CN110971277A - Efficient detection method for joint data mapping generalized spatial modulation - Google Patents

Efficient detection method for joint data mapping generalized spatial modulation Download PDF

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CN110971277A
CN110971277A CN201911021220.1A CN201911021220A CN110971277A CN 110971277 A CN110971277 A CN 110971277A CN 201911021220 A CN201911021220 A CN 201911021220A CN 110971277 A CN110971277 A CN 110971277A
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detection
antenna
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antennas
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吴贇
白恩健
蒋学芹
应海晴
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Donghua University
National Dong Hwa University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621—Feedback content
    • H04B7/0634—Antenna weights or vector/matrix coefficients
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
    • H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
    • H04B7/0848—Joint weighting
    • H04B7/0857—Joint weighting using maximum ratio combining techniques, e.g. signal-to- interference ratio [SIR], received signal strenght indication [RSS]

Abstract

The invention provides a joint compressed sensing high-efficiency detection scheme for joint data mapping generalized spatial modulation. Firstly, a received signal is projected to an antenna space, the characteristic that the number of activated antennas is sparse relative to the number of transmitting antennas is utilized, the position of the activated antennas is detected by utilizing compressed sensing, and a transmitting data constellation point is reconstructed. And judging the validity by using the cyclic difference of the activated antenna combination generated by mapping of the equal probability subcarrier activation mechanism, thereby ensuring the detection validity. And then introducing a threshold value to carry out reliability judgment of detection, if the detection is unreliable, expanding a search range to a subspace related to the position of the detection activated antenna, comparing a detection result with the threshold value, carrying out reliability judgment again, and if the detection is unreliable, carrying out maximum likelihood detection in the residual space. The invention judges the detection reliability through the threshold value, adopts a mode of gradually detecting and approaching the maximum likelihood detection, reduces the calculation complexity of the detection and ensures the detection precision.

