CN110971004B - Voltage-source-free series autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a voltage-source-free series autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system, which comprises a fractional order transmitting circuit, a fractional order series receiving circuit and a load, wherein the fractional order transmitting circuit is connected with the fractional order receiving circuit; the fractional order transmitting circuit is composed of a primary side fractional order inductance coil with the order less than or equal to 1, a first single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate, a primary side fractional order compensation capacitor with the order more than 1 and a second single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate which are connected in series; the fractional order serial type receiving circuit is composed of a secondary side fractional order inductance coil with the order less than or equal to 1, a third single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate, a secondary side fractional order compensation capacitor with the order less than or equal to 1 and a fourth single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate which are connected in series. The system has simple structure, does not need an external high-frequency power supply, utilizes two transmission modes of electric field and magnetic field coupling to supply power for a load, can realize wireless power transmission with larger power and longer distance, and increases the freedom degree of parameter selection by adopting fractional order elements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless power transmission, in particular to a voltage-source-free series autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system.
Background
Wireless power transmission technologies can be broadly classified into magnetic field coupling type wireless power transmission technologies, electric field coupling type wireless power transmission technologies, and microwave type wireless power transmission technologies according to different implementation mechanisms and modes of power transmission. The microwave type microwave energy storage device has the advantages of extremely low efficiency, small power and serious dissipation although the transmission distance can be far, and is applied less currently. In practical applications, magnetic field coupling and electric field coupling have been studied more recently due to higher transmission power and higher efficiency. But the transmission performance of both modes is severely limited by the transmission distance. As the distance increases, the transmission efficiency will be greatly reduced, which is not beneficial to the practical application of the system. At present, the transmission distance of electric field coupling type wireless power transmission is in the order of centimeters, and the transmission distance of magnetic field coupling type wireless power transmission is in the order of tens of centimeters. How to effectively increase the distance of wireless power transfer and maintain the system efficiency is an important problem facing the technology at present.
At present, conventional space electric field coupling type and magnetic field coupling type wireless power transmission systems can be classified into a series-series type, a series-parallel type, a parallel-series type and a parallel-parallel type according to the connection modes of the inductor and the capacitor. Wherein the transmitting circuit employs a series connection adapted for use with a voltage source type inverter as a power source for providing electrical energy, and the receiving circuit employs a series connection adapted for use with a current source type inverter as a power source for providing electrical energy. The receiving circuit is suitable for high-power load application occasions such as electric automobiles and the like by adopting serial connection, and is suitable for low-power load application occasions such as consumer electronic products such as mobile phones and the like by adopting parallel connection, and different connection modes have great research significance and practical application value.
The concept of fractional elements (i.e., fractional inductances and fractional capacitances) derives from fractional calculus. In fact, the integer-order inductance and capacitance elements do not exist in nature, but the fractional order of the inductance and capacitance currently adopted is close to 1. With the continued understanding of inductive, capacitive characteristics, their fractional order effects are beginning to be considered or their fractional order is purposefully exploited to improve circuit performance, and in some applications have also proven to be more advantageous than integer-order components, such as in impedance matching circuits.
However, the application of fractional order elements in the electric field and magnetic field coupling wireless power transmission system is never mentioned, and the transmission efficiency of the existing electric field and magnetic field coupling wireless power transmission system is greatly affected by the transmission distance, generally the transmission efficiency is greatly reduced along with the increase of the distance, which is not beneficial to the practical application of the system. In addition, the resonance frequency of the resonator in the electric field and magnetic field coupling wireless power transmission system is extremely liable to shift due to the influence of the ambient temperature, load, surrounding metal objects, electromagnetic environment, or the like. And the degree of freedom of system parameter design is little, and output power and transmission efficiency's adjustable factor is few, is liable to be restricted by high frequency inverter power technology, hardly realizes the wireless electric energy transmission of bigger power and longer distance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, and provides a fractional-order-capacitor-based voltage-source-free series autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system, which utilizes a primary-side fractional-order compensation capacitor with the order being larger than 1, a primary-side fractional-order inductance coil with the order being smaller than or equal to 1 and a fractional-order series receiving circuit to form an autonomous system, so that the primary-side fractional-order compensation capacitor with the order being larger than 1 not only provides energy for the whole fractional-order electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system, but also can automatically follow system parameter changes when the order is kept fixed, and does not need any other adjustment