能按生物测定原则,以子宫收缩反应来定。
促宫颈成熟药物主要是前列腺素制剂(Prostaglandins,PG)。PG促宫颈成熟的主要机制,一是通过改变宫颈细胞外基质成分,软化宫颈,如激活胶原酶,使胶原纤维溶解和基质增加;二是影响宫颈和子宫平滑肌,使宫体平滑肌收缩,牵拉宫颈,宫颈平滑肌松弛,宫颈扩张;三是促进子宫平滑肌细胞间缝隙连接的形成。
目前临床使用的前列腺素制剂有:(1)前列腺素E1(PGE1)类制剂,常用的为米索前列醇;(2)前列腺素E2(PEG2)类制剂, 外源性前列腺素E2有松弛宫颈平滑肌作用,利于宫颈扩张,并能诱发宫缩,以达到引产的目的,是目前最有效的促宫颈成熟和引产药物。对各期子宫均有收缩作用,尤其对妊娠晚期子宫,常用的为控释地诺前列酮栓。
控释地诺前列酮栓含有10mg地诺前列酮,该药以0.3mg/h的速度持久稳定释放,具有独特的回复装置(终止带),具有易操作、可复性强等优点,但其价格昂贵且需-20℃保存。
米索前列醇为合成的前列腺素E1类似物,既保留了PGE1原有的活性,又克服了天然PGEl的许多缺点,如性能不稳定、需低温保存、胃肠道反应大、价格昂贵、不能口服等。
2009年,美国妇产科学院(ACOG)引产指南建议,将25μg作为促宫颈成熟和诱导分娩的米索前列醇初始剂量,频率不宜超过每3-6h给药1次。
中华医学会妇产科学分会产科学组在2008年制定了米索前列醇在妊娠晚期促宫颈成熟的使用规范:(1)用于妊娠晚期未破膜而宫颈不成熟的孕妇,是一种安全有效的引产方法;(2)每次阴道放药剂量为25μg,放药时不要将药物压成碎片。如6h后仍无宫缩,在重复使用米索前列醇前应作阴道检查,重新评价宫颈成熟度,了解原放置的药物是否溶化、吸收,如未溶化和吸收者则不宜再放。每日总量不超过50μg,以免药物吸收过多;(3)如需加用缩宫素,应该在最后一次放置米索前列醇后4h以上,并阴道检查证实药物已经吸收才可加用;(4)使用米索前列醇者应在产房观察,监测宫缩和胎心率,一旦出现宫缩过强或过频,应立即进行阴道检查,并取出残留药物。
米索前列醇用于足月引产时每次阴道给药剂量为25µg,目前市场上暂无规格为25µg的米索前列醇阴道用制剂,临床多采用米索前列醇片(200µg)进行分剂量使用。在分辨的过程中,无法保证药物等额均分,易造成用药剂量不准确,引起强直性宫缩或无法达到引产的效果。
公开号为CN102697746的专利申请公开了一种快速融变的米索前列醇阴道用组合物及其制备方法和应用,提供了一种有米索前列醇和辅料组成。包括以淀粉、乳糖、微晶纤维素填充剂,交联羧甲基纤维素钠、羟甲基淀粉钠为崩解剂,以二氧化硅,滑石粉为润滑剂等。但该专利辅料的选择均不适用于阴道环境,不能保证用药的安全性。
目前仍需要一种患者依从度好,临床使用方便,剂量准确,安全可靠的规格为25μg的米索前列醇阴道用制剂用于妊娠晚期引产。
发明内容
本发明的目的就在于提供一种患者依从性好,临床使用方便,剂量准确,安全可靠的规格为25μg的米索前列醇阴道用制剂,以克服现有米索前列醇片(200µg)进行分剂量使用时由于易造成用药剂量不准确,引起强直性宫缩或无法达到引产的效果。
为解决上述问题,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种米索前列醇阴道膜剂,所述米索前列醇阴道膜剂由米索前列醇羟丙甲基纤维素分散体和成膜材料制备而成。
作为优选,所述成膜材料包括天然高分子物质和/或合成高分子材料;所述天然高分子物质为淀粉、糊精、纤维素、明胶、阿拉伯胶,琼脂,海藻酸或白芨多糖;所述合成高分子材料为聚乙烯醇类化合物、丙烯酸类共聚物或纤维素衍生物。
本发明的米索前列醇阴道膜剂属于药剂学中的膜剂。
成膜材料是药物的载体,可用作成膜材料的物质有天然高分子物质,如淀粉、糊精、纤维素、明胶、阿拉伯胶,琼脂,海藻酸,白芨多糖等;合成高分子材料,聚乙烯醇类化合物、丙烯酸类共聚物、纤维素衍生物。合成高分子材料成膜性能良好,成膜后的强度和韧性均能满足膜剂成型与应用要求,其中,聚乙烯醇(PVA)的成膜性能及膜的抗拉强度、柔韧性、吸湿性和水溶性最佳。白芨多糖为中药白芨中提取的一种水溶性多糖,具有止血、收敛、消肿生肌、抗菌等作用;是安全、性能卓越的药用辅料,具有局部滞留性、自身降解性、无刺激性以及无毒副作用等特点。
作为优选,所述成膜材料为白芨多糖和聚乙烯醇类化合物;或
所述成膜材料为聚乙烯醇类化合物。
作为优选,所述聚乙烯醇类化合物为聚乙烯醇-124、PVA05-88、PVA17-88中的一种或两种。
作为优选,所述米索前列醇羟丙甲基纤维素分散体和成膜材料的重量比为:2.5g:25-75g。