Description

Efficient detection method for joint data mapping generalized spatial modulation
Technical Field
The invention relates to an efficient detection scheme for a joint mapping spatial modulation system, and belongs to the technical field of communication.
Background
Spatial Modulation (SM) is a Spatial multiplexing Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technique that can completely avoid inter-channel interference and can increase energy efficiency. SM requires that only one antenna be activated at a time, the remaining antennas remain muted, which causes significant waste of the transmitting antennas. In General Spatial Modulation (GSM), higher spectral efficiency than SM can be achieved by simultaneously activating multiple antennas to transmit information bits each time. In the Joint Data Mapping general spatial modulation (JDM-GSM) that has recently appeared, see patent CN109150275A, a method of Joint Mapping by antenna combination and constellation diagram is adopted, which can break through the limitation that the number of antenna combinations to be modulated must be the power of 2, and make full use of antenna selectivity. Under the same transmission rate, the method reduces the modulation order, thereby effectively reducing the error rate of transmission. But the system adopts the traditional maximum likelihood detection scheme and has higher computational complexity under the condition of high transmission rate.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the complexity of joint data mapping spatial modulation detection is reduced.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an efficient detection method for joint data mapping generalized spatial modulation, wherein the MIMO system includes NtA transmitting antenna and NrA receiving antenna, wherein said efficient detection method comprises the steps of:
step 1, converting received data into an antenna space domain, detecting the position of an activated antenna by adopting compressed sensing by utilizing the characteristic that the number of the activated antenna is sparse relative to the number of transmitting antennas, and reconstructing a demodulation signal. If the error measure of the reconstructed signal and the received signal is less than the preset threshold value, the judgment is reliable, the detection result is stored, the detection process is ended, otherwise, the step 2 is entered.
Step 2, making the search range L represent the set of all the active antenna groups including the active antenna position detected in step 1, if so, making the search range L represent the set of all the active antenna groups
Figure BDA0002247290660000011
Then search within L range using maximum likelihood:
Figure BDA0002247290660000012
in the formula, V1、V2Is a threshold value, lambda is a candidate active antenna position,
Figure BDA0002247290660000021
to activate the antenna position detection value, s is a candidate constellation point,
Figure BDA0002247290660000022
is a detected value of the constellation point,
Figure BDA0002247290660000023
for modulating a set of constellation points, HΛFor the subset of channels corresponding to the candidate active antenna positions,
Figure BDA0002247290660000024
for the purpose of being indexed by values from the channel matrix H
Figure BDA0002247290660000025
The extracted sub-matrices are selected.
Saving results
Figure BDA0002247290660000026
And (4) ending the detection process, otherwise, needing more reliable detection, and entering the step 3.
Step 3, searching in the residual space of the JDM-GSM mapping table to find the globally optimal
Figure BDA0002247290660000027
To be the finalThe detected transmission data.
Preferably, the step 1 comprises the steps of:
step 1-1, assigning an initial value: let t equal to 1, initial margin r0Equal to the received data y;
step 1-2, projecting the received data to an antenna space, and sequencing the results from large to small according to the projection values:
Figure BDA0002247290660000028
where H is the antenna matrix, rt-1The balance obtained in t-1 cycles, ItjRepresenting t-1 circulation, sorting the index values of the channel matrixes corresponding to the sequence numbers j, wherein the argsort () function is used for sorting the arrays from large to small;
step 1-3, selecting the maximum projection value, and storing the result: lambdat＝[Λt-1，It1]；
1-4, sequencing possible constellation symbols from large to small according to reconstruction error metric:
Figure BDA0002247290660000029
in the formula, stjIn order to order the corresponding constellation points,
Figure BDA00022472906600000210
is a set of modulation constellation symbols, M is a modulation order,
Figure BDA00022472906600000211
for the channel matrix H according to the index value ΛtSelecting the extracted submatrix;
steps 1-5, if sorting the last demodulated signal and antenna position (Λ)t，stM) Contract rule preservation result
Figure BDA00022472906600000212
Otherwise find the rank from stMNearest legal value constellation point stjStoring the results
Figure BDA00022472906600000213
Step 1-6, updating the margin
Figure BDA00022472906600000214
Updating the iteration time t as t-1;
step 1-7, repeating the above steps 1-2 to 1-6 until all active antenna positions are found
Figure BDA00022472906600000215
And demodulating the signal
Figure BDA00022472906600000216
Step 1-8, order
Figure BDA0002247290660000031
Setting a threshold value V1If the error measure of the reconstructed signal and the received signal y is less than a threshold value
Figure BDA0002247290660000032
Figure BDA0002247290660000033
For the purpose of being indexed by values from the channel matrix H
Figure BDA0002247290660000034
The selected submatrix is judged reliably and the detection result is stored
Figure BDA0002247290660000035
And ending the detection process, otherwise, entering the step 2.
Preferably, the threshold value V is at low signal-to-noise ratio1、V2The setting method comprises the following steps: vi＝ρiNrσ2，i＝1，2,σ2Is the variance of the noise, piAdjusting the parameter for the threshold value, NrIs the number of receive antennas.
Preferably, when generating the JDM-GSM mapping table, the error rate of the system can be reduced by using the ESA method, and when performing the validity determination in step 1-4 of the detection process, the validity determination can be performed by using the difference between the active antenna indexes.
The invention utilizes the characteristic that the number of the activated antennas is sparse relative to the number of the transmitting antennas, utilizes the compressed sensing technology to detect the activated antennas, utilizes the judgment threshold value to judge the detection reliability, and gradually enlarges the detection search range according to the judgment reliability so as to ensure the detection reliability. When the mapping table is generated by spatial modulation, an equal probability subcarrier activation (ESA) mechanism is adopted, so that specific cyclic difference exists between activated antenna combination index values in the mapping table, and the legality judgment of the detection antenna position is carried out in compressed sensing antenna detection according to the rule so as to eliminate abnormal detection.