to realize double constancy of system transmission efficiency and output power, thereby solving the inherent bottleneck problems of efficiency reduction or unstable output power caused by the change of resonance frequency offset, electric field coupling coefficient and mutual inductance coupling coefficient of the traditional electric field double-coupling wireless power transmission system. Meanwhile, the common transmission energy of an electric field and a magnetic field is realized, so that coupling mechanisms generated by the two coupling modes are mutually overlapped, and the transmission distance and the transmission efficiency of the traditional electric field coupling and magnetic field coupling wireless electric energy transmission are greatly increased. The smaller the load resistance is, the longer the distance between the output power and the constant running of the transmission efficiency is, which is favorable for realizing larger power and longer distance, and greatly widens the application prospect of the wireless electric energy transmission in the high-power fields of electric automobiles and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the system comprises a fractional order transmitting circuit, a fractional order serial type receiving circuit and a load, wherein the fractional order serial type receiving circuit is connected with the load; the fractional order transmitting circuit is composed of a primary side fractional order inductance coil with the order less than or equal to 1, a first single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate, a primary side fractional order compensation capacitor with the order more than 1 and a second single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate which are connected in series; the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor has the property of negative resistance, provides energy for the whole system, and can automatically follow the change of system parameters when the working frequency and the capacitance value are fixed in order within a long distance, so that the transmission efficiency and the output power of the system have strong robustness to the change of the system parameters and are constant; the apparent power of the primary fractional order compensation capacitor is constant, and two working modes exist: firstly, the order of the fractional order compensation capacitor is constant, the working frequency and the capacitance automatically follow the system parameter change to keep the fractional order compensation capacitor to work stably, secondly, the working frequency is fixed, and the order and the capacitance automatically follow the system parameter change to keep the fractional order compensation capacitor to work stably; the fractional order serial type receiving circuit is composed of a secondary side fractional order inductance coil, a third single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate, a secondary side fractional order compensation capacitor and a fourth single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate, wherein the order of the secondary side fractional order inductance coil is smaller than or equal to 1, the secondary side fractional order compensation capacitor and the fourth single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate are connected in series, the current gain is constant, the coupling interval with constant output power and transmission efficiency depends on load resistance, the smaller the load resistance is, the farther the critical coupling distance is, and the remote wireless power supply of a larger power load is facilitated; the first single-end coupling capacitor metal plate and the third single-end coupling capacitor metal plate are matched into a pair of interactive coupling capacitor metal plates, and the second single-end coupling capacitor metal plate and the fourth single-end coupling capacitor metal plate are matched into another pair of interactive coupling capacitor metal plates; the primary side fractional order induction coil and the secondary side fractional order induction coil transfer electric energy through magnetic field coupling, meanwhile, displacement current is generated between each two pairs of coupling capacitor metal polar plates, electric energy is transferred through electric field coupling, and coupling mechanisms generated in the two coupling modes are overlapped with each other to wirelessly supply power to a load.
Further, the differential relation between the voltage and the current of the primary side fractional order inductance coil and the secondary side fractional order inductance coil satisfies the following conditions: The phase relation satisfies: /(I) Wherein i Ln is the current of the fractional order inductance coil, u Ln is the voltage of the fractional order inductance coil, L βn is the inductance value of the fractional order inductance coil,/>For the phase of the fractional order inductor, β n is the order of the fractional order inductor, and 0< β n +.ltoreq.1, where n=1 or 2 represents the transmitting circuit or the receiving circuit, respectively.
Further, the voltage and current differential relation between the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor and the secondary side fractional order compensation capacitor satisfies the following conditions: The phase relation satisfies: /(I) Wherein i Cn is the current of the fractional compensation capacitor, u Cn is the voltage of the fractional compensation capacitor, C αn is the capacitance value of the fractional compensation capacitor,/>For the phase of the fractional compensation capacitance, α n is the order of the fractional compensation capacitance, and 1< α 1<2,0<α2 is less than or equal to 1, where n=1 or 2 represents the transmitting circuit or the receiving circuit, respectively.
Further, when the primary side fractional order inductance coil and the secondary side fractional order inductance coil are in the order of 1, the primary side fractional order inductance coil and the secondary side fractional order inductance coil are integer order inductance coils; when the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor and the secondary side fractional order compensation capacitor are in the order of 1, the integral order capacitor is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. meanwhile, two transmission modes of electric field coupling and magnetic field coupling are utilized to wirelessly supply power to a load, so that the transmission efficiency of the system is improved compared with that of a traditional electric field coupling and magnetic field coupling wireless power transmission system, the transmission distance is increased, and long-distance and stable wireless power transmission is realized.