上述米索前列醇阴道膜剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将成膜材料用水分别溶解后,加入米索前列醇羟丙甲基纤维素分散体混匀,离心脱除气泡,涂敷成膜后,反复冻融交联,干燥后即得。
作为优选,所述反复冻融交联的具体方法为:将膜置于-20℃冷冻2-3小时后,取出于4℃冷藏解冻1-2小时,反复1-3次。
作为进一步优选,所述反复冻融交联的具体方法为:将膜置于-20℃冷冻2小时后,取出于4℃冷藏解冻1小时,反复1-3次;或
将膜置于-20℃冷冻3小时后,取出于4℃冷藏解冻1小时,反复1-2次。
经过反复冻融后形成物理交联点可提高膜剂的柔韧性。
作为优选,所述将成膜材料用水分别溶解具体为:
将成膜材料浸泡0-24h,在20-100℃水浴中溶解;
作为进一步优选,将聚乙烯醇类化合物浸泡24h,在75℃水浴中溶解。
作为优选,每制备1000张膜剂用2.5g的米索前列醇羟丙甲基纤维素分散体。
作为优选,所述干燥的时间为0.5-12h;和/或
所述干燥后,还包括分切的步骤,分切后,每张膜剂中米索前列醇含量为25μg。
本发明的米索前列醇阴道膜剂具有良好软化宫颈,促子宫收缩的作用。该制剂局部用药,患者依从度好,成本较低,具有显著优势。本品使用安全、有效、方便,药物稳定性良好;本发明的制法简单易行。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中:
图1为对比实施例1-3和实施例1-5的溶出曲线。
具体实施方式
根据下述实施例,可以更好地理解本发明。实施例所描述的内容仅用于说明本发明,而不应当也不会限制权利书要求书中所详细描述的本发明。
本发明中所使用的米索前列醇为米索前列醇羟丙甲基纤维素分散体(文中也称:米索前列醇-羟丙甲基纤维素),其中含有重量百分比为1%的米索前列醇。
对比实施例1
一种米索前列醇阴道膜剂的制备方法,具体如下:
聚乙烯醇-124 17g,于170ml蒸馏水中,浸泡24h,在75℃水浴中溶解;白芨多糖8g,于30ml蒸馏水中充分溶胀,60℃水浴搅拌溶解;
取米索前列醇-羟丙甲基纤维素2.5g,与上述溶液混合,搅拌均匀;
1500r/min离心20min,静置2小时,脱除气泡,涂敷于玻璃板上,用另一玻璃板压制成膜,干燥,分切,即制得米索前列醇阴道膜剂1000张,即可包装。
对比实施例2
一种米索前列醇阴道膜剂的制备方法,具体如下:
取PVA05-88 75g于750ml蒸馏水中,浸泡24h,在75℃水浴中溶解;
取米索前列醇-羟丙甲基纤维素2.5g,与上述溶液混合,搅拌均匀;
制备具体操作步骤同对比实施例1。
对比实施例3
一种米索前列醇阴道膜剂的制备方法,具体如下:
取PVA05-88 37g、PVA-124 26g于650ml蒸馏水中,浸泡24h,在75℃水浴中溶解;
取米索前列醇-羟丙甲基纤维素2.5g,与上述溶液混合,搅拌均匀;
1500 r/min离心20min,静置2小时,脱除气泡,涂敷于玻璃板上,用另一玻璃板压制成膜。将膜置于-20℃冷冻3小时后,取出于4℃冷藏解冻2小时,反复3次,干燥,分切,分切,即制得米索前列醇阴道膜剂1000张,即可包装。
实施例1
一种米索前列醇阴道膜剂的制备方法,具体如下:
PVA-124 20g,于200ml蒸馏水中,浸泡24h,在75℃水浴中溶解;白芨多糖5g,于20ml蒸馏水中充分溶胀,60℃水浴搅拌溶解;
取米索前列醇-羟丙甲基纤维素2.5g,与上述溶液混合,搅拌均匀;
1500 r/min离心20min,静置2小时,脱除气泡,涂敷于玻璃板上,用另一玻璃板压制成膜。将膜置于-20℃冷冻2小时后,取出于4℃冷藏解冻1小时,反复3次,干燥,分切,分切,即制得米索前列醇阴道膜剂1000张,即可包装。
实施例2
一种米索前列醇阴道膜剂的制备方法,具体如下:
聚乙烯醇-124 17g,于170ml蒸馏水中,浸泡24h,在75℃水浴中溶解;白芨多糖8g,于30ml蒸馏水中充分溶胀,60℃水浴搅拌溶解;
取米索前列醇-羟丙甲基纤维素2.5g,与上述溶液混合,搅拌均匀;
1500r/min离心20min,静置2小时,脱除气泡,涂敷于玻璃板上,用另一玻璃板压制成膜。将膜置于-20℃冷冻3小时后,取出于4℃冷藏解冻1小时,反复2次,干燥,分切,即制得米索前列醇阴道膜剂1000张,即可包装。
实施例3
一种米索前列醇阴道膜剂的制备方法,具体如下:
取PVA05-88 37.5g、PVA17-88 37.5g于750ml蒸馏水中,浸泡24h,在75℃水浴中溶解;