The invention has lower complexity relative to maximum likelihood detection, and the detection precision and complexity can be balanced by a threshold value. If the spectrum efficiency is mb/s/Hz, the required mapping table size is 2m. For the case of the maximum-likelihood detector,
Figure BDA0002247290660000036
search space
Figure BDA0002247290660000037
Has a size of 2mThe number of floating-point operations required is (8N)rNp+4Nr-1)2m. The computational complexity of the proposed invention is mainly composed of three parts, the computational complexity of step 1 is
Figure BDA0002247290660000038
The computational complexity of step 2 is the maximum likelihood of the search space L, which is approximated as L
Figure BDA0002247290660000039
The computational complexity at this point may be represented as α1p(8NrNp+4Nr-1)，α1Is the scale factor of the detector entering step 2The last step is to perform maximum likelihood operation in the residual search space, and the second step of operation is combined, which is equivalent to performing a complete maximum likelihood search in the whole algorithm, and the calculation complexity is α22m(8NrNp+4Nr-1)，α2Is the scaling factor for the detector to go to step 3, let α3＝p/2m，α＝α3α1+α2Then the overall computational complexity is:
Figure BDA0002247290660000041
Figure BDA0002247290660000042
in practical applications, α is a small value, which can achieve satisfactory BER performance, so the present invention has low computational complexity, and α can be adjusted by adjusting the threshold value, thereby achieving the tradeoff between complexity and performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system diagram for efficient compression detection for joint data mapping generalized spatial modulation provided by the present example;
fig. 2 is a graph of the performance of the present invention and the conventional method when the transmitting antenna is configured as 32 and the receiving antenna is configured as 16.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a generalized spatial modulation method based on antenna combination and constellation joint mapping according to this embodiment. In this example, the JDM-GSM system has Nt32 transmitting antennas and Nr16 receiving antennas, the number of active antennas per time slot is NPConstellation symbol modulation scheme adopted by conventional GSM 2Formula 16QAM with spectral efficiency
Figure BDA0002247290660000043
JDM-GSM only needs to obtain the same spectral efficiency
Figure BDA0002247290660000044
JDM-GSM adopts ESA mode to generate size 2124096 mapping table. When the transmitting antenna is configured to be 32 and the receiving antenna is configured to be 16, the table section is shown in table 1 below:
table 1 partial mapping table (number of transmitting antennas 32, number of active antennas 2)
Figure BDA0002247290660000045
Figure BDA0002247290660000051
Step 1, because the number of the active antennas is sparse relative to the number of the transmission antennas, converting the received data into an antenna space domain, detecting the position of the active antennas by using compressed sensing, setting t to be 1, and setting r0Equals to the received data y, which comprises the following steps:
step 1-1, projecting the received signal to an antenna space, and sorting the results from large to small according to the projection value: i ist＝[It1，It2，…，It32]＝argsort(|HHrt-1L) where H is the antenna matrix, rt-1The balance obtained for t-1 cycles, here ItjIs a sequence number of the sequence;
step 1-2, selecting the signal with the largest characteristic, and storing the result: lambdat＝[Λt-1，It1]；
Step 1-3, sequencing possible constellation symbols from large to small according to reconstruction error metric:
Figure BDA0002247290660000052
here stjSorting the corresponding constellation points;
step 1-4, if sort, the last demodulated signal and antenna position (Λ)t，st9) The rule of thumb holds the result, order
Figure BDA0002247290660000053
Otherwise find the rank from st9Nearest legal value constellation point stjAnd the result is saved,
Figure BDA0002247290660000054
the method for judging the unlawfulness is as follows:
in JDM-GSM, the number of all active antenna combinations is
Figure BDA0002247290660000055
Using 9QAM, a 496 x 9-4464 line mapping table can be obtained, while in practice only 2 is needed to achieve a spectral efficiency of 12b/s/Hz124096 mapping tables. And performing table mapping by adopting an ESA (Enterprise service architecture) mode, wherein the first 8 constellation points poll all the activated antenna combination numbers, and the 9 th constellation point only needs 4096-. From the sub-table of table 1, it can be seen that the cyclic difference of the active antenna index of the 9 th constellation point is less than or equal to 4. Therefore, in the detection method of the present invention, the cyclic difference d ═ between the active antenna indices is first calculated (Λ)2-Λ1)32When d is>4 and the 9 th constellation point is detected, the obtained symbol is illegal.
Step 1-5, updating the margin
Figure BDA0002247290660000056
Updating the iteration time t as t-1;
1-6, repeating the steps until all the activated antenna positions lambada are found2And demodulating the signal
Figure BDA0002247290660000057
Step 1-7, order
Figure BDA0002247290660000061
Setting a threshold value V1If the error measure of the reconstructed signal and the received signal is less than a threshold value
Figure BDA0002247290660000062
The decision is reliable and the detection result is saved
Figure BDA0002247290660000063
And ending the detection process, otherwise, entering the step 2.
And step 2, enabling a retrieve range L to represent a set of all the active antenna groups containing the active antenna positions detected in the step 1. If it is
Figure BDA0002247290660000064
Then search within L range using maximum likelihood:
Figure BDA0002247290660000065
and (4) storing the result:
Figure BDA0002247290660000066
and (4) ending the detection process, otherwise, needing more reliable detection, and entering the step 3. The position of the activated antenna obtained by the first detection step is assumed to be lambda2＝[1，3]Then, the search space is available:
L＝{(1，2)，(1，3)(1，4).....(1，32)，(3，2)，(3，4)(3，5).......(3，32)}
step 3, searching in residual space to find out the global optimum
Figure 1
The threshold value V of the Joint Compressed Sensing (JCS) detector proposed by the present invention is set in steps 1 and 2i＝ρi16σ2When i is 1, 2, when ρ1＝0.01，ρ2At 0.75, fig. 2 can see that the performance of JCS approaches the ML detector, but the complexity is reduced by 11%; setting rho1＝0.01，ρ2The computational complexity can be reduced by 39%, and the performance is slightly reduced by 0.85. Due to the fact thatThis threshold may provide a compromise between BER performance and complexity.