2. The space electric field and magnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission realized by the fractional order element is completely different from the traditional electric field and magnetic field coupling wireless power transmission system, the degree of freedom of parameter selection is increased, and the system design is facilitated.
3. The system has simple structure, does not need to be additionally provided with a high-frequency power supply, and gets rid of the development limit of the high-frequency power supply technology.
4. The transmission efficiency and the output power of the system are insensitive to the change of the transmission distance, and stable wireless power transmission can be realized.
5. The transmission efficiency and the output power of the system can automatically adapt to the changes of the electric field coupling coefficient, the mutual inductance coupling coefficient and the resonance frequency.
6. The smaller the load resistance, the larger the interval between constant operation of the output power and the system efficiency.
7. The wireless power transmission device is favorable for wireless power transmission with larger power and longer distance, is particularly suitable for application occasions with high power loads, and widens the application prospect of the wireless power transmission technology in the high-power fields such as electric automobiles.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a specific system structure provided in an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is an equivalent circuit schematic diagram of a specific system provided in an embodiment.
Detailed Description
For further explanation of the content and features of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the implementation and protection of the present invention are not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the voltage-source-free series autonomous electromagnetic field dual-coupling wireless power transmission system provided by the embodiment includes a fractional order transmitting circuit, a fractional order series receiving circuit and a load R L, wherein the fractional order series receiving circuit is connected with the load R L; the fractional order transmitting circuit is composed of a primary side fractional order inductance coil L β1 with the order less than or equal to 1, a first single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate, a primary side fractional order compensation capacitor C α1 with the order more than 1 and a second single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate which are connected in series; the primary-side fractional order compensation capacitor C α1 has the property of negative resistance, provides energy for the whole system, and can automatically follow the change of system parameters when the working frequency and the capacitance value are fixed in order within a long distance, so that the transmission efficiency and the output power of the system have strong robustness to the change of the system parameters and are constant; the apparent power of the primary fractional order compensation capacitor C α1 is constant, and two working modes exist: firstly, the order of the fractional order compensation capacitor is constant, the working frequency and the capacitance automatically follow the system parameter change to keep the fractional order compensation capacitor to work stably, secondly, the working frequency is fixed, and the order and the capacitance automatically follow the system parameter change to keep the fractional order compensation capacitor to work stably; the fractional order serial type receiving circuit is composed of a secondary side fractional order inductance coil L β2, a third single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate, a secondary side fractional order compensation capacitor C α2 and a fourth single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate, wherein the secondary side fractional order inductance coil L β2 is smaller than or equal to 1 in order, the secondary side fractional order compensation capacitor C α2 is smaller than or equal to 1 in order, the current gain is constant, the coupling interval with constant output power and transmission efficiency depends on load resistance, the smaller the load resistance is, the longer the critical coupling distance is, the long-distance wireless power supply of a larger power load is facilitated, and therefore the application prospect of the wireless power transmission technology in the high-power field of electric automobiles and the like is further widened; the first single-end coupling capacitor metal plate and the third single-end coupling capacitor metal plate are configured to form a pair of interactive coupling capacitor metal plates C c1, and the second single-end coupling capacitor metal plate and the fourth single-end coupling capacitor metal plate are configured to form another pair of interactive coupling capacitor metal plates C c2; the primary side fractional order inductance coil L β1 and the secondary side fractional order inductance coil L β2 transmit electric energy through magnetic field coupling, meanwhile, displacement current is generated between each two pairs of coupling capacitor metal polar plates C c1、Cc2, electric energy is transmitted through electric field coupling, and coupling mechanisms generated in the two coupling modes are mutually overlapped to wirelessly supply power to the load R L.
The primary side fractional order inductance coil and the secondary side fractional order inductance coil have the order and inductance value of beta 1、β2 and L β1、Lβ2 respectively; the primary and secondary fractional order compensation capacitors have an order and capacitance of α 1、α2 and C α1、Cα2, respectively. The primary fractional order inductance coil, the primary fractional order compensation capacitor, the secondary fractional order inductance coil and the secondary fractional order compensation capacitor have the impedance expressions:
as can be seen from the above impedance expression, the fractional order inductor coil can be equivalently connected in series with an integer order resistor and an integer order inductor, which are variable with the operating frequency and the order, and the fractional order compensation capacitor can be equivalently connected in series with an integer order resistor and an integer order capacitor, which are variable with the operating frequency and the order, namely:
according to the coupling mode theory, the coupling mode equation of the system is as follows:
Where a 1 and a 2 are defined as complex variables of primary side resonance circuit and secondary side resonance circuit energy storage, and the square of the modulus value represents the energy stored in the resonance circuit, and the specific expression is:
Where i 1 and i 2 are the current of the transmitting circuit and the current of the receiving circuit, respectively, and u Cα1_eq and u Cα2_eq are the voltages of the imaginary impedance components of the primary fractional compensation capacitor and the secondary fractional compensation capacitor, respectively.