取米索前列醇-羟丙甲基纤维素2.5g,与上述溶液混合,搅拌均匀;
1500 r/min离心20min,静置2小时,脱除气泡,涂敷于玻璃板上,用另一玻璃板压制成膜。将膜置于-20℃冷冻2小时后,取出于4℃冷藏解冻1小时,反复3次,干燥,分切,即制得米索前列醇阴道膜剂1000张,即可包装。
实施例4
一种米索前列醇阴道膜剂的制备方法,具体如下:
取PVA05-88 52.5g、PVA17-88 22.5g于750ml蒸馏水中,浸泡24h,在75℃水浴中溶解;
取米索前列醇-羟丙甲基纤维素2.5g,与上述溶液混合,搅拌均匀;
1500 r/min离心20min,静置2小时,脱除气泡,涂敷于玻璃板上,用另一玻璃板压制成膜。将膜置于-20℃冷冻2小时后,取出于4℃冷藏解冻1小时,干燥,分切,即制得米索前列醇阴道膜剂1000张,即可包装。
实施例5
一种米索前列醇阴道膜剂的制备方法,具体如下:
取PVA05-88 37g、PVA-124 26g于650ml蒸馏水中,浸泡24h,在75℃水浴中溶解;
取米索前列醇-羟丙甲基纤维素2.5g,与上述溶液混合,搅拌均匀;
1500 r/min离心20min,静置2小时,脱除气泡,涂敷于玻璃板上,用另一玻璃板压制成膜。将膜置于-20℃冷冻2小时后,取出于4℃冷藏解冻1小时,反复3次,干燥,分切,即制得米索前列醇阴道膜剂1000张,即可包装。
含量均匀度的测定方法:
按照中国药典(2015版)通则0941含量均匀度检查法(A+1.80S≤15)检查膜剂含量均匀度。
溶出度的测定方法:
根据中国药典(2015版)通则0931溶出度与释放度测定法测定溶出度。
测定结果见表1,图1。
表1 对比实施例和实施例含量均匀度
样品 | 含量/% | 含量均匀度(A+1.8S) |
对比实施例1 | 91.2 | 16.10(不合格) |
对比实施例2 | 92.5 | 6.31 |
对比实施例3 | 95.1 | 9.10 |
实施例1 | 96.3 | 6.90 |
实施例2 | 99.2 | 5.20 |
实施例3 | 104.15 | 9.87 |
实施例4 | 95.48 | 8.30 |
实施例5 | 94.78 | 9.26 |
由图1可知,相对于实施例1-5,对比实施例1和2的溶出速度过快,对比实施例3的溶出速度过慢。
对比实施例3与实施例5相比,冷冻时间和解冻时间更长;冷冻时间和解冻时间越长,溶出越慢。
实施例2的冷冻时间为3小时,但冷冻-解冻的循环次数只有2次,循环次数越多,溶出越慢。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种米索前列醇阴道膜剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述米索前列醇阴道膜剂由米索前列醇羟丙甲基纤维素分散体和成膜材料制备而成;所述米索前列醇羟丙甲基纤维素分散体和成膜材料的重量比为:2.5g:25-75g;包括以下步骤:将成膜材料用水分别溶解后,加入米索前列醇羟丙甲基纤维素分散体混匀,离心脱除气泡,涂敷成膜后,反复冻融交联,干燥后即得;
所述成膜材料为白芨多糖和聚乙烯醇类化合物;或
所述成膜材料为聚乙烯醇类化合物;
所述聚乙烯醇类化合物为聚乙烯醇-124、PVA05-88、PVA17-88中的一种或两种;
所述反复冻融交联的具体方法为:将膜置于-20℃冷冻2小时后,取出于4℃冷藏解冻1小时,反复1-3次;或
将膜置于-20℃冷冻3小时后,取出于4℃冷藏解冻1小时,反复1-2次。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述将成膜材料用水分别溶解具体为:将成膜材料浸泡0-24h,在20-100℃水浴中溶解。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述将成膜材料用水分别溶解具体为:将聚乙烯醇类化合物浸泡24h,在75℃水浴中溶解。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:每制备1000张膜剂用2.5g的米索前列醇羟丙甲基纤维素分散体。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述干燥的时间为0.5-12h;和/或
所述干燥后,还包括分切的步骤,分切后,每张膜剂中米索前列醇含量为25μg。
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