Claims (3)

1. An efficient detection method for joint data mapping generalized spatial modulation is provided, wherein an MIMO system comprises NtA transmitting antenna and NrA receiving antenna, wherein said efficient detection method comprises the steps of:
step 1, converting received data into an antenna space domain, detecting the position of an activated antenna by adopting compressed sensing by utilizing the characteristic that the number of the activated antenna is sparse relative to the number of transmitting antennas, and reconstructing a demodulation signal. If the error measure of the reconstructed signal and the received signal is less than the preset threshold value, the judgment is reliable, the detection result is stored and the detection process is ended, otherwise, the step 2 is entered.
Step 2, making the search range L represent the set of all the active antenna groups including the active antenna position detected in step 1, if so, making the search range L represent the set of all the active antenna groups
Figure FDA0002247290650000011
Then search within L range using maximum likelihood:
Figure FDA0002247290650000012
in the formula, V1、V2Is a threshold value, lambda is a candidate active antenna position,
Figure FDA0002247290650000013
to activate the detection of the antenna position, HΛA subset of channels corresponding to candidate active antenna positions, s being a candidate constellation point,
Figure FDA0002247290650000014
in order to detect the constellation point(s),
Figure FDA0002247290650000015
is a set of modulation constellation points.
Saving results
Figure FDA0002247290650000016
Ending the detection process, otherwise, needing more reliable detection, and entering the step 3 in the detection process;
step 3, searching in the residual space of the JDM-GSM mapping table to find the globally optimal
Figure FDA0002247290650000017
Figure FDA0002247290650000018
Is the final estimated transmitted data.
2. A method for efficient detection of joint data mapping generalized spatial modulation as defined in claim 1, wherein said step 1 comprises the steps of:
step 1-1, assigning an initial value: let t equal to 1, initial margin r0Equal to the received data y;
step 1-2, projecting the received data to an antenna space, and sequencing the results from large to small according to the projection values:
Figure FDA0002247290650000019
where H is the antenna matrix, rt-1The balance obtained in t-1 cycles, ItjRepresenting t-1 circulation, sorting the index values of the channel matrixes corresponding to the sequence numbers j, wherein the argsort () function is used for sorting the arrays from large to small;
step 1-3, selecting the maximum projection value, and storing the result: lambdat＝[Λt-1，It1]；
1-4, sequencing possible constellation symbols from large to small according to reconstruction error metric:
Figure FDA0002247290650000021
in the formula, stjIn order to order the corresponding constellation points,
Figure FDA0002247290650000022
is a set of modulation constellation symbols, M is the size of the modulation order,
Figure FDA00022472906500000213
for the channel matrix H according to the index value ΛtSelecting the extracted submatrix;
steps 1-5, if sorting the last demodulated signal and antenna position (Λ)t，stM) Contract rule preservation result
Figure FDA0002247290650000023
Otherwise find the rank from stMNearest legal value constellation point stjStoring the results
Figure FDA0002247290650000024
Step 1-6, updating the margin
Figure FDA0002247290650000025
Updating the iteration time t as t-1;
step 1-7, repeating the above steps 1-2 to 1-6 until all active antenna positions are found
Figure FDA0002247290650000026
And demodulating the signal
Figure FDA0002247290650000027
Step 1-8, order
Figure FDA0002247290650000028
Setting a threshold value V1If the error measure of the reconstructed signal and the received signal y is less than a threshold value
Figure FDA0002247290650000029
Figure FDA00022472906500000210
For the purpose of being indexed by values from the channel matrix H
Figure FDA00022472906500000211
The selected submatrix is judged reliably and the detection result is stored
Figure FDA00022472906500000212
And ending the detection process, otherwise, entering the step 2.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the threshold V is set at a low SNR1、V2The setting method comprises the following steps: vi＝ρiNrσ2，i＝1，2，σ2Is the variance of the noise, piAdjusting the parameter for the threshold value, NrIs the number of receive antennas.
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