G 1、τ2L is the gain rate of the transmitting circuit and the total loss rate of the receiving circuit, respectively, and g 1＝-(τCα1+τLβ1),τ2L＝τCα2+τLβ2+τL, wherein τ Cα1、τLβ1、τCα2、τLβ2、τL is the loss rate of each element in the circuit, respectively, and the specific expression is as follows:
Omega 1、ω2 is the resonant angular frequency of the transmitter and receiver, respectively, expressed as follows:
As can be seen from the above, the resonant angular frequency of the system depends not only on the inductance of the fractional inductor and the capacitance of the fractional compensation capacitor, but also on the orders of the fractional inductor and the fractional compensation capacitor, and the resonant angular frequency of the conventional integer-order electric field and magnetic field coupling wireless power transmission system is determined only by the inductance and the capacitance.
The electromagnetic field energy coupling coefficient is the electromagnetic field energy coupling coefficient, wherein k c is the electric field coupling coefficient, k m is the mutual inductance coupling coefficient, and the specific expression is as follows:
here the number of the elements is the number, C c1 and C c2 are equivalent capacitances of a single pair of coupled metal plates, typically C c1≈Cc2 =εs/d, S is the area of the plate, d is the transmission distance, and k c、km < <1.
The condition that the system has steady-state solution can be obtained according to the coupling mode equation is as follows:
further, from formulas (1) and (11):
the general formula of the available system transmission efficiency is:
the output power is generally:
Wherein:
Wherein U Cα1 is the effective voltage value of the primary fractional compensation capacitor.
The operating frequency of the system can be solved by equation (1) as:
When the primary-side fractional capacitor works in a mode with a fixed order, alpha 1＝α0 is made to be a constant, so that the range of the sum (also called as an electromagnetic field coupling coefficient) of the electric field and the mutual inductance coupling coefficient of the system when the primary-side fractional capacitor is fixed in order is as follows:
k 0 is the critical operating point of the system. When k c+km<k0 is reached, the primary fractional compensation capacitor cannot work in the fixed-order mode, otherwise, the primary fractional compensation capacitor cannot work stably without the working frequency solution, so that the primary fractional compensation capacitor is automatically switched into the fixed-working frequency mode at this time, namely ω=ω 2.
When k c+km≥k0 is carried out, the primary fractional order compensation capacitor works in an order fixed mode alpha 1＝α0, so that k max is the maximum electromagnetic field coupling coefficient of the system design. According to the formulas (3) to (11), when the system parameters satisfy the following formulas:
τ L/τ2L is approximately constant and the transmission efficiency can be approximated as:
The output power is approximately:
S Cα1 is apparent power of the primary fractional order compensation capacitor, so that the transmission efficiency and output power of the system at k c+km≥k0 are irrelevant to the electromagnetic field coupling coefficient and resonance frequency as known from the above formula.
When k c+km<k0, the system transmission efficiency and output power are obtained by formulas (11) - (16):
According to the analysis, the voltage-source-free series autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system provided by the invention can realize constant and efficient transmission of efficiency and output power no matter the electromagnetic field coupling coefficient is changed or the resonant frequency is shifted in the designed electromagnetic field coupling coefficient range, and the critical coupling coefficient depends on the size of a load resistor, so that the system is favorable for realizing high-power and long-distance wireless power transmission, has larger difference with the traditional wireless power transmission system, and has obvious advantages and is worthy of popularization.
The embodiments described above are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the embodiments described above, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A voltage-source-free series autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system is characterized in that: the system comprises a fractional order transmitting circuit, a fractional order serial receiving circuit and a load (R L), wherein the fractional order serial receiving circuit is connected with the load (R L); the fractional order transmitting circuit is composed of a primary side fractional order inductance coil (L β1) with the order less than or equal to 1, a first single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate, a primary side fractional order compensation capacitor (C α1) with the order more than 1 and a second single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate which are connected in series; the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor (C α1) has the property of negative resistance, provides energy for the whole system, and can automatically follow the change of system parameters when the working frequency and the capacitance value are fixed in order within a long distance, so that the transmission efficiency and the output power of the system have strong robustness to the change of the system parameters and are constant; the apparent power of the primary fractional order compensation capacitor (C α1) is constant, and two working modes exist: firstly, the order of the fractional order compensation capacitor is constant, the working frequency and the capacitance automatically follow the system parameter change to keep the fractional order compensation capacitor to work stably, secondly, the working frequency is fixed, and the order and the capacitance automatically follow the system parameter change to keep the fractional order compensation capacitor to work stably; the fractional order serial type receiving circuit is composed of a secondary side fractional order inductance coil (L β2) with the order less than or equal to 1, a third single-end coupling capacitance metal pole plate, a secondary side fractional order compensation capacitor (C α2) with the order less than or equal to 1 and a fourth single-end coupling capacitance metal pole plate which are connected in series, the current gain is constant, the coupling interval with the constant output power and the constant transmission efficiency depends on a load resistance, the smaller the load resistance is, the farther the critical coupling distance is, and the remote wireless power supply of a larger power load is realized; the first single-end coupling capacitor metal plate and the third single-end coupling capacitor metal plate are configured as a pair of interactive coupling capacitor metal plates (C c1), and the second single-end coupling capacitor metal plate and the fourth single-end coupling capacitor metal plate are configured as another pair of interactive coupling capacitor metal plates (C c2); the primary side fractional order induction coil (L β1) and the secondary side fractional order induction coil (L β2) are coupled and transmitted through a magnetic field, meanwhile, displacement current is generated between each of two pairs of coupling capacitor metal polar plates (C c1、Cc2), electric energy is transmitted through electric field coupling, and coupling mechanisms generated in the two coupling modes are overlapped with each other to wirelessly supply power to a load (R L);
When the primary side fractional order inductance coil (L β1) and the secondary side fractional order inductance coil (L β2) are in the order of 1, the primary side fractional order inductance coil is an integer order inductance coil; when the primary fractional order compensation capacitor (C α1) and the secondary fractional order compensation capacitor (C α2) are 1 in order, the capacitor is an integer order capacitor.
2. A voltage source-free series autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the differential relation between the voltage and the current of the primary side fractional order induction coil (L β1) and the secondary side fractional order induction coil (L β2) is as follows: The phase relation satisfies: /(I) Wherein i Ln is the current of the fractional order inductance coil, u Ln is the voltage of the fractional order inductance coil, L βn is the inductance value of the fractional order inductance coil,/>For the phase of the fractional order inductor, βn is the order of the fractional order inductor, and 0< βn is less than or equal to 1, where n=1 or 2 represents the transmitting circuit or the receiving circuit, respectively.
3. A voltage source-free series autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the voltage and current differential relationship between the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor (C α1) and the secondary side fractional order compensation capacitor (C α2) is as follows: The phase relation satisfies: /(I) Wherein i Cn is the current of the fractional compensation capacitor, u Cn is the voltage of the fractional compensation capacitor, C αn is the capacitance value of the fractional compensation capacitor,/>For the phase of the fractional order compensation capacitance, αn is the order of the fractional order compensation capacitance, and 1< α1<2,0< α2+.ltoreq.1, where n=1 or 2 represents the transmitting circuit or the receiving circuit, respectively.
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| CN107657137A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-02-02 | 吉林大学 | A kind of unusual diffusion three-dimensional simulation method of the fractional order electromagnetism of Approximation by rational function |
| CN108494113A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-09-04 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of autonomy fractional order series connection wireless power transmission systems |
| CN110429722A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-11-08 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of parallel connection type fractional order autonomy wireless power transmission systems |
| CN211296323U (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-08-18 | 华南理工大学 | Voltage-source-free series autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system |
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| WO2015149410A1 (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-10-08 | 华南理工大学 | Fractional-order series resonant wireless power transmission system |
| CN107657137A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-02-02 | 吉林大学 | A kind of unusual diffusion three-dimensional simulation method of the fractional order electromagnetism of Approximation by rational function |
| CN108494113A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-09-04 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of autonomy fractional order series connection wireless power transmission systems |
| CN110429722A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-11-08 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of parallel connection type fractional order autonomy wireless power transmission systems |
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